View source for British Rail Class 170

{{Short description|British diesel multiple-unit train by Bombardier}}
{{original research|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox train
| background = 
| name = British Rail Class 170<br />''Turbostar''
| image = 170461 at Knaresborough 260623 (53003817811).jpg
| imagealt = 
| imagesize = 
| caption = A [[Northern Trains]] Class 170/4 at {{rws|Knaresborough}}
| interiorimage = File:Refurbished EMR 170 interior.jpg
| interiorcaption = The interior of a refurbished [[East Midlands Railway]] Class 170
| stocktype = 
| service = 30 May 1999{{snd}}present
| manufacturer = {{ubl|[[Adtranz]]|[[Bombardier Transportation]]}}
| designer = 
| assembly = 
| ordernumber = 
| factory = [[Derby Litchurch Lane Works]]
| family = [[Bombardier Turbostar|''Turbostar'']]
| replaced = {{ubl|{{brc|142}}|{{brc|143}}|{{brc|144}}|{{brc|150}}|{{brc|153}}|{{brc|156}}|{{brc|158}}|{{brc|205}}|{{brc|207}}|{{brc|310}}}}
| yearconstruction = 1998–2005
| yearservice = 
| refurbishment = 
| yearscrapped = 
| numberconstruction = 
| numberbuilt = 139
| numberservice = {{ubl|122<ref name="Rail1009">{{cite magazine |title=Turbostar refurbishment to extend beyond 2040? |department= Network News |magazine=[[Rail Magazine]] |issue=1009 |date=15 May 2024 |page=14}}</ref>|(9 converted to {{brc|168}}, {{nowrap|8 converted to {{brc|171}})}}}}
| numberpreserved = 
| numberscrapped = 
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| formation = 2 or 3 cars per unit
| diagram = 
| code = 
| fleetnumbers = 
| capacity = 
| owner = {{ubl|[[Eversholt Rail Group]]|[[Porterbrook]]}}
| operator = {{ubl|[[CrossCountry]]|[[East Midlands Railway]]|[[Northern Trains]]|[[ScotRail]]}}
| depots = {{ubl||[[Tyseley TMD]]<ref>{{cite magazine |title=New maintenance contract for 170s |department= News |magazine=[[Today's Railways UK]] |issue=268 |date=June 2024 |page=10}}</ref>|[[Derby Etches Park]]|[[Nottingham Eastcroft]]|[[Botanic Gardens TMD|Botanic Gardens]] ([[Kingston upon Hull]])<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sherratt |first=Philip |title= Northern builds for the future |magazine=[[Modern Railways]] |issue=907 |volume=81 |date=April 2024 |pages=66–70}}</ref>|[[Neville Hill TMD|Neville Hill]] ([[Leeds]])<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Pickering |first=Graeme |title=Neville Hill<br>125 years old and still evolving |magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]] |issue=1478 |volume=170 |date=May 2024 |pages=47–51}}</ref>|[[Haymarket Depot|Edinburgh Haymarket]]}}
| lines = 
| carbody = [[Welding|Welded]] [[aluminium]], {{avoid wrap|with [[steel]] body ends<ref name="Bombardier_170">{{cite web |url=http://bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/projects/details?docID=0901260d80012880 |title=Turbostar – United Kingdom |publisher=Bombardier Transportation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613200455/http://bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/projects/details?docID=0901260d80012880 |archive-date=13 June 2011 |access-date=13 December 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
| trainlength = 
| carlength = {{ubl|DM vehs.: {{convert|23.62|m|ftin|abbr=on}}|MS vehs.: {{convert|23.61|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="pbrook">{{cite book |title=Class 170 & 171 Diesel Multiple Unit |date=September 2013 |publisher=Porterbrook Leasing Company |location=Derby |edition=1A |url=http://www.porterbrook.co.uk:80/downloads/brochures/170%20Brochure.pdf |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060147/http://www.porterbrook.co.uk:80/downloads/brochures/170%20Brochure.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2015 |format=PDF<!--Deny Citation Bot-->}}</ref>}}
| width = {{convert|2.69|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="pbrook" />
| height = {{convert|3.77|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="pbrook" />
| lowfloor = 
| floorheight = 
| platformheight = 
| entrylevelorstep = 
| doors = Double-leaf sliding plug {{avoid wrap|(2 per side per car)}}
| wheeldiameter = 
| wheelbase = 
| maxspeed = {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}<ref name="eversholt">{{cite web |url=https://eversholtrail.co.uk/fleet/class-170-and-171/ |title=Class 170 and 171 |publisher=Eversholt Rail Group |publication-place=London |access-date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203111908/https://eversholtrail.co.uk/fleet/class-170-and-171/ |archive-date=3 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| weight = 
| axleload = 
| steep gradient = 
| traction = 
| engine = 2 or 3 × [[MTU Friedrichshafen|MTU]] 6R{{narrow no-break space}}183{{narrow no-break space}}TD{{narrow no-break space}}13H<ref name="mtu-power">{{cite book |title=MTU Rail Power for the UK & Ireland |date=September 2018 |publisher=MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH |page=2 |url=https://www.rolls-royce.com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/customers/power-system/Karte_England_MTU-Bahnprojekte_EN_2018_lay2.pdf |access-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203140508/https://www.rolls-royce.com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/customers/power-system/Karte_England_MTU-Bahnprojekte_EN_2018_lay2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2022 |format=PDF<!--Deny Citation Bot-->}}</ref> {{avoid wrap|(one per car)}}
| enginetype = [[Straight engine|Inline-6]] [[Four-stroke engine|4-stroke]] [[turbo-diesel]]
| displacement = 
| poweroutput = {{convert|315|kW|hp|abbr=on}} per engine
| tractiveeffort = 
| transmission = [[Voith]] T{{narrow no-break space}}211{{narrow no-break space}}rzze [[Hydrokinetic transmission|hydrokinetic]] {{avoid wrap|(one per vehicle)}}
| acceleration = max. {{convert|0.5|m/s2|abbr=on}}<ref name="eversholt"/>
| deceleration = 
| aux = 
| powersupply = 
| hvac = 
| electricsystem = 
| collectionmethod = 
| uicclass = 
| bogies = {{ubl|Adtranz/Bombardier|Powered: P3-23|Unpowered: T3-23}}
| minimum curve = 
| brakes = [[Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains|Electro-pneumatic]] ([[Disc brake#Rail and aircraft|disc]])
| safety = {{ubl|[[Automatic Warning System|AWS]]|[[Train Protection & Warning System|TPWS]]}}
| coupling = [[BSI coupling|BSI]]<ref name="sd001">{{cite book |title=System Data for Mechanical and Electrical Coupling of Rail Vehicles in support of GM/RT2190 |date=22 June 2011 |id=SD001 |publisher=Rail Safety and Standards Board |location=London |page=4 |url=http://www.rssb.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/rv_coupling_system_data/SD001.pdf |access-date=22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401203135/http://www.rssb.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/rv_coupling_system_data/SD001.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2012 |format=PDF<!--Deny Citation Bot--> |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| multipleworking = Within class, plus Classes [[Pacer (British Rail)|14x]] {{avoid wrap|,[[Sprinter (British Rail)|15x]]}} and [[British Rail Class 172|172]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
| notes = 
}}

The '''British Rail Class 170 ''Turbostar''''' is a British [[diesel multiple unit#Diesel–hydraulic|diesel-hydraulic multiple unit]] passenger train designed and built by [[Adtranz]], and later by [[Bombardier Transportation]], at [[Derby Litchurch Lane Works]].

