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{{short description|Natural history museum in San Francisco, United States}}
{{Distinguish|California Science Center|California Institute of Science}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox museum
| name            = California Academy of Sciences
| logo            = California Academy of Sciences Logo.png
| image           = California-06239 - California Academy of Sciences (20449900470).jpg
| image_upright   = 1.0
| coordinates     = {{coord|37.7701|-122.4664|display=inline, title}}
| former_name     = 
| established     = {{start date|1853}}
| location        = [[Golden Gate Park]]<br />[[San Francisco]], [[California]], United States
| type            = [[Natural history]]
| visitors        = 1.34 million (2016)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/subscriber-only/2017/08/25/sfmoma-california-academy-of-sciences.html |title=Largest Bay Area Museums |publisher=San Francisco Business Times |date=25 August 2017 |access-date=23 March 2018 |archive-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320080957/https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/subscriber-only/2017/08/25/sfmoma-california-academy-of-sciences.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| director        = [[Scott D. Sampson]] (2020)<ref name=":0"/>
| curator         = 
| accreditation   = [[American Alliance of Museums|AAM]]<br>[[Association of Science-Technology Centers|ASTC]]
| employees       = 504 (May 2020)<ref name=":0"/>
| publictransit   = {{Unbulleted list
   | {{rint|tram|1}} {{rail-interchange|sanfrancisco|metro}} [[Irving and 8th Avenue / 9th Avenue and Irving stations|9th and Irving]] {{rint|sanfrancisco|N}} 
  | {{bus icon}} '''[[San Francisco Municipal Railway|Bus]]''':  {{Muni route|44}}, {{Muni route|5}}, {{Muni route|7}}
   }}
| architect       = [[Renzo Piano]]
| website         = {{URL|https://www.calacademy.org|calacademy.org}}
}}

The '''California Academy of Sciences''' is a research institute and [[natural history museum]] in [[San Francisco|San Francisco, California]], that is among the largest [[List of natural history museums|museums of natural history]] in the world, housing over 46 million specimens.<ref name="AcademyAbout"/> The academy began in 1853 as a learned society and still carries out a large amount of original research.<ref name="AcademyHistory"/> The institution is located in Golden Gate Park on the [[West Side (San Francisco)|West Side]] of San Francisco.

Completely rebuilt in 2008, the academy's primary building in Golden Gate Park covers {{convert|400000|ft2|m2}}.<ref name="AcademyAbout"/><ref name=Wollan2008/> In early 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the California Academy of Sciences had around 500 employees and an annual revenue of about $33 million.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=California Academy of Sciences announces layoffs, furloughs, pay cuts affecting hundreds|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/California-Academy-of-Sciences-announces-layoffs-15298012.php|last=DiFeliciantonio|first=Chase|date=2020-05-27|website=SFChronicle.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529043556/https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/California-Academy-of-Sciences-announces-layoffs-15298012.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Governance==
The California Academy of Sciences, California's oldest operating museum and research institution for the natural sciences, is governed by a 41-member board of trustees<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.calacademy.org/leadership |title=Board of Trustees |access-date=2015-04-23 |archive-date=2017-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727090442/http://calacademy.org/leadership |url-status=live }}</ref> who are nominated and chosen by the [[California Academy of Sciences Fellows]]. The Academy Fellows<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/docs/pdf/fellows_fy2015.pdf |title=The Academy Fellows |access-date=2015-04-23 |archive-date=2017-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923051137/https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/docs/pdf/fellows_fy2015.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> are in turn, "[n]ominated by their colleagues and appointed by the Board of Trustees...the Fellows remain members of the Fellowship for life."<ref>[http://www.calacademy.org/scientists/academy-fellows Fellows of the California Academy of Sciences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705164158/http://www.calacademy.org/scientists/academy-fellows |date=2017-07-05 }}.</ref> The board of trustees is then responsible for appointing the executive management of the academy,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.calacademy.org/leadership |title=Academy Leadership |access-date=2015-04-23 |archive-date=2017-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727090442/http://calacademy.org/leadership |url-status=live }}</ref> who in turn are responsible for overseeing the academy's overall operation and the hiring of its other managers and employees.

===Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability (IBSS)===
Besides its function as a source of public science education through its museum, the California Academy of Sciences also operates the Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability (IBSS)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.calacademy.org/scientists |title=Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability |access-date=2015-04-23 |archive-date=2017-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712003141/http://calacademy.org/scientists |url-status=live }}</ref> as its research arm, conducting research in the fields of taxonomy, phylogenetics, and biodiversity studies. Although one aspect of the IBSS is available for viewing by museum patrons at the science "project lab" exhibit, most of the research happens in laboratories and facilities, "behind the scenes", and not observable by the public.  In fact, unbeknownst to most patrons, research and administrative facilities occupy nearly 50% of the Academy's physical structure.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}

==Exhibits==
[[File:California Academy of Sciences Indoor Rainforest.jpg|thumb|The {{convert|90|ft|adj=on}} diameter spherical glass dome enclosing the rainforest exhibit]]
[[File:California Academy of Sciences rainforest scene.jpg|thumb|upright|View of the [[Várzea forest|Amazonian flooded forest]] in the rainforest exhibit. [[Arapaima]], [[arowana]], [[catfish]], [[pacus]], [[cichlid]]s and other fish species can be seen from a submerged [[acrylic tunnel]].<ref name="Species_list2010">{{cite web | title = Rainforest of the World Species List | publisher = California Academy of Sciences | date = 2010 | url = https://steinhartaquarium.org/academy/exhibits/aquarium/pdfs/specieslist_rainforestoftheworldgallery_2010.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115837/https://steinhartaquarium.org/academy/exhibits/aquarium/pdfs/specieslist_rainforestoftheworldgallery_2010.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | access-date = 2014-02-21 }}</ref>]] 
The main thrust of the exhibits is natural history. The venues of the museum include the following:<ref name="AcademyExhibits"/>
*'''Kimball Natural History Museum''' – generally encompasses the entire museum outside the planetarium, rainforest, and aquarium, and includes Africa Hall (the Academy's oldest running exhibit), the East Wing (includes a [[Foucault pendulum]], also a carry-over exhibit from the older, pre-2008 renovation of the Academy), the West Wing (which {{as of|2020|lc=y}} housed several geophysical exhibits), as well as several smaller exhibits distributed throughout the remainder of the Academy building.
*'''Morrison Planetarium''' – features a digitally controlled [[planetarium]] dome measuring {{convert|90|ft|m}} in diameter with a {{convert|75|ft|m}} diameter screen.
*'''Rainforests of the World''' – [[Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|rainforest]] exhibit enclosed in a {{convert|90|ft|m|adj=on}} glass dome.
*'''Steinhart Aquarium''' – includes exhibits of coral reefs, tide pools, and swamp habitats.
[[File:Albino Alligator 2008.jpg|A rare [[Albinism in biology|albino]] [[American alligator]] named [[Claude (alligator)|Claude]]|thumb]]
[[File:Lemondrop, an albino reticulated python.jpg|thumb|An [[Albinism|albino]] [[Python reticulatus|reticulated python]] named Lemondrop]]
[[File:CAS Steinhart Aquarium small coral tank.jpg|thumb|One of the smaller coral exhibits in the aquarium]]
*'''Penguin Habitat''' – features a colony of [[African penguin]]s.

Besides its museum programs, the California Academy of Sciences offers many educational and community outreach programs<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.calacademy.org/educators |title=California Academy of Sciences community education programs |access-date=2015-04-23 |archive-date=2017-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705163935/http://calacademy.org/educators |url-status=live }}</ref> to members of the public at large.

==Research==
Academy scientists, under the Academy's Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability,<ref name=ResearchHome>{{cite web|title=Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability|url=http://research.calacademy.org/|publisher=California Academy of Sciences|access-date=30 December 2013|archive-date=5 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205100152/https://research.calacademy.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> conduct [[Systematics|systematic]] and [[conservation biology|conservation]] research in several different fields, including [[anthropology]], [[marine biology]], [[botany]], [[entomology]], [[herpetology]], [[ichthyology]], invertebrate [[zoology]], [[mammalogy]], [[ornithology]], [[geology]], and [[paleontology]].<ref name=AcademyAbout /> There also is a strong emphasis on environmental concerns, with all the various departments collaborating closely to focus on systematic [[biology]] and [[biodiversity]].<ref name=ResearchHome/> Academy researchers study life around the world: a 2011 expedition to the [[Philippines]] discovered an estimated 300 species new to science.<ref>{{cite web|last=Olney|first=Jennifer|title=Academy researchers make underwater discoveries|url=https://abc7news.com/archive/8210371/|work=KGO-TV|access-date=30 December 2013|date=June 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000232/http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news%2Fassignment_7&id=8210371|archive-date=31 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The Academy publishes the peer-reviewed journal ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences'', as well as ''Occasional Papers'', ''Memoirs'', and ''Special Publications''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scientific Publications|url=http://research.calacademy.org/scipubs|publisher=California Academy of Sciences|access-date=30 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145556/http://research.calacademy.org/scipubs|archive-date=15 October 2013}}</ref>

