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{{Short description|British locomotive manufacturer}}
{{about|the British rail-locomotive maker|the Detroit auto-maker|Brush Motor Car Company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2015}}
{{Coord|52|46|55|N|1|11|50|W|display=title}}
{{Infobox company
|name             = 
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|foundation       = 1865
|founder          = 
|defunct          = 
|location_city    = [[Loughborough]]
|location_country = England
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|industry         = 
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|parent           = [[Wabtec]] 
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|homepage         = [http://www.brushtraction.com www.brushtraction.com]}}

'''Brush Traction''' was a manufacturer and maintainer of [[Locomotive|railway locomotives]] in [[Loughborough]], England whose operations have now been merged into the [[Wabtec]] company's Doncaster UK operations.

{{Brush Traction RDT}}

==History==
{{more citations needed section|date=January 2025}}
[[File:Brush works loughborough cropped.jpg|thumb|right|Brush Traction works in Loughborough]]

===Hughes' Locomotive & Tramway Engine Works===
Henry Hughes had been operating at the Falcon Works since the 1850s, producing items such as brass and iron cast parts for portable engines and thrashing machines.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=5 September 1857 |title=To Thrashing Machine Proprietors |url= |work=Leicestershire Mercury |location= |access-date=}}</ref> In 1860 Henry Hughes announced he had entered into a partnership with William March who had extensive experience in the timber trade, and this would be added to the existing business of "engineers and manufacturers of railway plant", with the business to be called Hughes and March.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=26 April 1860 |title=Falcon Works, Loughborough |page=1 |work=Loughborough Monitor |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

In March 1863, Hughes announced it was making a steam locomotive designed for contractors and mineral railways. This was an {{whyte|0-4-0|ST}} with a 200 psi boiler pressure and cylinders of 10 inch bore and 15 inch stroke.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=28 March 1863 |title=Henry Hughes, Falcon Works, Loughborough (illustrated advert) |page=32 |work=Herapath's Railway Journal |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

In 1866, Hughes announced a sale of timber and associated equipment from the "Falcon Railway Plant Works" as he had decided to close down the timber side of his business, also sold was a portable steam engine and thrashing engine.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=28 June 1866 |title=Sale this day - Falcon Railway Plant Works, Loughborough |page=1 |work=Loughborough Monitor |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

In 1877, a limited company (Hughes' Locomotive & Tramway Engine Works Ltd) was created with Henry Hughes as managing director, to carry on the business previously under the name of the "Falcon Railway Plant Works".<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=16 June 1877 |title=Hughes's Locomotive and Tramway Engine Works (limited) |page=18 |work=Railway News |location= |access-date=}}</ref> The business included the production of the original small saddle tank locomotives, but was anticipating increased demand for the production of [[Tram#Steam|tram engines]], lightweight steam engines (usually with [[Condensing steam locomotive|condensers]]) which drew passenger cars, made possible by the [[Tramways Act 1870]] ([[33 & 34 Vict.]] c. 78). His original patented tramway engine was reported to have been tested on the Vale of Clyde and other tramways with good results. Tram engines were distinct from those tramcars where the boiler mechanism was an integral part of the passenger car.

Examples of early engines include the tramway locomotive ''The Pioneer'' of 1877 for the [[Swansea and Mumbles Railway]], {{whyte|0-4-2|ST}} ''Belmont'' which ran on the [[Snailbeach District Railways]],<ref>{{cite book |title=The Snailbeach District Railways |last=Cuckson |first=Andy |publisher=[[Twelveheads Press]] |date=2017 |isbn=9780906294932}}</ref> and three {{RailGauge|2ft3in}} gauge {{whyte|0-4-0|ST}}s for the [[Corris Railway]] supplied in 1878 (converted between 1883 and 1900 to {{whyte|0-4-2|ST}}s<ref>{{cite web |url=https://preservedbritishsteamlocomotives.com/3-4-0-4-2st-corris-railway-narrow-gauge/ |title=0-4-2ST Corris Railway |website=Preserved British Steam Locomotives |date=18 June 2017 |access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref>).

In 1881, Hughes' built two {{RailGauge|3ft}} gauge {{whyte|0-4-0|ST}} for the [[Liverpool Corporation Waterworks]] Committee for use in the construction of the waterworks at [[Lake Vyrnwy]] in [[Wales]].<ref name=IRS_VYRNWY>{{cite journal|author=Higgins, S.H.P.|title=Narrow Gauge at Vyrnwy Waterworks|journal=The Industrial Railway Record|publisher=The Industrial Railway Society|year=1974|volume=55|pages=286–287}}</ref>

The adoption of steam tram engines in the UK was very limited, though the company did make some sales abroad, for example in Paris and Lille. In February 1881, a shareholder and creditor asked that the voluntary winding up of the company should proceed under the supervision of the court, and an order was granted.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=12 February 1881 |title=Winding Up of Hughes's Locomotive Company |page=10 |work=Leicester Chronicle |location= |access-date=}}</ref> Hughes departed, soon after, for New Zealand, where in collaboration with local engineer E.W Mills, he built small tramway engines.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

