View source for Brazilian Highway System

{{short description|Highway system of Brazil}}
[[File:Rodovias duplicadas do Brasil no ano de 2021, assinaladas em vermelho.jpg|thumb|300x300px|{{center|Brazilian federal road system, with dual carriageways highlighted in red, 2025}}]]
The '''Brazilian Highway System''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Sistema Nacional de Rodovias'') is a network of [[Trunk road|trunk roads]] administered by the [[Ministry of Transport (Brazil)|Ministry of Transport]] of Brazil. It is constructed, managed and maintained by the [[National Department of Transport Infrastructure]] (DNIT), a federal agency linked to the Ministry of Infrastructure, and the [[Public works department|public works departments]] of state governments. 

The National Travel System ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Sistema Nacional de Viação –'' SNV) comprises the road infrastructure and the operational structure of the different means of transporting people and goods. As for jurisdiction, the national road system is composed of the Federal Road Traffic System ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: Sistema Federal de Viação – SFV) and the road systems of the [[Federative units of Brazil|States]], the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] and the [[Municipalities of Brazil|Municipalities]].

The Investment Partnership Program (PPI) is a major effort to expand and upgrade the network of highways aside with the Federal Highway Concessions Program (PROCROFE). The Ministry of Infrastructure often uses a [[public–private partnership]] model for highway maintenance, and toll-collection. Currently, the longest National Highway in Brazil is BR-116 with {{Convert|4486|km|mi|lk=off|abbr=on}}.

== Characteristics ==
[[Image:Immigrantes_Highway,_brazil_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|250px|{{center|The [[Rodovia dos Imigrantes|SP-160]], or Rodovia dos Imigrantes}}]]
[[File:Building in São Paulo 345.jpg|thumb|Tietê Highway in [[São Paulo]].]]
[[File:Rodoanel Mario Covas7.JPG|thumb|right|[[Rodoanel Mário Covas|Mário Covas Beltway]].]]

{{As of|2023}}, the system consists of {{Convert|1,720,700|km|mi|lk=on|abbr=off}} of roads, of which approximately {{Convert|213500|km|mi|lk=off|abbr=on}} are paved (12.4%), and about {{convert|17000|km|0|abbr=on}} are [[dual carriageway|divided highways]], {{convert|6300|km|0|abbr=on}} only in the [[São Paulo (state)|State of São Paulo]]. Currently it is possible to travel from [[Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul|Rio Grande]], in the extreme south of the country, to [[Brasília]] ({{convert|2580|km|0|abbr=on}}) or [[Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro|Casimiro de Abreu]], in the state of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] ({{convert|2045|km|0|abbr=on}}), only on divided highways.<ref name=":0" /> The total of paved roads increased from 35,496 km (22,056 mi) in 1967 to 215,000 km (133,595 mi) in 2018, with an expansion of 0.5% between 2009 and 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Anuário CNT do Transporte 2021 |url=https://anuariodotransporte.cnt.org.br/2021/File/PrincipaisDados.pdf |access-date=26 December 2021 |website=Confederação Nacional do Transporte - CNT |language=pt-br}}</ref> In 2009, Brazil had {{Convert|1.03|km|mi|lk=off|abbr=on}} of paved road and {{Convert|7.35|km|mi|lk=off|abbr=on}} of unpaved road per inhabitant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2009 |title=Transporte rodoviário |url=https://www.ipea.gov.br/presenca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=26&Itemid=19 |access-date=27 February 2022 |publisher=Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - Ipea |language=pt-br}}</ref> 

In 2019, the Federal Highway System had {{Convert|75,800|km|mi|lk=off|abbr=on}}, of which approximately {{Convert|65,400|km|mi|lk=off|abbr=on}} were paved (86.3%), and {{Convert|10,355|km|mi|lk=off|abbr=on}} was under federal concession (PROCROFE).<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2019 |title=Rodovias Federais |url=https://antigo.infraestrutura.gov.br/rodovias-brasileiras.html |access-date=27 February 2022 |website= |publisher=Ministério da Infraestrutura - MInfra |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rodovias Federais - Informações Gerais - Sistema Federal de Viação |url=https://www.gov.br/infraestrutura/pt-br/assuntos/transporte-terrestre/rodovias-federais/rodovias-federais-informacoes-gerais-sistema-federal-de-viacao |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Ministério da Infraestrutura |language=pt-br}}</ref> The most important federal highways in the country are [[BR-101]] and [[BR-116]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anuário CNT do Transporte 2018 |url=https://anuariodotransporte.cnt.org.br/2018/# |access-date= |website=Confederação Nacional do Transporte - CNT}}</ref>

