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{{short description|Former autonomous corporate entity in Scotland and Northern England}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:Royal Burgh of Culross, Fife.jpg|thumb|300px|The Royal Burgh of [[Culross]] in Fife]]
A '''burgh''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ʌr|ə}} {{respell|BURR|ə}}) is an [[Autonomy|autonomous]] [[municipal corporation]] in [[Scotland]], usually a [[city]], [[town]], or '''toun''' in [[Scots language|Scots]]. This type of [[administrative division]] existed from the 12th century, when [[David I of Scotland|King David I]] created the first [[royal burgh]]s. Burgh status was broadly analogous to [[borough status in the United Kingdom|borough status]], found in the rest of the [[United Kingdom]]. Following [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973|local government reorganisation in 1975]], the title of "royal burgh" remains in use in many towns, but now has little more than ceremonial value.

==History==
[[File:Ordnancegazettee03groouoft raw 0284.png|thumb|right|Seal of [[Haddington, East Lothian|Haddington]] town: "David Dei Gratia Rex Scottorum. Sigillum commune burgi de Hadington"]]
The first burgh was [[Berwick-upon-Tweed|Berwick]]. By 1130, [[David I of Scotland|David I]] (r. 1124–53) had established other burghs including [[Edinburgh]], [[Stirling]], [[Dunfermline]], [[Haddington, East Lothian|Haddington]], [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], [[Dumfries]], [[Jedburgh]], [[Montrose, Angus|Montrose]], [[Rutherglen]] and [[Lanark]].<ref>J Mackay, The Convention of Royal Burghs of Scotland, From its Origin down to the Completion of the Treaty of Union between England and Scotland in 1707, Co-operative Printing Co. Ltd, Edinburgh 1884, p.2</ref> Most of the burghs granted charters in his reign probably already existed as settlements. Charters were copied almost verbatim from those used in England,<ref>G. W. S. Barrow, ''Kingship and Unity: Scotland 1000-1306'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1989), {{ISBN|074860104X}}, p. 98.</ref> and early burgesses usually invited [[English people|English]] and [[Flemings|Flemish]] settlers.<ref name=MacQuarrie2004pp136-40>A. MacQuarrie, ''Medieval Scotland: Kinship and Nation'' (Thrupp: Sutton, 2004), {{ISBN|0-7509-2977-4}}, pp. 136-40.</ref> They were able to impose tolls and fines on traders within a region outside their settlements.<ref name=MacQuarrie2004pp136-40/> Properties known as [[Burgage]] tenures were a key feature, whose tenants had to be of the [[Burgher (social class)|Burgher]] class, known as a "[[Burgess (title)|Burgesses]]", and therefore eligible to participate in trade within the town, and to elect town officials. Most of the early burghs were on the east coast, and among them were the largest and wealthiest, including [[Old Aberdeen|Old]] and [[New Aberdeen]], Berwick, Perth and Edinburgh, whose growth was facilitated by trade with other [[North Sea]] ports on the continent, in particular in the [[Low Countries]], as well as ports on the [[Baltic Sea]]. In the south-west, [[Glasgow]], [[Ayr]] and [[Kirkcudbright]] were aided by the less profitable sea trade with Ireland and to a lesser extent France and Spain.<ref name=Mitchinson2002p78/> 
[[File:Burgh Seal of Crail, Fife (reverse).JPG|thumb|160px|Reverse side of the burgh seal of [[Crail]], a [[Fife]] fishing port]]
Burghs were typically settlements under the protection of a castle and usually had a market place, with a widened high street or junction, marked by a [[mercat cross]], beside houses for the burgesses and other inhabitants.<ref name=MacQuarrie2004pp136-40/> The founding of 16 royal burghs can be traced to the reign of David I (1124–53)<ref name=Stringer2005>K. J. Stringer, "The Emergence of a Nation-State, 1100-1300", in J. Wormald, ed., ''Scotland: A History'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), {{ISBN|0198206151}}, pp. 38-76.</ref> and there is evidence of 55 burghs by 1296.<ref name=Webster1997pp122-3>B. Webster, ''Medieval Scotland: the Making of an Identity'' (St. Martin's Press, 1997), {{ISBN|0333567617}}, pp. 122-3.</ref> In addition to the major [[royal burgh]]s, the late Middle Ages saw the proliferation of baronial and ecclesiastical burghs, with 51 created between 1450 and 1516. Most of these were much smaller than their royal counterparts. Excluded from foreign trade, they acted mainly as local markets and centres of craftsmanship.<ref name=Mitchinson2002p78>R. Mitchison, ''A History of Scotland'' (London: Routledge, 3rd edn., 2002), {{ISBN|0415278805}}, p. 78.</ref> Burghs were centres of basic crafts, including the manufacture of shoes, clothes, dishes, pots, joinery, bread and ale, which would normally be sold to "indwellers" and "outdwellers" on market days.<ref name=MacQuarrie2004pp136-40/> In general, burghs carried out far more local trading with their hinterlands, on which they relied for food and raw materials, than trading nationally or abroad.<ref name=Wormald1991pp41-55>J. Wormald, ''Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), {{ISBN|0748602763}}, pp. 41-55.</ref>