===Falcon Engine & Car Works===
Hughes's Locomotive & Tramway Engine Works was sold as a going concern, and continued production as the Falcon Engine and Car Works Ltd. In July 1882, they provided a tram engine (Falcon works number 43) for testing on the Burnley tramways, which during a late night trial suffered a condenser rupture scalding several people.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=22 July 1882 |title=Local News |url= |work=Burnley Express | page=8 |location= |access-date=}}</ref> This was just days after a serious fire at the works had caused considerable losses - fortunately the premises were insured.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=13 July 1882 |title=Serious Fire in Loughborough |url= |work=Melton Mowbray Mercury and Oakham and Uppingham News | page=8 |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

Business continued with the production of locomotives, carriages, wagons and tramcars. This included three more locomotives of the same design as previously for the railways at Vyrnwy. In 1883, the first tramcar on the [[Alford and Sutton Tramway]], was a horse-drawn 16-seater made by Falcon Engine and Carriage Works.

One of the less conventional products were the carriages and wagons for the Listowel to Ballybunion monorail (using the [[Lartigue Monorail]] system), which opened in 1888.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=1 March 1888 |title=The Lartigue Single-Rail Line |url= |work=Cork Constitution | page=4 |location= |access-date=}}</ref> The engines for this line were made by Hunslet.

Other products were [[tank locomotive]]s for Ireland, Spain and the Azores. Some were subcontracts from other firms, such as [[Kerr, Stuart and Company]], at that time, in [[Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Falcon_Engine_and_Car_Works|title=Falcon Engine and Car Works|website=[[Grace's Guide]]}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=May 2021}}

===Brush Electrical Engineering Company===
[[File:Beira Ry BR7 (4-4-0) SAR Class NG6 BP.JPG|thumb|right|[[Works plate]] on Beira Railway BR7 4-4-0]]
In 1889, the Anglo-American Brush Electric Light Corporation Ltd was reconstructed, absorbing the Australasian Electric Light, Power, and Storage Company Ltd, and taking over the Falcon Works in Loughborough, with the new company to be called the Brush Electrical Engineering Company Ltd.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=16 July 1889 |title=Trade and Finance |page=4 |work=Leeds Mercury |location= |access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=23 July 1889 |title=Brush Electric Light Corporation |page=6 |work=Globe |location= |access-date=}}</ref><ref name=RE>{{cite magazine |title=The Brush Story |magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail Enthusiast]] |issue=12 |date=September 1982 |pages=12–17 }}</ref>

[[File:DH.89A Rapide G-AKZP Spencers Tours RWY 02.05.52 edited-2.jpg|thumb|right|[[de Havilland Dragon Rapide#World War Two|de Havilland DH.89 Dominie]] built by Brush in April 1945 for the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]]]]
[[File:47815 'Abertawe Landore' at York Railfest.JPG|thumb|[[First Great Western]] [[British Rail Class 47|47815]] ''Abertawe Landore'' in June 2004]]

From reports of the annual general meetings, the main activities in the 1890s were associated with municipal and ships lighting, however it is evident they were still involved with rail and tramcars and were anticipating a great increase in the market for electric traction particularly on tramways. They expanded the works by 5 acres in 1897 and added another 250 tramcars per year of production capacity. In 1898, they added capacity to make 1,000 electric traction motors per year, their own motors now claimed to be equal to or superior to the American pattern traction motors previously used.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=7 September 1898 |title=Brush Electrical Engineering Company - Annual Meeting |page=6 |work=Leicester Chronicle |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

The first Brush motorcar was launched in March 1902. It was powered by a 10&nbsp;hp 2 cylinder [[A.M. (automobile)|Abeille]] engine, with a Sage 3 speed gearbox and double chain drive. It was joined later the same year by larger 4 cylinder Brush cars of 12, 16 and 20&nbsp;hp, which also used Abeille engines and chain drive. The single-cylinder 6&nbsp;hp ''Brushmobile'' car was produced only in 1904, six being constructed by Brush under licence from [[Vauxhall Motors]]; the Brush vehicles differed from the original 6&nbsp;hp Vauxhalls by having steering wheels rather than [[tiller]] steering. One of these six vehicles featured in the 1966 film ''[[Carry On Screaming]]''. In addition, nearly 100 buses, plus some lorries were built using French engines{{Clarify|date=August 2010}} until 1907.

Brush Electrical Engineering also built some carriages that were used on the [[Central London Railway]] and the [[City and South London Railway]] in the early 1900s, the respective forerunners of London Underground's [[Central line (London Underground)|Central]] and [[Northern line]]s.<ref>{{cite book|author=Oliver Green|title=The London Underground - An Illustrated History|pages=19–22|date=1988|publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing]]}}</ref>

In all, about 250 steam locomotives were built in addition to their tram engines. Production finished after [[World War I]] and the company concentrated on transport-related electrical equipment, including [[tramcar]]s, [[trolleybus]]es and battery-operated vehicles.