Although Brazil has the largest duplicated road network in [[Latin America]], it's considered insufficient for the country's needs: in 2021, it was calculated that the ideal amount of duplicated roads would be something around from {{convert|35000|km|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|42000|km|0|abbr=on}}. The main road axes also have problems because they often have inadequate geometry and constructive characteristics that don't allow quality long-distance flow (non-interference from local traffic and high speed).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last1=Mendes |first1=Claudia |last2=Barbosa |first2=Silvio |date=8 July 2019 |title=Infraestrutura e desenvolvimento no Brasil |url=https://www.kas.de/documents/265553/265602/KA+Cad+2019.2.pdf/eda7b688-9ae3-2f99-29f1-a8006f777abc?version=1.0&t=1567528762159 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Konrad Adenauer Foundation|Fundação Konrad Adenauer]] - KAS |page=29 |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last1=Martins |first1=Fernando |last2=Lourenço |first2=Ricardo |last3=Oliver |first3=Ignacia |title=Infraestrutura rodoviária no brasil: Para onde vamos?|url=https://www.bain.com/contentassets/7e48e0824a0e4f2ba4542d36c130cef1/infraestrutura-rodoviaria-no-brasil-para-onde-vamos_pt.pd |access-date=27 February 2022 |publisher=Bain & Company |language=pt-br |publication-date=2016}}</ref>

The [[Federal government of Brazil|Brazilian Federal Government]] has never implemented a National Highway Plan at the same level as developed countries such as the USA, Japan or European countries, which specifically aimed at inter-regional travel, and which should preferably be served by highways. The Brazilian State, despite some planning efforts, has been guided by a reactive action to the increase in demand (only duplicating some roads with old and inadequate layout) and not by a purposeful vision, directing occupation and economic density in the territory. Another problem is the lack of directing the Union Budget towards infrastructure works, since there is no law that guarantees funds from the Federal Budget for works on highways and other modes of transport, depending exclusively on the goodwill of the rulers.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

Brazil even invested 1.5% of the country's budget in infrastructure in the 1970s, being the time when the most investment was made in highways; but in the 1990s, only 0.1% of the budget was invested in this sector, maintaining an average of 0.5% in the 2000s and 2010s, insufficient amounts for the construction of an adequate road network. For comparative purposes, the average investment of the USA and the European Union was 1% between 1995 and 2013, even though they already have a much more advanced road infrastructure than Brazil.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

The country still has several states where paved access to 100% of the state's municipalities has not yet been reached. Some states have 100% of cities with asphalt access, such as [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], which reached this goal in 2014;<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2014 |title=Santa Catarina tem, agora, acesso asfaltado a todas as 295 cidades |url=https://www.sc.gov.br/noticias/temas/transportes-e-estradas/santa-catarina-tem-agora-acesso-asfaltado-a-todas-as-295-cidades |access-date=27 February 2022 |website= |publisher=Governo do Estado de Santa Catarina |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230125049/https://www.sc.gov.br/noticias/temas/transportes-e-estradas/santa-catarina-tem-agora-acesso-asfaltado-a-todas-as-295-cidades |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Paraíba]], which reached this goal in 2017,<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2017 |title=Ricardo entrega estrada de Carrapateira e decreta fim do isolamento asfáltico na Paraíba |url=https://sine.pb.gov.br/der/noticias/ricardo-entrega-estrada-de-carrapateira-e-decreta-fim-do-isolamento-asfaltico-na-paraiba |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=Sistema Nacional de Emprego na Paraíba (Sine-PB) |publisher=Secretaria de Comunicação |language=pt-br |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230132642/https://sine.pb.gov.br/der/noticias/ricardo-entrega-estrada-de-carrapateira-e-decreta-fim-do-isolamento-asfaltico-na-paraiba |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Alagoas]], which reached this goal in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2021 |title=Com entrega de rodovia em Pindoba, Alagoas bate meta de asfaltar 100% dos acessos aos municípios |url=https://www.correiodosmunicipios-al.com.br/2021/08/com-entrega-de-rodovia-em-pindoba-alagoas-bate-meta-de-asfaltar-100-dos-acessos-aos-municipios/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=Correio dos Municípios |language=pt-BR |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230132633/https://www.correiodosmunicipios-al.com.br/2021/08/com-entrega-de-rodovia-em-pindoba-alagoas-bate-meta-de-asfaltar-100-dos-acessos-aos-municipios/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In states like [[Rio Grande do Sul]], in 2020, there were still 54 cities without asphalt access.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2020 |title=No RS, 54 municípios ainda não têm acesso asfáltico e sofrem com poeira, buracos e dificuldades econômicas |url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/geral/noticia/2020/02/no-rs-54-municipios-ainda-nao-tem-acesso-asfaltico-e-sofrem-com-poeira-buracos-e-dificuldades-economicas-ck6wm0wqt0l7401qdr1onait8.html |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=GaúchaZH - GZH |language=pt-BR}}</ref> In [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]], in 2021, there were still 4 cities without asphalt access.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |title=Quatro cidades do Paraná não têm acessos por rodovias estaduais asfaltadas; moradores enfrentam lama e transtornos |url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2021/02/15/quatro-cidades-do-parana-nao-tem-acessos-por-rodovias-estaduais-asfaltadas-moradores-enfrentam-lama-e-transtornos.ghtml |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=G1 - Globo |language=pt-br}}</ref> In [[Minas Gerais]], in 2016, there were still 5 cities without asphalt access.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=3 April 2016 |title=Moradores de cidades sem ligação asfáltica vivem isolados por lama e poeira |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2016/04/03/interna_gerais,749599/isolados-por-lama-e-poeira.shtml |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=Jornal Estado de Minas |language=pt-BR}}</ref>

