View source for British Rail Class 85

{{Short description|Class of British electric locomotives}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2011}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name             = British Railways AL5<br />British Rail Class 85
| image            = 85018 at Birmingham New Street - 5138902021.jpg
| alt              = 
| caption          = 85018 at {{stnlnk|Birmingham New Street}} in 1986
| powertype        = Electric
| designer         = 
| builder          = [[British Railways]] [[Doncaster Works]]
| ordernumber      = 
| serialnumber     = 
| buildmodel       = 
| builddate        = 1961–1964
| totalproduction  = 40
| rebuilder        = 
| rebuilddate      = 
| numberrebuilt    = 
| uicclass         = Bo′Bo′
| Britishclass     = [[Bo-Bo]]
| gauge            = {{track gauge|uksg|allk=on|al=on}}
| bogies           = 
| wheeldiameter    = {{cvt|4|ft|0|in|m|2}}
| minimumcurve     = {{cvt|4|chain|ftin m|0|order=out}}
| wheelbase        = {{cvt|42|ft|3|in|m|2}}
|  bogie           = {{cvt|10|ft|9|in|m|2}}
| pivotcentres     = {{cvt|31|ft|6|in|m|2}}
| length           = {{cvt|56|ft|6|in|m|2}} {{avoid wrap|over buffers}}
|  body            = 
| width            = {{cvt|8|ft|8+1/4|in|m|3}}
| height           = 
|  pantodown       = {{cvt|13|ft|0+9/16|in|m|3}}
|  bodyonly        = {{cvt|12|ft|4+1/4|in|m|3}}
| frametype        = 
| axleload         = {{convert|20|LT|11|Lcwt|t LT ST|order=out|abbr=on}}
| locoweight       = {{convert|80|t|t LT ST|order=out|abbr=on}}
| sandcap          = 
| powersupply      = 
| electricsystem   = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead]]
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]]<br />([[Stone-Faiveley AMBR pantograph|Stone-Faiveley AMBR]])
| alternator       = 
| generator        = 
| tractionmotors   = 4 × [[Associated Electrical Industries|AEI]] Type 189
|  t/m amps 1 hr   = <!-- Power output rating per motor -->
|  t/m amps cont   = 700 A per motor
| transmission     = 
| gear ratio       = 29:76<ref name="railarch 1961">{{cite book |url=https://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/AEI_HVACLocos_1961.pdf |title=High-Voltage A.C. Locomotives Built by British Railways |publisher=Traction Division, Associated Electrical Industries |place=Manchester |date=1961 |id=Publication 1737{{hyphen}}74 |access-date=21 January 2021 |via=the Railways Archive}}</ref>
| multipleworking  = 
| trainheating     = [[Electric Train Heating|Electric Train Supply]], index 66<br />(320 kW at 800 V AC)
| locobrakes       = [[Railway air brake|Air]] {{nowrap|and [[Rheostatic brake|rheostatic]]}}
| locobrakeforce   = 67.3% of loco weight {{avoid wrap|(inc. rheostatic brake)}}
| trainbrakes      = Air and [[Vacuum brake|vacuum]]
| reservoircap     = 
| compressorcap    = 
| exhaustercap     = 
| safety           = 
| coupling         = 
| maxspeed         = {{ubl|85/0: {{convert|100|mph|abbr=on}}|85/1: {{convert|80|mph|abbr=on}}}}
| poweroutput      = 
|  poweroutput start= 
|  poweroutput 1 hr= 
|  poweroutput cont= {{convert|3200|hp|kW|abbr=on}} at rails
| tractiveeffort   = 
|  t/e starting    = {{convert|50000|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}}
|  t/e 1 hr        = 
|  t/e continuous  = {{convert|17000|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} at {{cvt|71|mph}}
| factorofadhesion = 
|  f/adh starting  = 
|  f/adh 1 hr      = 
|  f/adh continuous= 
| operator         = [[British Rail]]
| operatorclass    = 
| powerclass       = 
| numinclass       = 
| fleetnumbers     = E3056–E3095; later 85001–85040
| officialname     = 
| nicknames        = 
| axleloadclass    = [[Route Availability]] 6
| locale           = 
| deliverydate     = 
| firstrundate     = 
| lastrundate      = 
| retiredate       = 1981–1992
| withdrawndate    = 
| preservedunits   = 
| restoredate      = 
| scrapdate        = 
| currentowner     = 
| disposition      = One preserved, {{avoid wrap|remainder scrapped}}
| notes            = Specifications as at December 1986<ref name="BRB110">{{cite book |title=Vehicle Diagram Book No. 110 for Electric Locomotives |publisher=Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Department, British Railways Board |location=Derby |date=December 1986<!--DATE OF CITED DIAGRAM, NOT ENTIRE BOOK--> |at=85{{hyphen}}0aX (in work p. 8) |access-date=6 February 2022 |url=http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Locos/Book_No_110_N1_web.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125113452/http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Locos/Book_No_110_N1_web.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live |via=Barrowmore MRG |format=PDF<!--Deny Citation Bot-->}}</ref> except where otherwise noted.
}}

