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{{Short description|2003 terror attack against the UN in Baghdad, Iraq}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox terrorist attack
| title = Canal Hotel bombing
| partof = [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)]]
| image = UNOfficeofHumanitarianCoordinator-Baghdad (UN DF-SD-04-02188).jpg
| location = [[Baghdad]], Iraq
| target = [[United Nations]] headquarters
| date = 19 August 2003
| time-begin = 16:28
| time-end = 
| timezone = [[UTC+03:00|GMT +3]]
| type = [[Truck bomb]]
| fatalities = 23
| injuries = 100+
| perps = [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad]]<ref name="CNN_zarqawi"/>
| motive = * Recognition of the [[Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)|occupation of Iraq]], and [[Israel and the United Nations|Israel]], [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1386]] and inaction in the wars in [[Bosnian War|Bosnia]], [[Second Chechen War|Chechnya]], and [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir]]
* Opposition to the [[East Timor independence|independence of East Timor]]<ref name="TheUNBombers" /><ref name="Slate" />
}}

{{Campaignbox Iraq War bombings}}
The '''Canal Hotel bombing''' was a [[suicide attack|suicide]] [[truck bomb]]ing in [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]], during the afternoon of 19 August 2003. It killed 23 people, including the [[United Nations]]' Special Representative in Iraq [[Sérgio Vieira de Mello]], and wounded over 100, including [[human rights]] lawyer and political activist [[Amin Mekki Medani]]. The attack targeted the [[United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq]] created just five days earlier.{{efn|The United Nations had used the hotel as its [[headquarters]] in Iraq since the early 1990s.}} The attack resulted in the withdrawal within weeks of most of the 600 UN staff members from Iraq.<ref name="BBC_6941560">{{cite news|date = 11 August 2007|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6941560.stm|title = Mixed feelings over UN Iraq role|work = [[BBC News]]|access-date = 22 February 2015|last = Ghattas|first = Kim|archive-date = 1 September 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220901051228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6941560.stm|url-status = live}}</ref> These events were to have a profound and lasting impact on the UN's security practices globally.<ref name="UN_597">{{cite web|date = 21 August 2003|url = https://www.un.org/apps/news/infocusnews.asp?NewsID=597&sID=1|title = Press Briefing by Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Spokesman for the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Afghanistan|publisher = [[United Nations]]|access-date = February 6, 2011|last = United Nations|author-link = United Nations|archive-date = 17 July 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220717022016/https://www.un.org/apps/news/infocusnews.asp?NewsID=597&sID=1|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="UN_11679">{{cite web|date = 19 August 2004|url = https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=11679&Cr=19&Cr1=August|title = UN wrestling with security questions one year after Baghdad bombing – Annan|publisher = [[United Nations]]|access-date = February 6, 2011|last = United Nations|author-link = United Nations|archive-date = 28 March 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220328062244/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=11679&Cr=19&Cr1=August|url-status = live}}</ref>

The attack was followed by a suicide car bomb attack on 22 September 2003 near U.N. headquarters in Baghdad, killing a [[security guard]] and wounding 19 people.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/blast-near-baghdad-un-compound/ | work=CBS News | title=Blast Near Baghdad U.N. Compound | date=September 22, 2003 | access-date=February 22, 2015 | archive-date=October 25, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025082132/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/09/22/iraq/main574491.shtml | url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]], the leader of [[terrorist]] organization [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad]], in April 2004 claimed responsibility for the 19 August blast.<ref name="CNN_zarqawi">{{cite news|date = April 7, 2004|url = http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/04/07/zarqawi.tape/index.html?_s=PM:WORLD|title = CIA: Zarqawi tape 'probably authentic'|publisher = CNN|access-date = 22 February 2015|last = Benson|first = Pam|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121003001701/http://articles.cnn.com/2004-04-07/world/zarqawi.tape_1_al-zarqawi-zarqawi-organization-abu-musab-zarqawi?_s=PM%3AWORLD|archive-date = 3 October 2012}}</ref>

==Bombing==
In his book ''The Prince of the Marshes'', British politician and writer [[Rory Stewart]] recounts his experiences at the Canal Hotel on the day of the bombing.
{{Quotation|I had wandered past the security point without anyone attempting to search me or ask my business. The [[Iraqis]] coming in and out of the compound were good-humored. I had said to my friend that things seemed pretty relaxed. She had replied that the special representative was proud that Iraqis could approach the UN building&nbsp;– unlike in the [[Green Zone]], whose barriers were a half mile from the main offices.