==History==
{{More citations needed section|date=May 2012}}

===Early years===
The ''California Academy of Natural Sciences'' was founded in 1853, only three years after California joined the United States, becoming the first society of its kind in the [[Western United States|Western US]]. Its stated aim was to undertake "a thorough systematic survey of every portion of the State and the collection of a cabinet of her rare and rich productions."{{citation needed|date=May 2013|reason=Unsourced quotation.}} It was renamed as the more inclusive ''California Academy of Sciences'' in 1868.

The academy had a forward-thinking view towards women in science, passing a resolution in its first year that the members "highly approve of the aid of females in every department of natural science, and invite their cooperation."{{citation needed|date=May 2012|reason=Unsourced quotation.}} This policy led to several women being hired into professional positions as [[botany|botanists]], [[entomology|entomologists]], and other occupations during the 19th century, when opportunities for women in the sciences were limited, and often, those that existed were restricted to menial cataloging and calculation work.  In 1892, [[Alice Eastwood]], a [[botanist]], was hired by the academy and worked there until she retired in 1949. She created the collection of rare plants, which was saved when the academy was destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake<ref name=bernstein1996>{{Cite book|title=Multicultural women of science: three centuries of contributions: with hands-on activities and exercises for the school year|last1=Bernstein|first1=Leonard|last2=Winkler|first2=Alan|last3=Zierdt-Warshaw|first3=Linda|date=1996-01-01|publisher=Peoples Pub. Group|isbn=1562567020|location=Maywood, NJ.|language=en|oclc = 34735963}}</ref>

The academy's first official museum opened in 1874 at the corner of California and Dupont Streets (now Grant Avenue) in what is now [[Chinatown, San Francisco|Chinatown]], and drew up to 80,000 visitors a year.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} To accommodate its increasing popularity, the academy moved to a new and larger building on Market Street in 1891, funded by the legacy of [[James Lick]], a 19th-century San Francisco real estate mogul, [[entrepreneur]], and [[philanthropist]].{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

However, only fifteen years later, the Market Street facility fell victim to the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]] and three days of fire, which also wiped out all but a wheelbarrow full of the academy's library and specimen collections.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} In the widespread destruction occurring in the aftermath of the quake, academy curators and staffers only were able to retrieve a single cart of materials, including academy minute books, membership records, and 2,000 [[type specimen]]s.{{citation needed|date=May 2013|reason=Unsourced. Previous source here not reliable.}} The 1905–1906 scientific collecting expedition to the [[Galápagos Islands]] (the first of several sponsored by the academy to the archipelago) already was underway, and it returned seven months later, providing replacement collections for those lost.<ref name=James2010/><ref>{{cite web|last=James|first=Matthew J.|title=The boat, the bay, and the museum|url=https://www.sonoma.edu/geology/docs/JAMES_BoatBayMuseum.pdf|publisher=Routledge, London|access-date=March 30, 2014|archive-date=March 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330221541/https://www.sonoma.edu/geology/docs/JAMES_BoatBayMuseum.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Golden Gate Park site===
In 1916, the Academy moved to the North American Hall of Birds and Mammals in [[Golden Gate Park]], the first building on the site that was to become its permanent home.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013|reason=Source date, building name, reason for moving}} In 1923, the Steinhart Aquarium was added, followed in 1934 by the Simson African Hall.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013|reason=Source dates}}

During [[World War II]], the Academy contributed to the American war effort by using its workshop facilities to repair optical and navigational equipment for [[United States Navy]] ships; San Francisco was a major port for the [[Pacific War]] arena.