The British Rail '''Class 85''' (also known by the designation '''AL5''') is an electric locomotive that was designed and produced at [[British Rail]]’s (BR) [[Doncaster Works]] during the early 1960s. While largely developed by BR, much of its systems can be attributed to the British manufacturing interest [[Associated Electrical Industries]] (AEI).<ref name="railarch 1961"/> 

The locomotive was developed as a part of the programme of works to electrify the [[West Coast Main Line]] during the late 1950s and early 1960s. BR deliberately opted to procure multiple batches of locomotives from a range of manufacturers, leading to the procurement of five prototype classes (Classes 81-85) and subsequently placed a larger order for a refined model of one of these, eventually leading to the development of the [[British Rail Class 86|Class 86]] locomotive.

The Class 85 proved to be a relatively reliable workhorse of the London Midland region, particularly following a refurbishment during the 1970s that saw the replacement of their [[rectifier]]s. Some members of the type were in service for thirty years, their withdrawal having commenced during the mid 1980s and lasting into the early 1990s, having been effectively displaced by the arrival of newer types such as the {{brc|87}} and later {{brc|90}}. Following the retirement of the Class 85, a single example was preserved.

==Background==
During the late 1950s, [[British Rail]] (BR) embarked upon the electrification of the [[West Coast Main Line]], a strategy which necessitated the procurement of a large number of electric locomotives to utilise the newly-installed infrastructure. A detailed specification, listing various performance attributes for such a locomotive, was produced by the [[British Transport Commission]].<ref name="railarch 1961"/> 

It was decided that, instead of a bulk order from a single manufacturer, several batches of similar locomotives would be ordered from several companies, the first of these being the [[British Rail Class 81|AL1]] series.<ref name="railarch 1960"/> Further contracts were awarded, including one to BR's own [[Doncaster Works]], to procure a similar locomotive, thus resulting in the Class 85. Under the earlier BR classification, the type was given the designation ''AL5'' (meaning the fifth design of 25 kV AC locomotive), and locomotives were numbered E3056–E3095.<ref name="Longhurst">{{cite book |title=Electric Locomotives of the West Coast Main Line |first=Roly |last=Longhurst |publisher=D. Bradford Barton |location=Truro |year=1979 |at=AL5{{hyphen}}85 |isbn=0-85153-3558 |oclc=16491712}}</ref><ref name="railarch 1961"/> 

While BR planned had intended for this procurement strategy to have led to work being spread out to a variety of different manufacturers, many of the systems used across the different prototype classes were similar or in some cases identical, having been supplied by the same firm, the [[Metropolitan-Vickers]] division of the British manufacturing group [[Associated Electrical Industries]] (AEI).<ref name="railarch 1960">{{cite book |url=https://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/AEI_E3046_1960.pdf |title=A.C. Type 'A' Electric Locomotives for British Railways, Nos E3046–E3055 |publisher=Traction Division, Associated Electrical Industries |place=Manchester |date=1960 |id=Publication 1737{{hyphen}}73 |access-date=19 January 2021 |via=the Railways Archive}}</ref><ref name="railarch 1961"/> Between 1961 and 1964, a total of forty such locomotives were constructed, all of which were built at Doncaster.

