View source for Camp Cropper

{{Short description|American facility in Baghdad, Iraq (2003–2011)}}
{{Update|inaccurate=yes|date=February 2012}}
{{Infobox military installation
| name = Camp Cropper
| ensign = [[File:Flag of the United States Army.svg|90px]]
| ensign_size = 
| native_name = 
| partof = <!-- for elements within a larger site -->
| location = [[Baghdad]], [[Baghdad Governorate]]
| nearest_town = <!-- used in military test site infobox -->
| country = Iraq
| image = 
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| image2 = <!--secondary image, major command emblems for airfields -->
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| coordinates = {{Coord|33|14|34|N|44|13|12|E|display=inline,title}}
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| pushpin_map_caption = Shown within Iraq
| pushpin_relief = 
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| pushpin_label = Camp Cropper
| pushpin_label_position = 
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| ownership = [[Ministry of Defence (Iraq)|Ministry of Defence]]
| operator = [[United States Army]]
| controlledby = <!-- such as RAF Bomber Command or the Eighth Air Force -->
| open_to_public = <!-- for out of use sites/sites with museums etc -->
| site_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| site_other = <!-- for other sorts of facilities – radar types etc -->  
| site_area = <!-- area of site m2, km2 square mile etc -->
| code = <!--facility/installation code, applies to US -->
| built = April {{Start date|2003}}
| used = 2003 – December {{End date|2011}}
| builder = 
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| height = <!-- height of tallest part, not above sea level -->
| length = <!-- for border fences or other DMZs -->
| fate = <!--changed from demolished parameter-->
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<!-- begin airfield information  -->
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}}

'''Camp Cropper''' was a holding facility for security detainees operated by the [[United States Army]] near [[Baghdad International Airport]] in [[Iraq]].  The facility was initially operated as a [[high-value detention site]] (HVD), but has since been expanded increasing its capacity from 163 to 2,000 detainees.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/saddam-iap.htm |title=Camp Cropper / High Value Detention (HVD) Site |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=2006-12-23}}</ref> Former Iraqi President [[Saddam Hussein]] was held there prior to his execution.<ref>{{cite news |author=Alex Massie |title=Nurse: Dictator spent captivity feeding birds |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/02/wiraq102.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104052515/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/02/wiraq102.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-01-04 |work=Telegraph |date=2007-03-01 |access-date=2007-04-09 |author-link= Alex Massie (Journalist)}}</ref> Hussein was held at a nearby location outside the Camp Cropper complex.  He was isolated from the former Ba'ath Party and subsequent [[High-value target|HVT]]’s held at the main Cropper facility.

==History==
Camp Cropper was established by the [[Headquarters and Headquarters Company]] (HHC) of the [[115th Military Police Battalion]] in April 2003. It is named for Staff Sgt. Kenneth Cropper, a member of the [[Maryland Army National Guard]] who died in March 2002 while supporting security operations at the Pentagon. The facility was originally established as a High Value Detainee (HVD) holding area.  Shortly after being established, its mission was expanded to also be a Corps Holding Area (CHA). Initially, the facility was meant to serve as "central booking" for the U.S. forces operating in Baghdad and central Iraq, though detainees from northern Iraq were brought there as well. After being processed at Camp Cropper detainees were supposed to be shipped to other detention facilities in Baghdad and throughout Iraq. However, in practice, this proved unworkable since most other prisons in Baghdad were badly damaged by looting after the fall of the [[Ba'ath Party|Baath]] regime.

Additional units to operate Camp Cropper include:

* 812th Military Police Company
U.S. Army Reserve from Orangeburg, New York to include backfill elements of 366th MP Company of [[Stillwater, Oklahoma]].
April-June 2003

* 443rd Military Police Company, U.S. Army Reserve from [[Owings Mills, Maryland]], April–December 2003 
* 186th Military Police Company, Iowa National Guard April 2003 and February 2008.
*79th Military Police Company (Combat Support), U.S. Army Reserve Rochester, MN, Summer/Fall 2003-April 2004

* 141st Military Intelligence Battalion (LING), Utah Army National Guard, Orem, Utah-  Command and Control (C2) for the Joint Intelligence Debriefing Center (JIDC),Task Force (TF) 134, November 2006 to October 2007.

* C & B Company, 2nd Battalion, [[103d Armored Regiment]], [[Pennsylvania Army National Guard]], as part of the 89th and later 42nd Military Police Brigade.

* 439th Military Police Detachment, U.S. Army Reserve from [[Omaha, Nebraska]].

