View source for British Rail Class 390

{{short description|Class of high-speed electric multiple units in Great Britain}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox train
| background = #{{AWC colour}}
| name = British Rail Class 390<br />''Pendolino''
| image = <!-- Please discuss photo changes on the talk page first to prevent edit wars --> File:390rugeley.jpg
| imagealt = 
| imagesize = 
| caption = Avanti West Coast Class 390 passing {{rws|Rugeley Trent Valley}}
| interiorimage = Refurbished interior of 390 148.jpg
| interiorimagealt = 
| interiorcaption = The refurbished standard-class interior of a Class 390 unit
| stocktype = 
| service = 23 July 2002{{snd}}present
| manufacturer = {{ubl|[[Alstom]]|[[Fiat Ferroviaria]]}}
| designer = 
| assembly = 
| ordernumber = 
| factory = {{ubl|[[Washwood Heath]], [[Birmingham]];<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Class 390 history |magazine=[[Railways Illustrated]] |issue=October 2021|page=7}}</ref>|[[Savigliano]], Italy}}
| family = ''[[Pendolino]]''
| replaced = {{ubli|indent=1em|Class {{brc|86|n}}, {{brc|87|n}} & {{brc|90|n}} locomotives and [[British Rail Mark 2|Mk 2]] & [[British Rail Mark 3|Mk 3]] carriages}}
| yearconstruction = {{ubl|2001–2005|2010–2012<ref name="Angel Trains">{{cite press release |url=http://www.angeltrains.co.uk/news/release.aspx?Id=705 |title=Angel Trains and Alstom sign order for new Pendolino high speed tilting train sets and extra carriages to lengthen existing trains |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003040832/http://www.angeltrains.co.uk/news/release.aspx?Id=705 |date=19 September 2009 |access-date=18 July 2011 |archive-date=3 October 2011 |publisher=Angel Trains}}.</ref><ref name=AT1/>}}
| yearservice = 
| refurbishment = 2021–2024<ref name="RailwaysIllustrated258">{{cite magazine |title=Alstom completes AWC Pendolino refurbishment |department=News |magazine=[[Railways Illustrated]] |issue=258 |date=August 2024 |page=14}}</ref>
| yearscrapped = 
| numberconstruction = 
| numberbuilt = {{ubl|57|(22 × 390/0, {{nowrap|35 × 390/1}})}}
| numberservice = 56
| numberpreserved = 
| numberscrapped = 1
| predecessor = {{ubl|{{brc|86}}|{{brc|87}}|{{brc|90}}}}
| successor = 
| formation = (See {{section link||Consist}})
| diagram = 
| code = 
| fleetnumbers = (See {{section link||Fleet details}})
| capacity = {{ubl|390/0: 469 seats|(99 first-class, 370 standard)|390/1 pre-refurb: 589 seats|(145 first-class, 444 standard)|390/1 post-refurb: 607 seats|(99 first-class, 508 standard)}}
| owner = [[Angel Trains]]
| operator = {{ubl|Current: [[Avanti West Coast]]|Former: [[Virgin Trains]]}}
| depots = {{ubl|Primary:|[[Longsight Electric TMD|Longsight]] ([[Manchester]])|Secondary:|[[Edge Hill Intercity Depot|Edge Hill]] ([[Liverpool]]),|[[Oxley TRSMD|Oxley]] ([[Wolverhampton]]),|[[Polmadie TRSMD|Polmadie]] ([[Glasgow]]),|[[Wembley Intercity Depot|Wembley]] ([[London]])}}
| lines = {{ubl|[[West Coast Main Line]],|[[Blackpool Branch Lines|Blackpool North Line]]}}
| carbody = [[Aluminium]] ([[Friction stir welding|friction stir welded]])
| trainlength = {{ubl|390/0: {{cvt|217.5|m|ftin|0}}|390/1: {{cvt|265.3|m|ftin|0}}}}
| carlength = {{ubl|DM cars: {{cvt|25.1|m|ftin|0}}|Others: {{cvt|23.9|m|ftin|0}}}}
| width = {{cvt|2.73|m|ftin|0}}<ref name=TRC1 />
| height = {{cvt|3.56|m|ftin|0}}<ref name=TRC1 />
| lowfloor = 
| floorheight = 
| platformheight = 
| entrylevelorstep = 
| doors = Single-leaf sliding plug
| wheeldiameter = 
| wheelbase = Bogies: {{cvt|2.70|m|ftin|0}}<ref name="vtref">{{cite book |title=References: High-Speed Trains and Electric Multiple Units (EMUs) |date=May 2008 |publisher=Voith Turbo |location=Heidenheim |pages=18–19 |url=https://docplayer.net/storage/66/55686535/1669995468/7a0nIY0QG_gGr0MbF9cNdQ/55686535.pdf |access-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202143829/https://docplayer.net/storage/66/55686535/1669995468/7a0nIY0QG_gGr0MbF9cNdQ/55686535.pdf |archive-date=2 December 2022 |format=PDF<!--Deny Citation Bot-->}}</ref>
| maxspeed = {{cvt|125|mph|-1}}
| weight = {{ubli|indent=1em|390/0: {{convert|466|t}}|390/1: {{convert|567|t}}}}
| axleload = 
| steep gradient = 
| traction = Alstom Onix 800 [[IGBT]]<ref name="ford-oct98">{{cite news |last=Ford |first=Roger |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/tilting-trains-hold-the-key-to-virgin39s-ambitious-franchise.html |title=Tilting trains hold the key to Virgin's ambitious franchise |work=Railway Gazette |publisher=DVV Media International |location=Sutton |date=October 1998 |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-date=16 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116231156/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/tilting-trains-hold-the-key-to-virgin39s-ambitious-franchise.html}}</ref>
| traction motors = 2 × Alstom 4 EJA 2852 {{avoid wrap|per motor car}} {{avoid wrap|({{cvt|425|kW}} each)}}<ref name="vtref" />
| poweroutput = {{ubl|390/0: {{cvt|5100|kW|hp|-1}}|390/1: {{cvt|5950|kW|hp|-1}}}}
| tractiveeffort = 
| acceleration = 
| deceleration = 
| aux = 
| powersupply = 
| hvac = 
| electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead]]
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]]
| uicclass = (See {{section link||Consist}})
| bogies = Fiat-[[Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft|SIG]]<ref name=TRC1>{{cite web |url=http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Recognition%20Tech%20Data%20EMU/EMU_390.html |title=Class 390 'Pendolino'|work=The Railway Centre |archive-date=14 October 2007 |access-date=2 March 2016 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014003755/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Recognition%20Tech%20Data%20EMU/EMU_390.html }}</ref>
| minimum curve = 
| brakes = [[Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains|Electro-pneumatic]] ([[Disc brake#Rail and aircraft|disc]]) and [[Dynamic braking#Rheostatic braking|rheostatic]]/[[Regenerative brake#Electric railway vehicle operation|regenerative]]<ref name=AT1 />
| safety = {{ubl|[[Automatic warning system (railways)|AWS]]|[[Tilt Authorisation and Speed Supervision|TASS]]<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.railengineer.uk/2013/09/10/train-protection-and-driver-aids/ | title=Train protection and driver aids |first=David |last=Bickell |magazine=Rail Engineer |publisher=Rail Media |location=Coalville |date=10 September 2013 |access-date=3 January 2017 |archive-date=26 October 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026042831/http://www.railengineer.uk/2013/09/10/train-protection-and-driver-aids/}}</ref>|[[Train Protection & Warning System|TPWS]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Marsden |first=Colin J. |title=Traction Recognition |page=237 |isbn=9780711034945 |year=2011 |edition=Second |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing |location=Hersham, Surrey }}</ref>}}
| coupling = [[Dellner]] 12<ref name=AT1>{{cite web |url=https://www.angeltrains.co.uk/Products-Services/High-Speed-Trains/30 |title=Class 390 - Virgin Trains West Coast |publisher=[[Angel Trains]] |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185716/https://www.angeltrains.co.uk/Products-Services/High-Speed-Trains/30}}</ref>
| multipleworking = Not provided<ref name=TRC1 />
| light = 
| gauge = {{Track gauge|1435 mm|allk=on}}
| notes = 
}}

The '''British Rail Class 390 ''Pendolino''''' is a type of electric high-speed passenger train operated by [[Avanti West Coast]] in Great Britain, leased from [[Angel Trains]].<ref name=AT1 /> They are [[electric multiple unit]]s, using [[Fiat Ferroviaria]]'s tilting train [[Pendolino]] technology and built by [[Alstom]]. 

Fifty-three eight-car units were originally built between 2001 and 2005 for operation on the [[West Coast Main Line]] (WCML). The trains of the original batch were the last to be assembled at Alstom's [[Washwood Heath]] plant, before its closure in 2005. The trains were subsequently extended to nine-cars in the mid-2000s. Some trains were lengthened further to 11-cars in the 2010s, being renumbered as the subclass 390/1. An additional batch of four 11-car trains were built in Italy.

The Class 390 ''Pendolino'' has a design speed of {{cvt|140|mph|0}}; however, limitations to track signalling systems restrict the trains to a maximum speed of {{cvt|125|mph|-1}} in service. The fleet is maintained at [[Longsight Electric TMD|Longsight TMD]] near {{Stnlnk|Manchester Piccadilly}} station.