== Design ==
The Class 85 is an [[Alternating current|AC]] [[electric locomotive]] intended for express services on the [[West Coast Main Line]].<ref name="railarch 1961"/> Its design bore considerable similarities to the earlier [[British Rail Class 81]], particularly in terms of their shared AEI-supplied equipment. One key area of difference was its adoption of [[semiconductor]]-based [[rectifier]]s and a [[Potentiometer#Rheostat|rheostatic]] braking system; the latter was viewed as likely to generate considerable cost savings in comparison to conventional braking by reducing wheel wear.<ref name="railarch 1961"/> A small proportion of the locomotive's equipment, such as the [[bogies]], were designed by the French industrial group [[Alstom]].<ref name="railarch 1961"/>

In order to achieve the minimal weight requirement stipulated by BR, while still maintaining sufficient structural strength, the lower halves of the body sides were merged into the locomotive's underframe, while the roof and sides above the base of the windows were built from a relatively light steel frame with an aluminium covering.<ref name="railarch 1961"/> The underframe is a [[welding|welded]] steel assembly divided into seven box-like sections, while the bogie frame is built from rolled steel members that were welded together. On the outer faces of the underframe, the coupler and [[oil|oleo]]-[[pneumatic]] buffers were fitted.<ref name="railarch 1961"/> The locomotive was seated upon each bogie via a double-ended rubber cone-shaped [[wikt:pivot|pivot]], the alignment of which was defined by a transverse spring anchorage. Much of the weight was carried by two sets of four spring-loaded side-bearers, which used rubber brushes wherever practical to eliminate the need for lubrication.<ref name="railarch 1961"/>

The Class 85 featured a sizeable power compartment, of which particular attention was paid to making it as accessible for maintenance purposes as was realistically possible.<ref name="railarch 1961"/> The bulk of the equipment was installed within two compartments, one containing the rectifier apparatus and the other accommodated the main [[transformer]] and associated equipment, while a walkway spanned the length of the power compartment for access purposes. Above the transformer was its roof-mounted radiator and cooling fans, while the braking resistors and motor contactor panel were positioned close by.<ref name="railarch 1961"/> In between the transformer unit and the rear bulkhead was the brake compressor, primary air reservoir, and the fault indicator panel. On the opposite side of the power compartment, next to the forward bulkhead, was the auxiliary compressor, battery charging apparatus, and a chemical toilet for the locomotive crew.<ref name="railarch 1961"/>

Power was delivered to the locomotive via [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]], which was always energised at 25,000&nbsp;V AC. However, the main transformer, which was normally operated with the four windings in series, could be operated at 6.25 kV AC with the transformer windings in parallel. This voltage was intended to be used where [[Structure gauge|limited clearances]] gave concern over use of the higher voltage arcing onto lineside structures, especially those made of [[cast iron]]. Since the clearances were found to be adequate, the lower voltage connections were locked out of use.<ref>{{cite book |title=ABC of British Railways locomotives and other motive power (Combined volume) |year=1968 |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing |location=London |isbn=0-71100-008-5 |chapter=British Railways Motive Power Survey |page=11}}</ref> A standardised [[Stone-Faiveley AMBR pantograph]] was adopted for the type, which was raised using pressurised air, the power for which was provided via the [[Electric battery|battery]]-powered auxiliary air compressor.<ref name="railarch 1961" />

Driver's cabs are provided at both ends of the locomotive.<ref name="railarch 1961"/> The cabs are of double-skin construction, with a sheet steel exterior around a steel frame, and an inner lining of plastic-faced plywood along with [[fibreglass]] mouldings for the ceiling. [[Asbestos]] was also applied for its [[thermal insulation]] and [[soundproofing]] properties; several electric heater units were also present each of the cabs.<ref name="railarch 1961"/> The driving controls, which conformed to BR's standard conventions of the era, were mounted on a sloped plastic-covered desk directly beneath the forward window; various instruments, light switches, indicators, and gauges lined the centre console. The master controller was to the right of the driver while the air brake controls were to the left.<ref name="railarch 1961"/>