Burghs had rights to representation in the [[Parliament of Scotland]]. Under the [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union of 1707]] many became [[parliamentary burghs]], represented in the [[Parliament of Great Britain]]. Under the [[Scottish Reform Act 1832]], 32 years after the merger of the Parliament of Great Britain into the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]], the boundaries of burghs for parliamentary [[election]]s ceased to be necessarily their boundaries for other purposes.

===Types===
There were several types of burgh, including;

*[[Royal burgh]], founded by royal charter.
*[[Burgh of regality]], granted to a nobleman or "lord of regality".
*[[Burgh of barony]], granted to a tenant-in-chief, with narrower powers.
*[[Parliamentary burgh]] or [[burgh constituency]], a type of [[parliamentary constituency]].
*[[Police burgh]], a burgh operating a "police system" of town government.

===Modern history===
[[Image:Linlithgow Burgh sign.gif|thumb|A sign in [[Linlithgow]], [[Scotland]]]]

Until 1833, each burgh had a different constitution or "sett". The government of the burgh was often in the hands of a self-nominating corporation, and few local government functions were performed: these were often left to [[ad hoc]] bodies.

Two pieces of reforming legislation were enacted in 1833: The [[Royal Burghs (Scotland) Act 1833]] ([[3 & 4 Will. 4]]. c. 76) and the [[Burgh Police (Scotland) Act 1833]] ([[3 & 4 Will. 4]]. c. 46).

The [[Royal Burghs (Scotland) Act 1833]] ([[3 & 4 Will. 4]]. c. 76) provided for the election of magistrates and councillors. Each burgh was to have a common council consisting of a provost (or lord provost), magistrates (or bailies) and councillors. Every parliamentary elector living within the "royalty" or area of the royal burgh, or within seven statute miles of its boundary, was entitled to vote in burgh elections. One third of the common council was elected each year. The councillors selected a number of their members to be bailies, who acted as a magistrates bench for the burgh and dealt with such issues as licensing. The provost, or chief magistrate, was elected from among the council every three years. The Royal Burghs Act was also extended to the 12 [[parliamentary burgh]]s which had recently been enfranchised. These were growing industrial centres, and apart from the lack of a charter, they had identical powers and privileges to the royal burghs.<ref name="atkinson">Mabel Atkinson, ''The Organisation of Local Government in Scotland'', ''Political Science Quarterly'', Vol. 18, No. 1. (March, 1903), pp. 59-87.</ref> Royal Burghs retained the right to corporate property or "common good". This property was used for the advantage of the inhabitants of the burgh, funding such facilities as public parks, museums and civic events.

