View source for Buddleja

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{for|other plants called "butterfly bush"|Butterfly bush}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = white buddleia closeup.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' (white flowered form)
| taxon = Buddleja
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = About 140 species, see text.
| type_species = ''[[Buddleja americana]]''
| type_species_authority = L.<!--1753--><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40032769 |title=''Buddleja'' L. |work=TROPICOS |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=21 October 2009}}</ref>
| synonyms = ''Adenoplea'' <small>Radlk.</small><br>
''Adenoplusia'' <small>Radlk.</small><br>
''Buddleia'' <small>L.</small>, orth. var.<br>
''Chilianthus'' <small>Burch.</small><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?1778 |title=Genus ''Buddleja'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=20 April 2006 |access-date=29 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507013824/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?1778 |archive-date=7 May 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|
}}

'''''Buddleja''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ʌ|d|l|i|ə}}; {{abbr|[[orthographical variant|orth. var.]]|Orthographical variant}} '''''Buddleia'''''; also historically given as '''''Buddlea''''') is a [[genus]] comprising over 140<ref name="TPL">{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Scrophulariaceae/Buddleja/|title=''Buddleja''|publisher=[[The Plant List]]. Version 1.1.|date=2013|language=en|access-date=2016-09-19}}</ref> [[species]] of [[flowering plant]]s [[endemicity|endemic]] to Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The generic name bestowed by [[Linnaeus]] posthumously honoured [[Adam Buddle]] (1662–1715), an English [[botanist]] and [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]], at the suggestion of [[William Houstoun (botanist)|William Houstoun]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-08-24 |title=In praise of ... buddleia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/aug/25/gardens |access-date=2024-05-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Houstoun sent the first plants to become known to science as buddleja ([[Buddleja americana|''B. americana'']]) to England from the Caribbean about 15 years after Buddle's death.  ''Buddleja'' species, especially ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' and interspecific hybrids, are commonly known as '''butterfly bushes''' and are frequently cultivated as garden shrubs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buddleia {{!}} The Wildlife Trusts |url=https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/trees-and-shrubs/buddleia |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=www.wildlifetrusts.org |language=en}}</ref> ''Buddleja davidii'' has become an invasive species in both Europe and North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-02 |title=Buddleia; butterfly buffet or bush of burden? {{!}} London Wildlife Trust |url=https://www.wildlondon.org.uk/blog/frith/buddleia |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=www.wildlondon.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>

==Nomenclature==
The botanic name has been the source of some confusion. By modern practice of [[botanical Latin]], the spelling of a generic name made from ''Buddle'' would be ''Buddleia'', but [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] in his ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' of 1753 and 1754 spelled it ''Buddleja'', with the long ''i'' between two vowels, common in early modern orthography.<ref name=Linnaei>Linnaei, C. (1753). ''Species plantarum''. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, [[Stockholm]].</ref> The pronunciation of the long ''i'' in ''Buddleja'' as ''j'' is a common modern error. The [[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]] has gradually changed to incorporate stricter rules about [[orthographic variant]]s and as of the 2006 edition requires (article 60, particularly 60.5) that Linnaeus' spelling should be followed in this case.<ref name="MelbourneCode">{{Citation |year=2012 |editor-last=McNeill |editor-first=J. |editor2-last=Barrie |editor2-first=F. R. |editor3-last=Buck |editor3-first=W. R. |editor4-last=Demoulin |editor4-first=V. |editor5-last=Greuter|editor5-first=W.|editor6-last=Hawksworth|editor6-first=D. L.|editor7-last=Herendeen|editor7-first=P. S.|editor8-last=Knapp|editor8-first=S.|editor9-last=Marhold|editor9-first=K.|editor10-last=Prado|editor10-first=J.|editor11-last=Prud'homme van Reine|editor11-first=W. F.|editor12-last=Smith|editor12-first=G. F.|editor13-last=Wiersma|editor13-first=J. H.|editor14-last=Turland|editor14-first=N. J.|title=International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), Adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011 |edition=electronic |publication-place=Bratislava |publisher=International Association for Plant Taxonomy |url=http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php |access-date=20 December 2012 |name-list-style=amp}}.</ref>