==Operational history==
[[File:Electric_hauled_train_at_Euston,_1966,_geograph_6436599_by_Alan_Murray_Rust.jpg|thumb|A Class 85 at the front of a train at Euston in 1966, shortly after the introduction of electric services.]]
Upon their entry to service, the AL5 fleet was used to haul express trains on the then newly electrified [[West Coast Main Line]], from [[Birmingham New Street railway station|Birmingham]],  to {{stnlnk|Crewe}}, [[Manchester Piccadilly railway station|Manchester Piccadilly]], [[Liverpool Lime Street railway station|Liverpool]], and later {{stnlnk|Preston}}. By 1965, electrification had spread south to [[Euston railway station|London Euston]], allowing for services to be extended shortly thereafter.{{CN|date=January 2021}}

The first 30 Class 85 locomotives were built with [[germanium]] [[rectifiers]] in their power systems, after which the final 10 used [[silicon]]-based rectifiers instead.<ref name="railarch 1961"/><ref name="Longhurst" /> Silicon rectifiers were retrofitted across the whole fleet by the end of 1986.<ref name="BRB110" />

In 1968, the type was reclassified as Class 85 as a result of BR's introduction of the [[TOPS#TOPS Numbering Under British Rail|TOPS]] numbering system. From 1971 onwards, locomotives were progressively renumbered into the 85001–85040 range. Fourteen locomotives were later converted for freight-only use, numbered in the 85/1 subclass. These locomotives were restricted to {{cvt|80|mph|0}}.{{CN|date=January 2021}}

==Accidents and incidents==
* On 23 April 1983, 85027 caught fire while hauling a southbound [[Intermodal freight transport|intermodal]] train near [[Kings Langley]]. It was not returned to service.<ref name="85027fire">{{cite magazine |title=Readers' round-up |page=48 |date=August 1983 |magazine=Rail Enthusiast |publisher=EMAP National Publications |issn=0262-561X |oclc=49957965}}</ref>
* On 13 October 1985, 85001 caught fire while hauling the 16:15 [[Euston railway station|Euston]] to [[Manchester Piccadilly station|Manchester]] service.
* On 27 April 1989, a passenger train hauled by 85012 was derailed near {{rws|Northampton}}.<ref name="NSES89">{{cite web |url=https://www.nsers.org/jan-dec-89.html |title=January 1989 to December 1989 |publisher=Network South East Railway Society |first=John P |last=McCrickard |date=6 October 2016 |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626223258/https://www.nsers.org/jan-dec-89.html |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Preservation ==
One locomotive has been preserved, 85006, which was previously numbered E3061 and 85101. It is owned by the [[AC Locomotive Group]], which also has examples of [[British Rail Class 81|Classes 81]], [[British Rail Class 82|82]] and [[British Rail Class 83|83]] at [[Barrow Hill Roundhouse]]. It is painted in BR Blue livery; previously, it had been named to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Doncaster Works and was painted in [[Railfreight Distribution]] livery, which was never carried in service. Their long-term intention is to restore this locomotive to working order.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aclocogroup.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotives-summary/85006-e3061 |title=The AC Locomotive Group: E3061/85006 |website=Aclocogroup.co.uk |date=21 April 2023 |access-date=14 October 2025}}</ref>

== Fleet details ==
[[File:85101 'Doncaster Plant 150 1853-2003' at Doncaster Works.JPG|thumb|right|Class 85, no. 85101 ''Doncaster Plant 150 1853-2003'', on display at [[Doncaster railway works|Doncaster Works]] open day on 27 July 2003]]

