View source for British Rail Class 114

{{short description|Class of 49 two-car diesel multiple units built by Derby C&W Works}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox train
| background       = #0033cc;color:white;
| name             = British Rail Class 114
| image            = BR class 114 T231.jpg
| imagealt         = 
| imagesize        =
| caption          = 114 T231 at [[Blaenau Ffestiniog]] in BR blue and grey
| interiorimage    = 
| interiorimagealt = 
| interiorcaption  = 
| service          = 1957–2002
| manufacturer     = BR Derby
| factory          = 
| family           = [[List of British Rail diesel multiple unit classes#First generation|First generation]]
| replaced         = Steam locomotives and carriages
| yearconstruction = 1956–1957
| yearservice      = 
| refurbishment    = 
| yearscrapped     = 
| numberconstruction= 
| numberbuilt      = 50 sets (100 cars)
| numberservice    = 
| numberpreserved  = 2 sets (4 cars)
| numberscrapped   = 
| formation        = {{abbr|DMBS|Driving Motor Brake Second}}+{{abbr|DTCL|Driving Trailer Composite with lavatory}}
| fleetnumbers     = 
| capacity         = {{ubl|DMBS: 62 second|DTCL: 12 first, 62 second}}
| operator         = [[British Rail]]
| depots           = 
| lines            = 

| carbody          = [[Steel]]
| trainlength      = 
| carlength        = {{convert|64|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}} 
| width            = {{convert|9|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on}} 
| height           = {{convert|12|ft|4+1/2|in|m|2|abbr=on}} 
| floorheight      = 
| platformheight   = 
| entrylevelorstep = 
| doors            = 
| art-sections     = 
| maxspeed         = {{convert|70|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
| weight           = 
| acceleration     = 
| deceleration     = 
| traction         = 
| engine           = 
| poweroutput      = 
| transmission     = 
| aux              = 
| powersupply      = 
| hvac             = 
| electricsystem   = 
| collectionmethod = 
| uicclass         = 
| aarwheels        = 
| bogies           = 
| brakes           = 
| safety           = 
| coupling         = 
| multipleworking  = <span style="color:blue;">■</span> Blue Square
| gauge            = {{RailGauge|ussg}}
}}
The '''British Rail Class 114''' [[diesel multiple unit]]s were built by [[Derby Carriage and Wagon Works|BR Derby]] from September 1956 to July 1957. Forty-nine 2-car units were built, numbered E50001-49 for driving motors (later renumbered 53001-49) and E56001-49 for driving trailers (later renumbered 54001-49). The units were used in the early days out of 40A Lincoln TMD (LN) on services all over the county, although a small number were transferred to 41A Sheffield (Darnall) during 1959/60. 

The vehicles were the first type to be built at Derby with the longer 63 ft 6 in underframe, and the first Derby vehicles to be built from steel. This design would be re-used in the [[British Rail Class 116|116]] and [[British Rail Class 117|117]]. The type was classed a heavyweight unit; with their original {{cvt|150|hp}} BUT engines, they were found to be underpowered for the local scheduled services, and lost time especially when towing a van (which was a regular occurrence in that area). The most problematic stretch was the 1 in 122 for just under a mile near Ancaster which reduced these units to {{Cvt|45|mph}} even on full power. As a result of this, several 3-car formations were put together using two power cars and one trailer. The type was re-engined with Leyland Albion {{cvt|230|bhp|kW}} motors.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021|reason=Removed citation under WP:UGC}} 

These were used in the main on [[Poacher Line|Grantham - Boston/Skegness]] and [[Barton Line|Lincoln - Cleethorpes]] workings during 1957, and would be a familiar sight in the Lincolnshire area until the early 1990s.{{cn|date=April 2022}}

==Formations==
Formations noted in Railway Observer magazine were E50008/E50007/E56007, E50011/E50012/E56012, E50038/E50039/E56015 and E50015/E50035/E56035. Spare trailers were stored at various locations - E56016/25/40 at Blankney & Metheringham, E56010/39 at Bardney and E56004/20/22/37/38/44/45 near Sleaford South Junction. 

E50029/30/31/32/33/34 and their respective trailers were transferred to Stratford between February and April 1957 in exchange for Derby 2-car lightweight units, but between June and October the 114s moved back to Lincoln. 

