View source for Calatayud

{{for-multi|the Calatayud comarca|Comunidad de Calatayud|the Calatayud wine region|Calatayud (DO)|the surname|Calatayud (surname)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Calatayud 
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| official_name           = <!-- if different from name -->
| native_name             = <!-- if different from name -->
| image_skyline           = Vista de Calatayud desde la iglesia de La Peña, España, 2012-08-24, DD 01.JPG
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           =
| image_flag              = Calatayud Spain.svg
| image_shield            = Calatayud escudo.png
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Calatayud in Aragon.png
| map_caption             = Location in Aragon
| pushpin_map             = Spain Aragon#Spain
| pushpin_label_position  =
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Spain
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = {{ESP}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_name1    = {{flag|Aragon}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Zaragoza (province)|Zaragoza]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Comarcas of Spain|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Comunidad de Calatayud]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Judicial districts of Spain|Judicial district]]
| subdivision_name4       = Calatayud 
| seat_type               = <!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] -->
| seat                    =
| coordinates             = {{coord|41|21|0|N|1|38|0|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| elevation_m             = 536
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 154 
| established_title       = <!-- Founded -->
| established_date        = 
| population_as_of        = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total        = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_demonym      = Bilbilitano, na 
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Languages of Spain|Official language(s)]]
| blank_info_sec1         =
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 50300  
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]]
| area_code               =
| leader_title            = [[Alcalde]]
| leader_name             = José Manuel Aranda 
| leader_party            = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
| website                 = {{official website|http://www.calatayud.es/}}
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Calatayud''' ({{IPA|es|kalataˈʝuð}}; [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]]: ''Calatayú''; 2014 pop. 20,658) is a [[Municipalities of Spain|municipality]] in the [[Province of Zaragoza]], within [[Aragón]], Spain, lying on the river [[Jalón (river)|Jalón]], in the midst of the [[Sistema Ibérico]] mountain range. It is the second-largest town in the province after the capital, [[Zaragoza]], and the largest town in Aragón other than the three provincial capitals.  It is the seat of the [[Comarcas of Spain|comarca]] of [[Comunidad de Calatayud|Calatayud]]. Its population has been declining during the last decade due to migration.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ine.es/GSTConsul/infDatosSeriesAction.do?codigo=DPOP23803&L=0
|title=Instituto nacional de estadística. (National statistics institute)
|publisher=www.ine.es
|access-date=2009-05-31
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604013200/http://www.ine.es/GSTConsul/infDatosSeriesAction.do?codigo=DPOP23803&L=0
|archive-date=2011-06-04
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

The town [[motto]] is ''Muy noble, leal, siempre augusta y fidelísima ciudad de Calatayud'' ("The very noble, loyal, always august and most faithful town of Calatayud").<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.gozazaragoza.com/documentos/goza-zaragoza-programa-fiestas-calatayud.pdf
|title=goza-zaragoza-programa-fiestas-calatayud.pdf (application/pdf Object)
|publisher=Ayuntamiento de Calatayud
|page=14
|access-date=2009-05-31
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711120446/http://www.gozazaragoza.com/documentos/goza-zaragoza-programa-fiestas-calatayud.pdf
|archive-date=2011-07-11
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The first democratic elections after [[Francoist Spain|Francisco Franco's regime]] were called for 15 June 1977. In Calatayud they were held one day earlier than all the rest of [[Spain]], in order to prepare for a visit there by [[King Juan Carlos I]].

==Highways and railways==
The town is located by the [[Carretera Nacional N-II]] highway, the [[Autovía A-2]] and the [[N-234 road (Spain)|N-234]], among other local roads.

The [[AVE]] [[Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line]],<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.calatayud.es/ave/ave.asp
|title=AVE
|publisher=Ayuntamiento de Calatayud
|access-date=2009-05-31
}}
</ref> as well as the [[Renfe]] line from [[Madrid]] to [[Barcelona]] stop in Calatayud.

