View source for Brody

{{short description|City in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = Brody
| native_name        = Броди
| native_name_lang   = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities in Ukraine|City]]
| image_skyline      = Золота098.jpg
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = A building in central Brody
| image_flag         = Flag of Brody.png
| flag_alt           = 
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| seal_alt           = 
| image_shield       = Brody COA.svg
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| pushpin_map        = Ukraine Lviv Oblast#Ukraine
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| coordinates        = {{coord|50.083141|25.147651|display=inline,title}}
| latN               = 
| longE              = 
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| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{UKR}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Lviv Oblast]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast|Zolochiv Raion]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Hromada]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Brody urban hromada]]
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = 1084
| established_title2 = Town rights
| established_date2  = 1584
| founder            = 
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| population_total   = 23134
| population_as_of   = 2022
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'''Brody''' ({{langx|uk|Броди}}, {{IPA|uk|ˈbrɔdɪ|ipa|audio=LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Gzhegozh-Броди.wav}}; {{langx|pl|Brody}}; {{langx|de|Brody}}; {{langx|yi|בראָד|Brod}}) is a city in [[Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast|Zolochiv Raion]], [[Lviv Oblast]], western [[Ukraine]]. It is located in the valley of the upper [[Styr|Styr River]], approximately {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=off}} northeast of the oblast capital, [[Lviv]]. Brody hosts the administration of [[Brody urban hromada]], one of the [[hromada]]s of Ukraine.<ref name="admreform_2020_brody">{{cite web |title=Бродовская городская громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/brodivska/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}}</ref> Population: {{Ua-pop-est2022|23,134|.}}

Brody is the junction of the [[Druzhba pipeline|Druzhba]] and [[Odesa–Brody pipeline|Odesa–Brody]] oil [[pipeline transport|pipelines]].

==History==
The first mention of a settlement on the site of Brody is dated 1084 ([[Vladimir II Monomakh#Reign|Instructions by Vladimir Monomach]]). It is believed to have been destroyed by [[Batu Khan]] in 1241.

===Polish Kingdom===
From 1441 Brody was the property of different feudal families ([[Jan Sieniński]]; from 1511, Kamieniecki).