==History==
[[File:Heckington Station from the windmill 1984 (3244015593).jpg|thumb|left|Class 114 at Heckington, 1984.]]E50049/E56049 was introduced with {{Cvt|230|hp}} versions of the power unit, which proved to have a much more acceptable power to weight ratio, and during 1959 and 1960 all the class were fitted with these more powerful engines and settled down to work most Lincolnshire local services (with regular visits to South Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire) for over 25 years.
One of the class (one of the cars 50040) along with another 3-car unit was on one of the last passenger service from [[Louth, Lincolnshire|Louth]] to Grimsby on 20 December 1980.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/l/louth/#:~:text=The%20last%20passenger%20train%20at,to%20use%20the%20goods%20dock.|title = Disused Stations: Louth Station}}</ref> Other services where Cleethorpes to Barton-upon-Humber, Cleethorpes to Sheffield via Retford, and Peterborough to Grimsby via Boston, Willoughby and Louth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.davesrailpics.bravehost.com/lincs/ticket.htm|title=Final ticket Louth to Grimsby|website=www.davesrailpics.bravehost.com}}</ref>

The units were rarely seen outside of their normal working area, but in June 1957 E50029/E56029 worked a special excursion from Ipswich to Chessington South.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Trains Illustrated]] |volume=X |number=108 |date=September 1957 }}</ref>{{page needed|date=August 2023}}

Later in their life, they were moved to the [[Tyseley Locomotive Works|Tyseley]] TMD (TS) [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]], but still came back to the Lincolnshire area on a regular basis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.petertandy.co.uk/dieselunits.htm|title=Untitled|website=www.petertandy.co.uk}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
* On 25 January 1963, a set working the Grantham - Lincoln Central service collided with the rear (tender) of a stationary Class B1 steam locomotive near Bracebridge Gas Sidings Signalbox near Lincoln. Two people were killed and three injured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/eventsummary.php?eventID=358|title=Accident at Bracebridge Gas Sidings on 25th January 1963 :: The Railways Archive|website=www.railwaysarchive.co.uk}}</ref>
* On 12 February 1968, the 06:48 Sheffield - Cleethorpes was hit in the rear by a coal train ran. The Class 114 had a parcel van as a tail load which took the force of the impact, but the rear cab was still severely crushed.
* On 28 November 1969, 50031 + 56031 ran through level crossing gates at Great Coates level crossing near Grimsby, striking a Dodge articulated lorry and carrying it 46 feet into the station. 3 people needed hospital treatment. The driver had run a red signal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/docsummary.php?docID=449|title=Report on the Accident that occurred on 28th November 1969 at Great Coates Level Crossing near Grimsby in the Eastern Region British Railways :: The Railways Archive|website=www.railwaysarchive.co.uk}}</ref>
* On 28 January 1970, 56020 & 50020, travelling at 50mph, struck a tanker traversing Dowdyke Bank level crossing between Spalding & Boston.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/docsummary.php?docID=447|title=Report on the Accident that occurred on 28th January 1970 at Dowdyke Bank Level Crossing between Spalding and Boston in the Eastern Region British Railways :: The Railways Archive|website=www.railwaysarchive.co.uk}}</ref>
* On 9 December 1983, 53049 + 54049 working the 17:32 Cleethorpes - Sheffield collided with the 15:02 Drax - Lindsey (900-tons of empty oil tanks hauled by 47299) at [[Wrawby Junction rail crash|Wrawby junction]], a convergence of lines just outside Barnetby, Lincolnshire. One passenger was killed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/DoT_Wrawby1983.pdf |title=Accident report |website=www.railwaysarchive.co.uk |access-date=2020-06-25}}</ref>
* On 26 July 1986, 53016 + 54034, coupled to Class 105 54434 + 51278, collided with a van that had driven onto [[Lockington rail crash|Lockington Level Crossing]] against flashing lights. 54434 derailed and ran down the embankment, turning 180 degrees before coming to rest on its side. All vehicles were badly damaged. Nine people were killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/docsummary.php?docID=399|title=Report on the Derailment that occurred on 26th July 1986 at Lockington Level Crossing in the Eastern Region British Railways :: The Railways Archive|website=www.railwaysarchive.co.uk}}</ref>

==Prototype unit==
In addition to the 49 production units, a fiftieth two-car unit (cars 50000 and 56000) was built to test the Rolls-Royce engine type and [[Twin Disc]] hydraulic transmission later used on the [[British Rail Class 127|Class 127]] units. Initially the unit underwent trials on the Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith railway in early 1957, but was subsequently also allocated to Lincoln and worked the same diagrams as the other 49.  The unit was withdrawn in October 1967 as it was deemed to be non-standard, thus never received an official [[TOPS]] class designation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://internationalmagazinecentre.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Rail-Express.pdf |title=Rail express |website=internationalmagazinecentre.com |access-date=2020-06-25}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Table of orders and numbers
! Lot No. || Type !! Diagram !! Qty !! Fleet numbers !! Weight !! Notes
|-
| 30209 || Driving Motor Brake Second (DMBS) || 516 || 48 || 50001–50048 || {{long ton|37|10}} || 
|-
| 30210 || Driving Trailer Composite with lavatory (DTCL) || 641 || 49 || 56001–56049 || {{long ton|29|10}} || 
|-
| 30341 || Driving Motor Brake Second (DMBS) || 632 || 1 || 50000 || {{long ton|41|3}} || 
|-
| 30342 || Driving Trailer Composite with lavatory (DTCL) || 641 || 1 || 56000 ||  {{long ton|31|3}} || 
|-
| 30459 || Driving Motor Brake Second (DMBS) || 516 || 1 || 50049 || {{long ton|37|10}} || 
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Table of engines fitted
! Vehicle number !! Engine
|-
| 50000 || Two (2) [[Rolls-Royce Limited|Rolls-Royce]] {{convert|238|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} engines and torque converter drives
|-
| 50001–50048|| Two (2) [[Leyland Motors|Leyland]] {{convert|150|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} engines initially, but later were replaced by two {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[British United Traction|BUT]] engines.
|-
| 50049 || Two (2) [[Albion Motors|Albion]] {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} engines
|}