The post-war years saw a flurry of new construction on the site; the Science Hall was added in 1951, followed by the Morrison Planetarium in 1952. The Morrison Planetarium was the seventh major [[planetarium]] to open in the United States and featured a one-of-a-kind [[Planetarium projector|star projector]], built by Academy staff members (in part using the expertise gained doing the optical work for the US Navy during World War II). The Academy Projector projected irregularly shaped stars, rather than the circular stars projected by many optical star projectors. The irregular shapes were created by placing variously sized grains of [[silicon carbide]] onto the glass star plates by hand, then [[Thin-film deposition|aluminizing]] the plates, and brushing away the silicon carbide grains.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

In 1959, the Malliard Library, Eastwood Hall of Botany, and Livermore Room all were added. Throughout the 1960s, universities concentrating on the new field of [[molecular biology]] divested themselves of their traditional specimen collections, entrusting them to the academy and leading to a rapid growth of the Academy's holdings.

In 1969, another new building, Cowell Hall, was added to the site. In 1976, several new galleries were opened, and the following year, in 1977, the "fish roundabout" was constructed.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

Before the old building being torn down in 2005, there was a ''Life through Time'' gallery, housing a large display on [[evolution]] and [[paleontology]]. There was a Gem and Mineral Hall, a section on Earthquakes, and a [[Gary Larson]] exhibit.

===Earthquake damage and new building===
[[File:California Academy of Sciences2003.JPG|thumb|Academy of Sciences in 2003, two years before reconstruction began]]
The academy buildings were damaged significantly in the [[1989 Loma Prieta earthquake]]. Subsequently, the Bird Hall building was closed to ensure public safety. The [[Earthquake engineering|inadequately engineered]] Steinhart Aquarium suffered dramatic seismic damage from the 1989 earthquake, as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wisegeek.net/what-is-the-california-academy-of-sciences.htm |title=What is the California Academy of Sciences? |publisher=Wisegeek.net |date=2013-10-29 |access-date=2013-11-06 |archive-date=2018-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106145046/http://www.wisegeek.net/what-is-the-california-academy-of-sciences.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

As plans were made to repair the damage and make the [[building]]s seismically stable, it was realized that a considerable amount of work would be needed to bring the buildings [[Seismic retrofit|up to modern standards]]. This led to the idea of giving the academy a complete overhaul, thus motivating the closing of the main site.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

Construction began on the new $500 million building on September 12, 2005, while the exhibits were moved to 875 [[Howard Street (San Francisco)|Howard Street]] for a temporary museum.<ref name=ArchNewsNow>{{cite web|title=A Bridge Between: California Academy of Sciences and Steinhart Aquarium Transition Facility by Melander Architects|url=http://www.archnewsnow.com/features/Feature245.htm|website=ArchNewsNow|access-date=17 December 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191305/http://www.archnewsnow.com/features/Feature245.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The academy reopened with a free day on September 27, 2008. For most of the day, the line for admittance was over a mile (nearly two kilometers) long, and although over 15,000 people were admitted, several thousands more had to be turned away.<ref name="SfGateOpening"/>

In May 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in California|COVID-19 pandemic]], the Academy announced that it would lay off 105 of its then 504 employees, furlough 96 others, and enact pay cuts among part of the rest.<ref name=":0" /> Due to the COVID-19 lockdown's effect on ticket sales, the organization was expecting its revenue to decrease by around $12 million (36%) in the next fiscal year.<ref name=":0" />

==Environmental design of new building==
[[File:Piazza behind the Main Entrance of the California Academy of Sciences.jpg|thumb|The piazza behind the main entrance is flooded with natural light]]

The design [[architect]] for the museum replacement project was [[Renzo Piano]]. His design was awarded the Urban Land Institute (ULI) Award for Excellence for the Americas region in 2008,<ref name="ULIaward"/> as well as the [[Holcim Awards for Sustainable Construction|Holcim Award]] Silver for sustainable construction projects in the North America region in 2005.<ref name="Globe2005"/>  One critic praised the building as a "blazingly uncynical embrace of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] values of truth and reason", and a "comforting reminder of the civilizing function of great art in a barbaric age".<ref name=NYT2008/>

The new building emphasizes [[environmentally friendly]] design, in keeping with the academy's focus on ecological concerns and environmental sustainability. It received [[Leed Gold|Platinum]] certification under the [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] program.<ref name="LEEDS"/> This project was featured on the [[Discovery Channel]] ''[[Extreme Engineering]]'' series in 2006,<ref name="DiscoveryEpisode"/> the [[National Geographic Channel]] ''Man-Made'' series in July 2008,<ref name="NGCepisode"/> and [[Smithsonian Channel]]'s ''How Do They Build That?'' in August 2022.