Brody was granted [[Magdeburg rights|Magdeburg town rights]] by Polish King [[Stephen Báthory]] by virtue of a [[privilege (law)|privilege]] issued in [[Lublin]] on 22 August 1584.<ref name=SB>[[Sadok Barącz]], ''Wolne miasto handlowe Brody'', Lwów, 1865, p. 7 (in Polish)</ref> It was named '''Lubicz''' after the [[Lubicz coat of arms]] of the founder, [[Stanisław Żółkiewski]], one of the most accomplished military commanders in Polish history (not to be confused with [[Lubech]], ''Lubecz'').<ref>''Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich'', Tom I, Warsaw, 1880, p. 372 (in Polish)</ref> The king also set up three annual [[fair]]s.<ref name=SB/> These privileges were confirmed by King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] in 1597 at the [[Warsaw]] [[Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Sejm]].<ref>Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 9-10</ref> Already in documents from 1598 the city appeared under the name Brody.<ref>Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 10</ref> It was a [[private town]] of the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish Crown]], owned by houses of Żółkiewski, [[Koniecpolski]] and [[Potocki]].
[[File:Фрагмент карти України Гійома де Боплана 1648 року.png|thumb|left|Brody on a Polish map from 1648]]
From the 17th century until the Holocaust the city was populated not only by [[Ruthenians]] and [[Polish people|Poles]], but also by a significant number of [[Jew]]s (70% of the town's population), [[Armenians]], and [[Greeks]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} From 1629, the city became the property of [[Stanisław Koniecpolski]], another of the most distinguished military commanders in Polish history,<ref>Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 11</ref> who ordered the construction of the [[Brody Castle]] (1630–1635). The castle, or rather the fortress, was designed by the French military engineer [[Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan]]. It was one of the strongest fortresses located on the route of frequent [[Tatars|Tatar]] and [[Cossacks|Cossack]] invasions.<ref name=PWN/> King [[Władysław IV Vasa]], wanting to reward and assist Koniecpolski in the construction of the fortress, issued a privilege in 1633 in [[Kraków]], in which he equated fairs in Brody with those in [[Lublin]] and [[Toruń]], granted [[staple right]] and exempted city residents from taxes for 15 years.<ref>Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 17-18</ref> Under the patronage of Koniecpolski, the city flourished. In 1637 he founded a school in which he employed lecturers from the [[Jagiellonian University|Kraków Academy]], Poland's leading university.<ref>Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 21-22</ref> Its first director was Jan Marcinkowski.<ref>Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 22</ref> In 1643 he founded a [[silk]] and [[wool]] fabric manufacture in the city,<ref name=PWN>{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Brody;3880829.html|title=Brody|website=Encyklopedia PWN|access-date=15 October 2019|language=pl}}</ref> one of the leading manufactories of this type throughout Poland.<ref>Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 17</ref> Stanisław Koniecpolski died in Brody on 11 March 1646.<ref>Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 27-28</ref> On 30 June funeral ceremonies took place in Brody.<ref>Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 28-29</ref>
[[File:BrodyPalacPotockich.JPG|thumb|The deteriorating Potocki Palace today]]
In 1648, during the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising|Cossack uprising]], the castle took eight weeks for [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] to capture. Notably, according to the book ''[[History of the Rus]]'', the town's Jewish population was spared after the sack. The Cossacks destroyed and plundered the city. The Jews of Brody were found not to have been engaged in alleged maltreatment of the Orthodox Christian (Rus) population and were only required to pay a "moderate tribute" in kind.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://izbornyk.org.ua/istrus/istrus05.htm|title=Chapter 4, p. 80.|work=[[History of the Rus]]}}: "А по симъ правиламъ и обширный торговый городъ Броды, наполненный почти одними Жидами, оставленъ въ прежней свободѣ и цѣлости, яко признанный отъ Рускихъ жителей полезнымъ для ихъ оборотовъ и заработковъ, а только взята отъ Жидовъ умѣренная контрибуція сукнами, полотнами и кожами для пошитья реестровому войску мундировъ и обуви, да для продовольствія войскъ нѣкоторая провизія."</ref>

In 1704, Brody was purchased by [[Potocki|Potocki family]]. In 1734, the fortress was destroyed by Russian troops and was later replaced by [[Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki]]'s palace in the Baroque style.

===Austrian Empire===
[[File:Райківка Броди.jpg|thumb|19th-century view of Brody]]
As a result of the [[First Partition of Poland]], in 1772, Brody became a part of the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]] (from 1804 the [[Austrian Empire]]). During the [[Austro-Polish War]] (part of Polish national liberation fights), on 27 May 1809, the city was captured by Poles without a fight. In 1812, [[Wincenty Potocki]] was forced by the Austrian government to remove the city's fortifications. In 1817 a secondary school (''[[Realschule]]'') was founded in Brody, transformed in 1865 into a [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]]. After the [[liberalization]] of Austrian policies in the [[Austrian Partition]] of Poland, after 1904 German was gradually replaced by Polish at this school.<ref>''Nowości Illustrowane'', no. 5, 1904, p. 6 (in Polish)</ref><ref>Zygmunt Zagórowski, ''Spis nauczycieli szkół wyższych, średnich, zawodowych, seminarjów nauczycielskich oraz wykaz zakładów naukowych i władz szkolnych. Rocznik II'', Książnica-Atlas, Warsaw-Lwów, 1926, p. 167 (in Polish)</ref>