As it is in the United States, Canada, and most countries in Europe, larger/wider highways have higher speed limits than normal urban roads (typically between {{Convert|80|km/h|mph|lk=on|abbr=on}} and {{Convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}), although minor highways, unpaved highways and sections of major highways running inside urban areas have a lower speed limit in general. The national [[speed limit]] for cars driving in non-urban roads is {{Convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} unless otherwise stated, regardless of the road design, weather or daylight.

==Nomenclature==
[[Image:RodBandeirantes.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rodovia dos Bandeirantes]].]]
Brazilian [[State highways]] are named YY-XXX, where YY is the abbreviation of the [[Brazilian states|state]] which administers the highway and XXX is a number (e.g. [[SP-280]]; where SP means that the highway is administered by [[São Paulo state]]).

Brazilian National highways are named BR-XXX. National highways connect multiple states together, are of major importance to the [[Economy of Brazil|national economy]] and/or connect Brazil to another country. The meaning of the numbers are:

*000-099 - means that the highway runs radially from [[Brasília]]. It is an exception to the cases below.
*100-199 - means that the highway runs south–north
*200-299 - means that the highway runs west–east
*300-399 - means that the highway runs diagonally. Highways with odd numbers run northeast–southwest, while even numbers run northwest–southeast.
*400-499 - means that the highway interconnects between two major highways.
*600-699 - is a special designation given to highways of national importance but that just interconnect a highway to an important location. There currently are only two such highways in the country: BR-600 which connects the [[Itaipu Dam]] to [[BR-277]] and BR-610 which connects [[Guarulhos International Airport]] to [[BR-116]] and [[SP-070]].

Often Brazilian highways receive names (famous people, etc.), but continue to have a YY/BR-XXX name (for example: Rodovia [[Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco|Castelo Branco]] is also SP-280).

See [[highway system of São Paulo]] for the numbering designation used for [[São Paulo state|São Paulo]] [[State highway|state roads]], which is also used in some other [[Brazilian states|states]].

==Major Federal Brazilian Highways==
{{wide image|Ponte Rio-Niteroi01 2005-03-15.jpg|1100px|align-cap=center|{{center|The [[Rio–Niterói Bridge]], officially part of the federal [[BR-101]] highway. Also a landmark of [[Rio de Janeiro]]}}}}

===BR-010===
[[Image:Acailandia 3.jpg|thumb|BR-010 in [[Maranhão]].]]
{{Main|BR-010}}
The BR-010 is a radial highway that connects the national capital [[Brasília]], to the city of [[Belém]], in the state of [[Pará]]. It has the official name of Rodovia Bernardo Sayão (the name of its chief engineer, who died in an accident during the construction of the highway, when a tree fell on him), and is also called [[Belém–Brasília Highway]] or as Transbrasiliana Highway, in the stretch between the city of [[Estreito, Maranhão|Estreito]], in the state of [[Maranhão]], and the city of Belém. This is due to the fact that between Brasília and Estreito, the highway has many incomplete and unpaved stretches, especially in the state of [[Tocantins]]. Between Brasília and Estreito, the original route of the Belém-Brasília Highway follows the [[BR-060]], the [[BR-153]] and the [[BR-226]] highways, which are completely paved in this stretch. The BR-010 passes through the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]], and the states of [[Goiás]], [[Tocantins]], [[Maranhão]] and [[Pará]].