The Class 170 was derived from the {{brc|165|f}} and {{brc|166|n}} DMUs, known as the [[Networker (train)|''Networker Turbos'']], of the 1990s. The first units were introduced to service in May 1999, shortly after the [[privatisation of British Rail]]; they have been commonly used to operate regional as well as long-distance services, and to a lesser extent suburban services. A total of 139 units were built, but some were later converted to {{brc|168}} and {{brc|171}} units. These trains are currently in use with [[CrossCountry]], [[East Midlands Railway]], [[Northern Trains]] and [[ScotRail]].

==Design==
[[File:British Rail Class 170 driving cab.JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.75|Driving cab of a 170/2]]
The Class 170 [[diesel multiple unit]] (DMU) is a development of the design used in the {{brc|165|f}} and {{brc|166|n}} DMUs known as the [[Networker (train)|''Networker Turbos'']] and built by [[British Rail Engineering Limited]] and later ABB Transportation  before that company became part of Bombardier.

Notable features shared are the aluminium alloy frame and [[Voith]] transmission as well as the general body shape (the cab ends are similar to those of the {{brc|168}}, but not Class 165/166), interior design and door fittings. The final drive is sourced from [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]] instead of [[Gmeinder]] and the diesel-engine supplier is [[MTU Friedrichshafen|MTU]].<ref name="Bombardier_170" />

The engine and transmission are located under the body. One [[bogie]] per coach is powered. All coaches in the set are powered when in use (there are no unpowered trailers). The units can work in multiple with trains in the 15X series, i.e. ''[[Sprinter (British Rail)|Sprinters]]'' and 14X ''[[Pacer (British Rail)|Pacers]]'' (the latter empty only), and with other units of the same class. They are unable to operate in multiple with units in the 16X series due to different wiring arrangements.<ref name="tubra">{{cite web |title=Class 170 'Turbostar' |url=http://www.therailwaycentre.com/New%20DMU%20Tech%20Data%20/DMU_170.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027140627/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/New%20DMU%20Tech%20Data%20/DMU_170.html |archive-date=27 October 2007}}</ref>

Seating arrangements are of both 2+1 (first class) and 2+2 (standard class) formation, and give a seated passenger capacity of between ~100 and ~200 per three-car set (depending on the specifications of the operator).<ref name="Bombardier_170"/> Two-car sets are also operated.

===Subclasses===
Class 170 units have been categorised into six (originally seven) sub-classes; the basic specifications remain the same (engine, length, transmission, etc.), the differences being the seating arrangements specified by the different operators. Because of the different interior fittings the sub-classes differ in weight from one another by a small amount, up to around 2{{nbsp}}tonnes.<ref name="tubra"/>

All the sub-classes were built at [[Derby Litchurch Lane Works]] either under [[Adtranz]] or [[Bombardier Transportation]] ownership.<ref name="tubra"/> The change of ownership occurred in 2001, but early Bombardier units (such as the 2002 two-car 170/2 Phase 2 units) still display ADtranz branding, such as on the window glazing, due to use of backstocked parts.

==Current operations==
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2024}}
Most units are owned by [[Porterbrook]], although units 170416–424 are owned by [[Eversholt Rail Group]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pritchard |first1=Robert |last2=Hall |first2=Peter |title=British Railways Locomotives & Coaching Stock 2013 |year=2013 |publisher=[[Platform 5]] |location=Sheffield |isbn=978-1-909431-02-7 |pages=234–238 }}</ref> They are leased to the [[train operating company|train operating companies]].

=== ScotRail ===
[[File:170427 and 170425 at Kingussie 180624 (53800513129).jpg|thumb|left|Two [[ScotRail]] Class 170/4s at {{rws|Kingussie}} in June 2024]]
[[ScotRail]] was at one point the largest operator of the Class 170, with a fleet that formerly comprised 59 three-car sets but has since been reduced to 34 sets. All units are allocated to [[Haymarket TMD|Edinburgh Haymarket depot]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davey |first=Arianne |date=17 February 2023 |title=A grand plan for Scotland's railways |url=https://www.railexpress.co.uk/12878/a-grand-plan-for-scotlands-railways/#:~:text=The%20Class%20170s%20are%20allocated,or%20paired%20with%20Class%20320s. |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=[[Rail Express]]}}</ref>

The first Class 170s in Scotland were 24 units built for [[ScotRail (National Express)]] between 1999 and 2001 (170401–170424), which had first-class accommodation for use on ScotRail Express services (i.e. the Edinburgh–Glasgow Queen Street shuttle) and Aberdeen/Inverness–Glasgow/Edinburgh services. A further ten similar units (170425–170434) were built in 2003{{ndash}}2004 to complete the conversion of ScotRail Express services from Class 158 to Class 170 operation. By the time the second batch entered service the franchise had passed to [[First ScotRail]].

Two standard-class only units were provided for [[Strathclyde Partnership for Transport]] (SPT) services from Glasgow Queen Street in 2001 (170470–170471), followed in 2004{{ndash}}2005 by seven more units for SPT (170472–170478) and 12 similar units for Edinburgh commuter services (170450–170461).  In December 2008, six of the standard-class-only units (170450–170455) were fitted with first-class sections, and two more (170456 and 170457) were fitted with first class in December 2011.