The new building includes an array of environmentally friendly features:<ref name="CaliMag"/><ref name="Chino2008"/>
*Produces 50 percent less waste water than previously
*Recycles rainwater for irrigation
*Uses 60,000 [[photovoltaic cell]]s
*Supports a [[green roof]] with an area of {{convert|2.5|acre|ha|lk=on|abbr=off}}
*Uses natural lighting in 90 percent of occupied spaces
*Was constructed of over {{convert|20000|cuyd|m3}} of recycled [[concrete]]
*Construction includes 11 million [[pound (mass)|pounds]] (5,000 t) of recycled [[steel]]
*Wall insulation made from [[scrap]]s of recycled [[denim]]

===Green roof===
[[File:Living roof at the California Academy of Sciences.jpg|thumb|A detail of the green, living roof, in 2009]]
The California Academy of Sciences green roof has several environmentally friendly features and a [[sustainable design]]. Renzo Piano was inspired by seven major hills of San Francisco, which typically refers to: [[Telegraph Hill, San Francisco|Telegraph Hill]], [[Nob Hill]], [[Russian Hill]], [[Rincon Hill]], [[Mount Sutro]], [[Twin Peaks (San Francisco)|Twin Peaks]] and [[Mount Davidson (California)|Mount Davidson]]. The living green roof was planted with 1.7 million [[California native plants]]. The museum's central piazza lies beneath a massive glass ceiling on the roof, which opens to allow cool night air to flow into the building below; by using this kind of [[natural ventilation]] instead of air conditioning to regulate interior temperature, the building becomes more energy efficient. Renzo Piano and SWA Group won the [[American Society of Landscape Architects]] (ASLA) Award in design in 2009.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

==Notable people==
Notable staff members of the academy include:
* [[Alice Eastwood]] (botanist), 1892–1949<ref name=bernstein1996/>
* [[Frank Talbot]] ([[ichthyologist]] and marine biologist), director, 1982–1989<ref>{{cite web  |title=Talbot, Frank Hamilton (1930-)| website=Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation |publisher=Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Transformative Innovation |date=20 June 2022 |url=https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P007015b.htm |access-date=13 November 2024| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110045202/https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P007015b.htm| archive-date=10 Nov 2024| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vale Professor Frank Talbot AM |website=The Australian Museum |date=16 October 2024 |url=https://australian.museum/blog/at-the-museum/vale-frank-talbot/ |access-date=13 November 2024}}</ref>

==Gallery==
{{wide image|California Academy of Sciences pano.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|California Academy of Sciences, viewed from the tower of the [[de Young Museum]]}}
{{wide image|Music Concourse from California Academy of Sciences roof Panorama.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Panoramic roof view across the Music Concourse to the de Young Museum is underscored by an array of solar cells}}