In 2021, a £117{{nbsp}}million refurbishment programme to upgrade the fleet to ''as new'' condition began; this has included conversion of one first-class carriage to standard class to increase capacity, adding power sockets and new customer information screens.

==Background==
[[File:390001 First Class Internal.jpg|thumb|left|The Virgin Trains First Class interior in 2015]]

During 1997, private operator [[Virgin Rail Group]] started operating the [[InterCity West Coast]] franchise, taking over from state-owned operator [[British Rail]]. Virgin had been awarded the franchise having made a commitment to replace the locomotives and rolling stock in use on the route, namely the classes {{brc|86|n}}, {{brc|87|n}} and {{brc|90|n}} [[electric locomotive]]s and [[British Rail Mark 2|Mark 2]] and [[British Rail Mark 3|Mark 3]] coaching stock, with brand new [[tilting train]]s. Following negotiations with several manufacturers, Virgin placed an order with [[Alstom]]/[[Fiat Ferroviaria]] to produce the envisioned [[tilting train]], which was known by the name ''Pendolino'' and was later designated under [[British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification#1973 numbering and classification - TOPS|TOPS]] as the ''Class 390''.<ref name = "samath"/>

The purpose of tilt on the Pendolino was to maintain passenger comfort levels when traversing curves at high speed by reducing the sideways forces on the train's occupants, minimising their tendency to slide across the carriage.<ref name = "samath"/> The train was designed to be visually impressive: the concept design for the Pendolino was originally produced by industrial design firm Priestman Goode in cooperation with JHL and Start Design and many aspects of the finished product, such as the shaping of its aerodynamic nose and much of the train's interior areas, can be attributed to them.<ref name = "samath"/>

The concept of deploying tilting trains on the West Coast Main Line was not an original one. During the 1980s and 1990s, British Rail had developed several plans to introduce new trains and pursued the development of the revolutionary, but ultimately unsuccessful, {{brc|370}} [[Advanced Passenger Train]] (APT) for a protracted period.<ref name = "samath"/> Some years after the cancellation of the APT, British Rail had intended to replace the existing fleet of trains on the West Coast Main Line (in conjunction with a planned route modernisation) as part of the [[InterCity 250]] project, but this was cancelled by the government shortly before the [[privatisation of British Rail]] during the late 1990s.

The original Pendolino order was for 54 nine-car units, costing £500{{nbsp}}million.<ref name = "knig 2000"/> As originally planned, a pre-series test train was scheduled to be completed and to be in active testing by July 2000, while the first Pendolino was to enter revenue service during March 2001. It was expected that the whole fleet would be delivered by May 2002.<ref name="knig 2000">{{cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Stephen |url=https://railm.blob.core.windows.net/website/1/rail-archive/rail-345.pdf |title=Virgin's first West Coast tilt train 'on test by July 2000' |magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |publisher=[[Ascential|EMAP Apex Publications]] |issn=0953-4563 |oclc=49953699 |date=2 December 1998 |issue=345 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054904/https://railm.blob.core.windows.net/website/1/rail-archive/rail-345.pdf |archive-date=20 May 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=13 November 2011 }}</ref>

The Pendolinos were intended to run at service speeds of up to {{cvt|140|mph|0|abbr=on}}. [[Railtrack]], therefore, embarked on a modernisation of the West Coast Main Line to allow for the faster line speeds.<ref name = "knig 2000"/> However, the programme ran into serious difficulties. By its end, it was almost four times over-budget, had been delayed by a number of years, and had not improved the infrastructure as much as had been planned. Consequently, and in a manner reminiscent of the introduction of the [[InterCity 225]], the lack of signalling upgrades resulted in the maximum line speed being set at {{cvt|125|mph|-1|abbr=on}}. Although the Pendolino's in-service top speed is well below British Rail's hopes for the APT, which was to reach up to {{cvt|155|mph|-1|abbr=on}}, it does match the maximum speed of 125{{nbsp}}mph for the APT in passenger service.

Fiat Ferroviaria introduced its first tilting trains during the 1970s. They were first operated on the Italian railways in 1976.<ref name = "samath"/> Fiat Ferroviaria supplied much of the content of the Class 390, including the unit's bodyshell and the bogies, while final assembly was carried out at Washwood Heath. The tilting technology was developed by [[Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft|SIG]] Switzerland (later Fiat-SIG, today Alstom). Each car uses a pair of [[electromechanical]] [[actuator]]s to achieve the desired tilting angle. The train can tilt to a maximum of eight degrees, at which point one side of the train is {{cvt|380|mm}} higher above the track than the other. In contrast to other Fiat Ferroviaria tilting trains which use [[hydraulic]] tilting actuators, the electromechanical system offers lower maintenance cost and higher efficiency.<ref name="samath">{{cite web |url=http://www.samathieson.com/bigtrain.htm |publisher=Mathieson, SA |date=March 2002 |title=Full tilt: Virgin's 140mph Pendolino trains |access-date=13 May 2011 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927124004/http://www.samathieson.com/bigtrain.htm}}</ref>

==Design==
===Overview===
[[File:Pendolino at Beck Foot - geograph.org.uk - 358839.jpg|thumb|right|A Virgin Trains Pendolino tilting into one of the many curves on the northern part of the WCML]]

The Pendolino is a high-speed electric multiple unit train, which incorporates Fiat Ferroviaria's tilting train [[Pendolino]] technology. According to Ian Scoley of the design firm Priestman Goode, the design of the Pendolino is "more reminiscent of an aircraft than a train". It has a maximum design speed of {{cvt|140|mph|0|abbr=on}}, which requires compatible infrastructure to do so. A nine-carriage Pendolino reportedly weighs around 471{{nbsp}}tonnes, which is equivalent to a dozen fully laden lorries. The structure of the Pendolino is largely composed of extruded aluminium panels; allegedly, this material is responsible for the train's exterior surface being considerably smoother than its steel counterparts. The cross-section of the bodyshell is deliberately [[tapering (mathematics)|tapered]]; the need for this shaping is imposed by the train's ability to tilt around corners. To avoid the risk of striking passing trains or static structures while a carriage is being tilted, the body must be narrower towards the top than it is at wheel height.<ref name="samath"/>

The nose of the Pendolino is manufactured out of composite materials and [[Molding (process)|moulded]] in a similar fashion as has been used to produce the shells of [[racing car]]s. This construction methodology has been claimed to have been readily compatible with the aerodynamic contouring techniques practised while also retaining considerable structural strength. Allegedly, at one stage of development, the nose was intended to [[tapering (mathematics)|taper]] as far forwards as {{cvt|7|m|ft}}, similar to the noses of Japanese [[Shinkansen|bullet trains]]. However, as the design was refined, this was reduced to a tapering length of just {{cvt|3.5|m|ftin}} due to design constraints, while a roof fairing extends the curvature rearwards by a further {{cvt|3|m|ftin}}, located directly above and behind the driver's windscreen. To validate its performance, the forward section of the trains was subject to considerable aerodynamic testing to prove its suitability for high-speed operations.<ref name="samath"/>

===Tilting===
[[File:Avanti service heading south, geograph 7021469 by Mary and Angus Hogg.jpg|thumb|An Avanti Pendolino tilting into a corner in Scotland]]

The ''Pendolino'' features an actively actuated tilt system. Each of the carriages can [[wikt:tilt|tilt]] up to eight{{nbsp}}degrees from the vertical; this is done to manage the forces imposed between high speed trains and the track while traversing corners. On top of this, the lines of the Network Rail network are often [[Cant (road/rail)|cant]]ed up to six{{nbsp}}degrees, akin to a shallow-banked [[velodrome]]; when combined with the Pendolino's tilt system, the train can reportedly comfortably take curves at a 20{{nbsp}}per{{nbsp}}cent greater speed than it otherwise would be able to do so.<ref name="samath"/>

The active tilting mechanism is achieved using electrically operated tilt activators, which are situated under each carriage. Unlike some alternative systems, which are pre-programmed to tilt at sections of a pre-determined route, the Pendolino's tilt system actively detects the upcoming corners using sensors and tilts appropriately to correspond. As tilting may not be appropriate or possible at some locations along the route, such as when travelling close to bridges and tunnels, the tilt mechanism can be disabled by an onboard system, called the ''Tilt Authorisation and Speed Supervision'' (TASS). This system relies upon trackside [[beacon]]s, which are typically spaced around {{convert|5|mi}} from one another, to transmit data to the train; this information, as well as temporarily locking-out the tilting mechanism from being used on relevant stretches of track, also relays the maximum permissible speeds for the adjacent corners.<ref name="samath"/>

===Safety===
The ''Pendolino'' incorporates several different onboard safety systems, including the [[Automatic Warning System]] (AWS) and the [[Train Protection Warning System]] (TPWS); it was also planned to install compatible equipment for the [[European Train Control System]] (ETCS). These systems automatically deliver situational warnings regarding the relevant signals and speed limits to the driver and, if not reacted to appropriately, are able to bring the train to a complete halt. Unlike most trains, it also features a ''Tilt Authorisation and Speed Supervision'' (TASS) system, which is used to control the onboard tilting mechanism. In the event of an accident, each Pendolino also incorporates a [[train event recorder|black box data recorder]]. Another structural measure designed to help dissipate the forces involved in an incident involving a severe collision, are the [[crush zone]]s, which can reportedly absorb three times the forces of existing [[InterCity 125|High Speed Trains]].<ref name="samath"/>