Brush made 2-foot gauge battery electric narrow-gauge locomotives (at the time referred to as Brush Electric Tractors) during the war, three which were listed as surplus in October 1919.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=25 October 1919 |title=Ministry of Munitions - Railway Material |page=11 |work=The Scotsman |location= |access-date=}}</ref> Several examples survive, one at the National Slate Museum, Llanberis, three of them went to [[Hythe Pier, Railway and Ferry]], of which two of these remain. These were reported to have originally worked at the Avonmouth mustard gas factory. One from HM's Explosives Factory at Queensferry has been restored using parts from another from the same factory.

During [[World War II]], Brush Coachworks diversified into aircraft production, building 335 [[de Havilland Dragon Rapide|de Havilland Dominies]] for the [[Royal Air Force]] and [[Fleet Air Arm]]. Wing sections were built for [[Avro Lancaster|Lancaster]] bombers and [[Handley Page Hampden|Hampden]] fuselages were overhauled.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jarram |first=A.P. |title=Brush Aircraft Production at Loughborough |publisher=Midland Counties Publications |year=1978 |isbn=0-904597-07-5 }}</ref>

The coachworks continued after the war with omnibus bodies mounted on [[Daimler Company|Daimler]] chassis using [[L Gardner & Sons|Gardner]] five-cylinder diesel engines and Daimler [[preselector gearbox]]es, as well as [[Associated Equipment Company|AEC]] and BMMO Chassis for [[Midland Red]] and 100 [[Leyland Titan (front-engined double-decker)|Leyland Titans]] for [[Birmingham City Transport]]. They also constructed bodies designed by the [[British Electric Traction]] group on [[Leyland Royal Tiger PSU|Leyland Royal Tigers]]. In 1952, the coachworks were closed and the goodwill and patents were bought by neighbouring [[Willowbrook (bus manufacturer)|Willowbrook]].

===Brush Bagnall Traction===
Close to [[Derby]] and its [[Derby Works|railway workshops]], it retained its contacts with the railway. Acquired by [[Heenan & Froude]] in 1947, it was merged with [[W. G. Bagnall]] to produce diesel locomotives. In 1951, the company Brush Bagnall Traction Limited was formed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brc-stockbook.co.uk/Bagnall.HTM|title=W G Bagnall Ltd|publisher=Buckinghamshire Railway Centre|access-date=23 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124092453/http://www.brc-stockbook.co.uk/Bagnall.HTM|archive-date=24 November 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> When [[British Rail]]ways began to replace its fleet of steam engines, Brush entered the market for main line diesel-electric locomotives.

===Brush Traction===
In 1957, the Brush group were bought up by [[Hawker Siddeley]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Hawker Siddeley Offer for Brush Group |magazine=[[Railway Gazette International|Railway Gazette]] |date=26 April 1957 |page=495 }}</ref> In 1967, the rail tractor business of [[Crompton Parkinson]] was purchased.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Crompton Parkinson railway work goes to Brush |magazine=Railway Gazette |date=21 April 1967 |page=285 }}</ref> As part of Hawker Siddeley Electric Power Group, it then passed to [[BTR plc]] and became Brush Traction. Later{{when|date=January 2020}} it became part of [[FKI (company)|FKI]] Energy Technologies, itself purchased in 2008 by [[Melrose Industries]].

In 2007, Brush Traction acquired [[Hunslet-Barclay]] with a facility in [[Kilmarnock]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Brush buys troubled Barclay |magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue=579 |date=21 November 2007 |page=14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Brush Traction buys Hunslet-Barclay |magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]] |issue=1281 |date=January 2008 |page=12 }}</ref> It was rebranded Brush-Barclay.

In February 2011, [[Wabtec]] purchased Brush Traction for [[US dollar|US$]]31 million.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/index.php?id=44&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=12884&cHash=5f46c108eb|title=Wabtec buys Brush Traction|access-date=28 February 2011|date=28 February 2011 |magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001104830/http://www.railwaygazette.com/index.php?id=44&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=12884&cHash=5f46c108eb|archive-date=1 October 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105092057/https://www.railwayage.com/news/wabtec-acquires-uk-based-brush-traction/ |title=Wabtec acquires UK based Brush Traction |magazine=[[Railway Age]] |date=28 February 2011 |url=https://www.railwayage.com/news/wabtec-acquires-uk-based-brush-traction/ |archive-date=5 November 2019 |access-date=29 May 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The locomotive works are still occupied by the Brush Traction Company and are in use for the building, overhaul and repair of locomotives.