<gallery mode="packed">
File:CA Academy of Sciences sign.JPG|Main entry
File:The Academy of Sciences (5956930306).jpg|Entrance lobby lit from skylights
File:California Academy of Sciences 04.JPG|Skeleton of ''[[Tyrannosaurus rex]]''
File:CA Academy of Sciences Living Roof 1.JPG|Gardener reveals scale of the roof landscape
File:CAS Living Roof - Sarah Stierch 1.jpg|Native vegetation, during the dry season
File:The Academy of Sciences (5956927082).jpg|Roofscape resembles a hilly meadow
File:CAS-Front of California Academy Building.JPG|Overhead solar cells shade the entry facade
File:Solar Roof.JPG|Solar cells, viewed from outdoors visitor waiting area
File:Waiting to get into CAS 2009-04-14 5.JPG|Visitor line on a monthly free admission day
File:BulbCAS.JPG|Rainforests of the World enclosure
File:Rainforests of the World 201 2013-03-28.jpg|Interior of Rainforests of the World
File:CAS African Hall.JPG|African Hall
File:CAS-Display Area.JPG|Exhibits on climate change
File:CAS-Galapagos Tortoise.JPG|Exhibit about evolution
File:California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (2013) - 22.JPG|Nature resource center
File:California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (2013) - 32.JPG|Whale skeleton above large [[Raised-relief map|raised relief globe]]
File:Nature Hacking Playshop California Academy of Sciences San Francisco (2015-02-07 13.00.35 by Mitch Altman).jpg|Nature Hacking Playshop
File:Steinhart Aquarium 5 2013-03-27.jpg|Steinhart Aquarium
File:Philippine Coral Reef at the California Academy of Sciences.jpg|Philippine coral reef tank
File:CAS Steinhart Aquarium.jpg|Part of the Philippine coral reef
File:CAS Steinhart Aquarium giant clams (Tridacna spp.).jpg|[[Tridacna|Giant clams]] in reef shallows
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area}}
* [[49-Mile Scenic Drive]]
* [[Green museum]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<!-- Converted to LDR format using [[User:PleaseStand/References segregator]] -->
<ref name=AcademyHistory>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.calacademy.org/academy/about/timeline.php
 |title       = Academy History
 |website     = California Academy of Sciences
 |access-date  = May 6, 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130116103154/http://calacademy.org/academy/about/timeline.php
 |archive-date = January 16, 2013
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>
<ref name=AcademyAbout>{{cite web
 |url         = https://www.calacademy.org/scientists
 |title         = Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability Science
 |website         = California Academy of Sciences
 |access-date         = Mar 25, 2019
 |archive-date         = March 24, 2019
 |archive-url         = https://web.archive.org/web/20190324195729/https://www.calacademy.org/scientists
 |url-status         = live
 }}</ref>
<ref name=Wollan2008>{{cite news
 |last         = Wollan
 |first        = Maria
 |title        = Academy of Sciences reopens with green theme
 |date         = September 24, 2008
 |work         = [[NBC News]]
 |agency       = [[Associated Press]]
 |url          = http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26868606/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/academy-sciences-reopens-green-theme/
 |access-date  = May 6, 2013
 |archive-date = May 6, 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130506081941/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26868606/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/academy-sciences-reopens-green-theme/
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref>
<ref name=AcademyExhibits>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.calacademy.org/academy/exhibits/
 |title       = Exhibits
 |website     = California Academy of Sciences
 |access-date  = May 6, 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130403110214/http://www.calacademy.org/academy/exhibits/
 |archive-date = April 3, 2013
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>
<ref name=James2010>{{cite journal
 |last        = James
 |first       = Matthew J.
 |title       = Collecting Evolution: The Vindication of Charles Darwin by the 1905-06 Galapagos Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences
 |journal     = Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
 |date        = September 15, 2010
 |volume      = 61
 |issue       = Supplement II
 |pages       = 197–210
 |url         = http://research.calacademy.org/sites/research.calacademy.org/files/Departments/Darwin%20PCAS%20v61%28Sept%2910%20Suppl%20II%20JamesLR.pdf
 |access-date  = May 6, 2013
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140320023615/http://research.calacademy.org/sites/research.calacademy.org/files/Departments/Darwin%20PCAS%20v61%28Sept%2910%20Suppl%20II%20JamesLR.pdf
 |archive-date = March 20, 2014
}}</ref>
<ref name=SfGateOpening >{{Cite news
 |last         = Perlman
 |first        = David
 |title        = Mile-long line for Academy of Sciences opening
 |date         = September 28, 2008
 |work         = [[San Francisco Chronicle]]
 |url          = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/09/28/BAQH137DNA.DTL&feed=rss.news
 |access-date  = May 6, 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120619211125/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/09/28/BAQH137DNA.DTL&feed=rss.news
 |archive-date = June 19, 2012
 |url-status   = bot: unknown
}}</ref>
<ref name=ULIaward>{{cite web
 |last         = Lobo
 |first        = Daniel
 |title        = ULI awards for excellence: winners through the years
 |website      = Urban Land Institute
 |url          = http://www.uli.org/awards/uli-awards-for-excellence-winners-though-the-years/
 |access-date  = May 6, 2013
 |archive-date = April 1, 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130401072627/http://www.uli.org/awards/uli-awards-for-excellence-winners-though-the-years/
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>
<ref name=Globe2005>{{cite news
<!-- Unable to double check this source -->
 |last        = Rochon
 |first       = Lisa
 |title       = Quelle surprise! Uber-building shutout; A low-income housing project in Montreal has won a prestigious prize