===Polish Republic===
In 1919, Brody became part of the [[Second Polish Republic]],<ref name=PWN/> after Poland regained independence a year earlier. It was the site of a battle during the [[Polish-Soviet War]] of 1920<ref name=PWN/> and heavy destruction by both Polish and Russian forces, and is described extensively in stories of the [[Red Cavalry]] by [[Isaac Babel]]. Administratively Brody was the seat of Brody County located in the [[Tarnopol Voivodeship]]. Brody was an important military base, with the [[Kresowa Cavalry Brigade]] headquarters established there. In 1936, the People's University in Brody (''Uniwersytet Ludowy w Brodach'') was founded for farmers from the surrounding area.<ref>''Wschód'', no. 2, 1936, p. 4 (in Polish).</ref>

===World War II===
After the [[Soviet invasion of Poland]], during [[World War II]], in September 1939, Brody was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied]] by the [[Red Army]]. The Soviets deported mainly Polish people deep into the USSR.<ref name=PWN/> Between 26 and 30 June 1941, a [[Battle of Brody (1941)|tank battle]] was fought nearby between the [[1st Panzer Group|German Panzer Group 1]] and five Soviet [[Mechanized corps (Soviet Union)|mechanized corps]] with heavy losses on both sides. From 1941 to 1944 it was occupied by Germany.<ref name=PWN/> The local Jews were murdered in the [[Holocaust]] (see below). During July–August 1944, Brody and nearby areas saw the battles of the strategically important [[Lvov-Sandomierz Operation]] (a.k.a. ''Brodovkiy Kotel'') where the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] army successfully encircled and destroyed German forces. It was occupied by the Soviets again, and in 1945, it was taken from Poland and annexed to the USSR. Brody held the headquarters of German [[Field marshal|Field Marshal]] [[Gerd von Rundstedt]].

=== The Jews in Brody ===
{{Main|History of the Jews in Brody}}
{{clear right}}
{| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width=250 align="right" rules="all" style="margin: 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #aaa; font-size: 100%;"
|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD
| colspan=8 align="center" | '''Jews in Brody'''<br /><small>according to Austrian-Hungarian Census<ref>Ergebnisse der Volkszählungen der K. K. Statistischen Central-Kommission u.a., in: Anson Rabinbach: ''The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna''. Austrian History Yearbook, Volume XI, Berghahn Books/Rice University Press, Houston 1975, S. 46/47 (Table III)</ref></small>
|- bgcolor=#f0f0f0 align="center"
! Year
! total pop.
! Jews
! Share
|- align="right"
| align="left" | 1869 || 18,700 || 15,138 || 80.9%
|- align="right"
| align="left" | 1880 || 20,000 || 15,316 || 76.3%
|- align="right"
| align="left" | 1890 || n. a. || n. a. || n. a.
|- align="right"
| align="left" | 1900 || 16,400 || 11,854 || 72.1%
|- align="right"
| align="left" | 1910 || 18,000 || 12,150 || 67.5%
|}

A crossroads and a Jewish trade center in the 19th century, the city is considered to be one of the [[shtetl]]s. It was particularly famous for the ''Brodersänger'' or [[Broder singer]]s, who were among the first to publicly perform [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] songs outside of [[Purim]] plays and wedding parties.

The promulgation of the [[May Laws]], and the massive exodus of Russian Jews which was its result, took the leaders of Western Jewry completely by surprise. Throughout 1881, hundreds of immigrants kept arriving in Brody daily. Their arrival placed the existing Austrian and German-influenced ethnic Jews in a quandary. The comfortable middle-class Jewish community of Central and Western Europe looked instinctively to the [[Alliance Israélite Universelle]], the world's largest and most respected Jewish philanthropic agency, to bring order out of chaos, to cope with the huge influx of newcomers.<ref>Howard M. Sachar</ref>

Throughout centuries of Jewish life in Brody until the murderous events of [[the Holocaust]], Jews and Gentiles lived a mostly segregated life, with distinct and separate social as well as religious life.