===BR-020===
{{Main|BR-020}}
[[Image:Piauí - BR-020 - (geometria) (8102617191).jpg|thumb|BR-020 in [[Piauí]].]]

The BR-020 connects [[Fortaleza]] in [[Ceará]] to the federal capital [[Brasília]]. Like other BRs that start with the number 0, it leaves Brasília to an extreme point in Brazil.<ref>[https://www.gov.br/dnit/pt-br/download/rodovias/rodovias-federais/nomeclatura-das-rodovias-federais/rodovias-radiais.pdf Rodovias Radiais]</ref> The highway is important because passes through the MATOPIBA region (in the south of Piauí and in the west of Bahia), which is an important producer of [[soybeans]], [[maize|corn]] and [[cotton]], among other products. It connects the interior of the Northeast to the Port of Mucuripe, in Fortaleza.<ref>[https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados PPM 2017: Rebanho bovino predomina no Centro-Oeste e Mato Grosso lidera entre os estados]</ref>

===BR-040===<!-- This section is linked from [[Belo Horizonte]] -->
{{Main|BR-040}}
[[Image:Arco Metropolitano (2).jpg|thumb|BR-040 in [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]].]]
BR-040 runs radially from near the national capital Brasília (beginning 100&nbsp;km south of the beginning of BR-050, in Brasília), in a northwest–southeast way, to Rio de Janeiro city.

BR-040 is the modern way of the so-called "[[Estrada Real|Caminho Novo]]", opened in the 18th century that linked [[Ouro Preto]], the main center of gold mines of [[Minas Gerais]] to the [[Rio de Janeiro]] harbor.

In 1861 the road was paved from [[Petrópolis]] to [[Juiz de Fora]], becoming the first road paved in Latin America until the 1920s. In 1928, Petrópolis was connected to Rio de Janeiro with a paved road.

In the 1930s the route was changed to pass by the new capital of Minas Gerais, [[Belo Horizonte]], although it was unpaved until 1957, when the road was extended to Brasília, the new capital of Brazil.

From 1951 to 1973 BR-040 was called BR-3 and was famous for its dangerous bends, such as the Viaduto das Almas, near Belo Horizonte, disabled in 2010. In the 1970s the part from Rio de Janeiro to Juiz de Fora was modernized and became a two-laned road.

Cities where the BR-040 runs or passes by: [[Luislândia]], Belo Horizonte, Juiz de Fora, Rio de Janeiro.

===BR-050===
[[Image:MG BR 050 - SP 330 Via Anhanguera - panoramio.jpg|thumb|BR-050 between [[São Paulo]] and [[Minas Gerais]]]]
{{Main|BR-050}}

BR-050 runs radially from the national capital, Brasília, in a north–south way, to Santos city, passing in São Paulo. It's one of the most important highways in the country: being close to being fully duplicated in 2021, it passes through some of the richest regions of Brazil. It links areas of large agricultural and industrial production to [[Port of Santos]], the largest in the country. Brasília is the city with the highest average salary per inhabitant. Goiás is one of the largest national producers of sugarcane, soy, corn and tomatoes, in addition to having a large cattle ranching. The area between Uberaba and Uberlândia, in Minas Gerais, has the largest milk production in Brazil. The state of São Paulo holds 30% of Brazil's industrial GDP and a gigantic agricultural sector. In Ribeirão Preto there is the largest production of sugarcane in the world. In Franca, there is the largest national production of men's shoes. The highway also drains the gigantic production of coffee from Minas Gerais and orange juice from São Paulo. In the area around Campinas there is a great technological production. 40% of the cars produced in the country come from the cities of Greater São Paulo. Not to mention the production of chicken meat and all industrial production in São Paulo, which is basically exported via Santos.<ref>[http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/sp Profile of the Industry of São Paulo]</ref><ref>[https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/26537-ibge-preve-safra-recorde-de-graos-em-2020 IBGE prevê safra recorde de grãos em 2020]</ref><ref>[http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/laranja/b1_laranja.pdf Produção brasileira de laranja em 2018]</ref><ref>[https://revistagloborural.globo.com/Noticias/Criacao/Leite/noticia/2018/09/producao-de-leite-cai-05-e-totaliza-335-bilhoes-de-litros-em-2017.html Produção de leite cai 0,5% e totaliza 33,5 bilhões de litros em 2017]</ref>

===BR-060===
[[Image:BR-060.jpg|thumb|BR-060 in Goiânia, going to Anápolis]]
{{Main|BR-060}}