The ''Pendolino'' features relatively shallow windows in comparison to trains such as the ''Voyager''; visually, the windows are linked by a black livery line to form a continuous band running along the length of the train. A combination of structural constraints and internal configuration selections had determined the narrowness of the windows; the adoption of larger windows would have intrinsically weakened the bodyshell of each carriage. Reportedly, consideration was given to the adoption of asymmetric window layout during the design process, but this was ultimately discarded in favour of the arrangement used in service instead.<ref name="samath"/>

Due to these design choices, the ''Pendolino'' has a very high level of structural integrity. In the [[Grayrigg derailment]] incident, where the unit involved was travelling at a speed of {{cvt|95|mph|-1|abbr=on}} and derailed at a set of points sending the carriages off the track and down a bank, one died and 30 were seriously injured from the 104 passengers and four crew. This low fatality number is attributed to the strength and safety of the unit.<ref name="Valenti-19980601"/>

=== Traction systems ===
The ''Pendolino's'' propulsion system incorporates Alstom's Onix traction drive system, which controls 12 separate [[traction motor]]s, each capable of providing up to {{convert|570|hp}}.<ref name = "samath"/>  Traction motors are suspended from the underside of the carriage bodies and connected to the driving wheels using a [[Cardan shaft]] and transfer gearbox thus lowering the [[unsprung mass]] and consequent track wear at high speeds, a feature inherited from its APT ancestor.<ref name="Valenti-19980601">{{Cite journal |last=Valenti |first=Michael |date=1 June 1998 |title=Tilting Trains Shorten Transit TimeOld, Curved Train Tracks Typically throw High-Speed Rail Travel-and Travelers-for a Loop. Tilting Trains can Keep the Speeds up Without Causing Passenger Discomfort. |url=https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/memagazineselect/article/120/06/78/368413/Tilting-Trains-Shorten-Transit-TimeOld-Curved |journal=Mechanical Engineering |volume=120 |issue=6 |pages=78–81 |doi=10.1115/1.1998-JUN-6 |issn=0025-6501 |doi-access=free |access-date=12 December 2020 |archive-date=4 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304044735/https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/memagazineselect/article/120/06/78/368413/Tilting-Trains-Shorten-Transit-TimeOld-Curved |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Combined, they are capable of producing a rate of acceleration of up to 0.43 ms<sup>−2</sup>, which enables the train to accelerate from stationary to {{cvt|60|mph|-1}} in just over 60 seconds. Power for each ''Pendolino'' is supplied in the form of 25,000{{nbsp}}[[volt]]s{{nbsp}}[[Alternating current|AC]], and is delivered via the [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]] infrastructure installed across its route.<ref name="samath"/> A particularly unusual measure, which was adopted to account for the train's tilting ability, is incorporated into the [[pantograph]], the roof-mounted mechanism which connects the train to the overhead wires; it also features an active tilting system, which moves the pantograph to a precise angle in opposition to the direction of the carriages' tilt, allowing contact with the overhead catenary to be smoothly maintained.<ref name="samath"/>

===Passenger amenities===
The ''Pendolino'' features a number of amenities and innovations, such as a walk-in shop in place of the traditional buffet/restaurant car and the extensive presence of passenger visual information systems, which are installed on both the inside of the car ends and on the outside of the doors themselves.<ref name="samath"/> In response to criticisms of the pressure-operated automatic gangway doors fitted to the [[British Rail Mark 3|Mark 3]] and [[British Rail Mark 4|Mark 4]] carriages (which could easily be held open by items of luggage resting on the floor sensor, allowing draughts into the passenger saloon), the gangway doors of the ''Pendolino'' have press buttons instead. To assist the boarding process, the doors deploy folding steps at stations.

Originally, every seat had an integrated on-board entertainment system, which featured radio stations, including [[Virgin Radio]], several [[BBC Radio|BBC station]]s and a number of pre-recorded music channels. Listings booklets were provided on board and headphones could be purchased at the shop.<ref name="samath"/> During March 2010, this system was replaced by onboard [[Wi-Fi]] from [[T-Mobile International AG|T-Mobile]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virgintrains.co.uk/assets/pdf/voucher/vt-headphones.pdf |title=Please note: Virgin Trains onboard entertainment system no longer functions |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820205927/http://www.virgintrains.co.uk/assets/pdf/voucher/vt-headphones.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2010 |access-date=18 November 2010 |website=Virgin Trains}}</ref> First class passengers were provided with a 240 volt [[AC power plugs and sockets#British and compatible standards|mains power socket]] at each seat.<ref name="samath"/>

The ''Pendolino'' uses an electronic seat reservations system. Each seat has a small [[dot-matrix]] [[LCD]] installed near the top. If the seat is reserved, the display shows the station the seat is booked from until the train leaves that station; it subsequently displays "Available unless occupied". The display can also show the name of the passenger if this has been entered at the time of booking. This information is provided by the onboard Train Management System (TMS), which downloads current data via mobile operator [[Vodafone]]’s wireless network from the national Customer Reservation System shared by all train operators. The TMS is also used to provide route information to the passenger visual information systems. If a train is rescheduled, the system can rapidly be updated and the displayed information changed to reflect the new schedule.<ref name="samath"/>

===Consist===
{{no sources section|date=June 2025|small=y}}
The original 53-unit Pendolino fleet was delivered in nine-car formation (although some units initially operated as eight-car units), with vehicles built at the former [[Metro-Cammell]] Washwood Heath plant (by then owned by Alstom), in Birmingham. Thirty-one units were later extended to 11-car formation, with the addition of two new carriages (the 653xx Trailer (Car U) and the 689xx Motor (Car F)), built by Alstom at [[Savigliano]] in Italy. Units that had been extended were renumbered into the 390/1 range by having 100 added to their original unit numbers (for example, 390003 became 390103).

==Operations==
{{stack begin}}
[[File:Virgin trains 390012 cab interior.jpg|thumb|Interior of the cab of a Class 390]]
[[File:Half of a Class 390 in new livery.jpg|thumb|A Virgin Trains Class 390 at {{stnlnk|Northampton}} in flowing silk livery]]
[[File:Avanti liveried 390155 Euston.jpg|thumb|An Avanti West Coast Class 390 at London Euston]]
{{stack end}}

The service introduction of the ''Pendolino'' was repeatedly delayed, a fact which has been attributed to the poor project management and the collapse of infrastructure owner Railtrack.<ref name="pend launch">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/pendolino-to-attack-the-london-manchester-market.html |url-access=registration |title=Pendolino to attack the London - Manchester market |last=Hughes |first=Murray |magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]] |publisher=[[DVV Media Group]] |issn=0373-5346 |location=Sutton |date=1 February 2003 |access-date=13 November 2019 |archive-date=28 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728172847/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/pendolino-to-attack-the-london-manchester-market.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The fleet was introduced into passenger services from {{stnlnk|Birmingham International}} to Manchester Piccadilly on 23 July 2002 to coincide with the opening of the [[2002 Commonwealth Games]] in Manchester.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/virgin-pendolino-starts.html |url-access=registration |title=Virgin Pendolino starts |magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]] |publisher=[[DVV Media Group]] |issn=0373-5346 |location=Sutton |date=1 September 2002 |archive-date=28 March 2017 |access-date=18 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105354/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/virgin-pendolino-starts.html |url-status=live}}</ref> During the Games, they operated a daily return service between the two cities; however, it was not until 27 January 2003 that the first ''Pendolino'' carried passengers between London Euston and Manchester Piccadilly.<ref name="pend launch"/>

During 2004, the fleet's sphere of operation was expanded further. Pendolinos started to operate services to {{Stnlnk|Glasgow Central}} and, by the end of summer in theory, all services north of Preston were worked by Class 390 units. This allowed the final Class 90 locomotives to be withdrawn and inroads were made into the main {{brc|87}} fleet. 

Another development during 2004 was the clearing of the units for the [[North Wales Coast Line]] from {{stnlnk|Crewe}} to {{stnlnk|Holyhead}}. This line is not electrified, so Virgin's {{brc|57|3|Thunderbird}} [[diesel locomotive]]s were used to haul the Pendolinos. After Virgin Trains lost the [[Virgin CrossCountry|CrossCountry franchise]], the company decided to allocate its remaining {{brc|221|Super Voyagers}} to the coastal line, ending the practice of hauling ''Pendolinos'' from Crewe and thus making several Class 57 locomotives redundant. These locomotives have special [[Dellner coupling]] adaptors and electrical systems to make them compatible with Pendolino trains, allowing failed units to be rescued quicker. The Class 57s are also used when engineering works force Pendolino services to run over non-electrified diversionary routes.