=== Holocaust in Brody ===
[[File:Brody Jews awaiting deportation, ca. 1943.jpg|thumb|left|Jews in Brody detained by German Nazis and awaiting deportation, ca. 1942–1943]]
[[File:Cemetery Brody 02.jpg|thumb|Jewish tombstones at New Jewish Cemetery in Brody. The Cemetery numbers ca. 20,000 burials]]

When German troops occupied the city on 1 July 1941, the Jewish population of some 9,000 was forced to wear an arm band with the [[yellow badge]]. Two hundred fifty intellectuals were arrested on 15 July 1941 and shot two days later at the Jewish cemetery after being brutally tortured. Encouraged by German occupation authorities, the Ukrainian population started a [[pogrom]] in August 1941, looting Jewish possessions. The [[Judenrat]] had to provide labor for repairs and maintenance on the roads and bridges as well as for work in army depots. From December 1941 young people were arrested on the streets and sent to forced labor camps in the vicinity.

In September 1942 the ''[[Aktion Reinhardt]]'' started in Brody, leaving 300 people dead. Two thousand people were deported to [[Bełżec extermination camp|Bełżec]] where they would be murdered in the [[gas chamber]]s. In December 1942 the German occupiers forced the Jewish population to resettle in a ghetto inside the town, where 6,000 people lived in January 1943. During 1943, ''Aktion Reinhardt'' was continued with thousands being killed in the nearby woods in March and April, the Ghetto being liquidated on 21 May 1943. More than 3,000 inhabitants were deported, presumably to [[Majdanek]], but hundreds had already been killed in the Ghetto. Many houses were set on fire to drive out those who had remained hidden there.

=== After the war ===
During the [[Cold War]], [[Brody (air base)|Brody air base]] served Soviet Air Force regiments, while the city was noticeably militarized. Parts of the city to this day are being referred to as Bili Kazarmy (the White Barracks) and as Chervoni Kazarmy (the Red Barracks).

The [[Brody Museum of History and District Ethnography]] was founded in 2001.

Until 18 July 2020, Brody was the administrative center of [[Brody Raion]]. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions in Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=Ukrainian}}</ref>

==Geography==
===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Brody (1981–2010)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 0.3
|Feb high C = 1.6
|Mar high C = 6.5
|Apr high C = 14.4
|May high C = 20.5
|Jun high C = 23.0
|Jul high C = 24.9
|Aug high C = 24.5
|Sep high C = 19.0
|Oct high C = 13.4
|Nov high C = 6.3
|Dec high C = 1.5
|year high C = 13.0
|Jan mean C = -2.5
|Feb mean C = -2.0
|Mar mean C = 2.1
|Apr mean C = 8.5
|May mean C = 14.3
|Jun mean C = 17.1
|Jul mean C = 18.8
|Aug mean C = 18.1
|Sep mean C = 13.3
|Oct mean C = 8.5
|Nov mean C = 2.9
|Dec mean C = -1.4
|year mean C = 8.1
|Jan low C = -5.9
|Feb low C = -5.4
|Mar low C = -1.8
|Apr low C = 3.1
|May low C = 8.3
|Jun low C = 11.4
|Jul low C = 13.1
|Aug low C = 12.4
|Sep low C = 8.4
|Oct low C = 4.3
|Nov low C = -0.2
|Dec low C = -4.4
|year low C = 3.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 32.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 39.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 39.7 
|Apr precipitation mm = 46.6
|May precipitation mm = 75.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 90.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 104.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 70.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 67.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 45.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 41.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 42.0
|year precipitation mm = 695.0
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 9.2
|Feb precipitation days = 10.2
|Mar precipitation days = 9.5
|Apr precipitation days = 8.5
|May precipitation days = 10.7
|Jun precipitation days = 11.8
|Jul precipitation days = 10.7
|Aug precipitation days = 8.7
|Sep precipitation days = 8.8
|Oct precipitation days = 8.3
|Nov precipitation days = 9.6
|Dec precipitation days = 10.7
|year precipitation days = 116.7
|Jan humidity = 80.9
|Feb humidity = 80.9
|Mar humidity = 76.7
|Apr humidity = 69.4
|May humidity = 69.4
|Jun humidity = 72.8
|Jul humidity = 74.2
|Aug humidity = 74.8
|Sep humidity = 78.7
|Oct humidity = 79.2
|Nov humidity = 82.7
|Dec humidity = 83.5
|year humidity = 76.9
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210717143555/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20%282%29.xls
| archive-date = 17 July 2021
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20(2).xls
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 17 July 2021}}</ref>
}}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
Броди - майдан Свободи, 3.jpg|Administration building, former branch of the [[Prague Credit Bank]] before WWI
Бродівська синагога 01.jpg|The [[Great Synagogue (Brody)|old synagogue]] (ruins) of Brody
Brody 089.jpg|Clock tower at the market square
Замок 1.JPG|[[Brody Castle]]
4 Kotsiubynskoho Street, Brody (02).jpg|Pedagogical College
Brodypalase.jpg|[[Tyszkiewicz family|Tyszkiewicz]] Palace
Броди. Церква Св.Юрія.jpg|Saint George church in Brody
Церква Різдва Пресвятої Богородиці , загальний вигляд, Броди.jpg|Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary
Церква Воздвиження Чесного Животворящого Хреста у Бродах.jpg|Exaltation of the Holy Cross church
Церква Пресвятої Трійці (Броди).jpg|Church of the Holy Trinity
Brody Gimnazium 02.jpg|Brody Gymnasium
</gallery>