This road connects [[Brasília]] to [[Bela Vista, Mato Grosso do Sul|Bela Vista]], on the [[Paraguay]]an border.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130628044448/http://www2.transportes.gov.br/bit/02-rodo/3-loc-rodo/loc-rodo/060.htm BR 060 map]</ref><ref>[https://www.gov.br/dnit/pt-br/download/rodovias/rodovias-federais/nomeclatura-das-rodovias-federais/rodovias-radiais.pdf Rodovias Radiais]</ref> The highway is important because helps in the flow of agricultural production in the Center-West Region, which specializes in: soybeans, corn, sugarcane, tomatoes, beans, in the planting of eucalyptus for the production of cellulose and paper, and in cattle raising. Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul also have considerable mineral exploration, producing a lot of iron ore, nickel and copper, in addition to gold, manganese and niobium. The BR-060 will in the future serve as a link with the Bioceanic Corridor that is being built with 3 other South American countries, connecting Campo Grande to Antofagasta, passing through Paraguay, northern Argentina and northern Chile.<ref>[http://www.portaldaeducativa.ms.gov.br/cronograma-da-rota-bioceanica-segue-com-obras-em-ritmo-acelerado-no-paraguai/ Cronograma da Rota Bioceânica segue com obras em ritmo acelerado no Paraguai]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ms.gov.br/encontro-do-corredor-bioceanico-avanca-em-projetos-turisticos-culturais-e-comerciais/ |title=Encontro do Corredor Bioceânico avança em projetos turísticos, culturais e comerciais |access-date=2021-06-06 |archive-date=2020-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223043331/http://www.ms.gov.br/encontro-do-corredor-bioceanico-avanca-em-projetos-turisticos-culturais-e-comerciais/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/26537-ibge-preve-safra-recorde-de-graos-em-2020 IBGE prevê safra recorde de grãos em 2020]</ref><ref>[https://g1.globo.com/ms/mato-grosso-do-sul/noticia/2020/04/09/ms-deve-registrar-maior-safra-de-soja-da-historia-e-producao-pode-chegar-a-mais-de-11-milhoes-de-toneladas.ghtml MS deve registrar maior safra de soja da história e produção pode chegar a mais de 11 milhões de toneladas]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goias.gov.br/index.php/servico/95815-goias-e-o-segundo-maior-produtor-de-cana-de-acucar-do-pais |title=Goiás é o segundo maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar do País |access-date=2021-06-06 |archive-date=2023-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403235651/https://www.goias.gov.br/index.php/servico/95815-goias-e-o-segundo-maior-produtor-de-cana-de-acucar-do-pais |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://g1.globo.com/ms/mato-grosso-do-sul/noticia/2019/04/15/com-quarto-maior-rebanho-bovino-do-pais-ms-recebe-evento-para-debater-todos-os-elos-da-cadeia-produtiva.ghtml Com quarto maior rebanho bovino do país, MS recebe evento para debater todos os elos da cadeia produtiva]</ref><ref>[https://www.enfoquems.com.br/ms-se-consolida-como-maior-exportador-de-celulose-do-pais/ MS se consolida como maior exportador de celulose do país]</ref><ref>[http://www.anm.gov.br/dnpm/publicacoes/serie-estatisticas-e-economia-mineral/anuario-mineral/anuario-mineral-brasileiro/amb_2018_ano_base_2017 Anuário Mineral Brasileiro 2018]</ref>

===BR-101===

{{Main|BR-101}}
[[Image:BR 101 - Barra Velha - SC , Passarela de Pedestres - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|BR-101 in [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]].]]
[[BR-101]] runs in a north–south way, along Brazil's eastern coast. It is Brazil's second major highway, and the longest in the country (nearly {{convert|4800|km|0|abbr=on}} long). It connects more states capitals than any other "rodovia" in the country, in the total, 12 capitals are directly connected by BR-101. It's considered one of the most important highways in the country, along with BR-116: as it is a highway with a trans-coastal nature, it allows the connection between ports, major consumer centers and tourist areas. Used both by tourists who explore the coast, and for the transport of local and regional road loads such as those destined for or coming from ports and industries.<ref>[https://www.gov.br/dnit/pt-br/download/rodovias/rodovias-federais/nomeclatura-das-rodovias-federais/rodovias-longitudinais.pdf Rodovias Longitudinais]</ref><ref>[https://via101.com.br/rodovia-br-101/ BR-101 data]</ref>

The [[Rio–Niterói Bridge]] is part of the BR-101.