The entire ''Pendolino'' fleet is allocated to Alstom's [[Longsight Electric TMD|Manchester Traincare Centre]] at [[Longsight]], where heavy maintenance is carried out. Longsight has a hoist on which an entire Pendolino unit can be lifted. Lighter maintenance, cleaning and overnight stabling are carried out at Alstom's other centres: Wembley (London), [[Oxley TRSMD|Oxley]] (Wolverhampton), [[Edge Hill, Liverpool|Edge Hill]] (Liverpool) and Polmadie (Glasgow).

===Problems and incidents===
In October 2004, a train overshot the platform at {{stnlnk|Liverpool Lime Street}} station and collided with the buffer stops, and a similar incident occurred a few weeks later at the same station.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6391743.stm |title=The Pendolino: The 125mph train |date=14 February 2007 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=20 September 2010 |quote=Until the Cumbria crash there had been only minor incidents involving the Pendolino train. These included two incidents at Liverpool Lime Street where the train hit buffers at the platform.}}</ref> The [[Rail Safety and Standards Board]]'s inquiry into the incident identified a [[glitch|software glitch]] in the wheel-slip protection (WSP) system whereby the train's friction brakes were inhibited at low speeds after prolonged coasting (such as that occurring on approach to a station). The units were limited to {{cvt|110|mph}} for a short period until modifications to the software were made.<ref name=bbc-20041111>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4002257.stm |title=Virgin cuts speed on Pendolinos |work=[[BBC News]] |date=11 November 2004 |access-date=16 November 2012 |archive-date=18 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218020841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4002257.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>

As a result of the smaller cabin dimensions necessitated by the tilting geometry, the higher floor needed to package the tilting mechanisms themselves, and the need to provide disabled toilets, the units have a lower [[seating capacity]] than the nine-car Mark&nbsp;2 and Mark&nbsp;3 rakes that they replaced. The result has been severe overcrowding on some services, something that Virgin somewhat mitigated through the increased frequency of service, and with the increase to 11-car formations.

The smaller size of the ''Pendolino'' windows has attracted comment and, in fact, the window size is unprecedented for British railway rolling stock. The wider window pillars mean that in some standard class carriages, 22.5% of the seats are parallel with either no window or only a limited portion of one; however the roll-over strength of the bodyshell was commented on regarding the crashworthiness performance of the train in the RAIB Accident Report into the derailment at Grayrigg.<ref>{{cite report |title=Derailment at Grayrigg 23 February 2007 |page=151 |format=PDF |publisher=[[Rail Accident Investigation Branch]] |url=https://www.gov.uk/raib-reports/derailment-at-grayrigg |date=14 July 2011 |access-date=13 November 2019 |website=[[gov.uk]] |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113124048/https://www.gov.uk/raib-reports/derailment-at-grayrigg |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Grayrigg derailment===
{{Main|Grayrigg derailment}}
[[File:VirginPendolinoDerailment.jpg|thumb|The scene at the Grayrigg derailment]]
On 23 February 2007, a faulty set of [[Railroad switch|points]] caused a Virgin Trains ''Pendolino'' to [[derailment|derail]] near [[Grayrigg]], in [[Cumbria]]. The train, unit 390033, named ''City of Glasgow'', formed the 17:15 departure from London Euston bound for Glasgow Central. 115&nbsp;people were on board, one of whom died from trauma suffered in the crash. The train's excellent [[crashworthiness]] was credited with preventing more fatalities.

The train was formally written off on 30 November 2007, owing to the prohibitive cost of repair against the price of a new unit; a driving car and carriage from the train were subsequently put into use for training purposes at the Virgin Trains Talent Academy in Crewe.<ref name="vtta">{{cite news |url=http://archive.railwayherald.com/Issue244.pdf |title=The News in Pictures |magazine=Railway Herald |location=Scunthorpe |page=8 |issue=244 |date=1 November 2010 |access-date=1 November 2010 |archive-date=15 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715151837/http://archive.railwayherald.com/Issue244.pdf}}</ref> Virgin Trains then leased a Class 90, Mk3 coaches and a [[Driving Van Trailer]], all painted in Virgin's new livery, and nicknamed the ''Pretendolino'' by Alstom maintenance staff, as a temporary replacement for the written-off train.<ref>{{cite web |last=Coxon |first=Dave |website=Testing Times |url=http://www.traintesting.com/Class_390.htm |title=The Class 390 Pendolinos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111003455/http://www.traintesting.com/Class_390.htm |archive-date=11 January 2011 |access-date=13 March 2010}}</ref> Occasionally, the name even appeared in official communications.<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Virgin Trains |author-link=Virgin Trains |user=VirginTrains |number=198449349922004992 |date=4 May 2012 |title=On Sunday our Pretendolino hauled by class 57 will run |access-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411032952/https://twitter.com/VirginTrains/status/198449349922004992 |archive-date=11 April 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, the set was handed back to the leasing company.

===Shap derailment===
{{main|2025 Shap derailment}}
On 3 November 2025, an Avanti West Coast ''Pendolino'' derailed at {{rws|Shap}} after running into a landslide obstructing the line. The train, unit 390117, was operating the 04:27 {{rws|Glasgow Central}} to {{rws|London Euston}} service.<ref name=BBCczdrp8mm6jgt>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/czdrp8mm6jgt |title=Glasgow to London train derails in Cumbria - no injuries reported but 'days of disruption' expected |publisher=BBC News Online |accessdate=3 November 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stubbings |first=David |date=3 November 2025 |title=Avanti West Coast train derails at Shap after suspected landslip |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/avanti-west-coast-train-derails-at-shap-no-reported-injuries-but-major-incident-declared |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=www.railmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Speed records ==
In September 2006, a Pendolino completed the fastest ever southbound run along the {{cvt|401|mi|adj=on}} length of the [[West Coast Main Line]] from Glasgow Central to London Euston, at 3{{nbsp}}hours and 55{{nbsp}}minutes. The previous record was 4{{nbsp}}hours and 14{{nbsp}}minutes, set in 1981 by the Pendolino's ancestor, British Rail's Advanced Passenger Train (APT).<ref>{{cite news |date=22 September 2006 |title=Virgin train breaks speed record |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/5369808.stm |access-date=2 December 2015 |quote=Virgin Trains made the 401 mile journey in three hours and 55 minutes - knocking 19 minutes off the record set 25 years ago |archive-date=13 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313133208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/5369808.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2021, another record-breaking attempt was made with a Pendolino, this time in the northbound direction. It completed the journey in 3{{nbsp}}hours, 53{{nbsp}}minutes and 1{{nbsp}}second; faster than the 2006 Pendolino run, but narrowly missing the APT's northbound record, which stands at 3{{nbsp}}hours, 52{{nbsp}}minutes and 40{{nbsp}}seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2021 |title=London to Glasgow record missed by 21 seconds - but Avanti West Coast surpassed a 2006-set record |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/06/london-to-glasgow-record-missed-by-21-seconds-but-avanti-west-coast-surpassed-a-2006-set-record.html |access-date=6 February 2022 |website=RailAdvent |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206172730/https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/06/london-to-glasgow-record-missed-by-21-seconds-but-avanti-west-coast-surpassed-a-2006-set-record.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Though the trains are limited to a maximum of 125 mph in service, faster runs have been made in 2003 when the trains were in the final stages of testing before introduction to service. On night-time runs between Rugby, Nuneaton and Lichfield Trent Valley, 390002 achieved a record speed for the class of {{Convert|145.7|mph|abbr=on}}, as witnessed by ''[[Modern Railways]]'' magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ford |first=Roger |date=21 November 2019 |title=Pendolino 250 million miles and still going strong |url=https://www.modernrailways.com/article/pendolino-250-million-miles-and-still-going-strong |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218042245/https://www.modernrailways.com/article/pendolino-250-million-miles-and-still-going-strong |archive-date=18 December 2023 |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=[[Modern Railways]]}}</ref>

==Fleet developments==

=== Additional capacity ===
Following a large increase in passenger numbers following the WCML modernisation, the [[Department for Transport]] announced a capacity increase by procuring additional units (with one intended to replace the unit damaged at Grayrigg). Four new units have been built with 11 cars, and 31 existing units lengthened to 11 cars.<ref>The DfT accreditation process document specified 31 lengthened units, with options for lengthening a further 21 units and procuring a further 23 full units. Four lengthened units were to be achieved by 31 March 2012 (within the then franchise period) but not to see public use until the following franchise had been re-let from 1 April 2012.{{cite web |url=http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/rail/pi/pendolinolengthening/ |title=Pendolino lengthening and fleet expansion project |date=28 March 2008 |publisher=[[Department for Transport]] |url-status=dead |via=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100408181313/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/rail/pi/pendolinolengthening/ |archive-date=8 April 2010 |access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref>

This required major changes to stations and depots to accommodate the 11-car units. Virgin Rail Projects was set up to introduce these new trains with the new franchise winner as well as Alstom, Network Rail and the current franchise holder, Virgin Trains West Coast, to ensure the new units were able to run from 1 April 2012.