A further four three-car sets (170393–170396) with first class accommodation and 'mini-buffets', were obtained from [[Hull Trains]] in 2005, bringing the First ScotRail Class 170 fleet up to a peak of 59 three-car sets.  The former Hull Trains units were initially used on ScotRail Express services to Inverness, but by 2012 the buffets were out of use and all four units were converted to standard class only.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

The nine units built for SPT services were delivered in SPT livery, whereas the rest of the fleet carried First ScotRail livery (170401–170424 having originally worn the National Express ScotRail 'swoosh' livery). In September 2008, the [[Scottish Government]]'s agency [[Transport Scotland]] announced that all ScotRail trains (including from the [[Strathclyde Partnership for Transport]]) would eventually be repainted in a new blue livery with white [[Saltire]] markings on the carriage ends.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ScotRail-25th-anniversary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009164352/http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ScotRail-25th-anniversary |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2008 |title=ScotRail 25th Anniversary Publicity Materials - Transport Scotland |date=9 October 2008 |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref>

In April 2015, the ScotRail franchise passed from First to Abellio, and nine units owned by Eversholt went off-lease.  Five of these units (170416–170420) remained in Scotland on short-term lease to Abellio ScotRail (albeit with ScotRail branding removed) until their transfer to [[East Midlands Railway]] in 2020, whilst the other four units (170421–170424) were converted into Class 171s for their new operator Southern.<ref name=Rail772>{{cite magazine |title=Scottish Class 170/4s move south after transfer to Southern |magazine=[[Rail Magazine]] |issue=772 |date=15 April 2015 |page=12}}</ref>

As a result of the electrification of the Edinburgh to Glasgow Queen Street line in 2018 and the conversion of ScotRail Express services to Aberdeen and Inverness to [[InterCity 125|HSTs]] in 2018{{ndash}}2019, the Class 170s are being displaced from ScotRail Express routes. Additionally, electrification of most of the Glasgow Queen Street (High Level) commuter lines and of the Edinburgh to Dunblane route will see Class 170s displaced from these services once the {{brc|385}} EMU fleet is fully operational.  Some of the surplus Class 170s will be cascaded to other ScotRail services replacing older {{brc|156}} and {{brc|158|n}} units, but 16 units were transferred to [[Arriva Rail North]] (170453–170461 and 170472–170478). The first four of these units moved to Northern in March 2018, followed by a further four in August 2018.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/rail-news/northern-takes-delivery-of-two-scotrail-class-170s |title=Northern takes delivery of two ScotRail Class 170s |magazine=Rail Technology Magazine |date=12 March 2018 |access-date=2 April 2018 |archive-date=2 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402163130/http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/rail-news/northern-takes-delivery-of-two-scotrail-class-170s |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== CrossCountry ===
[[File:170111 near Great Shelford.jpg|thumb|right|[[CrossCountry]] Class 170/1 (first livery and refurbishment) at [[Great Shelford]] in December 2010]]
[[CrossCountry]] currently operates 29 Class 170 Turbostars (seven two-car and 22 three-car) on services between Cardiff Central and Nottingham, and between Birmingham, Leicester, and Stansted Airport.<ref>{{cite web |title=Revitalised inter-regional CrossCountry fleet to transform journeys {{!}} CrossCountry |url=https://www.crosscountrytrains.co.uk/about-us/press/revitalised-inter-regional-crosscountry-fleet-to-transform-journeys |website=CrossCountry Trains |access-date=28 July 2025 |ref=1}}</ref> After having been acquired from [[Central Trains]] in 2007 (as 13 two-car and 16 three-car units, but since reconfigured - see below), these units were refurbished in 2008, with the then-three-car units repainted at Marcroft Engineering, [[Stoke-on-Trent]], the then-two-car units at [[DB Cargo UK|EWS']] [[Toton TMD|Toton]] depot and the interiors done by Transys Projects, [[Clacton-on-Sea]] including the fitting of first-class seating to the Class 170/5s and 170/6s.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.crosscountrytrains.co.uk/about-us/press/refurbishment-of-class-170-turbostar-trains-begins |title=Refurbishment of Class 170 Turbostar trains begins |publisher=CrossCountry Trains |date=30 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.crosscountrytrains.co.uk/about-us/press/crosscountry's-first-refreshed-turbostar-enters-service |title=CrossCountry's first refurbished Turbostar enters service |publisher=CrossCountry Trains |date= 19 May 2008 |access-date=17 January 2013 |archive-date=26 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226205817/http://www.crosscountrytrains.co.uk/about-us/press/crosscountry's-first-refreshed-turbostar-enters-service |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2021, the centre cars from the six formerly three-car ex-[[West Midlands Trains|West Midlands Railway]] (WMR) 170s were transferred to CrossCountry and inserted into six of its formerly two-car units,<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Clinnick |first1=Richard |title=Government and CrossCountry work on train capacity plan |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/government-and-crosscountry-work-on-train-capacity-plan |magazine=Rail Magazine|access-date=28 July 2025}}</ref> turning them into three-car units while retaining the CrossCountry driving vehicles' first class, due to the ex-WMR driving vehicles being standard class-only (East Midlands Railway had leased the aforementioned ex-WMR units, but only required two-car units from that batch, therefore CrossCountry was able to utilise the surplus centre cars).<ref>{{cite magazine |title=First Lengthened XC170 |magazine=Modern Railways |issue=869 |date=February 2021 |page=84}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Turbostar shuffle |magazine=Railways Illustrated |date=August 2021 |page=15}}</ref> This resulted in a reconfiguration of CrossCountry's 29 170s from their previous 13 two-car and 16 three-car units, to their current seven two-car and 22 three-car units. The extra centre cars were re-liveried and internally refurbished to match the units they were inserted into.

[[File:170101 BHM 2025.jpg|thumb|[[CrossCountry]] Class 170/1 (newest livery and mid-life refurbishment) at {{rws|Birmingham New Street}} in March 2025]]

In February 2025, 170101, the first CrossCountry 170 to receive the operator's second, mid-life refurbishment, re-entered service. This refurbishment includes an exterior repaint in a new livery, an interior repaint and new seats (including the replacement of the former first class 2+1 seating - declassified since late 2024 - with 2+2 seating, which also makes up for the wheelchair and bicycle spaces now being separate rather than shared). It also includes new tables and carpets, full-length installation of 3-pin AC power sockets and USB DC power sockets of types A and C, new interior passenger information screens and new CCTV and passenger counting, as well as 'refreshed' toilets.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.porterbrook.co.uk/news/first-refurbished-turbostar-back-in-service-with-crosscountry|title=First refurbished Turbostar back in service with CrossCountry |publisher=Porterbrook Leasing Company Limited |date=5 March 2025 |access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.modernrailways.com/article/crosscountry-sets-out-fleet-transformation-plans|title=CrossCountry sets out fleet transformation plans |publisher=Modern Railways (Key Publishing Limited) |date=25 April 2024 |access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref>

=== Northern Trains ===
[[File:Class 170 Northern at Doncaster.jpg|thumb|[[Arriva Rail North]] Class 170/4 at {{rws|Doncaster}} in May 2019]]
[[Arriva Rail North]] began operating the Class 170 in 2018, with a total of 16 three-car units (170453-170461 and 170472-170478) received from [[Abellio ScotRail]] by January 2019. These can now be seen operating services between Sheffield and Scarborough via Hull and have diagrams around the Harrogate Loop, on which they share duties with Class 158 DMUs. The units are maintained at [[Neville Hill TMD]] and [[Botanic Gardens TMD]], and receive light maintenance at Sheffield.