In April 2021, Wabtec announced the Loughborough factory would close with reduced work volumes making the site unsustainable.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-56851006|title=Historic Brush Traction factory in Loughborough set to close|date=23 April 2021|accessdate=24 April 2021|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref name=HR>{{cite magazine |title=Historic Brush Falcon Works to close after 156 years |magazine=[[Heritage Railway]] |issue=280 |date=May 2021 |pages=34–35 |first=Robon |last=Jones}}</ref>

==Locomotives==
[[File:SLR Class M1.jpg|thumb|[[Sri Lanka Railways M1]] Locomotive]]
[[File:92027 George Eliot at Stafford.jpg|thumb|right|[[British Rail Class 92|BR class 92]] electric locomotive no. 92027 ''George Eliot'']]
[[File:KiwiRail train from Feilding to Halcombe.jpg|thumb|right|Three [[New Zealand EF class locomotive|New Zealand EF locomotives]] with a freight train]]
[[File:Bristol Temple Meads - Colas 60076.JPG|thumb|right|[[British Rail Class 60|Class 60]] diesel locomotive in [[Colas Rail]] livery in 2015]]
Brush manufactured various diesel and electric locomotives for the British railway network:
*[[British Rail Class 31|Class 31]] "Brush Type 2" mixed-traffic diesel locomotive<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Brush Type B Diesel Handing-Over Ceremony |magazine=Railway Gazette |date=8 November 1957 |page=548 }}</ref>
*[[British Rail Class 47|Class 47]] "Brush Type 4" mixed-traffic diesel locomotive (manufacture shared with [[Crewe Works]])
*[[British Rail Class 48|Class 48]] "Brush Type 4" mixed-traffic diesel locomotive
*[[British Rail Class 53|Class 53 ''Falcon'']] prototype diesel locomotive<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Brush Falcon diesel-electric locomotive |magazine=Railway Gazette |date=20 April 1962 |page=477 }}</ref>
*[[British Rail HS4000|HS4000 ''Kestrel'']]<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Brush 4000hp Kestrel in Service |magazine=[[Modern Railways]] |issue=246 |date=March 1969 |page=117 }}</ref>
*[[British Rail Class 57|Class 57]] re-engineered diesel locomotive (rebuilt from Class 47)
*[[British Rail Class 60|Class 60]] heavy freight diesel locomotive
*[[British Rail Class 92|Class 92]] dual-voltage electric locomotive<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Brush wins major locomotive order |magazine=The Railway Magazine |issue=1098 |date=October 1992 |page=5 }}</ref>

[[File:Eurotunnel 9015 Nord-Pas-de-Calais.jpg|thumb|right|[[Eurotunnel Class 9]] locomotive]]
It also manufactured the [[Eurotunnel Class 9]] electric locomotives operated by [[Eurotunnel]] through the [[Channel Tunnel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Brush wins Shuttle order |magazine=Rail Magazine|issue=102 |date=10 August 1989 |page=5 }}</ref>

Brush Traction also manufactured locomotives for export:
*800&nbsp;bhp A1A-A1A main line diesel-electric locomotives for Ceylon in 1952 ([[Sri Lanka Railways M1]])<ref name=HR/>
*1,000&nbsp;bhp Bo-Bo diesel-electric locomotives for Sri Lanka in 1981 ([[Sri Lanka Railways M7|the M7 class]])<ref name=HR/>
*Class DE4<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geoffs-trains.com/Museum/number1407.html|title=number1407|website=www.geoffs-trains.com|access-date=2018-06-14}}</ref> 1730&nbsp;bhp Co-Co narrow gauge diesel-electric locomotives for Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 1963
*Various Bo-Bo diesel electric freight locomotives to Cuba, Tanzania, Gabon, Morocco
*Battery electric locomotives to Hong Kong
*[[New Zealand EF class locomotive|EF class]] heavy freight electric locomotive ([[New Zealand Railways Corporation]])<ref>{{cite magazine |title=NZR chooses British-built Bo-Bo-Bos |magazine=Railway Gazette International |date=March 1984 |page=184 }}</ref>
*Class 18 shunter locomotives for [[Malayan Railways]] in 1978

They were also a major supplier of traction equipment to rapid transit systems, in particular, [[London Underground]] and [[Docklands Light Railway]] in the UK, and to Canada and Taiwan.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Traction equipment was supplied to British Rail for various Electric Multiple Unit trains, the [[British Rail Class 43 (HST)|Class 43]] HST diesel locomotive, with similar equipment being supplied to [[Commonwealth Engineering|Comeng]] in Australia in 1979, and used in the [[British Rail Class 56|Class 56]] and [[British Rail Class 58|58]] freight locomotives.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Brush repowered most Class 43 HST power cars with [[MTU Friedrichshafen|MTU]] engines between 2005 and 2010.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Life-extended Angel HST rolls out of Brush for £1.5m trial |magazine=Rail Magazine|issue=514 |date=25 May 2005 |page=6 }}</ref>