==Classification==
The genus ''Buddleja'' is now included in [[Scrophulariaceae]], having earlier been classified under [[Buddlejaceae]] ([[synonym (biology)|synonym]]: '''Oftiaceae''') and [[Loganiaceae]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |date=2001{{ndash}}2012 |contribution=Scrophulariaceae |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/lamialesweb.htm#Scrophulariaceae }}</ref>

==Description==
Of the approximately 140 species, nearly all are [[shrub]]s less than {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall, but a few qualify as [[tree]]s, the largest reaching {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Both [[evergreen]] and [[deciduous]] species occur, in tropical and temperate regions respectively. The [[leaf|leaves]] are lanceolate in most species, and arranged in opposite pairs on the stems (alternate in one species, ''[[Buddleja alternifolia|B. alternifolia]]''); they range from {{convert|1|-|30|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} long.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buddleia Identification Guide {{!}} Environet |url=https://www.environetuk.com/invasive-species/buddleia/identification |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Environet UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> The [[flower]]s of the Asiatic species are mostly produced in terminal [[panicle]]s {{convert|10|-|50|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long; the American species more commonly as cymes forming small, globose heads. Each individual flower is tubular and divided into four spreading lobes ([[petal]]s) about {{convert|3|-|4|mm|in|abbr=on}} across, the [[corolla (botany)|corolla]] length ranging from around 10&nbsp;mm in the Asiatics to 3–30&nbsp;mm in the American species, the wider variation in the latter because some South American species have evolved long red flowers to attract [[hummingbird]]s, rather than insects, as exclusive [[pollinator]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Savannah Morning News Subscription Offers, Specials, and Discounts |url=https://subscribe.savannahnow.com/restricted |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=subscribe.savannahnow.com}}</ref>

The colour of the flowers varies widely, from mostly pastel pinks and blues in Asia, to vibrant yellows and reds in the New World, while many cultivars have deeper tones.  The flowers are generally rich in [[nectar]] and often strongly honey-scented. The [[fruit]] is a small [[Capsule (fruit)|capsule]] about {{convert|1|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1|-|2|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} diameter, containing numerous small [[seed]]s; in a few species (previously classified in the separate genus ''Nicodemia'') the capsule is soft and fleshy, forming a [[berry (botany)|berry]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-02 |title=Buddleia; butterfly buffet or bush of burden? {{!}} London Wildlife Trust |url=https://www.wildlondon.org.uk/blog/frith/buddleia |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=www.wildlondon.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>

==Distribution==
The genus is found in four continents. Over 60 species are [[native plant|native]] through the New World from the southern United States to southern Chile, while many other species are found in the Old World, in Africa, and parts of Asia, but all are absent as natives from Europe and Australasia. The species are divided into three groups based on their floral type: those in the New World are mostly [[plant sexuality|dioecious]] (occasionally [[plant sexuality|hermaphrodite]] or [[plant sexuality|trioecious]]), while those in the Old World are exclusively hermaphrodite with [[perfect flower|perfect]] flowers.

==Cultivation and uses==
As garden shrubs, buddlejas are essentially 20th-century plants, with the exception of ''[[Buddleja globosa|B. globosa]]'' which was introduced to Britain from southern Chile in 1774 and disseminated from the nursery of [[Lee and Kennedy]], Hammersmith.<ref>Alice M. Coats, ''Garden Shrubs and Their Histories'' (1964) 1992, ''s.v.'' "Buddleia".</ref> Several species are popular garden plants and are commonly known as "butterfly bushes", owing to their attractiveness to [[butterflies]], and have become staples of the modern [[butterfly garden]]; they are also attractive to [[bee]]s and [[moth]]s.