The [[Burgh Police (Scotland) Act 1833]] ([[3 & 4 Will. 4]]. c. 46) allowed the inhabitants of royal burghs, [[Burgh of regality|burghs of regality]] and of [[Burgh of barony|bBarony]] to adopt a "police system". "Police" in this sense did not refer to law enforcement, but to various local government activities summarised in the act as ''"paving, lighting, cleansing, watching, supplying with water, and improving such Burghs respectively, as may be necessary and expedient"''. The act could be adopted following its approval in a poll of householders in the burgh. Burghs reformed or created under this and later legislation became known as [[police burgh]]s. The governing body of a police burgh were the police commissioners. The commissioners were elected by the existing town council of the burgh, not by the electorate at large. The town council of a burgh could by a three-quarters majority become police commissioners for the burgh. In many cases this led to the existence of two parallel burgh administrations, the town council and the police commissioners, each with the same membership, but separate legal identity and powers.<ref name="atkinson"/> Further legislation, the [[Police (Scotland) Act 1850]] ([[13 & 14 Vict.]] c. 33), allowed "populous places" other than existing burghs to become police burghs.

In 1893, most of the anomalies in the administration of burghs were removed: police commissioners were retitled as councillors and all burghs were to consist of a single body corporate, ending the existence of parallel burghs. All burghs of barony and regality that had not adopted a police system were abolished.{{dubious|Abolished 1893?|date=May 2018}} Councils were to be headed by a chief magistrate using the "customary title" of the burgh.<ref>[[Burgh Police (Scotland) Act 1892]] (1892 c. 55)</ref> In 1900, the chief magistrate of every burgh was to be known as the provost – except in burghs granted a [[lord provost]].

The last major legislation to effect burghs came into effect in 1930. The [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929]] ([[19 & 20 Geo. 5]]. c. 25) divided burghs into three classes: 
*"Counties of cities": the four largest royal burghs, they combined the powers of a burgh and county council.
*"[[Large burgh]]s": independent of the county council except in major services such as police and education.
*"[[Small burgh]]s": performing minor local government functions such as street-cleaning, housing, lighting and drainage..

The [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973]] (c. 65) formally abolished burghs. Section 1(5) of the act stated: ''On 16 May 1975, all local government areas existing immediately before that date, that is to say, all counties, counties of cities, large burghs, small burghs and districts, shall cease to exist, and the council of every such area shall also cease to exist.'' The use of the title continues in informal use, however.

The common good properties and funds of the royal burghs continue to exist. They are administered by the present [[subdivisions of Scotland|area councils]], who must make "have regard to the interests of the inhabitants of the area to which the common good formerly related". The use of these assets are to be for the benefit of the inhabitants of the former burgh.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://minutes.stirling.gov.uk/pdfs/scouncil/Reports/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20REPCOMGF.pdf |title=''Report on the Stirling Burgh Common Good Fund, 9 October 1997'' |access-date=1 March 2008 |archive-date=25 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625033648/http://minutes.stirling.gov.uk/pdfs/scouncil/Reports/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20REPCOMGF.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Any person or body holding the honorary freedom ''of any place... formerly having the status of a city, burgh or royal burgh'' continued to enjoy that status after the 1975 reorganisation.<ref>The Local Government Area Changes (Scotland) Regulations 1977 ([[SI 1977]]/8) (S. 1)</ref>

==Features==

===Provost===
[[File:Council Chamber, Leith.JPG|thumb|The Council Chamber in [[Leith]] which ceased to be an autonomous burgh in 1920]]
The chief magistrate or convener of a burgh, equivalent to a [[mayor]], was called a [[provost (civil)|provost]]. Many different titles were in use until the [[Town Councils (Scotland) Act 1900]] standardised the term as "provost", except in cities with a lord provost. Since 1975 local authorities have been free to choose the title of their convener and provosts are appointed to chair a number of [[council areas of Scotland|area]] and [[community council]]s.