==Notable people==
* [[Adolph Baller]], Austrian-American pianist
* [[Iuliu Barasch]], physician
* [[Ephraim Zalman Margolioth]] (author of ''Mateh Ephraim'') (1762–1828)
* [[Aryeh Leib Bernstein]] (1708–1788), Chief Rabbi of [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia]]
* [[Berl Broder]] (born Berl Margulis), singer
* [[Oscar Chajes]], American chess player
* [[Zvi Hirsch Chajes]], rabbi and talmudist
* [[Petro Fedun]] (1919–1951), revolutionary
* [[Nathan Michael Gelber]] (1891–1966), Austrian-Israeli historian
* [[Kalman Kahana]] (1910–1991), Israeli journalist, politician, and a signatory of the [[Declaration of Independence (Israel)|Israeli declaration of independence]]
* [[Leo Kanner]] (born Chaskel Leib Kanner), Austrian-American psychiatrist and physician known for his work related to autism
* [[Hans Kelsen]] (father's birthplace)
* [[Shlomo Kluger]], rabbi
* [[Stanisław Koniecpolski]], Polish military commander, magnate, and royal official
* {{ill|Józef Korzeniowski (1797–1863)|pl|Józef Korzeniowski (1797–1863)}}, Polish writer
* [[Nachman Krochmal]], Jewish philosopher
* [[Yechezkel Landau]], rabbi
* [[Max Margules]], meteorologist
* [[Fabius Mieses]] (1824–1898), writer
* [[Jacques Mieses]], with parents from Brody; he was born in [[Leipzig]]
* [[Nachman of Horodenka]], Hasidic leader
* [[Amalia Freud|Amalia Nathansohn-Freud]] (1835–1930), mother of [[Sigmund Freud]]
* [[Dmytro Pyluk]] (1900–1985), Ukrainian painter and film producer <ref>{{cite web |url=http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=213870&rec_nbr_list=616707,616706,616684,213961,213878,213873,213870,213868,213865,213861 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623122821/http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=213870&rec_nbr_list=616707,616706,616684,213961,213878,213873,213870,213868,213865,213861 |archive-date=2013-06-23 |title=Archives Search - Library and Archives Canada}}</ref>
* [[Joseph Ludwig Raabe]], Swiss mathematician
* [[Elazar Rokeach of Amsterdam|Elazar Rokeach]], rabbi
* [[Jakob Rosanes]], German mathematician
* [[Joseph Roth]] (1894–1939), writer
* [[Dov Sadan]] (1902–1989), scholar of Yiddish literature, Hebrew Literature and Jewish Folklore
* [[Myron Tarnavsky]] (1869–1938), general of the [[Ukrainian Galician Army]]
* [[Ivan Trush]] (1869–1941), Ukrainian artist
* {{ill|Feliks West|pl}} (1846–1946), Polish publisher
* [[Daniel Yanofsky|Daniel Abraham Yanofsky]], Canadian chess player. ''See [[:de:Daniel Abraham Yanofsky|German-language article]]''.
* [[Israel Zolli]], former [[Chief Rabbi]] of Rome who converted to [[Catholicism]]
* [[Oksana Lyniv]], Ukrainian conductor, since February 2017 chief conductor of the [[Graz Opera]]