On 1 March 2020, these units transferred to new operator [[Northern Trains]].

=== East Midlands Railway ===
[[File:EMR Class 170 Nottingham.jpg|thumb|[[East Midlands Railway|EMR]] Class 170/5 at {{rws|Nottingham}} in March 2024]]
[[East Midlands Railway]] currently operates the largest fleet of 170s, which consists of 43 total two-car and three-car sets, even though it has only been a 170 operator since 2020.

From 23 March 2020, East Midlands Railway received its first two Class 170 units in the form of three-car 170416 and 170417, when they moved from [[Abellio ScotRail]]. The former was seen in EMR livery on 30 April 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=First Class 170 in East Midlands Railways livery arrives in Nottingham – Rail Insider |url=https://www.railinsider.co.uk/2020/05/01/first-class-170-in-east-midlands-railways-livery-arrives-in-nottingham/ |access-date=15 December 2020 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128022926/https://www.railinsider.co.uk/2020/05/01/first-class-170-in-east-midlands-railways-livery-arrives-in-nottingham/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Unit 170417, named ''[[Key worker|The Key Worker]]'', was the first unit to enter service, doing so on 2 November 2020 on the Robin Hood line, as part of EMR's soft launch of the class.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2020 |title=East Midlands Railway introduces first of new regional train fleet |url=https://www.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/help-manage/about-us/news-press/east-midlands-railway-introduces-first-of-new-regional-train-fleet |access-date=17 December 2020 |website=East Midlands Railway}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=East Midlands Railway introduces first of its regional Class 170s |magazine=[[Rail Magazine]] |issue=918 |date=18 November 2020 |page=30}}</ref>

Alongside units 170418–170420 (also from ScotRail), as EMR had planned to become the largest operator of the Class 170, a further 23 units arrived from [[West Midlands Trains]] as well as 12 from [[Transport for Wales Rail]]. The 170s have replaced units of classes {{brc|153|n}} and {{brc|156|n}}.<ref name=":0"/>

In September 2022, three {{brc|171|s}}, having been reformed to three-car formations and renumbered to 170422–170424, transferred from [[Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway)|Southern]] to East Midlands Railway. They were then renumbered with 1709xx unit numbers before entering service, in order to emphasise the difference between them and the rest of the fleet, as they had Dellner couplers rather than BSI couplers, so they were not compatible with the rest of the fleet.<ref name=":1">{{cite magazine |date=October 2022 |title=EMR Evolves for the Future |magazine=[[Modern Railways]] |page=52}}</ref> They regained their identities as 170/4s when BSI couplers were fitted in May 2023 and they can now work with the rest of the fleet instead of being on self contained diagrams.<ref name=":4">{{Cite tweet |number=385365654 |user=Modern_Railways |title=The three former @SouthernRailUK Turbostars which have transferred to @EastMidRailway have now had their couplers changed and can work with the rest of their fleet rather than having their own diagrams. This one is on a Leicester - Grimsby this afternoon |author=Modern Railways |date=2 May 2023 |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref>

A refurbishment program for the East Midlands units are ongoing, with the first unit completed its refurbishment and re-entered service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Launch of the first refurbished Class 170 with EMR · Porterbrook |url=https://www.porterbrook.co.uk/news/launch-of-the-first-refurbished-class-170-with-emr |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=Porterbrook}}</ref>

==Former operations==
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2024}}

=== Midland Mainline ===
[[File:170110 and 170117 at Derby.JPG|thumb|right|A pair of [[Midland Mainline (train operating company)|Midland Mainline]] Class 170/1s at {{rws|Derby}} in September 2003]]
[[Midland Mainline (train operating company)|Midland Mainline]] (MML) was the first operator to order Turbostars, the first being delivered in November 1998 and entering service in May 1999.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://railm.blob.core.windows.net/website/1/news/rail-344-turbostar-unveiled.png |title=Adtranz launches Turbostar for Midland Mainline |magazine=Rail |issue=344 |last=Sales |first=Andy |date=18 November 1998 |access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref> The Class 170/1 units were built immediately after the {{brc|168|0}} units were built for [[Chiltern Railways]]. MML ordered a fleet of 17 two-car Class 170 units, although the first ten were subsequently made up of three cars each instead. These were numbered 170101–117. The units were introduced on stopping services from {{rws|London St Pancras}} to {{rws|Leicester}}, {{rws|Derby}} and {{rws|Nottingham}}. They were also used on summer Saturday services from London to {{rws|York}}, which later became a year-round service with summer extension to {{stnlink|Scarborough}}. Class 170s were also used on direct services between London St Pancras and {{rws|Matlock}}, these services ended upon the replacement of the Class 170s with new {{brc|222}} ''Meridian'' units due to weight restrictions on the [[Derwent Valley line]] to Matlock.

In 2004, Midland Mainline introduced new Class 222 ''Meridian'' units, which started to replace the ''Turbostars''. As a result, the fleet was transferred to sister company [[Central Trains]]. Ten units (170101–170110) are three-car units, and the remaining seven units (170111–170117) are two-car units. As with the three spot-hire units from Porterbrook, these 17 units had first-class accommodation, which was declassified.

===Govia Thameslink Railway===
[[File:Southern-170725-uckfield-feb04-colin-duff.jpg|thumb|[[Southern (train operating company)|Southern]] Class 170/7 no. 170725 arriving in {{rws|Uckfield}} in February 2004]]
[[Southern (train operating company)|Southern]] obtained six two-car Class 170/7 units, along with six four-car {{brc|171|8}} units, in 2003 to replace its slam-door {{brc|205}} and {{brc|207}} units on services on the [[Marshlink Line]] and [[Oxted Line]] to {{rws|Uckfield}}.

Southern later{{when|date=March 2023}} fitted these units with the [[Dellner coupling|Dellner type coupler]] used on its Class 171s, reclassifying its two-car units as {{brc|171|7}}, replacing the standard BSI coupler fitted to Class 170s. This was done to allow them to couple to {{brc|377|s}} in an emergency.