===Bailies===
Under the provost were [[magistrate]]s or [[baillie]]s who both acted as councillors, and in the enforcement of laws. As well as general tasks, they often had specific tasks such as inspecting wine, or ale, or other products sold at market. The title of bailie ceased to have any statutory meaning in 1975, although modern area councils do sometimes make appointments to the office on a purely ceremonial basis. For example, [[Glasgow City Council]] grants the title in an honorary capacity to senior councillors, while [[Stirling Council]] appoints four bailies to act in lieu of the provost in specific geographical areas.<ref name=glasgow>{{cite web |title=Lord Provost and Bailies |url=http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/en/AboutGlasgow/LordProvostsmessage/History+of+the+office+of+Lord+Provost.htm |date=28 March 2007 |publisher=Glasgow City Council |access-date=24 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915190033/http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/en/AboutGlasgow/LordProvostsmessage/History%2Bof%2Bthe%2Boffice%2Bof%2BLord%2BProvost.htm |archive-date=15 September 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Stirling's New Bailies |url=http://www.stirling.gov.uk/text/index/council/news.htm?id=168854&m=5&y=2008 |date=13 May 2008 |publisher=Stirling Council |access-date=24 August 2009 }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Burgesses===
A resident granted the rights of a "freeman" of the burgh, was styled a [[burgess (title)|burgess]] (''pl. burgesses''), a title also used in English boroughs. These freemen and their wives were a class which did not include dependants (e.g. apprentices) and servants, though they were not guaranteed to be wealthy.

===Dean of Guild===
This was a title held by one of the bailies of the burgh who presided over a [[Dean of Guild]] Court which was given the specific duty of building control. The courts were abolished in 1975, with building regulation transferred to the relevant local authority.<ref>{{cite web |title=Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 (c. 65) s.227 |url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+P...1&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&PageNumber=0&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=1607484&ActiveTextDocId=1607484&filesize=501 |year=1975 |work=UK Statute Law Database |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information]] |access-date=24 August 2009}}</ref> Appointments to the office of Dean of Guild are still made in some areas: for instance the Lord Dean of Guild of [[Glasgow]] is described as the "second citizen of Glasgow" after the Lord Provost although the appointment is in the hands of the Merchants House of Glasgow, and not the city council.<ref name=glasgow/><ref>{{cite web |title=About the Merchants House of Glasgow |url=http://www.hfweb.co.uk/merchantshouse/about-merchants-house-glasgow.html |publisher=Merchants House of Glasgow |access-date=24 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513092558/http://www.hfweb.co.uk/merchantshouse/about-merchants-house-glasgow.html |archive-date=13 May 2008 }}</ref>

===Trading privileges===
Early Burghs were granted the power to trade, which allowed them to control trade until the 19th century. The population of [[Burgess (title)|burgesses]] could be roughly divided between [[merchants]] and [[Artisan|craftsmen]], and the tensions between the interests of the two classes was often a feature of the cities. Craftsmen were usually organised into [[guild]]s. Merchants also had a guild, but many merchants did not belong to it, and it would be run by a small group of the most powerful merchants. The class of merchants included all traders, from stall-holders and pack-men to shop-holders and traders of considerable wealth.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}

==Etymology==
As used in this article, the [[Scots language]] word {{lang|sco|burgh}} is derived from the [[Old English]] {{lang|ang|Burh}}. In [[Scotland]] it refers to corporate entities whose [[Law|legality]] is peculiar to Scotland. ([[Scottish law]] was protected and preserved as distinct from laws of [[England]] under the [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union of 1707]].) Another variant pronunciation, {{IPAc-en|audio=en-borough.ogg|b|r|ʌ|f}}, is heard in several Cumbrian place names, e.g. [[Burgh by Sands]], [[Longburgh]], [[Drumburgh]], [[Mayburgh Henge]].