The most popular cultivated species is ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' from central China, named for the French [[Basque people|Basque]] missionary and naturalist Père [[Armand David]]. Other common garden species include the aforementioned ''B. globosa'', grown for its strongly honey-scented orange globular [[inflorescences]], and the weeping ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]''. Several interspecific [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] have been made, notably [[Buddleja 'Lochinch'|''B.'' 'Lochinch']] (''B. davidii'' × [[Buddleja fallowiana|''B. fallowiana'']]) and [[Buddleja × weyeriana|''B. × weyeriana'']] (''B. globosa'' × ''B. davidii''), the latter a cross between a South American and an Asiatic species.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=van de Weyer|first=William|date=1920|title=Buddleja weyeriana|journal=Gardeners' Chronicle|volume=3,68|pages=181}}</ref>

[[File:Buddleja davidii next to rails at train station Düsseldorf-Zoo.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.0|''Budleja davidii'' self-sown along a railroad right-of-way at [[Düsseldorf]], Germany (2016)]]

Some species commonly escape from the garden. ''B. davidii'' in particular is an extensive coloniser of dry open ground. In urban areas in the United Kingdom, it often self-sows on waste ground or old masonry, where it grows into a dense thicket. A number of agricultural organizations and governing authorities throughout the world have designated the plant as an [[invasive species]] or a [[noxious weed]].<ref>Multiple sources:
* {{cite web|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/10314|title=Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush)|work=Invasive Species Compendium|year=2021|location=[[Wallingford, Oxfordshire|Wallingford]], [[Oxfordshire]], England|publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]|access-date=13 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813174445/https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/10314|archive-date=13 August 2021|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=11608#maps|title=butterflybush: Buddleja davidii Franch.|work=Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States|date=October 2018|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428174730/https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=11608|archive-date=28 April 2021|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.oregon.gov/ODA/shared/Documents/Publications/Weeds/ButterflybushPlantPestRiskAssessment.pdf|title=Noxious Weed Pest Risk Assessment for Butterfly Bush: Buddleja davidii: Buddlejaceae|work=Plant Pest Risk Assessment|date=March 2016|location=[[Salem, Oregon]]|publisher=[[Oregon Department of Agriculture]]: Noxious Weed Control Program|access-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706221756/http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/shared/Documents/Publications/Weeds/ButterflyBushPlantPestRiskAssessment.pdf|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Tallent-Halsell|first1=Nita G.|last2=Watt|first2=Michael S.|date=September 2009|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226823556|title=The Invasive Buddleja davidii (Butterfly Bush)|jstor=40389400|journal=Botanical Review|doi=10.1007/s12229-009-9033-0|volume=75|issue=3|pages=292–325|s2cid=46039523|location=New York|publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]]|bibcode=2009BotRv..75..292T |access-date=13 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813225911/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226823556_The_Invasive_Buddleja_davidii_Butterfly_Bush|archive-date=13 August 2021|url-status=live|via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref> It is frequently seen in the United Kingdom beside railway lines, on the sites of derelict factories and other buildings and, in the aftermath of [[World War II]], on urban bomb sites.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Tanya|last=Gupta|date=2014-07-15|title=Buddleia: The plant that dominates Britain's railways|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28196221|access-date=2021-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408194951/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28196221|archive-date=8 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Patch>{{cite news|first=Jonathan|last=Moynihan|url=https://patch.com/maryland/edgewater/flower-of-the-week-butterfly-bush-buddleia-davidii|title=Flower of the Week: Butterfly Bush|work=[[Patch (website)|Patch]]|location=[[Edgewater, Maryland|Edgewater]]-[[Davidsonville, Maryland|Davisonville]], [[Maryland]]|access-date=7 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807152007if_/https://patch.com/maryland/edgewater/flower-of-the-week-butterfly-bush-buddleia-davidii|archive-date=7 August 2021|url-status=live|quote=These popular garden flowers can even survive in post-war circumstances, earning the name, "the bomb site plant."}}</ref> That earned it the popular nickname of "the bomb site plant".<ref name=Patch/>