The additional vehicles were manufactured in Alstom's [[Savigliano]] factory in Italy because Washwood Heath works had closed.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//more-west-coast-pendolinos.html |title=More West Coast Pendolinos |magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]] |publisher=DVV Media Group |location=Sutton |issn=0373-5346 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012015924/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/more-west-coast-pendolinos.html |date=8 June 2008 |archive-date=12 October 2012 |access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref>

[[File:390 104 'Alstom Pendolino'.jpg|thumb|Virgin Trains Class 390 ''Alstom Pendolino'' at {{rws|Preston}} in February 2017]]
[[File:390119 1S48.jpg|thumb|Avanti West Coast Class 390 ''Progress'' at {{rws|Carlisle}} in September 2021]]

The first new units were built with 11 cars and delivered via the [[Channel Tunnel]] to Edge Hill.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.rharchive.info/Issue250HIGH.pdf |title=News Journal |location=Scunthorpe |magazine=Railway Herald |issn=1751-8091 |page=3 |issue=250 |date=13 December 2010 |access-date=19 December 2010 |url-status=usurped |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316102254/http://www.rharchive.info/Issue250HIGH.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="alstom">{{cite press release |url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2010/12/West-Coast-Main-Line-increases-its-Pendolino-fleet |title=West Coast Main Line increases its Pendolino fleet |date=14 December 2010 |access-date=13 November 2013 |publisher=[[Alstom Transport]] |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113135015/https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2010/12/West-Coast-Main-Line-increases-its-Pendolino-fleet |url-status=live}}</ref> The first was accepted on 12 July 2011.

In March 2012, unit 390055 operated a test run on the [[East Coast Main Line]] from {{rws|Edinburgh Waverley}} to {{rws|London King's Cross}}.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaymagazine.co.uk/news/pendolino-makes-historic-east-coast-run |title=Pendolino makes historic East Coast run |date=13 March 2012 |magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]] |location=London |publisher=[[Mortons of Horncastle]] |issn=0033-8923 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028025543/http://www.railwaymagazine.co.uk/news/pendolino-makes-historic-east-coast-run |archive-date=28 October 2013}}</ref>

With the franchise process in place, and Virgin Trains' franchise extended until December 2012, the first 11-car unit (390156) entered service on 5 April 2012. The remaining new units were brought into service, and 31 units increased to 11 carriages, over the next eight months.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/longer-pendolino-trains-mean-more-seats-for-west-coast-passengers-864766 |title=Longer Pendolino trains mean more seats for West Coast passengers |date=6 December 2012 |access-date=6 April 2013 |archive-date=5 May 2013 |publisher=[[Virgin Trains]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505085938/http://mediaroom.virgintrains.co.uk/2012/12/longer-pendolino-trains-mean-more-seats.html |quote=Five rail industry organisations were today celebrating the successful completion of a project to provide an extra 7006 seats to the West Coast Pendolino fleet which now has a total of 29,834 seats. 106 carriages were ordered by the Department for Transport (DfT) in July 2008 to create four completely new 11-car trains (44 carriages) and to lengthen 31 of the existing trains from 9 to 11 carriages (62 carriages)}}</ref> The lengthening project was completed in December 2012.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Pendolino lengthening complete |magazine=Today's Railways UK |issue=133 |date=January 2013 |page=66}}</ref>

=== Reconfiguration of nine-car units ===
As part of the subsequent extension of the franchise until April 2017,<ref name=SecretaryofState26Mar13>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/franchise-announcement |title=Written statement to Parliament: Rail franchising |publisher=[[Department for Transport]] |via=[[gov.uk]] |date=26 March 2013 |access-date=6 April 2013 |archive-date=13 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813220726/https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/franchise-announcement}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/fresh-start-for-franchising |title=Fresh start for franchising |publisher=Department for Transport |date=26 March 2013 |access-date=13 November 2019 |via=[[gov.uk]] |archive-date=21 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921185942/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/fresh-start-for-franchising |url-status=live}}</ref> Virgin Trains made further enhancements to the Pendolinos.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/we-re-looking-to-build-on-the-retention-of-train-franchise-864723 |title=We're looking to build on the retention of train franchise |date=4 February 2013 |access-date=6 April 2013 |publisher=[[Virgin Trains]] |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617031356/https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/we-re-looking-to-build-on-the-retention-of-train-franchise-864723 |url-status=live}}</ref> The 21 nine-car units each had one first class carriage converted to standard class.<ref>{{cite mailing list |title=Pendolino Coach G Conversions |publisher=Virgin Trains |mailing-list=The Red Letter |via=Newsweaver |date=15 June 2015 |url=https://virgintrains.newsweaver.com/newsletter/14vr9jthtbj?a=1&p=48878346&t=23808745 |access-date=13 November 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231214/https://virgintrains.newsweaver.com/newsletter/14vr9jthtbj?a=1&p=48878346&t=23808745 |archive-date=28 March 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=More Seats for Virgin Trains Pendolino Fleet |publisher=[[Virgin Trains]] |via=[[Mynewsdesk]] |date=10 April 2015 |url=http://www.mynewsdesk.com/uk/virgintrains/pressreleases/more-seats-for-virgin-trains-pendolino-fleet-1141221 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231734/http://www.mynewsdesk.com/uk/virgintrains/pressreleases/more-seats-for-virgin-trains-pendolino-fleet-1141221 |archive-date=28 March 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/better-journeys-for-passengers-on-the-west-coast-main-line |title=Better journeys for passengers on the West Coast Main Line |date=19 June 2014 |access-date=19 June 2014 |publisher=Department for Transport |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706183131/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/better-journeys-for-passengers-on-the-west-coast-main-line |archive-date=6 July 2014 |via=[[gov.uk]]}}</ref> This work was completed by September 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin trains adds 2,100 seats to its West Coast Main Line Pendolino fleet |url=http://www.railwaystrategies.co.uk/article-page.php?contentid=22828&issueid=667 |website=Railway Strategies |access-date=24 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826093824/http://www.railwaystrategies.co.uk/article-page.php?contentid=22828&issueid=667 |archive-date=26 August 2016}}</ref>

=== Proposed order by Alliance Rail Operations ===
In its successful submission to operate services from London Euston to {{stnlnk|Blackpool North}}, [[Alliance Rail Holdings]] proposed purchasing four Class 390s for entry into service in 2018. However, as the 390s no longer met crashworthiness standards for new trains, a [[derogation]] would have been required.<ref name="TRUK182">{{cite magazine |date=February 2017 |title=HSTs for Alliance Rail as Pendolino plans face difficulties |magazine=[[Today's Railways UK]] |location=Sheffield |publisher=Platform 5 Publishing |issue=182 |page=14 |issn=1750-6905}}</ref> With Alliance Rail not able to obtain this, in June 2017 it dropped its plans to purchase 390s.<ref name="TRUK182" /><ref name="RGI19Jul17">{{cite magazine |date=19 July 2017 |title=Alliance drops Pendolino plan as Southampton paths identified |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/alliance-drops-pendolino-plan-as-southampton-paths-identified.html |magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]] |location=Sutton |publisher=[[DVV Media Group]] |issn=0373-5346 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619172132/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/alliance-drops-pendolino-plan-as-southampton-paths-identified.html |archive-date=19 June 2017}}</ref>

=== Avanti West Coast refurbishment ===
In December 2019, all 56 trains transferred to Avanti West Coast, operators of the new [[West Coast Partnership]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=FirstGroup plc |author2=Trenitalia UK |title=FirstGroup and Trenitalia Welcome West Coast Partnership Award |url=https://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-detail/FGP/14187853.html |access-date=4 December 2022 |publisher=London Stock Exchange |date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814121924/https://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-detail/FGP/14187853.html |archive-date=14 August 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A major interior refurbishment of the fleet commenced in 2021, involving the replacement of all carpeting and standard-class seats, installation of power sockets at every seat, provision of more luggage space in second class, refitting of the onboard shop, installation of new lighting and the reupholstering of existing seats in first and standard premium classes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2021 |title=Avanti West Coast and Alstom start £117m Pendolino upgrade project in Widnes |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/07/avanti-west-coast-and-alstom-start-117m-pendolino-upgrade-project-in-widnes.html |access-date=24 July 2021 |website=RailAdvent |archive-date=24 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724194523/https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/07/avanti-west-coast-and-alstom-start-117m-pendolino-upgrade-project-in-widnes.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="irj-jul21">{{cite news |last1=Clinnick |first1=Richard |title=Alstom begins Avanti West Coast Pendolino refurbishment |url=https://www.railjournal.com/fleet/alstom-begins-avanti-west-coast-pendolino-refurbishment/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=International Railway Journal |publisher=Simmons-Boardman Publishing |date=22 July 2021 |location=Falmouth |url-access=registration |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204104829/https://www.railjournal.com/fleet/alstom-begins-avanti-west-coast-pendolino-refurbishment/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="firstpr">{{cite news |author1=First Trenitalia West Coast Rail |title=Refurbished Pendolinos return to the rails as part of UK's biggest ever train upgrade |url=https://www.firstgroupplc.com/news-and-media/latest-news/2022/25042022.aspx |access-date=4 December 2022 |publisher=FirstGroup plc |date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425163103/https://www.firstgroupplc.com/news-and-media/latest-news/2022/25042022.aspx |archive-date=25 April 2022 |location=Aberdeen |url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, one first-class coach in each of the 35 eleven-car 390/1 units was converted to standard class in order to provide additional capacity.<ref name="firstpr"/> The refurbishment programme cost £117&nbsp;million and ran until 2024, with the work being performed by [[Alstom]] at [[Widnes]], in [[Cheshire]].<ref name="irj-jul21"/><ref name="firstpr"/>