 |work        = [[The Globe and Mail]]
 |location    = [[Toronto]]
 |date        = October 6, 2005
 |page        = R3
}}</ref>
<ref name=NYT2008>{{cite news
 | last       = Ouroussoff
 | first       = Nicolai
 | title       = A building that blooms and grows, balancing nature and civilization
 | work       = [[The New York Times]]
 | date       = September 23, 2008
 | url       = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/24/arts/design/24acad.html
 | access-date       = May 6, 2013
 | archive-date       = March 22, 2012
 | archive-url       = https://web.archive.org/web/20120322103029/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/24/arts/design/24acad.html
 | url-status       = live
 }}</ref>
<ref name=LEEDS>{{cite press release <!-- Needs alternate source -->
 |website        = California Academy of Sciences
 |title       = New California Academy of Sciences receives highest possible rating from U.S. Green Building Council: LEED Platinum
 |url         = http://www.calacademy.org/newsroom/releases/2008/leed_platinum.php
 |date        = October 8, 2008
 |access-date  = May 6, 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130116102014/http://www.calacademy.org/newsroom/releases/2008/leed_platinum.php
 |archive-date = January 16, 2013
}}</ref>
<ref name=DiscoveryEpisode>{{cite episode
 |title        = California Academy of Sciences
 |series       = [[Extreme Engineering]]
 |network      = [[Discovery Channel]]
 |airdate      = November 8, 2006
 |season       = 5
 |number       = 5
 |url          = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9jT_502gOU
 |access-date  = May 6, 2013
 |archive-date = April 18, 2016
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160418033203/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9jT_502gOU
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>
<ref name=NGCepisode>{{cite episode|title=Hi-Tech Museum |series=Man-Made |network=[[National Geographic Channel]] |airdate=July 17, 2008 |season=1 |number=11 |url=http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/man-made/3667/Overview |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725225807/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/man-made/3667/Overview |archive-date=July 25, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name=CaliMag>{{cite journal
 |last       = Simons
 |first      = Eric
 |title      = Concrete and strawberries
 |journal    = California Magazine
 |publisher  = University of California Alumni Association
 |pages      = 52–53
 |date       = September–October 2008
 |url        = http://alumni.berkeley.edu/news/california-magazine/septemberoctober-2008-sustainable-blueprint/concrete-and-strawberries
 |access-date = May 6, 2013
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120229041226/http://alumni.berkeley.edu/news/california-magazine/septemberoctober-2008-sustainable-blueprint/concrete-and-strawberries
 |archive-date=February 29, 2012 |url-status    = live
}}</ref>
<ref name=Chino2008>{{cite web
 |last       = Chino
 |first      = Mike
 |title      = The new green California Academy of Sciences unveiled!
 |url        = http://www.inhabitat.com/2008/09/22/california-academy-of-sciences-unveiled/
 |date       = September 22, 2008
 |website    = inhabit: design will save the world
 |access-date = May 6, 2013
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130402054332/http://inhabitat.com/california-academy-of-sciences-unveiled/
 |archive-date= April 2, 2013
}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
* [http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/05/renzo200805 "Natural Phenomenon"], by Matt Tyrnauer, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', May 2008
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160106190344/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/videos/cutting-edge-construction/ Cutting Edge Construction]—[[National Geographic Channel]]
* [http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/California/200809/simons.asp "Concrete and Strawberries"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914041330/http://alumni.berkeley.edu/california/200809/simons.asp |date=2008-09-14 }}, ''California'' magazine, September 2008
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081002093836/http://www.chdmag-digital.com/chdmag/200809/ "Beyond Green"], ''California Home + Design'', September 2008
* {{cite web 
 |title=A Look at the Cal Academy of Sciences of 1891–1906 
 |date=16 July 2009 
 |url=http://www.terrastories.com/bearings/cal-academy-sciences 
 |publisher=Bearings (blog)
 |access-date=2009-07-19
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|California Academy of Sciences}}
* {{official website|https://www.calacademy.org}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071230042659/http://www.calacademy.org/newacademy/news_press.php Calacademy.org: PDFs on national media reports of Academy's construction]
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/california-academy-of-sciences California Academy of Sciences at Google Cultural Institute]
* [http://www.asla.org/2009awards/111.html ASLA 2009 Design Award]

{{Golden Gate Park}}
{{Science museums in California}}
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{{San Francisco Attractions}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:California Academy Of Sciences}}
[[Category:California Academy of Sciences| ]]
[[Category:1853 establishments in California]]
[[Category:2000s architecture in the United States]]
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[[Category:Buildings and structures burned in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake]]
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[[Category:Expressionist architecture]]
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[[Category:Golden Gate Park]]
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[[Category:Museums in San Francisco]]
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[[Category:Planetaria in the United States]]
[[Category:Postmodern architecture in California]]
[[Category:Renzo Piano buildings]]
[[Category:Science and technology in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Science museums in California]]