==Nearby towns==
* [[Zolochiv, Lviv Oblast|Zolochiv]]
* [[Oles'ko]]
* [[Pidhirtsi]] (Szwaby, Schwabendorf), [[Germans|German]] settlement
* [[Busk, Ukraine|Busk]]
* [[Pidkamin]]
* [[Zboriv]]
* [[Berezhany]]

== See also ==
* [[Odesa–Brody pipeline]]

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* Howard M. Sachar, ''The Course of modern Jewish history''. Vintage Books (a division of Random House) Chapter 15
* Kuzmany, Börries, ''Brody: A Galician Border City in the Long Nineteenth Century'' (Brill, Leiden/Boston 2017). The German version is open access: Kuzmany, Börries: ''Brody. Eine galizische Grenzstadt im langen 19. Jahrhundert'' (Böhlau, Vienna/Cologne/Weimar 2011). {{ISBN|978-3-205-78763-1}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130625182210/http://www.boehlau-verlag.com/download/162717/978-3-205-78763-1_OpenAccessK01.pdf PDF; 16,9 MB])
* Hamann, David. ''David Hamann: Ein Billett von Brody über Berlin nach New York: Organisierte Solidarität deutscher Juden für osteuropäische jüdische Transmigrant*innen 1881/82 (= Europäisch-jüdische Studien Bd. 67)'' (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2023).

==External links==
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Brody}}
{{commons category|Brody}}
* [http://encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkPath=pages\B\R\Brody.htm Brody] in the [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com Encyclopedia of Ukraine]
* {{in lang|pl}} [http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_I/372 Brody] in the [[Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland]] (1880)
* {{in lang|en}} [http://www.tour.brody.lviv.ua/sites/?en&sites=2&site=5 About Brody museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220133610/http://www.tour.brody.lviv.ua/sites/?en&sites=2&site=5 |date=2012-02-20 }}
* {{in lang|uk}} [http://www.brody.lviv.ua/ Brody site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803181159/http://www.brody.lviv.ua/ |date=2020-08-03 }}
* {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|1036374|Brody, Ukraine}}
* {{in lang|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040824170344/http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/brody/Brody.htm ShtetLinks Site for Brody]
* {{in lang|en}} [http://homepage.univie.ac.at/boerries.kuzmany/en/research/dissertationsprojekt-stadt-brody Brody under Austrian Rule]
* {{in lang|ru}} [http://vstas.io.ua/album96792 Photo Gallery of Brody (1.03.2008, 51 photos)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524131048/http://vstas.io.ua/album96792 |date=2012-05-24 }}
* [http://www.brody.net.ua/cam.html Live webcam of the Market Square (ploshcha Rynok)].

{{Lviv Oblast}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Brody| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Lviv Oblast]]
[[Category:Cities of district significance in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Magdeburg rights]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Former border crossings]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine]]