The English language ''borough'', like the Scots {{lang|sco|Burgh}}, is derived from the same [[Old English language]] word {{lang|ang|[[burh]]}} (whose dative singular and nominative/accusative plural form {{lang|ang|byrig}} sometimes underlies modern place-names, and which had dialectal variants including ''"burg"''; it was also sometimes confused with {{lang|ang|beorh}}, {{lang|ang|beorg}}, 'mound, hill', on which see Hall 2001, 69–70).  The [[Old English]] word was originally used for a fortified town or proto-[[castle]] (e.g. at [[Dover Castle]] or [[Burgh Castle Roman Site|Burgh Castle]]) and was related to the verb {{lang|ang|beorgan}} ([[cf.]] Dutch and German {{lang|de|bergen}}) 'to keep, save, make secure'. In the [[German language]], {{lang|de|[[:de:Burg|Burg]]}} means '[[castle]]' or '[[fortress]]', though so many towns grew up around castles that it almost came to mean ''[[city]]'', and is incorporated into many [[placenames]], such as [[Hamburg]], [[Flensburg]] and [[Strasburg, Germany|Strasburg]].

The word has cognates in other [[Germanic languages]]. For example, {{lang|de|burg}} in German, and {{lang|sv|borg}} in both [[Danish language|Danish]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]]. The equivalent word is also to be found in [[Frisian languages|Frisian]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] and [[Faroese language|Faroese]]. Burgh in placenames is found in its greatest UK concentration in the [[East Anglia]] region of southern England, where also the word has taken the form ''bury'', as in Canterbury.<ref>Stewart 1967:193</ref>

A number of other [[Europe]]an languages have cognate words which were borrowed from the Germanic languages during the [[Middle Ages]], including {{lang|ga|brog}} in [[Irish language|Irish]], {{lang|cy|bwr}} or {{lang|cy|bwrc}}, meaning 'wall, rampart' in [[Welsh language|Welsh]], {{lang|fr|bourg}} in [[French language|French]], {{lang|it|borgo}} in [[Italian language|Italian]], and {{lang|es|burgo}} in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (hence the place-name [[Burgos]]).

The most obviously derivative words are [[wikt:Special:Search/burgher|burgher]] in English, {{lang|de|[[:de:Bürger|Bürger]]}} in German or {{lang|nl|burger}} in Dutch (literally '[[citizen]]', with connotations of [[middle-class]] in English and other Germanic languages).  Also related are the words {{lang|fr|[[bourgeois]]}} and ''[[Bell tower|belfry]]'' (both from the [[French language|French]]), and ''[[burglar]]''.  More distantly, it is related to words meaning '[[hill]]' or '[[mountain]]' in a number of languages (cf. the second element of ''[[iceberg]]'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://germazope.uni-trier.de/Projects/WBB/woerterbuecher/dwb/wbgui?lemid=GB04143|title=Wörterbuchnetz|access-date=19 February 2007|archive-date=14 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114232212/http://germazope.uni-trier.de/Projects/WBB/woerterbuecher/dwb/wbgui?lemid=GB04143|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Toponymy ==
Burgh is commonly used as a [[Affix|suffix]] in place names in Great Britain, particularly Scotland and northern England, and other places where Britons settled, examples:
<!-- ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->

===England===
Examples:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Alburgh]]
*[[Aldeburgh]]
*[[Bamburgh]]
*[[Barnburgh]]
*[[Bawburgh]]
*[[Blythburgh]]
*[[Burghfield]]
*[[Carrawburgh]]
*[[Chedburgh]]
*[[Dickleburgh]]
*[[Drumburgh]]
*[[Dunstanburgh]]
*[[Fleggburgh]]
*[[Flookburgh]]
*[[Grundisburgh]]
*[[Happisburgh]]
*[[Hoo St Werburgh]]
*[[Ickburgh]]
*[[Kettleburgh]]
*[[Longburgh]]
*[[Mayburgh Henge]]
*[[Newburgh (disambiguation)]]
*[[Oxburgh Hall]]
*[[Rumburgh]]
*[[Ryburgh]]
*[[Lower Shuckburgh|Shuckburgh]]
*[[Smallburgh]]
*[[Southburgh]]
*[[St Werburghs]]
*[[Tasburgh]]
*[[Whinburgh]]
*[[Winfrith Newburgh]]
*[[Yarburgh]]
{{div col end}}