==Surviving steam locomotives==
{{more citations needed section|date=May 2021}}
[[File:Talyllyn Railway No. 3 Sir Haydn - 2018-06-16.jpg|thumb|right|Narrow-gauge steam locomotive no. 3 ''Sir Haydn'']]
* [[Sir Haydn (locomotive)|No. 3 ‘Sir Haydn’]], the third Hughes/Falcon locomotive supplied to the [[Corris Railway]], works number 323 (although incorporating parts from 324 and probably 322 as well) now runs on the neighbouring [[Talyllyn Railway]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.talyllyn.co.uk/about/rolling-stock/locos/sir-haydn/ |title=No.3 'Sir Haydn' |publisher=Talyllyn Railway}}</ref><ref name=HR/>
* A standard gauge {{whyte|0-4-0|ST}} built by Brush Electrical Engineering for Powesland and Mason & Co., Swansea Docks; is preserved at [[Mountsorrel Railway|Mountsorrel & Rothley Community Heritage Centre]], Leicestershire<ref>{{cite web |url=https://preservedbritishsteamlocomotives.com/921-powesland-mason-0-4-0st/ |title=921 Powesland & Mason 0-4-0ST |date=12 June 2017 |publisher=Preserved British Steam Locomotives}}</ref>
* A broad gauge (seven-foot) saddle tank loco built at the Falcon Works survives in the [[Azores]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/azores01.htm |title=Ponta Delgada and the Broad Gauge Harbour Railways |publisher=International Steam}}</ref>
* {{RailGauge|2ft}} gauge Falcon locomotives Nos. 265 and 266 ex-[[Beria Railway]] are in the [[Vale of Rheidol Railway]] Museum Collection, although not currently on public view.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rheidolrailway.co.uk/museum-collection/ |title=Museum Collection |publisher=Vale of Rheidol Railway}}</ref>
* Metre gauge Ex. F.C. Reus - Salou No. 3 {{whyte|0-4-0|T}} Falcon of 1886. Preserved in Salou, Spain, on a plinth adjacent to the former terminus of the F.C. Reus-Salou. A former turntable is also outside the old station. Only some 30 metres from the current RENFE station.
* Metre gauge Ex. F.C. Reus - Salou {{whyte|0-4-0|T}} No.6 Falcon 153/1888. Preserved in a public park in Cambrils near Salou.
* Metre gauge Ex. F.C. Reus – Salou No.5 'SALOU' {{whyte|0-4-0|T}} Falcon 118/1886. Preserved at Reus, Spain.
* Metre gauge Ex. F.C. Olot - Gerona No.4 {{whyte|0-6-2|T}} Builder: Falcon 281/1899. Preserved at Reus.
* Elfkarleö Bruk No. 1, built in 1873 by Henry Hughes & Co., bought second-hand by Älvkarleö Mill in 1876 and was used as shunter between the mill and Älvkarleö station on the [[Uppsala Gefle Railway]] which was then newly opened. The locomotive was in use until 1945 when it was acquired by the museum.

==Surviving diesel locomotives==
Over 75 examples of Brush Traction built engines have been preserved and can be seen at [[heritage railway]]s across the United Kingdom. Many more examples can still be seen in action today on the mainlines.<ref name=HR/>