{| class="wikitable"
!Class
!Qty.
!Numbers
!Withdrawn
|-
!85/0
|align=center|26
|85001–85002, 85005, 85008, 85013–85015, 85017–85020, 85022–85023, 85025–85031, 85033–85034, 85037–85040
|align=center|1985–1991
|-
!85/1
|align=center|14
|85101–85114
|align=center|1990–1992
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|bgcolor=#C5F1FF|Preserved
|bgcolor=#DCDCDC|Scrapped
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|- 
!colspan=3|Numbers<ref name=wnxx>{{cite web |url=http://www.wnxx.com/disposals/disposals85.htm |title=Disposals: Class 85 |work = wnxx. End of the Line: Withdrawn & Stored Locomotives UK |first=Ian |last=Furness |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107005605/http://www.wnxx.com/disposals/disposals85.htm |archive-date=7 January 2009}}</ref>
!rowspan=2|Withdrawn
!align=left rowspan=2|Disposal
|-
!AL5
!85/0
!85/1
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3056
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85001
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1985
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3057
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85002
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1989
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3058
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85003
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85113
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3059
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85004
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85111
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3060
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85005
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=C5F1FF|E3061
|align=center bgcolor=C5F1FF|85006
|align=center bgcolor=C5F1FF|85101
|align=center bgcolor=C5F1FF|1992
|bgcolor=C5F1FF|Preserved at [[Barrow Hill Engine Shed]]
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3062
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85007
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85112
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3063
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85008
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3064
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85009
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85102
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3065
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85010
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85103
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3066
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85011
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85114
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3067
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85012
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85104
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3068
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85013
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3069
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85014
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1989
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3070
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85015
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3071
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85016
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85105
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3072
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85017
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1987
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3073
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85018
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3074
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85019
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1989
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3075
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85020
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Withdrawn following accident,<br />scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3076
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85021
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85106
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3077
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85022
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1989
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3078
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85023
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3079
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85024
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85107
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3080
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85025
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3081
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85026
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3082
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85027
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1983
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Withdrawn following fire damage,{{notetag|Damaged while hauling a southbound [[Intermodal freight transport|intermodal]] train near [[Kings Langley]] on 23 April 1983.<ref name="85027fire" />}}<br />scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3083
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85028
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3084
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85029
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1988<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Traction Talk: Class 85 |page=58 |issue=83 |date=August 1988 |magazine=Rail Magazine |publisher=EMAP National Publications |issn=0953-4563 |oclc=49953699}}</ref>
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3085
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85030
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3086
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85031
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3087
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85032
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85108
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3088
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85033
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1984
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3089
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85034
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3090
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85035
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85109
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3091
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85036
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85110
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3092
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85037
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3093
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85038
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1990
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3094
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85039
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1987
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|E3095
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|85040
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|-
|align=center bgcolor=DCDCDC|1991
|bgcolor=DCDCDC|Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow
|}

==Models==
In 2012, [[Bachmann Branchline|Bachmann]] introduced [[OO gauge]] models of the Class 85 in electric blue and BR blue.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Bachmann displays latest Class 85 livery samples|magazine=Hornby Magazine|pages=10–11|issue=58|date=April 2012|location=Hersham|publisher=Ian Allan Publishing|issn=1753-2469|oclc=226087101}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notefoot}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Looking back at AC Electric Locomotives |first=Kevin |last=Derrick |publisher=Strathwood |year=2014 |isbn=9781905276516 |oclc=931820979}}
* {{cite book |last=McManus |first=Michael |title=Ultimate Allocations, British Railways Locomotives 1948 - 1968 |publisher=Wirral. Michael McManus }}
* {{cite magazine |title=Not the Class 85! |magazine=Traction |issue=188 |date=June 2010 |publisher=Warners Group Publications |issn=1354-2680}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|British Rail Class 85}}
* [http://www.aclocogroup.co.uk/ AC Locomotive Group - Owners of preserved locomotive no. 85101 / E3061]

{{British Rail Locomotives}}

[[Category:British Rail electric locomotives|85]]
[[Category:Bo-Bo locomotives]]
[[Category:25 kV AC locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1961]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives]]