===Scotland===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Branderburgh]]
*[[Dryburgh]]
*[[Edinburgh]]
*[[Fraserburgh]]
*[[Helensburgh]]
*[[Jedburgh]]
*[[Leverburgh]]
*[[Maryburgh]]
*[[Musselburgh]]
*[[Newburgh (disambiguation)]]
*[[Dairsie|Osnaburgh]]
*[[Roxburgh]]
*[[Salsburgh]]
*[[Winchburgh]]
*[[Paisley, Renfrewshire|Williamsburgh]]
*[[Kingsburgh, Skye]]
{{div col end}}

===Other===
*[[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[United States]]
*[[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[United States]]
*[[Greenburgh, New York|Greenburgh]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[United States]]
*[[Hamptonburgh, New York|Hamptonburgh]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[United States]]
*[[Plattsburgh, New York|Plattsburgh]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[United States]]
*[[Newburgh, New York|Newburgh]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[United States]]
*[[Edinburgh, Indiana|Edinburgh]], [[Indiana]], [[United States]]
*[[Edithburgh]], [[South Australia]]
*[[Enosburg Falls, Vermont|Enosburg Falls, Vermont, United States]]
*[[Louisburgh, County Mayo]], [[Ireland]]

And as a placename on its own, in the [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] countries:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Burgh, Renfrewshire]], Scotland
*[[Burgh (Netherlands)]] - a town in the [[Netherlands]] in the municipality of [[Schouwen-Duiveland]].
*[[Burgh, Suffolk]], England
*[[Burgh by Sands]], Cumbria, England (''pronounced Bruff by Sands'')
*[[Burgh Castle]], Suffolk, England
*[[Burgh le Marsh]], Lincolnshire, England
*[[Burgh on Bain]], Lincolnshire, England
*[[Burgh Island]], Devon, England
*[[Burgh next Aylsham]], Norfolk, England
*[[Fleggburgh|Burgh St Margaret]], Norfolk, England
*[[Burgh St Peter]], Norfolk, England
*[[Burgh Hill]], (Wealdon), Sussex
*[[Burgh Hill]], (Rother), Sussex
*[[Burgh Heath]], Surrey
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
*[[Cities of Scotland]]
*[[Borough]]
* [[-bury]]
*[[Convention of Royal Burghs]]
*[[Five Burghs]]
*[[List of burghs in Scotland]]
*[[List of UK place names with royal patronage]]
*[[Royal burgh]]

{{Terms for types of administrative territorial entities}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
*Hall, Alaric, [http://www.alarichall.org.uk/quaestio2.pdf 'Old MacDonald had a Fyrm, eo, eo, y: Two Marginal Developments of < eo > in Old and Middle English'], Quaestio: Selected Proceedings of the Cambridge Colloquium in Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, 2 (2001), 60-90.
* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |last=Smith |first=William Charles |author-link=William Charles Smith  |wstitle=Borough |volume=4  |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |pages=62–64 }}
* {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |last=Smith |first=William Charles |author-link=William Charles Smith |last2=Bateson |first2=Mary |author2-link=Mary Bateson (historian)  |wstitle=Borough |volume=4 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1911}} |pages=268–273 }}
*[[George R. Stewart|Stewart, George R.]] (1967) ''Names on the Land.'' Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Burghs| ]]
[[Category:Types of subdivision in the United Kingdom]]