==Preserved light rail/tramway vehicles==
{{more citations needed section|date=May 2021}}
[[File:Tram 11.jpg|thumb|Auckland Electric Tramways car 11]]
Preserved [[Auckland]], New Zealand, including [[Museum of Transport and Technology]]:
*Auckland Electric Tramways Company, No. 11 (1902) – double-bogie (Brush D1) saloon tram. Restored
*Auckland Electric Tramways Company, No. 17 (1902) – double-bogie (Brush D1) double-decker tram. Unrestored.
*Auckland Electric Tramways Company, No. 24 / No. 26 (1902) – Privately preserved box cars bodies only, which originally resided on a Brush four-wheel trucks. Unrestored.
*Auckland Electric Tramways Company, No. 44 – (1906) AETCL built box car body which originally resided on a Brush four-wheel truck. Retired 1931. Restored 2006 using a former Brussels 21E truck. Restored.
*Preserved Auckland trams 89 and 91 originally fitted with Brush D1 trucks with Brush 1200 motors and 147 fitted with Brush Improved trucks and 203 refitted with the same.
*Auckland Brush truck remnants. In 2012, excavations at the former [[Mount Roskill]] Bus Depot circa 1951 for a new shopping centre uncovered over a dozen Brush D side frames along with a single Brush improved side frame and remnants of Brush 1200 and Brush 1400 Motor cases. The side frames are now in [[MOTAT]]'s possession for research and future Auckland tram restorations with the motor remnants being cared for in private hands for possible replication for various projects. It is believed to be the only Brush 1200 and 1400 motors to have survived in New Zealand if not the world.
*Component drawings for Brush H2 and Brush H4 Controllers exist in the archives of the [[Auckland Electric Tramways Trust]] with a view to producing replicas.
*Brush four-wheel truck – a copy of a 21e [[JG Brill Company|Brill]]. built for the [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]] Tramways, New Zealand. Tram number unknown. Tram bodies sold off 1931 after the Napier earthquake. The truck used subsequently as the running gear for a Saw Mill railway shunter at the Robert Holt and Sons' sawmill. Does not have traction motors.
Preserved in the United Kingdom:
*[[Chesterfield tramway|Chesterfield]] No. 7 (1904) – Preserved at the [[National Tramway Museum]], [[Derbyshire]]. It was used as a holiday cottage from 1927 until 1973, when it was purchased for preservation. It was restored between 1993 and 1996 at a cost of £120,000, and has been operational since 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tramway.co.uk/trams/chesterfield-7/ |title=Chesterfield Corporation No. 7 |publisher=Crich Tramway Village}}</ref>
*[[Derby Corporation Tramways]] No. 1 (1904) – Preserved by the [[National Tramway Museum]], [[Derbyshire]], as a static exhibit. It was used as a holiday cottage from 1933 to 1962, and was restored between then and 1970. It was re-gauged from {{railgauge|4ft}} to standard gauge during the restoration, and was put on public display as a non-operational exhibit in 1991. In 2021 it was in off-site storage.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tramway.co.uk/trams/derby-1/ |title=Derby Corporation No. 1 |publisher=Crich Tramway Village}}</ref> 
*[[Blackpool Tramway]]s No. 298/635 (1937) – Owned by [[National Tramway Museum]], it was on public display from 2005 to 2014. Subsequently, it was moved to their offsite storage facility, awaiting funds, resources and space for a full restoration. A new underframe has been fabricated, and work on full restoration is expected to begin in mid-2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tramway.co.uk/trams/blackpool-corporation-no-298/ |title=Blackpool Corporation No. 298 |publisher=Crich Tramway Village}}</ref> 
*[[Blackpool Tramway]]s No. 630 (1937) – Preserved at the [[National Tramway Museum]], Derbyshire, this has a streamlined body and was modernised in the mid-1990s, before being retired by [[Blackpool Transport]] in 2011. It was used in public service until 2019, and has since only been used for training purposes. Its future is under consideration, as No.298 is being restored to operational condition, and is much closer to its 1937 as-built appearance.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tramway.co.uk/trams/blackpool-corporation-no-630/ |title=Blackpool Transport Services No. 630 |publisher=Crich Tramway Village}}</ref> 
*[[Blackpool Tramway]]s No. 623 (1937) – Preserved at the [[Heaton Park Tramway|Heaton Park Heritage Tramway]], [[Heaton Park]], [[Manchester]]. Currently operational. Streamlined body. Retired by [[Blackpool Transport]] in 2008.
*[[Blackpool Tramway]]s No. 631 (1937) – Preserved by its original owner as part of their heritage fleet of vehicles. Currently operational. Modernised mid-1990s (though it has now reverted to its 1950s condition) Streamlined body. Retired by [[Blackpool Transport]] in 2011.
*[[Blackpool Tramway]]s No. 626 (1937) – Preserved by the Merseyside Tramway Preservation Society. Currently operational following resolution of an ownership dispute with Merseytravel, 2014. Streamlined body. Modernised mid-1990s. Retired by [[Blackpool Transport]] in 2010.
*[[Blackpool Tramway]]s No. 634 (1937) – Preserved privately in [[Rushden]], [[Northamptonshire]]. Under restoration. Streamlined body. Retired by [[Blackpool Transport]] in 2004.
*[[Blackpool Tramway]]s No. 762 (1982) – Preserved at the [[National Tramway Museum]], [[Derbyshire]]. Currently operational. Made predominantly from parts of 714 ([[English Electric]] of 1934) by Blackpool Transport, with Brush Trucks and controllers. It moved to Crich after being retired in 2011, and has been operational there since 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tramway.co.uk/trams/blackpool-corporation-no-762/ |title=Blackpool Transport Services No. 762 |publisher=Crich Tramway Village}}</ref>
*[[Hythe Pier, Railway and Ferry]] engine numbers 16302 & 16307. These two 1917 locomotives were originally battery-electric vehicles supplied to the Avonmouth Mustard Gas Factory. Three locomotives were obtained by Hythe Pier Railway, with one being used for spares, and the other two were converted to draw power at 250V DC from a third rail. They operate the longest continually working pier train service in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/features/hythe_pier_railway/index.shtml |title=Hythe Pier Railway |first=Darren |last=Kitson |publisher=Disused Stations |year=2017}}</ref>
Preserved / Operating on [[Manx Electric Railway]] [[Isle of Man]]:
*[[Manx Electric Railway rolling stock]] with Brush D trucks. Bodies by other builders.
**Nos 1 & 2 (1893)
**Nos 5, 6, 7 & 9 (1894)
**No 16 (1898)
**No 34 (1995) Works Car