Cities where the BR-101 runs or passes by: [[Natal, Rio Grande do Norte|Natal]], [[João Pessoa, Paraíba|João Pessoa]], [[Olinda]], [[Recife]], [[Maceió]], [[Aracaju]], [[Feira de Santana]], [[Itabuna]], [[Ilhéus]], [[Porto Seguro]], [[Linhares]], [[Vitória, Espírito Santo|Vitória]], [[Guarapari]], [[Niterói]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Barra Mansa]], [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]], [[Curitiba]], [[Joinville]], [[Florianópolis]], [[Criciúma]], [[Osório]].

===BR-116===

{{Main|BR-116}}
[[Image:29.10.08_vôo_SJC_150.jpg|thumb|BR-116 near [[São José dos Campos]].]]
BR-116 runs in a north–south way, near, but not on Brazil's coastline. It is considered one of the most important highways in the country, along with [[BR-101]].<ref>[https://www.gov.br/dnit/pt-br/download/rodovias/rodovias-federais/nomeclatura-das-rodovias-federais/rodovias-longitudinais.pdf Rodovias Longitudinais]</ref> It's also the second longest of the country, although, in practice, it is currently the one with the greatest extension built ({{convert|4486|km|0|abbr=on}}). The highway is one of the main connections for the transport of loads, receiving thousands of trucks every day. Numerous parts of the long path taken by the BR-116 have other official names, such as Régis Bittencourt, Presidente Dutra, Santos Dumont, among others.<ref>[https://blogdocaminhoneiro.com/2021/07/br-116-a-rodovia-mais-longa-do-brasil/ BR-116 – A rodovia mais longa do Brasil]</ref> 

Cities where the BR-116 runs or passes by: [[Fortaleza]], [[Salgueiro]], [[Feira de Santana]], [[Vitória da Conquista]], [[Teófilo Otoni]], [[Governador Valadares]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Volta Redonda]], [[São José dos Campos]], [[São Paulo]], [[Curitiba]], [[Lages]], [[Caxias do Sul]], [[Canoas]], [[Porto Alegre]], [[Pelotas]].

===BR-153===
{{Main|BR-153}}
[[Image:Moto Clube FREE WORLD na estrada.jpg|thumb|BR-153 in [[Herveiras]], [[Rio Grande do Sul]].]]

Also known as Transbrasiliana Highway, as [[Belém–Brasília Highway]] or even as Bernardo Sayão Highway, the BR-153 is one of the longest highways in South America and runs in the north–south direction, connecting the city of [[Marabá, Pará|Marabá]], in the state of [[Pará]], and the city of [[Aceguá, Brazil|Aceguá]], in the boundary with [[Uruguay]]. It passes through the states of [[Pará]], [[Tocantins]], [[Goiás]], [[Minas Gerais]] ([[Triângulo Mineiro]] region), [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] and [[Rio Grande do Sul]]. The BR-153 is one of the main highways of the central region of Brazil, mainly in the states of Goiás and Tocantins, and also in the [[Triângulo Mineiro]] region. The highway works as an important channel for the flow of agricultural production (mainly soy, corn, sugar cane, cotton and tomato) and livestock (mainly beef and pork) in the Midwest, transports milk production from Minas Gerais and coffee from São Paulo, and agricultural products (rice, wheat, barley, soybeans, corn, grapes, apples, oats), livestock (chicken, pork, fish, and milk) and industrial (furniture, footwear, textiles, machinery, etc.) of the Southern region.<ref>[https://exame.com/brasil/boa-mas-insegura-br-153-e-caminho-de-producao-agricola/ BR-153 é caminho de produção agrícola]</ref>

===BR-277===

{{Main|BR-277}}
[[Image:CURITIBA (BR 277 km 3,5, Trecho Curitiba-Paranaguá), Paraná, Brasil by Nivaldo Cit Filho - panoramio.jpg|thumb|BR-277 in [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]]]]
BR-277 runs east–west, starting from the [[Friendship Bridge (Brazil–Paraguay)|Friendship Bridge]], which connects Brazilian city [[Foz do Iguaçu]] to Paraguayan [[Ciudad del Este]], and going up to the port city of [[Paranaguá]]. It is approximately 650 km long. The highway is of great economic importance for both Brazil and Paraguay, as it connects the Brazil-Paraguay border to the [[Port of Paranaguá]] (which exits into the Atlantic Ocean). 