==History==
{{further|History of the Jews in Calatayud}}

The city was founded on the site of a [[Celt-Iberian]] settlement<ref>{{Cite web
 |url= http://www.calatayud.es/turismo/presentacion.asp
 |title=Calatayud: Ciudad de Encuentros |language=es
 |work=Ayuntamiento de Calatayud
 |access-date=30 September 2010
}}</ref> by the Romans with the name ''[[Augusta Bilbilis]]'' and was the birthplace of the poet [[Martial]] in 40 CE.<ref>
{{cite journal |last=Boehrer |first=Bruce |date=2017 |title=Martial |journal=Ben Jonson Journal |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=259–262 |doi=10.3366/bjj.2007.14.2.259}}
</ref> The site of the ruins of Augusta Bilbilis are approximately four kilometers to the north of the modern city of Calatayud.<ref name=cai-calatayud>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.caiaragon.com/en/municipios/index.asp?idloc=16&tipo=1
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119002220/http://www.caiaragon.com/en/municipios/index.asp?idloc=16&tipo=1
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=January 19, 2013
|title=Comunidad de Calatayud
|publisher=CAI Tourism of Aragon
|access-date=2009-05-31
}}
</ref> The modern town was founded by the [[Moors]] around the Ayyub castle, circa 716 CE.<ref>
{{cite journal
|title= Evaporite Dissolution Subsidence in the Historical City of Calatayud, Spain: Damage Appraisal and Prevention
|year=2002
|doi=10.1023/A:1014807901461
|last1=Gutiérrez
|first1=Francisco
|last2=Cooper
|first2=Anthony H.
|journal=Natural Hazards
|volume=25
|issue=3
|pages=259–288
|s2cid=128832226
}}
</ref>
[[Image:Colegiata de Santa María, Calatayud, España, 2012-08-31, DD 01.JPG|left|thumb|The [[Mudéjar art|mudéjar-gothic]] [[Colegiata de Santa Maria la Mayor, Calatayud|Colegiata de Santa Maria la Mayor]]]]

The name Calatayud came from the [[Arabic]] {{lang|ar|قلعة أيوب}} ''{{Transliteration|ar|Qal‘at ’Ayyūb}}'', "the [[qalat (fortress)]] of [[Ayyub ibn Habib al-Lakhmi|Ayyub]]". The ancient inhabitants of Bilbilis moved to the new site. Occupying a strategic placement between the central [[Meseta Central|meseta]] of Spain and the [[Ebro]] valley, the city retained its importance in succeeding centuries.  By the eleventh century a substantial [[Jewish community of Calatayud|Jewish community]] was present, surviving the [[reconquista]] until the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492. Judaica texts from this era refer to Calatayud as {{Script/Hebrew| קלע איוב, קלעה  איוב}}, or {{Script/Hebrew|קלעיה איוב}} (Qalʿah [[Job (biblical figure)|Ayuv]], Qalʿ Ayuv, Qalʿiya Ayuv).<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0004_0_03843.html
|title=Calatayud
|publisher=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
|access-date=2009-01-28
}}
</ref> The city was conquered from the Muslims by [[Alfonso I of Aragón]] in 1119. Many surviving examples of [[mudéjar]] church architecture show that the Moorish influence lived on.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.arteguias.com/calatayud.htm
|title=Mudéjar Calatayud (ARTEGUIAS)
|publisher=www.arteguias.com
|access-date=2009-01-28
}}
</ref>

During the [[Peninsular War]]s a notable siege of French-occupied Calatayud led to its capture by [[guerillas]] in 1811.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}} The city was the capital of [[Province of Calatayud|its own province]]<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.ih.csic.es/paginas/jrug/leyes/18220127.doc División provisional del territorio español de 27 de Enero de 1822] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214022744/http://www.ih.csic.es/paginas/jrug/leyes/18220127.doc |date=2009-12-14 }}, the text of the proposed 1822 territorial division of Spain, Instituto de Historia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC, [[Spanish National Research Council]]). Accessed online 2010-01-03.</ref> in 1822–23, during the ''[[Trienio Liberal]]''. 
[[File:20080817-Calatayud Castillo.jpg|thumb|220px|right|The Castle of Calatayud]]

The town suffers from [[sinkhole]]s.

