View source for CP-67

{{Short description|IBM operating system component}}
{{Main|CP/CMS}}
{{Infobox OS
| name                   = CP-67<!-- Name of program or distribution -->
| logo                   = IBM logo.svg
| logo caption           = 
| logo size              = 120px
| logo alt               = 
| screenshot             = <!-- filename only (no wikilink, no Image:/File:) -->
| caption                = 
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| screenshot_alt         = 
| collapsible            = 
| version of             = <!-- For articles about releases of operating systems ONLY -->
| developer              = [[IBM]] [[Cambridge Scientific Center]] (CSC)<!-- Name of main developer or sponsor-->
| family                 = [[CP/CMS]]<!-- "Unix-like" or "Microsoft Windows" -->
| working state          = Historic<!-- "Current", "Discontinued" (operating systems), or "No longer supported" (releases) -->
| source model           = <!-- "Open source", "Closed source", or "Shared source" -->
| released               = 
| discontinued           = <!-- DON'T use this for articles about releases of operating systems -->
| RTM date               = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes/no}} ONLY for articles about OS releases -->
| GA date                = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes/no}} ONLY for articles about OS releases -->
| latest release version = 
| latest release date    = 
| latest preview version = 
| latest preview date    = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes/no}} -->
| marketing target       = [[IBM mainframe]] computers
| programmed in          = 
| language               = [[English language|English]]<!-- Supported human languages (English, French, Italian, Arabic, ...) -->
| update model           = <!-- APT, Windows Update, etc. -->
| package manager        = <!-- dpkg, rpm, Windows installer, etc. -->
| supported platforms    = [[IBM System/360-67]]<!-- IA-32, x64, Itanium, ARM, etc. -->
| kernel type            = <!-- Hybrid, Monolithic, Microkernel, Exokernel, Nanokernel, etc. -->
| userland               = 
| ui                     = [[Command-line interface]]
| license                = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| preceded by            = [[IBM CP-40]]
| succeeded by           = [[VM (operating system)|IBM CP-370 / VM/370]]
| website                = <!-- {{URL|www.example.org}} -->
| support status         = <!-- For articles about releases of operating systems ONLY -->
| other articles         = 
| prog_language          = 
}}
'''CP-67''' is a [[hypervisor]], or Virtual Machine Monitor, from [[IBM]] for its [[System/360 Model 67]] computer.

CP-67 is the control program portion of [[CP/CMS]], a [[virtual machine]] operating system developed by IBM's [[Cambridge Scientific Center]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]. It was a reimplementation of their earlier research system [[IBM CP-40|CP-40]], which ran on a one-off customized S/360-40. CP-67 was later reimplemented (again) as [[CP-370]], which IBM released as [[VM (operating system)|VM/370]] in 1972, when [[virtual memory]] was added to the [[System/370]] series.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Randal |first1=Allison |title=The Ideal Versus the Real: Revisiting the History of Virtual Machines and Containers |journal=ACM Computing Surveys |date=February 2020 |volume=53 |issue=1 |doi=10.1145/3365199 |s2cid=139100890 |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3365199 |access-date=March 9, 2023|arxiv=1904.12226 }}</ref>

CP and CMS are usually grouped together as a unit, but the "components are independent of each other. CP-67 can be used on an appropriate configuration without CMS, and CMS
can be run on a properly configured System/360 as a single-user system without CP-67."<ref name="UG">{{cite book |last1=IBM Corporation |title=Control Program-67/Cambridge Monitor System (CP-67/CMS) Version 3 Program Number 360D-05.2.005 User's Guide |date=October 1970 |page=1 |url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/cp67/GH20-0859-0_CP-67_Version_3_Users_Guide_Oct1970.pdf |access-date=March 9, 2023}}</ref> 

==Minimum hardware configuration==
The minimum configuration for CP-67 is:<ref name="PLM">{{cite book |last1=IBM Corporation |title=Control Program-67/Cambridge Monitor System (CP-67/CMS) Version 3.2 Program Number 360D-05.2.005 CP/67 Program Logic Manual |date=May 1973 |url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/cp67/GY20-0590-2_CP-67_Program_Logic_Manual_May1973.pdf |access-date=March 9, 2023}}</ref>{{rp|p.1}}
* 2067 CPU, model 1 or 2
* 2365 Processor Storage model 1—262,144 bytes of [[magnetic core memory]] with an access time of 750&nbsp;ns (nanoseconds) per eight bytes.<ref name="M65">{{cite book |last1=IBM Corporation |title=IBM System/360 Model 65 Functional Characteristics |date=September 1968 |page=5 |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/functional_characteristics/A22-6884-3_360-65_funcChar.pdf |access-date=March 9, 2023}}</ref>
* [[IBM 1052]] printer/keyboard
* [[IBM 1403]] printer
* [[IBM 2540]] card read/punch
* Three [[IBM 2311]] disk storage units, 7.5&nbsp;MB each, 22.5&nbsp;MB total
* [[IBM 2400]] [[magnetic tape data storage]] unit
* [[IBM 270x]] Transmission Control unit

==Installation==
Disks to be used by CP have to be formatted by a [[standalone program|standalone utility]] called ''FORMAT'', loaded from tape or [[punched cards]]. CP disks are formatted with fixed-length 829&nbsp;byte records. 

Following formatting, a second stand-alone utility, ''DIRECT'', partitions the disk space between permanent (system and user files) and temporary (paging and spooling) space. DIRECT also creates the user directory identifying the virtual machines (users) available in the system. For each user the directory contains identifying information, id and password, and lists the resources (core, devices, etc) that this user can access, Although a user may be allowed access to physical devices it is more common to specify virtual devices, such as a [[spooling|spooled]] card reader, card punch, and printer. A user can be allocated one or more virtual disk units, [[Minidisk (VM)|"mini disks"]] [sic.], which resemble a real disk of the same device type, except that they occupy a subset of the space on the real device.<ref name=UG />{{rp|p.37}}

==Family tree==
{{FamilyTree CP/CMS}}

==See also==
* [[History of CP/CMS]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{IBM operating systems}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:CP-67}}
[[Category:Virtualization software]]
[[Category:IBM mainframe operating systems]]
[[Category:History of software]]
[[Category:VM (operating system)]]