The first of the refurbished units returned to service on 25 April 2022.<ref name="firstpr"/> The refurbishment has resulted in a modest increase in capacity on the 11-car sets because of the conversion of coach G from first class to standard class. The result, once adjustments for the new standard class seats are taken into account, is an additional 64 standard class seats and a loss of 46 first class seats, for a new total capacity of 607 seats.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2022 |title=Pendolino Seating Plan - Current (Feb 2022) |url=https://www.avantiwestcoast.co.uk/-/media/files/seating-plan-2022/pendolino-seating-plan-current-2022.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521041531/https://www.avantiwestcoast.co.uk/-/media/files/seating-plan-2022/pendolino-seating-plan-current-2022.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2022 |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=[[Avanti West Coast]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2022 |title=Pendolino Seating Plan - Refurbished (Feb 2022) |url=https://www.avantiwestcoast.co.uk/-/media/documents/pendolino-seating-plan-refurbed-02-22.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521041543/https://www.avantiwestcoast.co.uk/-/media/documents/pendolino-seating-plan-refurbed-02-22.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2022 |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=[[Avanti West Coast]]}}</ref><!-- PLEASE PUT UNITS IN ORDER OF THEIR NEW NUMBERS, NOT THEIR ORIGINAL ONES -->

==Fleet details==
{| class="wikitable"
!Class
!Operator
!Qty.
!Year built
!Cars per unit
!Unit nos.
!Notes
|-
!390/0
|rowspan=3|[[Avanti West Coast]]
|align=center|22
|rowspan=2 align=center|2001–2005
|align=center|9
|390001–390002, 390005–390006, 390008–390011, 390013, 390016, 390020, 390039–390040, 390042–390047, 390049–390050<ref name="RailwaysIllustrated258"/>
|390033 scrapped due to [[Grayrigg derailment]], 2 vehicles at AWC training centre for training


|-
!rowspan=2|390/1
|align=center|31
|rowspan=2 align=center|11
|390103–390104, 390107, 390112, 390114–390115, 390117–390119, 390121–390132, 390134–390138, 390141, 390148, 390151–390153<ref name="RailwaysIllustrated258"/>
|31 units lengthened to 11 cars each in 2012.
|-
|align=center|4
|align=center|2010–2012
|390154–390157<ref name="RailwaysIllustrated258"/>
|New units purchased as part of extension order.<ref name="alstom"/>
|}

=== Liveries ===
All units were delivered in Virgin Trains livery of silver bodysides with black areas around the windows, red roofs and red cab-sides with the red areas on the cabs separated from the silver with a curved white band. Doors were originally painted with grey and white stripes. These were re-vinyled in plain grey in 2015.

From September 2017 onwards, the fleet was repainted by Alstom in Widnes into a new livery known as ''Flowing Silk'', featuring plain white bodysides, black roofs and a vinyl applied red swoosh around the driving cab intended to visually represent a moving piece of silk.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 September 2017 |title=Virgin Trains' Pendolino has been given a new look |url=https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/news/62566/virgin-trains-pendolino-new-look/ |access-date=13 November 2019 |website=Global Railway Review |publisher=Russell Publishing |location=Brasted, Kent |archive-date=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725172553/https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/news/62566/virgin-trains-pendolino-new-look/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/new-lick-of-paint-for-virgin-trains-pendolino-2150541 |title=New lick of paint for Virgin Trains' |publisher=Virgin Trains |date=16 September 2017 |access-date=5 May 2018 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617031356/https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/new-lick-of-paint-for-virgin-trains-pendolino-2150541}}</ref> The livery was designed to use neutral colours at the behest of the Department for Transport to allow for an easier rebranding.<ref name="TRUK191">{{cite magazine |date=November 2017 |title=New livery for Virgin |magazine=[[Today's Railways UK]] |location=Sheffield |publisher=Platform 5 Publishing |issue=191 |page=70 |issn=1475-9713}}</ref> The first unit to wear this livery was 390010.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=18 September 2017 |title=Virgin Trains' first repainted Pendolino back in traffic |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/virgin-trains-first-repainted-pendolino-back-in-traffic |magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |location=Peterborough |publisher=[[Bauer Consumer Media]] |issue=836 |page=12|issn=0953-4563 |access-date=13 November 2019 |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113104302/https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/virgin-trains-first-repainted-pendolino-back-in-traffic |url-status=live}}</ref> All of the nine-car units were repainted with last to be treated in August 2018, with repaints then commencing on the 11-car units. The final unit to receive the full Flowing Silk livery did so in August 2019. Subsequent repaints omitted all Virgin branding in preparation for the end of the franchise in December 2019.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=25 September 2019 |title=Naked Virgin Pendolino enters traffic |magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |location=Peterborough |publisher=[[Bauer Consumer Media]] |issue=888 |page=31 |issn=0953-4563}}</ref>
{{Wide image|Virgin Class 390 1 1st Livery.png|x37px|Illustration of a Virgin Trains Class 390/1 unit in its original livery}}
{{Wide image|Virgin Class 390 1 2nd Livery.png|x37px|Illustration of a Virgin Trains Class 390/1 unit in ''Flowing Silk'' livery}}
{{Wide image|Avanti Class 390 1.png|x37px|Illustration of an Avanti West Coast Class 390/1 unit}}

=== Names ===
All 53 of the original units were given cast nameplates in a standard style bearing the word ''Pendolino'' on the top of each name although several units were subsequently renamed with similar replacement cast nameplates being fitted. New cast names were applied to the additional four units after they had initially entered service without names.

Cast nameplates were removed from each unit when they were repainted into ''Flowing Silk'' in 2017{{ndash}}2018 and most of the Virgin-prefixed names have not been reapplied. However, those named after places, people and events have generally had the name reapplied in the form of a vinyl sticker.<ref name="TRUK191" /><ref name="AWCNamedTrains">{{cite web |last1=Penn |first1=Chris |title=Our Named Trains |url=https://www.avantiwestcoast.co.uk/travel-information/onboard/about-our-trains/named-trains |website=Avanti West Coast |access-date=28 July 2024 |ref=AWC Named Units}}</ref>