==Battery-electric vehicles==
[[File:Brush Pony GHJ 585.jpg|thumb|left|A Brush Pony milk float operated by Howards Dairies, seen near Southchurch Boulevarde depot, [[Southend-on-Sea]], around 1970]]
In 1940, Brush required some small battery-electric tractor units, but as none were commercially available, they asked AC Morrison of AE Morrison and Sons (later [[Morrison-Electricar]]) to produce a design for one. Morrisons produced a 3-wheeled design, which Brush then used to manufacture a number of units for internal use. Subsequently, they began selling them on the open market and shipped a large order to Russia in 1941. They added battery electric road vehicles to their product list in 1945,{{sfn|Roberts|2010|p=13}} buying the designs and manufacturing rights from [[Metropolitan-Vickers]], so that early Brush vehicles are almost indistinguishable from late Metro-Vicks.<ref>{{cite book|title=Signage on Metrovick FWB 784|publisher=The Transport Museum, Wythall}}</ref> 3-wheeled vehicles were marketed as the Brush Pony, and they also produced 4-wheeled vehicles.{{sfn|Georgano|1996|p=25}} In 1948 they added a 2-ton chassis to their range, which could be supplied with a large van, standard van, flat truck or [[milk float]] body. The welded box-section chassis was fitted with semi-elliptic springs and a Lockheed hydraulic braking system. The 36-cell 290 Ahr battery was mounted on both sides of the central spine. The electric motor was connected to a banjo-type rear axle by a Layrub propeller shaft. In common with other Brush vehicles, control was by a double-depression foot pedal, where the first depression gave two stages of control with the two-halves of the battery connected in parallel, and the second depression gave a further two stages with the batteries in series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/16th-april-1948/33/2-tonner-added-to-brush-range|title=2-tonner Added to Brush Range|work=[[Commercial Motor]]|date=16 April 1948|page=33}}</ref>

In early 1949, they reduced the prices of their electric vehicles by around 25 per cent, in an attempt to make them more competitive with petrol vehicles. The models affected were the 10-14 cwt chassis and the 18-22 cwt chassis, and they were hoping to see a five-fold increase in sales. Sales of their industrial electric truck had trebled between 1947 and 1948. All of their road vehicles were sold through the motor trade, in order to achieve a good standard of after-sales service.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/25th-february-1949/10/battery-electric-prices-cut-by-124|title=Battery Electric Prices Cut by £124|work=Commercial Motor|date=25 February 1949|page=10}}</ref>

In 1949, they offered 25 standard bodies for their chassis, including a mobile canteen or ice cream parlour, which they exhibited at the Dairy Show that year. The vehicle had a top speed of 16&nbsp;mph, and a range of 28 miles, based on eight stops per mile.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/16th-september-1949/41/battery-electric-canteen|title=Battery Electric Canteen|work=Commercial Motor|date=16 September 1949|page=41}}</ref> Production of 4-wheeled battery electrics ceased in 1950, although the company continued to manufacture the 3-wheeled Brush Pony milk float and their range of industrial trucks. They maintained enough spare parts to allow them to service 4-wheeled vehicles for a further 10 years and sold the remainder to Hindle, Smart and Co of Manchester, who made [[Helecs Vehicles|Helecs]] milk floats.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/1st-december-1950/34/large-vauxhall-plant-extension|title=Spares for Brush 4-wheelers|work=Commercial Motor|date=1 December 1950|page=34}}</ref>

In 1972, Hawker Siddeley bought a 50 per cent share in Crompton Leyland Electricars Ltd (CLE), from [[British Leyland]]. CLE was the manufacturer of Morrison-Electricar milk floats, and at this point Hawker Siddeley owned Brush, [[RA Lister & Company]], based in [[Dursley]] and [[Victor Electrics|Brook Victor Electric Vehicles]] based in [[Huddersfield]], all of which were producing electric vehicles. In order to rationalise their operations, construction of Brush industrial trucks was transferred to the Morrison-Electricar factory in Tredegar. Although most of the vehicles involved were industrial trucks, the 3-wheeled Brush Pony milk float was also included, and a number of these were subsequently manufactured at Tredegar. Also included was the SD tractor, which was still selling well, and included a drive unit which had originally been designed for Brush by Morrisons in 1940.{{sfn|Roberts|2010|p=41}}