==Withdrawal==
The units were replaced by newer [[List of British Rail diesel multiple unit classes#Sprinters|"Sprinter" units]] in the late 1980s. By 1992, only two units were still in service, based at [[Tyseley]] depot in [[Birmingham]], and all were withdrawn by July of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.railcar.co.uk/type/class-114/operations|title=Class 114 DMU Operations|website=www.railcar.co.uk}}</ref> The final set, T027, was eventually preserved at [[Midland Railway Centre]], [[Butterley]].{{cn|date=April 2022}}

==Non-passenger use==
[[File:DMU (8957948645).jpg|thumb|right|{{Abbr|No.|Number}} 55930 in Royal Mail livery]]
Five units were rebuilt as parcels units with [[roller-shutter]] doors in 1988. These were repainted in Royal Mail red livery, and were based at [[Cambridge]] depot. They were withdrawn in 1991. Four of the units were scrapped, whilst the fifth was rebuilt as a test train for the new [[automatic train protection|ATP]]. This unit passed into [[English Welsh and Scottish Railway|EWS]] ownership with the privatisation of Britain's railways. It was then used in a new role of a route-learner unit, until it was withdrawn in 2002. It was eventually preserved in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.igg.org.uk/rail/00-app3-4/ap3-dmu.htm|title=Diesel Multiple Units|website=www.igg.org.uk}}</ref>

Parcels cars - converted in 1986 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Original number !! 2nd TOPS number !! Parcel number !! Parcel number2
|-
|50010||53010|| 55930||
|-
|50015||53015|| 55929||
|-
|50018||53018||55928||
|-
|50032||53032||55932||
|-
|50040||53040||55931||
|-
|56009||54009||54903|| 
|-
|56015||54015||54904|| 
|-
|56016||54016||54901|| 
|-
|56034||54034||55933||54900 
|-
|56036||54036||55932||54902
|}

All were allocated to CA. Initially only the seats were removed, although later a more substantial conversion was carried out, including the fitting of roller shutter doors, with two sets of these on the DTCs where the vestibules/passenger doors had been.

==Departmental==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Original number !! 2nd TOPS number !! Parcel number !! Department number !! Usage
|-
|50015||53015||55929||ADB977775||ATP Test Unit
|-
|50036||53036||-||977769||- 
|-
|56015||54015||54904||977776||ATP Test Unit
|-
||56027||54027||-|| 977770||-
|}

ADB 977775/6 were converted into an Automatic Train Protection demonstration train and fitted with both types of ATP systems from the BR pilot schemes c1991. Following the abandonment of ATP development, the unit found a new lease of life with EWS as a route learning and inspection saloon based initially at Margam South Wales.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

==Preservation==
[[File:56006 at Kidderminster.JPG|thumb|56006 at Kidderminster]]
Only two sets have been preserved on [[heritage railway]]s.

{| class="wikitable"
!align=center colspan=2|Vehicles numbers
!rowspan=2 align=center|Set number
!rowspan=2 align=left|Location
!rowspan=2 align=left|Comments
|-
!DMBS
!DTCL
|-
|align=center|50019
|align=center|56006
|align=center|T027
|[[Midland Railway - Butterley]]
|align=left|-
|-
|align=center|50015
|align=center|56015
|align=center|CA924
|[[Midland Railway - Butterley]]
|align=left|<small>Rebuilt to parcels unit 55929+54904. Later rebuilt to test unit 977775+977776.</small>
|-
|align=center|-
|align=center|54047
|align=center|TS022
|[[Strathspey Railway (preserved)|Strathspey Railway]]
|align=left|-
|-
|}

==References==
{{clear}}
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
*Motive Power Recognition: 3 DMUs. Colin J. Marsden
*British Railway Pictorial: First Generation DMUs. Kevin Robertson
*British Rail Fleet Survey 8: Diesel Multiple Units- The First Generation. Brian Haresnape
*A Pictorial Record of British Railways Diesel Multiple Units. Brian Golding

==External links==
{{commons category|British Rail Class 114}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040928223955/http://www.mrt-railcargroup.co.uk/ Midland Railway Trust Railcar Group - owners of units 50019+56006 and 56015+50015.]
*[http://www.railcar.co.uk/ The Railcar Association]
<!-- if anyone sees an irrelevant link to the preserved carriage database, can you zap it-->

{{British Rail DMU}}

[[Category:British Rail diesel multiple units|114]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1957]]