==Main sights==
{{expand section|date=June 2010}}
* One of the most notable [[Mudéjar]] towers of Aragón is the 15th-century bell tower of the [[Colegiata de Santa Maria la Mayor, Calatayud|collegiate church of Santa María]], which was built on the site of a mosque.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001264/126491e.pdf
|title=126491e.pdf (application/pdf Object)
|publisher=unesdoc.unesco.org
|access-date=2009-05-31
}}
</ref> A Renaissance doorway was added in 1528.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Calatayúd|volume=4|page=968}}</ref>
* Santo Sepulcro, built in 1141, and restored in 1613, was long the principal church of the Spanish [[Knights Templar]].<ref name="EB1911"/>
* This qalʿat is the biggest and oldest one on the Iberian peninsula.
* The church of "San Pedro" was founded by [[Ferdinand II of Aragón]] and it was there that the first ''cortes'' (parliament) of Aragon was held in 1411.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.caiaragon.com/en/actividades/index.asp?idAct=29&idSeccion=6&idTipo=77&idloc=639
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040525042720/http://www.caiaragon.com/en/actividades/index.asp?idAct=29&idSeccion=6&idTipo=77&idloc=639
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=May 25, 2004
|title=Church of San Pedro de los Francos of Calatayud
|publisher=CAI Tourism of Aragon
|access-date=2009-05-31
}}
</ref>

==Economy==
The majority of employment is in the service sector and in agriculture. Agriculture consists primarily of apple and pear orchards,<ref>{{Cite web|title=fruta de la fértil huerta bilbilitana|url=https://www.calatayud.es/turismo/gastronomia/fruta-de-la-fertil-huerta-bilbilitana|access-date=2021-11-29|website=www.calatayud.es}}</ref> although there are also some [[Calatayud (DO)|vineyards in the area]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=DO Calatayud - Information|url=https://www.docalatayud.com/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118094908/http://www.docalatayud.com:80/ |archive-date=2007-01-18 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Calatayud - DO|url=https://www.iberowine.com/wines/calatayud|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815045752/https://www.iberowine.com/wines/calatayud |archive-date=2020-08-15 }}</ref> Industry is much less developed, although there are two industrial estates (La Charluca and Mediavega) and the creation of a third is being studied.

==Quarters and villages==
*Quarters: [[Huérmeda]], [[Torres, Calatayud|Torres]] and [[Embid de la Ribera]]
*Villages: [[Campiel]], [[Carramolina]], [[Marivella]], [[Ribota, Calatayud|Ribota]], [[San Ramón, Calatayud|San Ramón]] and [[Terrer, Calatayud|Terrer]]

==Fiestas==
* [[Easter]]
* Pilgrimage (romeria) in honour of el [[Cristo de Ribota]], May 1
* [[Saint Íñigo|Saint Íñigo's Day]], June 1
* [[Saint Roch|Saint Roch's Day]], August 14–16
* Virgen de la Peña, September 8–12

==Climate==
Calatayud has a [[semi-arid climate|cold semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''BSk'') with cool to mild winters and hot summers. Precipitation is irregular throughout the year, with spring being the wettest season and winter the driest, although August is the driest month. These precipitation patterns are typical of the semi-arid regions of [[Aragon]]. Due to its higher altitude compared to the [[Ebro|Ebro Valley]], the average annual temperature is lower, with colder winters and more pleasant summers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos|title=Valores Climatologicos normales|publisher=AEMET|access-date=15 December 2024}}</ref>