Popular garden cultivars include 'Royal Red' (reddish-purple flowers), [[Buddleja davidii 'Black Knight'|'Black Knight']] (very dark purple), 'Sungold' (golden yellow), and 'Pink Delight' (pure pink). In recent years, much breeding work has been undertaken to create seed sterile cultivars (see [[Buddleja davidii#"Non-invasive" Buddleja cultivars|"Non-invasive" Buddleja cultivars]]). This is a particularly important consideration in the United States, where several states have banned ''B. davidii'' and its fertile cultivars because of their invasiveness.<ref>Multiple sources:
* {{cite web|first=Ann|last=Young-Mathews|year=2011|url=https://plants.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/factsheet/pdf/fs_buda2.pdf|title=Plant fact sheet for orange eye butterflybush (Buddleja davidii)|location=[[Corvallis, Oregon]]|publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]]: [[Natural Resources Conservation Service]]: Corvallis Plant Materials Center|access-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804004132/https://plants.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/factsheet/pdf/fs_buda2.pdf|archive-date=4 August 2021|url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal|editor-first=Jane|editor-last= Hurwitz|url=https://www.naba.org/pubs/bg172/bg172_Butterflybush_Issue.pdf|title=The Great Butterfly Bush Debate|journal=Butterfly Gardener|volume=7|issue=2|date=Summer 2012|publisher=[[North American Butterfly Association]]|access-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722151713/https://www.naba.org/pubs/bg172/bg172_Butterflybush_Issue.pdf|archive-date=22 July 2021|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=11608#maps|title=butterflybush: Buddleja davidii Franch.|work=Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States|date=October 2018|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428174730/https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=11608|archive-date=28 April 2021|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.oregon.gov/oda/programs/nurserychristmastree/pages/butterflybush.aspx|title=Butterfly Bush Approved Cultivars|publisher=[[Oregon Department of Agriculture]]|access-date=6 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007130210/http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/NurseryChristmasTree/Pages/ButterflyBush.aspx|archive-date=7 October 2014|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.oregon.gov/ODA/shared/Documents/Publications/Weeds/ButterflybushPlantPestRiskAssessment.pdf|title=Noxious Weed Pest Risk Assessment for Butterfly Bush: Buddleja davidii: Buddlejaceae|work=Plant Pest Risk Assessment|date=March 2016|location=[[Salem, Oregon]]|publisher=[[Oregon Department of Agriculture]]: Noxious Weed Control Program|access-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706221756/http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/shared/Documents/Publications/Weeds/ButterflyBushPlantPestRiskAssessment.pdf|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|first=James|last=Altland|date=January 2005|url=https://extension.oregonstate.edu/news/how-keep-butterfly-bush-spreading-noxiously|title=How to keep butterfly bush from spreading noxiously|publisher=[[Oregon State University#Extension Service|Oregon State University Extension Service]]|access-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520052419/https://extension.oregonstate.edu/news/how-keep-butterfly-bush-spreading-noxiously|archive-date=20 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