Southern later{{when|date=March 2023}} acquired 170392 from South West Trains, which became its tenth four-car, 171730. This unit had already carried Southern livery, being ordered as an add-on to a Southern order to save costs, and was delivered accordingly in Southern livery as 170727. It was renumbered and reliveried at Ashford Chart Leacon Works before entering traffic.

At the end of the [[First ScotRail]] franchise in March 2015, 170416 to 170424 were returned to Eversholt Rail Group. The first five units then remained on hire to [[Abellio ScotRail]] via a sublease arrangement until March 2020, while 170421 to 170424 moved to [[Wolverton Works]] in April 2015. They were overhauled and converted to Class 171s intended for Southern. Following issues with the conversion and reliability issues, the remaining units were then handed back to Eversholt Rail Group where they were then re-leased to [[East Midlands Railway]].<ref name="Rail772" /><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Extra Turbostars for Southern |magazine=[[Today's Railways UK]] |issue=162 |date=June 2015 |page=63}}</ref> Two became two-car 171/2s and two four-car Class 171/4s.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Southern 171s |magazine=Rail Magazine |issue=804 |date=6 July 2016 |page=30}}</ref> All four were returned to Eversholt in 2022 and leased to East Midlands Railway. Having been reformed back into their original three-carriage formations, the first three were transferred in September 2022. They will be converted back to Class 170s and resume their original identities, while the fourth will remain on sublease to [[Govia Thameslink Railway]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Four GTR Turbostars moving to EMR |magazine=Modern Railways |issue=884 June 2022 |page=102}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Russell|first=David|title=Class 171 Turbostar|department=Units|magazine=Rail Express |issue=317 |date=October 2022 |page=27}}</ref>

=== Hull Trains ===
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2025}}
[[File:Hull Trains 170.jpg|thumb|right|A Class 170/3 operated by [[Hull Trains]]]]
[[Hull Trains]] began its {{rws|London King's Cross}} to Hull services in September 2000 using Turbostars, initially with four sets on short-term lease from [[Anglia Railways]]. In 2004, it received four of its own three-car Class 170/3 units, and returned the original units to Anglia.

In 2005, following its acquisition by [[FirstGroup]], Hull Trains received four new {{brc|222|1}} ''Pioneer'' units and transferred the Turbostars to its sister company [[First ScotRail]].

=== South West Trains ===
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2025}}
[[File:Steve Jones SWT turbostar 5240115547.jpg|thumb|[[South West Trains]] Class 170/3 at [[Clapham Junction railway station|Clapham Junction]] in September 2001]]
[[South West Trains]] (SWT) acquired a fleet of eight two-car Class 170/3 units in 2000 (later to nine units supplemented by ex-Southern 170392), to supplement its existing {{brc|159}} fleet. Units operated on {{rws|London Waterloo}} to {{rws|Salisbury}}, {{rws|Reading}} to {{rws|Brighton}}, [[Southampton]] local services, and occasionally on services to {{rws|Exeter St Davids}}, though this was not a regular route for these units, as they do not feature end gangways, making it difficult to provide trolley services, and they lacked selective door opening for the short platforms at stations on the route west of Salisbury. All but one of these units were transferred to First TransPennine Express at the end of 2006, in exchange for some {{brc|158}} Express Sprinters. Unit 170392 was transferred back to its original intended operator Southern and has since been reclassified and renumbered from 170392 to 171730.

=== Central Trains ===
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2025}}
[[File:170513 at Portway 2003 5295735955 Jones.jpg|thumb|right| [[Central Trains]] Class 170/5 in [[Robin Hood Line]] livery in August 2003]]
[[Central Trains]] operated a fleet of 53 Class 170 units from various subclasses. In 1999, Central received its first batch of twenty-three two-car Class 170/5 and ten three-car Class 170/6 units. These were used to replace {{brc|156}} units on various longer-distance services.

From late 2004, Central also took three Class 170/3 on lease from [[Porterbrook]]. Units 170397–8 are three-car units and 170399 is a two-car unit. All three of these units contained first-class accommodation, which was declassified (allowing standard-class use throughout the train), as [[first class travel]] was not provided on Central Trains services. The two three-car units' interiors were of Central Trains style, except the MML-style first class, and the two-car unit had a South West Trains interior. After the [[Central Trains]] franchise ended, the two three-car units (170397 and 170398) remained with the new operator, CrossCountry. The one two-car unit was returned to Porterbrook, which subsequently leased it to [[First TransPennine Express]] who renumbered the unit to 170309.

[[File:170 399 at Stafford 6149022183.jpg|thumb|Central Trains Class 170/3 at {{rws|Stafford}} in August 2003]]

All Class 170 units in service with Central were used on a variety of services (mostly long-distance) including {{rws|Birmingham|New Street}}–{{rws|Stansted Airport}}, {{rws|Nottingham}}–{{rws|Cardiff|Central}} and Birmingham–{{rws|Leicester}}. Class 170 units have been replaced by {{brc|350}} [[Siemens Desiro|''Desiro'']] units on Birmingham New Street to {{rws|Liverpool Lime Street}} services.

When Central Trains lost its franchise in 2007, 23 of Central Trains' units (17 two-coach and six three-coach) were transferred to [[London Midland]], which took over the West Midlands franchise and continued to use Class 170s for services on the [[Chase Line]], Birmingham to Hereford via Bromsgrove Line and Shrewsbury services. 29 out of the remaining 30 units (including the ex-Midland Mainline units and two out of the three spot hire units) were transferred to [[CrossCountry]], which took over the Cardiff-Birmingham-Nottingham and Birmingham-Leicester-Stansted Airport services.

One of Central Trains' 170s (170399) went to [[First TransPennine Express]] and was subsequently renumbered 170309; [[East Midlands Trains]] did not receive any, despite taking over the previously Class-170-operated [[Liverpool]]-to-[[Norwich]] route. This route is now operated by refurbished {{brc|158}} units.

=== First TransPennine Express ===
[[File:Hugh llewelyn 170 307 (6286280976).jpg|thumb|right|[[First TransPennine Express]] Class 170/3 at {{rws|Leeds}} in April 2008]]
From late 2006 to 2016, [[First TransPennine Express]] operated nine Class 170s, used on the {{rws|Manchester Piccadilly}} to {{rws|Hull}} route. Originally, {{brc|185|s}} were set to operate the route, but a combination of weight-restriction problems on the [[Selby]] to Hull Line, chronic overcrowding on several of the company's services and the government reducing the amount of money available to First TransPennine Express for new trains resulted in Class 170s coming into service.

First TransPennine Express received eight Turbostars from [[South West Trains]], 170301–308 at the end of 2006 and the start of 2007, as well as 170399 from [[Central Trains]] in November 2007, which was renumbered 170309.