It is one of the most important highways in the Southern Region of Brazil, as it connects Curitiba (the capital city of the state of [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] and the third highest city GDP in Brazil) to the city of Paranaguá and to the international border city of Foz de Iguaçu, one of the most-frequented touristic destinations in Brazil (mainly due to border trade, to the presence of the Iguaçu Falls and the [[Itaipu Dam]]). In Paraná, there is a large production of soybeans, corn, chicken, milk, cellulose and fish, among other products, which are exported through the Port of Paranaguá (among other international connections). 

For Paraguay, BR-277 is also of economical significance as it has a direct connection with [[Asunción]] through [[Route 2 (Paraguay)|Route PY-02]] and serves as an exit to the Atlantic Ocean. On the Brazil-Paraguay border there is intense trade between the two countries. and Paraguay uses the port to carry out part of its exports through the Atlantic Ocean.<ref>[http://www.aen.pr.gov.br/modules/noticias/article.php?storyid=103947&tit=Parana-e-o-segundo-maior-produtor-de-leite-do-Brasil-confirma-IBGE Paraná é o segundo maior produtor de leite do Brasil, confirma IBGE]</ref><ref>[https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados PPM 2017: Rebanho bovino predomina no Centro-Oeste e Mato Grosso lidera entre os estados]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.valeverdefm.com.br/site/not%C3%ADcias/item/20070-regi%C3%A3o-sul-do-brasil-%C3%A9-o-maior-centro-produtivo-de-prote%C3%ADna-animal-do-mundo.html |title=REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL É O MAIOR CENTRO PRODUTIVO DE PROTEÍNA ANIMAL DO MUNDO |access-date=2021-06-06 |archive-date=2020-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016202050/http://www.valeverdefm.com.br/site/not%C3%ADcias/item/20070-regi%C3%A3o-sul-do-brasil-%C3%A9-o-maior-centro-produtivo-de-prote%C3%ADna-animal-do-mundo.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados PPM 2017: Rebanho bovino predomina no Centro-Oeste e Mato Grosso lidera entre os estados. ]</ref><ref>[https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/26537-ibge-preve-safra-recorde-de-graos-em-2020 IBGE prevê safra recorde de grãos em 2020]</ref>

Major Brazilian cities connected by BR-277 are [[Foz do Iguaçu]], [[Medianeira]], [[Cascavel]], [[Guarapuava]], [[Ponta Grossa]], [[Curitiba]], and [[Paranaguá]].

[[Image:BR369.jpg|thumb|BR-369 between [[Cambé]] and [[Londrina]], [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]].]]

===BR-369===
{{Main|BR-369}}

BR-369 begins in [[Oliveira, Minas Gerais|Oliveira]], [[Minas Gerais]] and ends in [[Cascavel]] in the state of [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]].<ref>{{Cite FTP |title=Infra-estrutura de transportes |url=ftp://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/mapas_tematicos/mapas_murais/brasil_infra_estrutura_transp.pdf |accessdate=28 February 2016 |language=pt |format=map |server=ibge.gov.br |url-status=dead |date=2005 }}</ref><ref name=dnit>{{cite web|title=SNV 2015 Completo |date=2015-12-15 |url=https://www.dnit.gov.br/sistema-nacional-de-viacao/sistema-nacional-de-viacao |website=dnit.gov.br |publisher=Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes (DNIT) — Sistema Nacional de Viação |accessdate=28 February 2016 |language=pt |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304172230/https://www.dnit.gov.br/sistema-nacional-de-viacao/sistema-nacional-de-viacao |archivedate=4 March 2016 }}</ref> 

This highway is  of extreme economical importance as it is used to transport products from agriculture, livestock and industry from the states of Paraná to São Paulo and vice versa - for example, soy, corn, coffee, beef, paper and cellulose, wood, furniture and other important products in the region.<ref>[http://www.cobrareporter.com.br/24299-2/ Cobra Repórter e Ratinho Junior visitam Congresso Nacional Moveleiro]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://acil.com.br/acil-na-midia/escolha-de-obra-do-contorno-norte-facilita-atracao-de-industrias |title=Escolha de obra do Contorno Norte facilita atração de indústrias |access-date=2021-06-06 |archive-date=2021-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606014358/http://acil.com.br/acil-na-midia/escolha-de-obra-do-contorno-norte-facilita-atracao-de-industrias |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.iap.pr.gov.br/modules/noticias/article.php?storyid=1607 Estratégias regionais vão nortear desenvolvimento do Paraná até 2035]{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It also connects the western states of Paraná and São Paulo to [[Paraguay]]. Paraguay imports most of the products it consumes from Brazil (one of the main promoters of the Paraguayan economy). Therefore, trade and tourism with Paraguay are strong in the region. [[Foz do Iguaçu]] and [[Ciudad del Este]] benefit directly from the highway.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.planejamento.gov.br/noticias/comercio-bilateral-entre-brasil-e-paraguai-e-destaque-no-mercosul |title=Comércio bilateral entre Brasil e Paraguai é destaque no Mercosul |access-date=2021-06-06 |archive-date=2017-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024141247/http://www.planejamento.gov.br/noticias/comercio-bilateral-entre-brasil-e-paraguai-e-destaque-no-mercosul |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===BR-376===
[[Image:Rodovia do Café - BR-376, Imbaú.2.jpg|thumb|BR-376]]
{{Main|BR-376}}