==List of species and naturally occurring hybrids==
The many species of ''Buddleja'' have been the subject of much taxonomic contention. The listing below includes the names, still prevalent in horticulture, of many former Asiatic species [[Synonym (taxonomy)#Botany|sunk]] by the late [[Anthonius Josephus Maria Leeuwenberg|Toon Leeuwenberg]] as ''Buddleja crispa'' and adopted as such in the definitive ''Flora of China''.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=29912 |taxon=''Buddleja'' |access-date=10 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1778 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Buddleja'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=29 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120103518/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1778 |archive-date=20 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Norman>Norman, E. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica, Vol. 81.'' New York Botanical Garden, USA.</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* ''[[Buddleja acuminata]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja agathosma]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × alata]]'' <small>Rehder & E.H.Wilson</small>
* ''[[Buddleja albiflora]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja americana]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja anchoensis]]'' <small>Kuntze</small>
* ''[[Buddleja araucana]]'' <small>Phil.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja aromatica]]'' <small>Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja asiatica]]'' <small>Lour.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja auriculata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja axillaris]]'' <small>Willd. ex. Roem. et Schult.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bhutanica]]'' <small>T. Yamaz.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja blattaria]]'' <small>J. F. Macbr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachiata]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachystachya]]'' <small>Diels.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bullata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja candida]]'' <small>Dunn</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cardanesii]]'' <small>Standl. ex E. M. Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja caryopteridifolia]]'' <small>W.W. Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cestriflora]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chapalana]]'' <small>B. L. Rob.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chenopodiifolia]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja colvilei]]'' <small>Hook.f. & Thomson</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordobensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja coriacea]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja corrugata]]'' <small>M. E. Jones</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crispa]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crotonoides]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuneata]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja curviflora]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuspidata]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' <small>Franch. (Butterfly bush)</small>
* ''[[Buddleja delavayi]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja diffusa]]'' <small>Ruíz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja domingensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja dysophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Radlk.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja euryphylla]]'' <small>Standl. & Steyerm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fallowiana]]'' <small>Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.</small>
** [[Buddleja fallowiana var. alba|var. ''alba'']] <small>[[Lucien Sabourin|Sabourin]]</small>
* ''[[Buddleja farreri]]'' <small>[[Isaac Bayley Balfour|Balf.f]] & [[William Wright Smith|W. W. Sm.]]</small> 
* ''[[Buddleja filibracteolata]]'' <small>J. A. González & J. F. Morales</small>
* ''[[Buddleja forrestii]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fragifera]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fusca]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja globosa]]'' <small>Hope</small>
* ''[[Buddleja glomerata]]'' <small>H. L. Wendl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja grandiflora]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hatschbachii]]'' <small>E. M. Norman & L. B. Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hieronymi]]'' <small>R. E. Fr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ibarrensis]]'' <small>E. M. Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja incana]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja indica]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja interrupta]]'' <small>Kunth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja iresinoides]]'' <small>(Griseb.) Hosseus</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jamesonii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja japonica]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jinsixiaensis]]'' <small>R. B Zhu</small>
* ''[[Buddleja kleinii]]'' <small>E. M. Norman & L. B. Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lanata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja limitanea]]'' <small>[[William Wright Smith|W. W. Sm.]]</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lindleyana]]'' <small>Fortune ex Lindl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lojensis]]'' <small>E. M. Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longifolia]]'' <small>Kunth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longiflora]]'' <small>Brade</small>
* ''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja macrostachya]]'' <small>Wallich ex. Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja madagascariensis]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja marrubiifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja megalocephala]]'' <small>Donn. Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja mendozensis]]'' <small>Gillies ex. Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja microstachya]]'' <small> E. D. Liu</small>
* ''[[Buddleja misionum]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja montana]]'' <small>Britton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja myriantha]]'' <small>Diels.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nitida]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nivea]]'' <small>Duthie</small>
* ''[[Buddleja oblonga]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja officinalis]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja paniculata]]'' <small>Wallich.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja parviflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja perfoliata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pichinchensis]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polycephala]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polystachya]]'' <small>Fresen.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pulchella]]'' <small>N. E. Br.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja racemosa]]'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ramboi]]'' <small>L. B. Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rufescens]]'' <small>Willd. ex Schultes & Schultes</small>
* ''[[Buddleja saligna]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]'' <small>(L.) Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja scordioides]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sessiliflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja skutchii]]'' <small>C. V. Morton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja simplex]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja soratae]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja speciosissima]]'' <small>Taub.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sphaerocalyx]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja stachyoides]]'' <small>Cham & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja stenostachya]]'' <small>Rehder & E.H.Wilson</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sterniana]]'' <small>A. D. Cotton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja suaveolens]]'' <small>Kunth & Bouché</small>
* ''[[Buddleja subcapitata]]'' <small>E. D. Liu</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tibetica]]'' <small>[[William Wright Smith|W. W. Sm.]]</small>
* ''[[Buddleja thyrsoides]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tubiflora]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tucumanensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja utahensis]]'' <small>Coville</small>
* ''[[Buddleja vexans]]'' <small>Kraenzl. & Loes. ex E. M. Norman</small>
* ''Buddleja × wardii'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja yunnanensis]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small>
{{div col end}}