From September 2009, two Class 170s were used Sundays to Thursdays on the Cleethorpes–Manchester Airport service.

The units were maintained by Bombardier Crofton. The 170s have since been fully refurbished to include [[CCTV]], power sockets throughout, replacement carpets and seat covers and the removal / declassification of one of the two first-class sections, providing more seats. The work was carried out by Transys at [[Clacton-on-Sea]].

However, in March 2014 it was revealed that the nine Turbostars would move to [[Chiltern Railways]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/campaigners-fury-nine-transpennine-express-6768197 |title=Campaigners' fury as nine TransPennine Express trains sent south in 'crazy and scandalous' move |newspaper=Manchester Evening News |date=3 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312230704/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/campaigners-fury-nine-transpennine-express-6768197 |archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> MP [[Stephen Hammond]] revealed on 12 March 2014 that all the Class 170/3s would remain with First TransPennine Express until the May 2015 timetable change, when Chiltern would take five of the 170s with the remaining four remaining with First TransPennine Express until the end of the franchise in March 2016 later changed to 8 July 2016. Upon delivery, the Class 170s were modified in [[Brush Traction]] to allow them to be used with Chiltern's existing {{brc|168}} units, and were subsequently reclassified as Class 168/3s.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Broadbent |first=Steve |date=4 March 2014 |title=Chiltern plots further expansion |magazine=Rail Magazine |issue=769 |pages=46–53}}</ref> Today, the unit numbers are 168321–168329.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

However, it was confirmed in November 2018 that [[TransPennine Express]] would be hiring one Class 170 per day from Northern to run services on the Manchester/Leeds and Huddersfield local services, to allow more Class 185s to be used on other busier services until the new Nova Fleets arrive in 2019. This arrangement ended in May 2019, when Northern's subleased Class 185 units returned to TPE.

=== Greater Anglia and predecessors===
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2025}}
[[File:NXEA170202.JPG|thumb|right|[[National Express East Anglia]] Class 170/2 at {{rws|Ipswich}} in September 2011]]
[[Anglia Railways]] ordered two batches of Turbostars. The first batch of eight three-car Class 170/2 units were built between 1999 and 2000 for {{rws|London Liverpool Street}} to {{rws|Ipswich}}, {{rws|Norwich}}, {{rws|Lowestoft}} and {{rws|Bury St Edmunds}} services. These supplemented the existing {{brc|86}} locomotive-hauled trains from London to Norwich. Four of these units were later hired to [[Hull Trains]] from 2002–2004, before that company acquired its own Turbostars.

Other units, including the spot-hire set 170399, were used on Anglia's short-lived Norwich to {{rws|Basingstoke}} '[[London Crosslink]]' service. In 2002, Anglia introduced a new {{rws|Cambridge}} to Norwich direct service, and acquired four two-car units dedicated to working these services.

[[File:170273 Greater Anglia.JPG|thumb|[[Abellio Greater Anglia]] Class 170/2 at {{rws|Cambridge}} in August 2012]]
In 2004, the Greater Anglia franchise was won by [[National Express]] subsidiary One, rebranded as [[National Express East Anglia]] in 2008, and passed onto [[Abellio Greater Anglia]] in 2012. Since then, two-car Turbostars have been used for the Cambridge to Norwich route, and also on new through services including Cambridge (via Ipswich), Bury St Edmunds (via Ipswich), {{rws|Peterborough}} (via Ipswich) and Lowestoft (via Ipswich and East Suffolk Line or Ipswich and Norwich) - {{rws|London Liverpool Street}} via Ipswich, although with a new timetable all Class 170 London services ended in December 2010, in favour of connecting branch line trains with GEML expresses.

The three-car trains used to include a buffet and larger first-class area, but because more seating was needed, the buffet area has been removed and the number of first-class seats reduced.

In late 2019, these units were displaced by {{brc|755|s}} and transferred to [[KeolisAmey Wales|Transport for Wales]] by February 2020.

=== West Midlands Railway/London Midland ===
[[File:Hereford - WMT 170510 on the way to Birmingham New Street.JPG|thumb|[[West Midlands Trains]] Class 170/5 at {{rws|Hereford}} in November 2018]]
[[West Midlands Trains]] (WMT) operated twenty-three Class 170 Turbostars, which they had inherited from their predecessor [[London Midland]] in 2017, on services on the Birmingham to Hereford via Bromsgrove Line, and Birmingham - Shrewsbury via Telford Central services.

WMT replaced all of its 170s with 26 new {{brc|196}} ''Civity'' units from late 2022. However, these 170s had already started moving to East Midlands Railway (EMR) in 2021, with the first moving in February 2021.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=24 February 2021 |title=First WMT 170 joins EMR fleet |magazine=Rail Magazine |issue=925 |page=28}}</ref> The final four ex-WMT 170s joined EMR in May 2023.<ref name=":5">{{cite magazine |title= EMR stands down '180s' and '156s |magazine=[[Rail Magazine]] |issue=984 |date= 31 May 2023 |page=23}}</ref>

[[File:Hereford bound, Great Malvern - geograph.org.uk - 3476055.jpg|thumb|[[London Midland]] Class 170/6 at {{rws|Great Malvern}} in May 2013]]

For the vast majority of the duration that these 23 170s were operated on the West Midlands franchise, they were formed as 17 two-car 170/5s and six three-car 170/6s. However, in 2021, before they had all transferred to EMR, the centre cars of what were WMT's six Class 170/6s moved to [[CrossCountry]], to enable it to strengthen some of its previously-two-car units, meaning that EMR received the ex-WMT 170s as 23 two-car 170/5s, as they only leased the driving cars (with CrossCountry's lengthened units changing subclass from 170/5 to 170/6).<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Milner |first=Chris |date=June 2019 |title=West Midlands Class 196 DMU construction underway |magazine=The Railway Magazine |page=104 |issn=0033-8923}}</ref>

=== Transport for Wales ===
[[File:TfW Rail 170208 at Cardiff Central 16 December 2019.jpg|thumb|[[KeolisAmey Wales|Transport for Wales]] Class 170/2 at {{rws|Cardiff Central}} in December 2019]]
In September 2019, [[KeolisAmey Wales|Transport for Wales]] received three Class 170/2s (one three-car unit and two two-car units) from [[Abellio Greater Anglia]], with driver training following.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extra trains arrive for Transport for Wales |url=https://news.tfwrail.wales/news/extra-trains-arrive-for-transport-for-wales |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905161713/https://news.tfwrail.wales/news/extra-trains-arrive-for-transport-for-wales |archive-date=5 September 2019 |access-date=11 November 2019 |website=Transport For Wales News}}</ref> In November 2019, three more units (two three-car and one two-car) transferred depots from [[Crown Point TMD|Norwich Crown Point]] to [[Cardiff Canton TMD|Cardiff Canton]], with a further four three-car units delivered in December 2019, the last three-car unit delivered in January 2020 and the last two-car unit delivered in February 2020. This meant that [[Transport for Wales Rail]] leased the entire 12-strong 170/2 subclass of eight three-car units and four two-car units.