==== List ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|In service
| bgcolor="#cccccc" |Scrapped
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="60" | Number
! width="150" |Name
!Notes
|-
| 390001
| ''Bee Together''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
| Named on 20 July 2018 to mark launch of exhibition of over 100 sculptures of Manchester's worker bee emblem.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessmanchester.co.uk/2018/07/23/virgin-trains-names-train-to-mark-the-launch-of-bee-in-the-city/ |first1=Sam |last1=Whitear |date=23 July 2018 |title=Virgin Trains names train to mark the launch of Bee in the City |publisher=Business Manchester |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 390002
| ''[[Stephen Sutton]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
| Named after teenage cancer patient who raised over £5{{nbsp}}million before his death in 2014.<ref name="BBC-34255791">{{cite news |date=15 September 2015 |title=Fundraising sensation Stephen Sutton has Virgin train named after him |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-34255791 |access-date=15 September 2015 |archive-date=15 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915214009/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-34255791 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{ubl|390003|(390103)}}
| ''[[Asquith Xavier]]''<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2 October 2023 |title=Pendolino named Asquith Xavier in honour of train guard who fought the colour bar |url=https://newsdesk.avantiwestcoast.co.uk/news/pendolino-named-asquith-xavier-in-honour-of-train-guard-who-fought-the-colour-bar |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=Avanti West Coast}}</ref>
| Formerly ''Virgin Hero''. Between 2014 and 2019 carried [[Royal British Legion]] World War I commemorative branding.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
|-
| {{ubl|390004|(390104)}}
| ''[[Alstom|Alstom Pendolino]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
| In September 2010 it was given a  co-branded livery in partnership with Alstom and Virgin Trains.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 September 2010 |title=New look for Virgin Pendolino |website=Rail-News.com |publisher=Rail Media |location=Coalville |url=http://rail-news.com/2010/09/16/new-look-for-virgin-pendolino |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322125422/http://www.rail-news.com/2010/09/16/new-look-for-virgin-pendolino/ |archive-date=22 March 2012 |quote=Alstom and Virgin Trains launched a co-branded branded Pendolino at London Euston today.}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2010/9/alstom-and-virgin-trains-launch-co-branded-alstom-pendolino-a-train-with-a-mission- |publisher=Alstom |title=Alstom and Virgin Trains launch co-branded "Alstom Pendolino", a train with a mission |date=20 September 2010 |access-date=15 March 2023 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317185554/https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2010/9/alstom-and-virgin-trains-launch-co-branded-alstom-pendolino-a-train-with-a-mission- |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 390005
| ''[[City of Wolverhampton]]''<ref name="Milner-20190610">{{Cite web |last=Milner |first=Chris |date=10 June 2019 |title=Grab yourself some Virgin Trains memorabilia |url=https://www.railwaymagazine.co.uk/10314/grab-yourself-some-virgin-trains-memorabilia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610132710/https://www.railwaymagazine.co.uk/10314/grab-yourself-some-virgin-trains-memorabilia/|archive-date=10 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=The Railway Magazine}}</ref><ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|
|-
| 390008
| ''[[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
| Formerly ''Virgin King''.  Named at Glasgow Central on 19 March 2018 as part of the 150th anniversary celebrations of famed architect and artist<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/virgin-trains-names-train-after-scottish-cultural-icon-charles-rennie-mackintosh-2452285 |title=Virgin Trains names train after Scottish cultural icon Charles Rennie Mackintosh |date=19 March 2018 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |access-date=18 November 2019 |publisher=Virgin Trains |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617031356/https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/virgin-trains-names-train-after-scottish-cultural-icon-charles-rennie-mackintosh-2452285 |quote=The 390008 Pendolino train, adorned with Mackintosh’s trademark moustache on the front and his name displayed in his own lettering on plaques on either side, arrived into Glasgow Central station at 09.45am this morning.}}</ref><ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|-
| 390009
| ''Treaty of Union''<ref name="Milner-20190610"/><ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
| Formerly ''Virgin Queen'' 
|-
| 390010
| ''Cumbrian Spirit''<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/virgin-trains-celebrates-cumbrian-spirit-in-the-wake-of-the-floods-1332513 |title=Virgin Trains celebrates 'Cumbrian Spirit' in the wake of the floods |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=2 November 2019 |publisher=Virgin Trains |quote=Pendolino 390010 now carries the name ‘The Cumbrian Spirit’ to acknowledge the courage and resolve shown by local as they rebuild their lives and businesses after the floods. |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617031356/https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/virgin-trains-celebrates-cumbrian-spirit-in-the-wake-of-the-floods-1332513 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| Formerly ''[[Commonwealth Games 2002]]'', then renamed ''[[Chris Green (railway manager)|Chris Green]]'', then renamed ''A Decade of Progress'' at Wolverhampton in May 2007 after a book written by John Balmforth.
Was the first nine-car Pendolino to have Virgin's updated ''Flowing Silk'' livery. Cast ''The Cumbrian Spirit'' nameplates removed and name now carried by a sticker in the same style.
|-
| 390011
| ''[[City of Lichfield]]''<ref name="Milner-20190610"/><ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|
|-
| {{ubl|390012|(390112)}}
|
| Formerly ''Virgin Star''. Wore temporarily applied Christmas-themed vinyls on each driving car during December 2014 and branded 'Traindeer'<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/traindeer-let-loose-on-the-virgin-trains-network-1093112 |title=Traindeer let loose on the Virgin Trains network! |date=2 December 2014 |access-date=2 November 2019 |publisher=Virgin Trains |quote=Sisters, Ella and Ruby Prior from Congleton, Cheshire have had their artistic vision brought to life as Virgin Trains reveals a “Traindeer” on their network, which was inspired by the design submitted by the girls for a Christmas card competition. The Pendolino train was given the full festive treatment and was transformed into a reindeer (complete with a red nose!) before being unveiled at Manchester Piccadilly station in a surprise reveal. |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617031356/https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/traindeer-let-loose-on-the-virgin-trains-network-1093112 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 390013
| ''Blackpool Belle''
| Formerly ''Virgin Spirit''. Wore temporarily applied Christmas-themed vinyls on each driving car during December 2015 and branded 'Penguilino'.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Clinnick |first=Richard |date=2 December 2015 |title=Meet the Penguilino |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/2015/12/02/meet-the-penguilino |url-status=live |magazine=Rail Magazine |location=Peterborough |publisher=[[Bauer Consumer Media]] |issn=0953-4563 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414010308/https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/2015/12/02/meet-the-penguilino |archive-date=14 April 2018 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref> Named ‘'Blackpool Belle'’ in 2018 to celebrate the launch of Pendolino services to Blackpool.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/virgins-pendolino-train-named-blackpool-belle-to-celebrate-launch-of-electric-services-2513775 |title=Virgin's Pendolino train named Blackpool Belle to celebrate launch of electric services |date=21 May 2018 |access-date=2 November 2019 |publisher=Virgin Trains |quote=Virgin Trains has named one of its Pendolinos Blackpool Belle to celebrate the launch of its first electric services to and from the resort today (Monday 21 May). The 390013 Pendolino carries the name made famous by the resort’s first illuminated tram and an excursion train which took people across Lancashire for a Saturday night of dancing through the 1930s to 1960s. |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617031356/https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/virgins-pendolino-train-named-blackpool-belle-to-celebrate-launch-of-electric-services-2513775 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{ubl|390014|(390114)}}
| ''[[City of Manchester]]''<ref name="Milner-20190610"/><ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|
|-
| {{ubl|390015|(390115)}}
| ''Crewe All Change''
| Formerly ''Virgin Crusader''<ref name="Milner-20190610"/>
|-
| {{ubl|390016|(390200)}}
| ''Railway 200''
| Named to mark 200th anniversary of the modern railway.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holden |first=Michael |date=30 January 2025 |title=Historic locos line up to launch the Greatest Gathering |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2025/01/alstom-opens-derby-litchurch-lane-works-with-special-guest-locomotives.html |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=RailAdvent}}</ref>
|-
| {{ubl|390017|(390117)}}
| ''[[Blue Peter]]''
| Formerly ''Virgin Prince''.<ref name="Milner-20190610"/> Current name unveiled in October 2018 to mark the 60th anniversary of the BBC children's TV programme of the same name.<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/virgin-trains-marks-60-years-of-blue-peter-with-train-naming-2767302 |date=16 October 2018 |access-date=13 November 2013 |publisher=Virgin Trains |title=Virgin Trains marks 60 years of Blue Peter with train naming |quote=Virgin Trains has named one of its flagship Pendolinos ‘'Blue Peter’' to mark the 60th birthday of the world’s longest running children’s TV show. |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617031356/https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/virgin-trains-marks-60-years-of-blue-peter-with-train-naming-2767302 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[2025 Shap derailment|Derailed at Shap]] on 3 November 2025.<ref name="ITN031125">{{cite web |title=87 passengers evacuated in major incident after train derailment at Shap in Cumbria |url=https://www.itv.com/news/border/2025-11-03/ambulances-sent-to-scene-of-train-derailment-in-cumbria |accessdate=3 November 2025 |publisher=ITV News}}</ref>
|-
| {{ubl|390018|(390118)}}
|
| Formerly ''Virgin Princess''<ref name="Milner-20190610"/>
|-
| {{ubl|390019|(390119)}}
| ''Progress''
| Formerly ''Virgin Warrior'',<ref name="Milner-20190610"/> then renamed ''[[The Unknown Warrior|Unknown Soldier]]''. Name unveiled on 11 November 2018 to mark the 100th anniversary of the end of [[World War I]]. Carries vinyls on all 11 carriages for Avanti West Coast Pride
|-
| {{ubl|390021|(390121)}}
| ''Opportunity''<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Suggestions sought for name of Avanti's new train fleet |magazine=Rail Magazine |issue=954 |date=6 April 2022 |page=26}}</ref>
| Formerly ''Virgin Dream''<ref name="Milner-20190610"/> Carries vinyls on all 11 carriages for [[Avanti West Coast]] climate livery for [[Cop26]] in [[Glasgow]] to tackle climate change.
|-
| {{ubl|390022|(390122)}}
| ''Penny the Pendolino''<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=10 January 2008 |title=Penny the Pendolino becomes 'One in a Million' |url=https://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/penny-the-pendolino-becomes-one-in-a-million |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200529/https://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/penny-the-pendolino-becomes-one-in-a-million |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=Rail Technology Magazine}}</ref>
| Formerly ''Virgin Hope''
|-
| {{ubl|390025|(390125)}}
|