=== Formerly placed here ===
* ''[[Cephalanthus glabratus]]'' <small>(Spreng.) K.Schum.</small> (as ''B. glabrata'' <small>Spreng.</small>)

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" widths=160px heights=160px>
Image:Buddavii.jpg|''B. davidii'' – Invasive species, here in an urban area
Image:Buddleja asiatica.jpg|''Buddleja madagascariensis'' – flowers and foliage
File:Ibuddleiaigarata.jpg|Unidentified ''Buddleja'' species in Igarata, Brazil
File:Monarch Butterfly Flower.jpg|Monarch butterfly feeding on ''Buddleja davidii'' in [[Connecticut]]
File:Buddleja officinalis with Red Admiral.jpg|[[Vanessa atalanta|Red Admiral]] butterfly feeding on ''Buddleja officinalis'' in January
</gallery>

==RHS Award of Garden Merit==
The following Buddleja species and cultivars are (2017) holders of the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]]:
{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
*[[Buddleja alternifolia|''B. alternifolia'']]
*[[Buddleja asiatica|''B. asiatica'']]
*[[Buddleja davidii 'Black Knight'|''B. davidii'' 'Black Knight']]
*[[Buddleja davidii 'Blue Horizon'|''B. davidii'' 'Blue Horizon']]
*[[Buddleja davidii 'Camkeep' = Camberwell Beauty|''B. davidii'' 'Camkeep' = {{tdes|Camberwell Beauty|caps}}]]
*[[Buddleja davidii 'Darent Valley'|''B. davidii'' 'Darent Valley']]
*[[Buddleja davidii 'Dartmoor'|''B. davidii'' 'Dartmoor']]
*''B. davidii'' 'Monum' = {{tdes|Nanho Purple|caps}}
*[[Buddleja davidii 'Monite' = Nanho White|''B. davidii'' 'Monite' = {{tdes|Nanho White|caps}}]]
*''B. davidii'' 'Royal Red'
*[[Buddleja davidii 'White Profusion'|''B. davidii'' 'White Profusion']]
*[[Buddleja fallowiana var. alba|''B. fallowiana'' var. ''alba'']]
*[[Buddleja globosa|''B. globosa'']]
*[[Buddleja 'Lochinch'|''B''. 'Lochinch']]
*[[Buddleja madagascariensis|''B. madagascariensis'']]
*[[Buddleja 'Miss Ruby'|''B.'' 'Miss Ruby']]
*[[Buddleja officinalis|''B. officinalis'']]
*''B.'' 'Pink Delight'
*[[Buddleja 'West Hill'|''B.'' 'West Hill']]
*''B.'' × ''weyeriana'' 'Sungold'
{{div col end}}

==Monographs==

=== Asiatic and African species ===
*Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1979) ''The Loganiaceae of Africa XVIII Buddleja L. II, Revision of the African & Asiatic species''. H. Veenman & Zonen, Wageningen, Nederland.

=== North and South American species ===
*Norman, E. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica, Vol. 81.'' New York Botanical Garden, USA. {{ISSN|0071-5794}}

=== Cultivated species and cultivars ===
*Stuart, D. (2006). ''Buddlejas''. RHS Plant Collector Guide. Timber Press, Oregon, USA. {{ISBN|978-0-88192-688-0}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
*[http://www.chilebosque.cl/shrb/bglob.html ''Buddleja globosa'' pictures from ''Chilebosque''.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090630100421/http://www.arhomeandgarden.org/plantoftheweek/articles/Butterfly_Bush_Summer_Lilac.htm Reference to nomenclature issue]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q158011}}

[[Category:Buddleja| ]]
[[Category:Butterfly food plants]]
[[Category:Scrophulariaceae genera]]