These were the first Class 170s on the [[Wales & Borders franchise]] and they were used on [[Ebbw Valley Railway|services between Cardiff / Bridgend and Ebbw Vale]], and [[Maesteg Line|services between Maesteg and Cheltenham/Gloucester]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=4 June 2018 |title=£800m fleet renewal plan for new Welsh franchise |url=https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/main-line/800m-fleet-renewal-plan-for-new-welsh-franchise/ |access-date=11 November 2019 |magazine=International Railway Journal}}</ref> On 12 December 2019, three-car unit 170202 worked TfW Rail's first Class 170 passenger services (between Bridgend and Ebbw Vale Town via Cardiff Central) and the units started to enter service in multiple quantities on 16 December 2019, with 5 units (three three-car and two two-car) running in passenger service on that day. All units had entered service by April 2020 when three-car unit 170206 was the last to enter service.

These were originally due to stay with TfW for the duration of the franchise (albeit working different services once their brand new trains were in service), however, following a revision of TfW's long-term rolling stock strategy, it was later announced all were to transfer to [[East Midlands Railway]].<ref>{{cite magazine |date=July 2021 |title=153s acquired |magazine=Modern Railways |page=13 |issue=874}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Welsh 170s bound for EMR |url=https://www.modernrailways.com/article/welsh-170s-bound-emr |url-access=subscription |access-date=15 December 2021 |magazine=Modern Railways}}</ref> The two-car units transferred first, followed by the three-car units. 170208 was the last to leave, on 29 January 2024.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

==Fleet details==
{|class="wikitable"
!Class
!Operator
!Qty.
!Built
!Cars per unit
!Unit numbers
!Notes
|-
!rowspan=2|170/1
|rowspan=2|[[CrossCountry]]
| align="center" |10
|rowspan=2 align=center|1998–1999
|align=center|3
|170101–170110<ref name="DfT-RVAR">{{cite magazine |last1=Clinick |first1=Richard |year=2009 |title=Britain's future-facing fleets |magazine=Rail Magazine |issue=634 |pages=66–73}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|align="center" |7
|align="center" |2
|170111–170117<ref name="DfT-RVAR"/>
|-
! rowspan="2" |170/2
| rowspan="2" |[[East Midlands Railway]]
| align="center" |8
| align="center" |1999
| align="center" |3
|170201–170208<ref name="Rail1009"/>
|
|-
|
{{Center|4}}
| align="center" |2002
| rowspan="3" align="center" |2
|170270–170273<ref name="Rail1009"/>
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |170/3
|''Converted to {{brc|168}}''
| align="center" |9
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2000
|170301–170309
|
|-
|''Converted to {{brc|171}}''
|align=center|1
|170392
|
|-
|[[ScotRail]]
| align="center" |4
|align=center|2004
| rowspan="8" align="center" |3
|170393–170396<ref name="DfT-RVAR"/>
|
|-
|[[CrossCountry]]
|align=center|2
|align=center|2002
|170397–170398<ref name="Rail1009"/><ref name="DfT-RVAR"/>
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |170/4
|[[ScotRail]]
|align=center|17
| rowspan="3" align="center" |1999–2001
|170401–170415, 170470–170471<ref name="DfT-RVAR"/>
|
|-
|[[East Midlands Railway]]
|align=center|8
|170416–170420, 170422–170424
|Units numbered 170422–170424 were formerly [[Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway)|Southern]] {{brc|171|s}}
|-
|''Converted to {{brc|171}}''
|align=center|1
|170421
|To remain with [[Govia Thameslink Railway|GTR]] as {{brc|171}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Clinnick |first1=Richard |year=2024 |title=EMR confirms refurbishment plans |magazine=Rail Express |issue=340 |page=12}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|[[ScotRail]]
|align=center|10
|align=center|2003–2004
|170425–170434
|
|-
|align=center|3
| align="center" rowspan="2" |2004–2005
|170450–170452<ref name="DfT-RVAR"/>
|
|-
|[[Northern Trains]]
|align=center|16
|170453–170461, 170472–170478<ref name="DfT-RVAR"/>
|
|-
!170/5
|[[East Midlands Railway]]
| align="center" |23
|align=center rowspan="2" |1999–2000
|align=center |2
|170501–170517, 170530–170535<ref name=":5"/><ref name="DfT-RVAR"/>
|Units numbered 170530–170535 were formerly three-car units numbered 170630–170635 until 2020–2021{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
|-
!170/6
|[[CrossCountry]]
|align=center|10
| align="center"|3
|170618–170623, 170636–170639<ref name="Rail1009"/><ref name="DfT-RVAR"/>
|Units numbered 170618–170623 were formerly two-car units numbered 170518–170523 until 2020–2021{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
|-
!170/7
|''Converted to {{brc|171}}''
|align=center|6
| 2003-2004
| align="center"|2
|170721–170726
|
|}