* [[324th Military Police Battalion]], U.S. Army Reserve from [[Chambersburg, Pennsylvania]]<ref>{{cite web|title=324th Military Police Battalion Lineage and Honors|url= http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/mp/0324mpbn.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080619234353/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/mp/0324mpbn.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= June 19, 2008 |publisher=U.S. Army Center for Military History}}</ref>
[CSC 1-107th Cavalry] [[Ohio National Guard]], 2005  
* [[117th Military Police Battalion]], [[Tennessee Army National Guard]].
* [[192nd Military Police Battalion]], [[Connecticut Army National Guard]], as part of the [[89th Military Police Brigade]] from 2009 thru 2010

In August 2006, a [[combat support hospital]] was opened on Camp Cropper that would treat both coalition soldiers and detainees from Camp Cropper. The hospital was initially staffed by members of the [[21st Combat Support Hospital]] from [[Fort Hood, Texas]] who transferred to the new facility after the closure of the [[Abu Ghraib prison|Abu Ghraib]] detention facility.<ref>{{cite press release |title=New hospital to treat detainees, Soldiers, currently the hospital is operated by the 31st CSH from Fort Bliss, TX|publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2006-08-03 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1559&Itemid=109 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070926222829/http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1559&Itemid=109 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=September 26, 2007 |access-date=2006-12-23}}</ref> The 21st CSH was later replaced by the [[31st Combat Support Hospital]] from [[Fort Bliss, Texas]].

On March 15, 2007 military officials announced plans to once again expand Camp Bucca and Camp Cropper. Officials stated that this increase in capacity would be necessary to handle the detainees generated from the increased security operations in [[Baghdad]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Walter |last=Pincus |title=U.S. plans to expand detention centers |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/nationworld/sfl-airaqdetain15mar15,0,7242722.story?track=rss |newspaper=Washington Post |publisher=Sun-Sentinel |date=2007-03-15 |access-date=2007-03-15 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

In the summer of 2010 the Camp Cropper facility was turned over to the Iraqi government and renamed Karkh Prison.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Detainee Ops Chief Gives Karkh Prison Good Reviews|url=https://www.army.mil/article/56162/Detainee_ops_chief_gives_Karkh_prison_good_reviews/|publisher=U.S. Army Public Affairs}}</ref>

A portion of Camp Cropper was still in use by the U.S. Army until December 2011 through the [[40th Military Police Battalion]], [[15th Military Police Brigade]], the [[105th Military Police Battalion]], [[4th Infantry Division (United States)|3rd Brigade 4th Infantry Division]], Military Police Platoon, and [[108th Military Police Company]], [[16th Military Police Brigade]].

==Criticism==
On 2004-06-16, [[The Pentagon]] confirmed a report in ''[[The New York Times]]'' that former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] chief [[George Tenet]] had been allowed by former [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] [[Donald Rumsfeld]] to have an Iraqi prisoner secretly detained at Camp Cropper since November, but denied they were trying to hide the prisoner from the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Jamie |last=McIntyre |title=Pentagon: Iraqi held secretly at CIA request |url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/06/16/ghost.prisoner/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=2004-06-16 |access-date=2007-04-09 }}</ref> Rumsfeld later told reporters that the prisoner was treated humanely.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tom |last=Bowman |title=Rumsfeld admits telling military to hide detainee |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/iraq/bal-te.rumsfeld18jun18,0,4914397.story?coll=bal-iraq-utility |work=Baltimore Sun |date=2004-06-18 |access-date=2007-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043947/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/iraq/bal-te.rumsfeld18jun18%2C0%2C4914397.story?coll=bal-iraq-utility |archive-date=2007-09-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2003, the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] was given regular and open access to the facility and the detainees, the Red Cross documented severe living conditions, harsh treatment by guards, and poor medical care.

In October 2006, the International Committee of the Red Cross reported the wounding of one American soldier to date by detainees.  The attack was reported to have been under suspicious circumstances.