{{Weather box|location = Calatayud (1993–2020), extremes (1993-present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 20.6
|Feb record high C = 24.7
|Mar record high C = 29.0
|Apr record high C = 34.0
|May record high C = 37.5
|Jun record high C = 43.0
|Jul record high C = 41.5
|Aug record high C = 42.0
|Sep record high C = 37.7
|Oct record high C = 34.5
|Nov record high C = 24.6
|Dec record high C = 21.6
|year record high C = 
|Jan high C = 11.0
|Feb high C = 13.4
|Mar high C = 16.6
|Apr high C = 18.9
|May high C = 23.0
|Jun high C = 28.6
|Jul high C = 31.9
|Aug high C = 31.1
|Sep high C = 26.6
|Oct high C = 21.4
|Nov high C = 14.6
|Dec high C = 10.9
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 5.9
|Feb mean C = 7.4
|Mar mean C = 10.0
|Apr mean C = 12.4
|May mean C = 16.3
|Jun mean C = 21.2
|Jul mean C = 24.2
|Aug mean C = 23.4
|Sep mean C = 19.3
|Oct mean C = 14.9
|Nov mean C = 9.5
|Dec mean C = 6.1
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 0.9
|Feb low C = 1.4
|Mar low C = 3.4
|Apr low C = 5.9
|May low C = 9.6
|Jun low C = 13.8
|Jul low C = 16.4
|Aug low C = 15.6
|Sep low C = 11.9
|Oct low C = 8.3
|Nov low C = 4.3
|Dec low C = 1.2
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = -15.4
|Feb record low C = -9.1
|Mar record low C = -9.8
|Apr record low C = -4.9
|May record low C = -1.7
|Jun record low C = 4.8
|Jul record low C = 7.0
|Aug record low C = 6.9
|Sep record low C = 1.4
|Oct record low C = -1.3
|Nov record low C = -8.2
|Dec record low C = -14.7
|year record low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 17.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 18.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 24.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 44.3
|May precipitation mm = 49.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 33.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 21.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 14.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 23.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 34.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 33.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 18.3
|year precipitation mm = 
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia]]<ref>{{cite web |url =https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData |title=AEMET OpenData|publisher=Aemet.es|access-date = 4 December 2024}}</ref>
}}

==Traditions==
[[File:Iglesia de San Pedro de los Francos, Calatayud, España, 2014-12-29, DD 051-055 HDR.JPG|thumbnail|left|Church of San Pedro de los Francos, Calatayud.]]
There is a popular Spanish song that says (translated) "If you go to Calatayud / ask for Dolores (a popular female name) / she is a very nice girl / fond of granting favours" that captures the (traditional) fame of girls in Calatayud. Given that reputation, traditionally boys went to the town in order to "ask for Dolores" to be "favoured" by local girls. Nowadays this tradition has dismissed although in festivities, boys from the surroundings, even from [[Zaragoza]], visit the town with that aim.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}

==Sister cities==
Calatayud has four sister cities:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Calatayud,%20Spain |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206105420/http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Calatayud,%20Spain |archive-date=2017-02-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Dueville]], [[Veneto]] {{ITA}}
* [[Gáldar]], [[Gran Canaria]] {{ESP}}
* [[Glen Ellyn]], [[Illinois]] {{USA}}
* [[Auch]], [[Gascony]] {{FRA}}

==See also==
* [[List of municipalities in Zaragoza]]
* [[Calatayud (DO)]]
* [[Mudéjar]]
*[[Comunidad de Calatayud]]
*[[Glen Ellyn]] (sister city)
*[[Santuario de la Virgen de la Peña, Calatayud]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}
*[http://www.calatayud.es City website]
*[http://www.docalatayud.com Local wines]

{{Municipalities in Zaragoza}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Calatayud| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities in the Province of Zaragoza]]
[[Category:Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Zaragoza]]