==Named units==
A number of units have been named:
* 170398: ''Turbostar Partnership 300''<ref name="MLI">{{cite magazine |title=Class 170 'Turbostar' |magazine=Modern Locomotives Illustrated |date=December 2015 |issue=216 |pages=28–47 |publisher=Key Publishing |location=Stamford}}</ref>
* 170407: ''[[University of Aberdeen]]''<ref name="MLI"/>
* 170417: ''[[Key worker|The Key Worker]]''<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Russell|first=David|title=Shed Talk |department=Units|magazine=[[Rail Express]] |issue=296|date=January 2021 |page=30}}</ref> 
* 170622: ''Pride of [[Leicester]]''<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Mayor names XC Class 170 Turbostar |magazine=Rail Magazine|issue=938 |date=25 August 2021 |pages=25}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Naming Update |magazine=[[Railways Illustrated]] |issue=October 2021|page=21}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
* On 13 November 2005, unit 170207 collided with a car at a [[level crossing]] in [[Swainsthorpe]], [[Norfolk]], on the [[Great Eastern Main Line]]. The car driver was killed. The front of the train was damaged by the consequent fire from the wrecked car.<ref name=Swainsthorpe>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/412075/060328_R032006_Swainsthorpe.pdf |title=Passenger train collision with a road vehicle at Swainsthorpe level crossing, Norfolk 13 November 2005 |publisher=Rail Accidents Investigation Branch |date=March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2016|format=PDF<!--Deny Citation Bot-->}}</ref>
* On 26 November 2005, unit 170431 hit a landslide near [[Moy, Highland|Moy]] on the [[Highland Main Line]]. The front of the train was derailed and damaged by the debris, the other two coaches remained railed. Six passengers, the driver and conductor were injured.<ref name=Moy>{{cite book |url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/RAIB_Moy2005.pdf |title=Derailment near Moy, Inverness-shire |publisher=Rail Accidents Investigation Branch |date=November 2006 |access-date=6 June 2018 |format=PDF<!--Deny Citation Bot-->}}</ref>
* On 12 September 2006, unit 170206 was derailed as it crossed the level crossing at [[Croxton, Norfolk]], on the [[Breckland Line]]. A panel that formed part of the level crossing had become dislodged and fouled both railway and road.<ref name=Croxton>{{cite book |url=https://assets.digital.cabinet-office.gov.uk/media/547c9043ed915d4c10000187/R112008_080513_Croxton.pdf |title=Derailment of a train at Croxton Level Crossing 12 September 2006 |publisher=Rail Accidents Investigation Board |date=May 2008 |access-date=10 April 2016 |format=PDF<!--Deny Citation Bot-->}}</ref>
* On 27 July 2011, unit 170393 derailed after crossing over a set of faulty points at Princes Street Gardens on the approach to Edinburgh. The train was occupied only by two members of crew - neither of whom was injured.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}
* On 14 July 2013, unit 170272 collided with a car towing a trailer on a level crossing at [[Woodbridge, Suffolk]], on the [[East Suffolk Line]].<ref name=Woodbridge>{{cite book |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/408652/141215_R282014_Jetty_Avenue_UWC.pdf |title=Collision between a train and a car at Jetty Avenue level crossing, Woodbridge, Suffolk 14 July 2013 |publisher=Rail Accidents Investigation Branch |date=December 2014 |access-date=11 April 2016 |format=PDF<!--Deny Citation Bot-->}}</ref>
* On 10 April 2016, unit 170204 collided with an agricultural tractor on a level crossing at [[Roudham]], on the Breckland line. The tractor driver was seriously injured; the train driver and some passengers sustained minor injuries.<ref name=EDP4489243>{{cite web |url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/tractor_driver_suffers_serious_injuries_following_collision_between_train_and_tractor_at_roudham_near_thetford_1_4489243 |title=Tractor driver suffers serious injuries following collision between train and tractor at Roudham, near Thetford |work=Eastern Daily Press |publisher=Archant Media Ltd |date=10 April 2016 |first=Donna-Louise |last=Bishop}}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Anglia100416>{{cite news |url=http://www.itv.com/news/anglia/story/2016-04-10/train-carrying-135-passengers-crashes-at-level-crossing/ |title=Train carrying 135 passengers crashes at level crossing |work=ITV News |access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref> An investigation revealed that the tractor driver had obtained permission to cross the line.<ref name=Roudham>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/collision-near-thetford |title=Collision near Thetford |publisher=Rail Accidents Investigation Branch |access-date=22 April 2016}}</ref>
* On 15 October 2017, unit 170272 collided with a car on a level crossing at {{rws|Melton|Suffolk}}, on the East Suffolk Line. The car driver was airlifted to hospital.<ref name=EADT5237195>{{cite web |url=http://www.eadt.co.uk/news/man-airflifted-to-hospital-after-car-struck-by-train-at-level-crossing-at-melton-1-5237195 |title=Man airlifted to hospital after car struck by train at level crossing at Melton |first=Michael |last=Steward |work=East Anglian Daily Times |publisher=Archant Community Media Ltd |access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref>
* On 10 October 2018, unit 170402 derailed at [[Stonehaven]], from Aberdeen to Dundee.<ref name="Stonehaven">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-45812024 |title=Engineers get derailed Stonehaven train back on track |date=11 October 2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>
* On 3 March 2019, unit 170520 collided with a fallen tree on the line running from Lydney to Gloucester and derailed. The front cab was severely damaged.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.gloucestershirelive.co.uk/news/cheltenham-news/storm-freya-live-train-hits-2604861 |title=Storm Freya aftermath: damage and traffic latest |last=Norris |first=Phil |date=4 March 2019 |work=gloucestershirelive |access-date=5 March 2019}}</ref>
* On 23 March 2020, unit 170107 collided with locomotive [[British Rail Class 66|66057]], which had run through a [[buffer stop]] at the end of a siding at {{rws|Bromsgrove}} and ended up foul of the running line. None of the two crew and four passengers on board were injured.<ref name="RAIBBromsgrove">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/passenger-train-collision-with-a-derailed-locomotive-bromsgrove |title= Passenger train collision with a derailed locomotive, Bromsgrove |publisher=Rail Accidents Investigation Branch |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> The driver of the locomotive was subsequently convicted of an offence contrary to the [[Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974]]. He was sentenced to 8 months' imprisonment, suspended for 18 months.<ref name="ORR100123">{{cite web |url=https://www.orr.gov.uk/search-news/driver-sentenced-eight-months-imprisonment-causing-crash |title=Driver sentenced to eight months imprisonment for causing crash |publisher=Office of Rail and Road |accessdate=10 January 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|British Rail Class 170}}
* {{cite Q|Q112224327|first=Colin J.|last=Marsden|pages=144-149}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Central spends £48m to order 50 more 'Turbostar' DMU cars|magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]|issue=339|publisher=EMAP Apex Publications|date=22 September 1998|page=7|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}
* {{cite magazine|title='Turbostar' is ready to roll!|first=Lee|last=West|magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]|issue=341|publisher=EMAP Apex Publications|date=20 October 1998|pages=22–25|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Adtranz launches Turbostar for Midland Mainline|magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]|issue=344|publisher=EMAP Apex Publications|date=1 December 1998|page=16|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Sanding gear for '170s'|magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]|issue=345|publisher=EMAP Apex Publications|date=15 December 1998|page=8|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}
* {{cite magazine|title=New numbers for Turbostar and Electrostar fleets|magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]|issue=345|publisher=EMAP Apex Publications|date=15 December 1998|page=9|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}

{{Bombardier Turbostar, Electrostar and Alstom Aventra families}}
{{British Rail DMU}}

[[Category:Adtranz multiple units]]
[[Category:Bombardier Transportation multiple units]]
[[Category:British Rail diesel multiple units|170]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1998]]