The road connects the cities of [[Garuva]], in the state of [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], to [[Dourados]], [[Mato Grosso do Sul]]. It has a length of 958,3 km.<ref>[https://www.gov.br/dnit/pt-br/download/rodovias/rodovias-federais/nomeclatura-das-rodovias-federais/rodovias-diagonais.pdf Rodovias Diagonais]</ref> The road is very important to transport agricultural, livestock and industrial products from the states of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul. As some examples, we have soy, corn, coffee, beef, paper and cellulose, wood, furniture and other important products. in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.der.pr.gov.br/modules/conteudo/conteudo.php?conteudo=11 |title=BR-376 - Rodovia do Café - história |access-date=2021-03-12 |archive-date=2018-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228101247/http://www.der.pr.gov.br/modules/conteudo/conteudo.php?conteudo=11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===BR-386===
{{Main|BR-386}}
[[Image:BR-386 duplicada.jpg|thumb|right|BR-386 in [[Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul|Lajeado]].]]

This highway connects Canoas (in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul) with the municipality of Iraí (in the extreme northwest of the state, on the border with Santa Catarina).<ref>{{cite web|title=Rodovias Diagonais|url=http://www.dnit.gov.br/download/rodovias/rodovias-federais/nomeclatura-das-rodovias-federais/rodovias-diagonais.pdf|website=dnit.gov.br|publisher=Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes (DNIT) — Sistema Nacional de Viação|accessdate=13 March 2021|language=pt}}</ref> 

It's called the Production Highway due to its high importance for the state. Through it all the production of soy, corn, wheat, meat, wood, furniture, among other products of the region is drained. In the city of [[Ametista do Sul]], close to Iraí, there is the largest production of amethyst in the world. Close to [[Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul|Lajeado]] is one of the largest productions of [[tobacco]] on the planet. In Santa Catarina, the highway ends near [[Chapecó]], the largest regional hub in the west of the state. In general, cities with significant GDP are on the side of the highway.<ref>[https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/26537-ibge-preve-safra-recorde-de-graos-em-2020 IBGE prevê safra recorde de grãos em 2020]</ref><ref>[https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados PPM 2017: Rebanho bovino predomina no Centro-Oeste e Mato Grosso lidera entre os estados ]</ref><ref>[http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/Redes-Institucionais/Rede-de-Bibliotecas---Rede-Ametista/Algumas-Gemas-Classicas-1104.html Algumas Gemas Clássicas]</ref><ref>[https://noticias.band.uol.com.br/noticias/100000911432/rio-grande-do-sul-o-maior-exportador-de-pedras-preciosas-do-brasil.html Rio Grande do Sul: o maior exportador de pedras preciosas do Brasil]</ref><ref>[https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/cultura-e-lazer/almanaque/noticia/2018/02/os-alemaes-e-as-pedras-preciosas-gauchas-cje4tmdeu00d701qoek6rfc3c.html Os alemães e as pedras preciosas gaúchas]</ref><ref>[http://g1.globo.com/ciencia-e-saude/noticia/2012/12/maior-pedra-de-agua-marinha-e-brasileira-e-ficara-exposta-nos-eua.html Maior pedra de água-marinha é brasileira e ficará exposta nos EUA]</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Pedras de ametista são atrativos para turistas em cidade no Norte do RS | date=4 July 2013 | url=http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/nossa-terra/2013/noticia/2013/07/pedras-de-ametista-sao-atrativos-para-turistas-em-cidade-no-norte-do-rs.html }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{in lang|fr}} [[Michel Braudeau]], « L'autoroute de l'amertume », in ''Le rêve amazonien'', [[éditions Gallimard]], 2004 ({{ISBN|2-07-077049-4}}).

==External links==
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.detran.sp.gov.br São Paulo Detran]

{{Federal highways in Brazil}}
{{Automotive industry in Brazil}}
{{Portal bar|Transport|Brazil}}

[[Category:Highways in Brazil| ]]