Since the closure of Abu Ghraib and the subsequent relocation to Camp Cropper, the now-larger prison has seen criticism for abuses of detainees<ref>{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Jehl |title=Earlier Jail Seen as Incubator for Abuses in Iraq |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/15/politics/15ABUS.html?ex=1399953600&en=d35ca7592586ee26&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND |work=The New York Times |date=2004-05-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= Michael |last=Moss |title=American Recalls Torment As a U.S. Detainee in Iraq |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/18/world/middleeast/18justice.html?_r=1&ref=todayspaper&pagewanted=print&oref=slogin |work=The New York Times |date=2006-12-18 |access-date=2006-12-18}}</ref> and a hotbed of insurgent recruitment.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ned |last=Parker |title=Iraqi insurgents recruit among U.S.-held detainees |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/front/la-fg-prisons8apr08,1,4397044.story?coll=la-headlines-frontpage |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110810224744/http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/front/la-fg-prisons8apr08,1,4397044.story?coll=la-headlines-frontpage |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-08-10 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=2007-04-08 |access-date=2007-04-09}}</ref> Between October and December 2006, the [[Multinational Force Iraq|MNF-I]] reported the deaths of three detainees at Camp Cropper. One from injuries inflicted by other detainees on October 29,<ref>{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2006-10-30 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6930&Itemid=21 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20061031220307/http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6930&Itemid=21 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=October 31, 2006 |access-date=2006-12-23}}</ref> two on November 30 and December 2 from natural causes.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2006-12-01 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7656&Itemid=21 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20061203025919/http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7656&Itemid=21 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=December 3, 2006 |access-date=2006-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2006-12-06 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7819&Itemid=21 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20061208003050/http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7819&Itemid=21 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=December 8, 2006 |access-date=2006-12-23}}</ref> Other detainees died on 2007-04-04,<ref>{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2007-04-06 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11170&Itemid=21 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070411001529/http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11170&Itemid=21 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 11, 2007 |access-date=2007-04-09}}</ref> 2007-05-26<ref>{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2007-05-28 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12059&Itemid=128 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070614151923/http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12059&Itemid=128 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=2007-05-29}}</ref> and 2007-07-07.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2007-07-10 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12772&Itemid=128 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710205143/http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12772&Itemid=128 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=July 10, 2007 |access-date=2007-07-11}}</ref>

In late April 2007, the former commander of Camp Cropper, [[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[William H. Steele (United States Army officer)|William H. Steele]] was reported to be held in a military prison in [[Kuwait]] to await an [[Article 32 hearing]]. He was charged with various breaches of military law, including supplying an unmonitored cellphone to a detainee and inappropriate relationship with a detainee's daughter.<ref>{{cite news |last=AP |title=Colonel Charged with Aiding Enemy |url=http://www.nysun.com/article/53294 |work=New York Sun |date=2007-04-26 |access-date=2007-04-26}}</ref> On October 19, 2007, a military judge found Steele not guilty on the charge of aiding the enemy, but guilty of "unauthorized possession of classified documents, behavior unbecoming an officer for an inappropriate relationship with an interpreter and failing to obey a lawful order". Steele faced a possible maximum 6-year sentence for the charges he previously pleaded guilty to, as well as an additional 10 years for the charges for which he was convicted.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/10/19/africa/ME-GEN-Iraq-Soldier-Trial.php?WT.mc_id=rssfrontpage |author=Katarina Kratovac |title=U.S. officer avoids life sentence on charges of aiding the enemy |date=2007-10-19 |work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|access-date=2007-10-19}}{{dead link|date=April 2015}}</ref> Instead, he was sentenced to 2 years confinement, minus time already served, loss of his military retirement, forfeiture of pay and allowances and a dismissal from the military.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=3751752 |author=Katarina Kratovac |title=Ex-US Commander in Iraq Gets 2-Year Term |date=2007-10-19 |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=2007-10-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115163324/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=3751752 |archive-date=November 15, 2007}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Iraq|Law}}
* [[Tariq Aziz]]
* [[Human rights situation in post-Saddam Iraq]]
* [[Donald Vance]]
* [[Nathan Ertel]]
* [[Qais Khazali|Qais al-Khazali]],  detainee
* [[Victory Base Complex]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jul-15-la-fg-iraq-camp-handover-20100716-story.html U.S. hands over last prison to Iraqi control], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 15 July 2010
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/saddam-iap.htm Camp Cropper] from Globalsecurity.org
[[Category:United States war crimes in the Iraq War]]
[[Category:Torture in the Iraq War]]
[[Category:Baghdad Governorate in the Iraq War]]
[[Category:Prisons in Iraq]]
[[Category:Installations of the United States Army in Iraq]]
[[Category:Prisoner-of-war camps]]
[[Category:Military installations closed in 2011]]
[[Category:Iraq War sites]]
[[Category:Baghdad International Airport]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Iraq]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in Iraq]]
[[Category:Prisons completed in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 2003]]
[[Category:Residential buildings completed in 2003]]
[[Category:Military installations established in 2003]]