| Formerly ''[[Stagecoach Group|Virgin Stagecoach]]''. First Pendolino to have Avanti's fully refurbished interior.<ref>{{Cite news |title=First 'as new' refurbished Avanti West Coast Pendolino takes to the tracks |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2022/04/first-as-new-refurbished-avanti-west-coast-pendolino-takes-to-the-tracks.html |access-date=25 April 2022 |work=Rail Advent |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425082844/https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2022/04/first-as-new-refurbished-avanti-west-coast-pendolino-takes-to-the-tracks.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{ubl|390028|(390128)}}
| ''[[City of Preston, Lancashire|City of Preston]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|
|-
| {{ubl|390029|(390129)}}
|''[[City of Stoke-on-Trent]] Centenary 1925-2025''<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2025 |last=Thompson|first=Victoria|title=390129 'Stoke-on-Trent' Pendolino Gets New Nameplate |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2025/06/390129-stoke-on-trent-pendolino-gets-new-nameplate.html |access-date=1 July 2025 |publisher=RailAdvent}}</ref>
|Formerly ''[[City of Stoke-on-Trent]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/> Wore temporarily applied vinyls on all nine coaches advertising ''[[Superman Returns]]'' during 2006 and temporarily applied vinyls on all nine coaches advertising ''[[Monkey: Journey to the West]]'' during 2007. Cab-end nameplates ''Brett'' installed in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Roger |date=14 April 2022 |title=Avanti West Coast's 390129 City of Stoke On Trent named in Duty Control Manager's honour |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2022/04/avanti-west-coasts-390129-city-of-stoke-on-trent-named-in-duty-control-managers-honour.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=RailAdvent |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418114455/https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2022/04/avanti-west-coasts-390129-city-of-stoke-on-trent-named-in-duty-control-managers-honour.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{ubl|390030|(390130)}}
| ''[[Edinburgh|City of Edinburgh]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|
|-
| {{ubl|390031|(390131)}}
| ''[[Liverpool|City of Liverpool]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|
|-
| {{ubl|390032|(390132)}}
| ''[[City of Birmingham]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"
| 390033
| ''[[Glasgow|City of Glasgow]]''
|[[Grayrigg derailment|Crashed at Grayrigg]] on 23 February 2007; formally written off on 30 November 2007.<ref name="rail 585-66">{{cite magazine |last=Coward |first=Andy |title=Virgin Trains writes off its Lambrigg crash Pendolino |magazine=Rail Magazine |location=Peterborough |publisher=Bauer Consumer Media |issue=585 |page=66 |issn=0953-4563}}</ref><ref name="390 033">{{cite magazine |date=March 2008 |title=DfT rejects Virgin bid for longer Pendolinos |magazine=The Railway Magazine |location=London |publisher=Mortons of Horncastle |page=9 |issn=0033-8923}}</ref> The two undamaged vehicles were taken to the Virgin Trains staff training centre in Crewe.<ref name="vtta"/> One damaged, but substantially intact, vehicle was donated to [[Cranfield University|Cranfield University's]] accident investigation laboratory,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lo |first1=Chris |last2=Marcelling |first2=Frances |last3=Braithwaite |first3=Graham |title=Learning to be a Rail Safety and Accident Investigator with Cranfield University |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/features/featurelearning-to-be-a-rail-safety-and-accident-investigator-with-cranfield-university-4517228/ |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=Railway Technology |publisher=Verdict Media |date=12 April 2015 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211181911/https://www.railway-technology.com/features/featurelearning-to-be-a-rail-safety-and-accident-investigator-with-cranfield-university-4517228/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and a further two such vehicles were used at the [[Fire Service College]] in [[Moreton-in-Marsh]] until they were scrapped in 2022.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Pendolino cars scrapped |magazine=Railways Illustrated |date=March 2022 |page=10 |publisher=Mortons Media Group |location=Horncastle}}</ref>
|-
| {{ubl|390034|(390134)}}
| ''[[City of Carlisle]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|
|-
| {{ubl|390035|(390135)}}
| ''[[City of Lancaster]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
| Name missing on one side since repaint June 2019, name only carried on eastern side (when running in normal formation).
|-
| {{ubl|390036|(390136)}}
| ''[[City of Coventry]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|
|-
| {{ubl|390038|(390138)}}
| ''[[City of London]]''<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|
|-
| 390039
| ''[[Lady Godiva]]''
| Formerly ''Virgin Quest''. Renamed ''[[Lady Godiva]]'' on 4 April 2019.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/virgin-trains-flies-the-flag-for-coventry-2857037 |title=Virgin Trains flies the flag for Coventry |date=5 April 2019 |access-date=2 November 2019 |publisher=[[Virgin Trains]] |quote=Pendolino 390039 also proudly adorns the city’s first official flag on each cab end. |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617031356/https://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/media-room#/pressreleases/virgin-trains-flies-the-flag-for-coventry-2857037 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Sandford |first=Elis |date=4 April 2019 |title=Coventry welcomes Lady Godiva train on maiden voyage |newspaper=[[Coventry Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Reach plc|Reach]] |url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/coventry-news-lady-godiva-train-16077921 |access-date=4 April 2019 |archive-date=4 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404182909/https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/coventry-news-lady-godiva-train-16077921 |url-status=live}}</ref> It also has the new [[Coventry]] flag on it.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sandford |first=Elis |date=7 December 2018 |title=Lady Godiva features on Coventry's first official flag |newspaper=[[Coventry Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Reach plc|Reach]] |url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/coventry-flag-city-of-culture-15516206 |access-date=4 April 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707175847/https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/coventry-flag-city-of-culture-15516206 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 390042
|
| Name ''[[Bangor, Gwynedd|City of Bangor/Dinas Bangor]]'' was moved to {{brc|221|Super Voyager}} unit 221 116.<ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
|-
| 390044
| ''[[Royal Scot (train)|Royal Scot]]''
| Formerly ''Virgin Lionheart''. Renamed before attempting to beat the London to Glasgow speed record set by the APT.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 June 2021 |title=TODAY: Avanti West Coast to attempt London to Glasgow speed record |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/06/today-avanti-west-coast-to-attempt-london-to-glasgow-speed-record.html |access-date=17 June 2021 |work=RailAdvent |archive-date=17 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617080232/https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/06/today-avanti-west-coast-to-attempt-london-to-glasgow-speed-record.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The train failed by 21 seconds but set a new London to Glasgow speed record for the Class 390.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 June 2021 |title=London to Glasgow fastest rail journey attempt fails by 21 seconds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-57511346 |access-date=24 June 2021 |work=BBC News |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211159/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-57511346 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 390045
|''Birmingham Pride''<ref name="TRM1464">{{cite magazine |title=Stock Update |magazine=The Railway Magazine |publisher=Mortons Media Group |publication-place=Horncastle |issue=March 2023 |page=92}}</ref>
| Formerly ''Virgin Valiant'', then ''[[No. 101 Squadron RAF|101 Squadron]]'', then ''Virgin Pride''. Carried rainbow branding on coaches A and K with #ridewithpride slogan.
|-
| {{ubl|390048|(390148)}}
| ''Flying Scouseman''
|Formerly ''Virgin Harrier''. Renamed as part of the ''[[Liverpool Echo]]'' train naming competition in June 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last=MacDonald |first=Ian |date=8 May 2017 |title=The Flying Scouseman wins our Name a Train competition |newspaper=Liverpool Echo |publisher=[[Reach plc|Reach]] |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/flying-scouseman-wins-name-train-13003934 |url-status=live |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614100752/http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/flying-scouseman-wins-name-train-13003934 |archive-date=14 June 2017 |issn=1751-6277}}</ref>
|-
| 390049
|
| Formerly ''Virgin Express''<ref name="Milner-20190610"/>
|-
| 390051<br>(390151)
| ''[[The Unknown Warrior|Unknown Soldier]]''
| Formerly ''Virgin Ambassador''. Carrying a new [[Royal British Legion]] commemorative poppy livery.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=7 November 2025 |title=Avanti West Coast poppy train carries wreath on poignant journey to mark Remembrance |url=https://newsdesk.avantiwestcoast.co.uk/news/avanti-west-coast-poppy-train-carries-wreath-on-poignant-journey-to-mark-remembrance |access-date=7 November 2025 |website=Avanti West Coast}}</ref>
|-
| 390155
| ''Railway Benefit Fund''
| Formerly ''[[X-Men: Days of Future Past]]''. Named at {{stnlnk|Euston}} station on 31 March 2014 to promote the film of the same name.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Clinnick |first=Richard |date=30 April 2014 |title=Meet the 'X-Mendolino' |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/trains/current-trains/meet-the-x-mendolino |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530145702/http://www.railmagazine.com/trains/current-trains/meet-the-x-mendolino|archive-date=30 May 2016 |access-date=1 June 2021 |magazine=Rail Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2014 |title=Hugh Jackman & James McAvoy unveil Virgin's official X-Men: Days of Future Past train |url=https://www.seenit.co.uk/hugh-jackman-james-mcavoy-unveil-virgins-official-x-men-days-of-future-past-train/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717123628/http://www.seenit.co.uk/hugh-jackman-james-mcavoy-unveil-virgins-official-x-men-days-of-future-past-train/ |archive-date=17 July 2014 |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=Seenit}}</ref> Named ''Railway Benefit Fund'' in April 2021 as part of a fundraising drive by Avanti West Coast, promoting the charity of the same name.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2021 |title=Avanti West Coast names Pendolino 390155 'Railway Benefit Fund' |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/04/avanti-west-coast-names-pendolino-390155-railway-benefit-fund.html |access-date=3 May 2021 |work=RailAdvent |archive-date=3 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503172255/https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/04/avanti-west-coast-names-pendolino-390155-railway-benefit-fund.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 390156
| ''Pride and Prosperity''<ref>{{Cite news |title=West Coast looks forward with Avanti |url=https://www.therailwayhub.co.uk/9600/west-coast-looks-forward-with-avanti/ |work=The Railway Hub |access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="AWCNamedTrains"/>
| 
|-
| 390157
| ''[[Chad Varah]]''<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.samaritans.org/news/press-release-samaritans-founder-honoured-rail-industry/ |title=Samaritans founder honoured by the rail industry |website=Samaritans |date=4 October 2012 |access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref>
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|British Rail Class 390}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Class 390 extension programme enters its final stages|magazine=Rail|page=33|issue=710|date=28 November – 11 December 2012|location=Peterborough|publisher=Bauer|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}

{{high-speed rail}}
{{Pendolino}}
{{British Rail EMU}}

[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|390]]
[[Category:Tilting trains]]
[[Category:Pendolino]]
[[Category:High-speed trains of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 2002]]
[[Category:Virgin Trains]]
[[Category:25 kV AC multiple units]]
[[Category:Passenger trains running at least at 200 km/h in commercial operations]]