===Preservation===
An early Brush Pony 3-wheeled milk float, formerly operated by United Dairies and dating from 1947, is on display at the [[National Motor Museum, Beaulieu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalmotormuseum.org.uk/?location_id=335&previous_filter=Most+Popular&filter=Brush|title=Brush Pony|publisher=National Motor Museum|access-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> A Brush 10/14 cwt Mark II bread van, also dating from 1947, and formerly owned by the Co-operative Wholesale Society, can be seen at [[The Transport Museum, Wythall]]. It was displayed at the East Anglia Transport Museum from around 1973, and then moved to a collection of battery-electric vehicles at Blandford, Dorset in 1983. When that collection was sold in 1987, it was given to Wythall, and has yet to be restored.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wythall.org.uk/vehicles/vhyn86.asp |title=Brush Bread Van HYN 86 |publisher=The Transport Museum, Wythall|access-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> The [[Ipswich Transport Museum]] has a Brush Pony electric laundry van dating from 1967 in their collection.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipswichtransportmuseum.co.uk/upv982.htm|title=Brush Pony Electric Van|publisher=[[Ipswich Transport Museum]]|access-date=7 July 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929021350/http://www.ipswichtransportmuseum.co.uk/upv982.htm|archive-date=29 September 2011}}</ref>

The [[National Transport Museum of Ireland]] at [[Howth]] has a Brush 2-ton electric lorry in its collection. It was supplied to Dartry Limited, a laundry company based in [[Dublin]], in 1947 as a chassis with bodbywork built locally by Dublin Vehicle Builders of [[Summerhill, Dublin|Summerhill]]. It was used to transfer laundry between Dartry's branches, and to service a number of large hotels in Dublin city centre until their decline in the 1970s. It carried the registration number ZH&nbsp;2511, and was finally withdrawn from service in 1981, around one year before Dartry ceased trading.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/transport/20th-century-transport-in/electricbattery-powered-v/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224121522/https://askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/transport/20th-century-transport-in/electricbattery-powered-v/ |archive-date=24 December 2024 |url-status=live |title=Electric/Battery Powered Vehicles |publisher=Dublin City Public Libraries}}</ref>

==Preserved aircraft==
[[File:DH89 Dominie Kidlington 2.jpg|thumb|[[de Havilland Dragon Rapide#World War Two|de Havilland DH.89 Dominie]] G-AIDL]]
A de Havilland Dominie DH.89 that Brush built in 1946 for the RAF is preserved at [[Tangmere Military Aviation Museum]] on the [[West Sussex]] coast.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==Other relics==
[[File:The Brush Falcon, National Tramway Museum - geograph.org.uk - 3522414.jpg|thumb|right|The Brush Falcon displayed at the National Tramway Museum]]
The large statue of a falcon from Brush's Loughborough works is now displayed in the exhibition hall at the [[National Tramway Museum]] in [[Crich]], [[Derbyshire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ntm.adlibhosting.com/Details/fullCatalogue/7389 |title=The Falcon |publisher=National Tramway Museum}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Associated British Oil Engine Company]]
*[[Brush-Barclay]]
*[[Brush Transformers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*Price, John H. (1976) ''The Brush Electrical Engineering Company Ltd. & its Tramcars'', Produced & printed by Nemo Productions for the Tramway and Light Railway Society
*{{cite book
|first=Nick
|last=Georgano
|title=Electric Vehicles
|publisher=Shire Publications
|year=1996
|isbn=978-0-7478-0316-4
}}
*Lowe, J.W., (1989) ''British Steam Locomotive Builders'', Guild Publishing
*{{cite book
|author1=C.J. Marsden|author2=B.F. Fenn 
|title=British Rail Main Line Diesel Locomotives
|publisher=OPC
|year=1988 
|isbn=978-0-86093-318-2
}}
*{{cite book
|first=Keith
|last=Roberts
|title=Electric Avenue - The Story of Morrison-Electricar
|publisher=Bryngold Books
|year=2010
|isbn=978-1-905900-16-9
}}
*{{cite book
|author=G. Toms
|title=Brush Diesel Locomotives 1940-78
|publisher=Turntable Publications
|year=1978
|isbn=978-0-902844-48-3
}}
*{{cite book
|author=G. Toms
|title=Brush Diesel & Electric Locomotive Works List
|publisher=Industrial Railway Society
|year=1999
|isbn=978-1-901556-13-1
}}
*Toms, G., (2009) ''Brush Diesel & Electric Locomotives 1940-2008 Vol 1 -1980'', Venture Publications

==External links==
{{Commons category|Brush Traction}}
*[http://www.brushtraction.com Brush Traction website]
*[http://www.piter-tram.de/html/brush.html Brush trams in Saint Petersburg (German)]
*[https://player.bfi.org.uk/free/film/watch-to-build-an-islands-future-1954-online To Build an Island's Future], Brush Bagnall promotional film from 1954 about diesel locomotives for Sri Lanka, on BFI Player.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JI3Y2gqMZM Construction of BR Type 2 (Class 31) locomotives at Brush] A Brush Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd. film.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UdUq2vKkY8 Brush Locomotive Overhaul] A Wabtec Faiveley UK film.

{{Brush Traction}}
{{Melrose plc}}
{{UK Milk Float Manufacturers}}

[[Category:Companies based in Loughborough]]
[[Category:Engineering companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Tram manufacturers]]
[[Category:Wabtec]]
[[Category:Battery electric vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1865 establishments in England]]