... I went to the canteen, where I sat from ten until two in the afternoon, talking to local NGO staff who came in to eat and use the [[Internet]]. I particularly liked a Tunisian security advisor who had served in the [[Balkans]] and was worried about terrorists targeting the UN.

I left at two, intending to return later in the afternoon to use the Internet. But when I came back at 4:30, a thick column of smoke was rising from either end of the building, families were screaming and pushing at a cordon of [[U.S. soldier]]s, and the woman who had served me my salad in the cafeteria was running toward us. In my brief time away from the building, a suicide bomber had driven his truck up beneath [[Sérgio Vieira de Mello|De Mello]]'s office window.<ref>{{cite book
  | last = Stewart
  | first = Rory
  | author-link = Rory Stewart
  | title = The Prince of the Marshes and Other Occupational Hazards of a Year in Iraq
  | publisher = [[Harcourt (publisher)|Harcourt]]
  | year = 2006
  | pages = [https://archive.org/details/princeofmarshes00stew/page/101 101–103]
  | isbn = 978-0-15-603279-7
  | url-access = registration
  | url = https://archive.org/details/princeofmarshes00stew/page/101 }}</ref>}}
[[File:UN DF-SD-05-09965.JPEG|thumb|United Nations members prepare to load flag-draped metal transfer cases carrying the remains of bombing victims from the UN Office of Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq]]
The [[explosion]] occurred while Martin Barber, director of the UN's [[Mine action|Mine Action]] Service (UNMAS), was holding a press conference. The explosion damaged a spinal cord treatment center at the hospital next door and a U.S. Army [[Civil-military operations center|Civil-Military Operations Centre]] located at the rear of the Canal Hotel, and the resulting shockwave was felt over a mile away.{{cn|date=April 2024}}
[[File:Sergio Vieira de Mello DF-SD-04-02189.JPEG|thumb|U.S. officers secure a [[Flag of the United Nations|United Nations flag]] over the transfer case of Sérgio Vieira de Mello, prior to a memorial service at the [[Baghdad International Airport]].]] The blast was caused by a [[suicide bomber]] driving a [[truck bomb]]. The vehicle has been identified as a large 2002 flatbed [[Kamaz]] (manufactured in [[Eastern Europe]] and part of the former Iraqi establishment's fleet).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/baghdad-bomb-crude-but-deadly/|title=Baghdad Bomb Crude But Deadly|website=[[CBS News]]|date=21 August 2003|access-date=11 December 2014|archive-date=14 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614054446/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/08/21/iraq/main569431.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Investigators in Iraq suspected the bomb was made from old munitions, including a single 500-pound aerial bomb, from Iraq's pre-war arsenal.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

The [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] Humanitarian Information Centre (HIC) for Iraq (UNOHCI) was located directly beneath the office of [[Sérgio Vieira de Mello]], the [[UN High Commissioner for Human Rights]], and suffered a direct hit. Of the eight staff and one visitor in the office at the time, seven were killed instantly, but de Mello and [[Gil Loescher]] were critically wounded and trapped in debris under the collapsed portion of the building. An American soldier, [[First Sergeant]] William von Zehle, crawled down through the collapsed building and worked to extricate the two men. He was joined later by another American soldier, [[Staff Sergeant]] Andre Valentine. The two men spent the next three hours trying to extricate the two survivors without benefit of any rescue equipment. Loescher was rescued after having his crushed legs amputated by the soldiers, but Vieira de Mello died before he could be removed.<ref name="hic">{{Cite web |title=OCHA |url=https://www.unocha.org/node |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=OCHA |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225074652/https://www.unocha.org/node |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]], Vieira de Mello was specifically targeted in the blast. The reason given by al-Zarqawi for targeting Vieira de Mello was that he had helped [[East Timor]] become an [[East Timor independence|independent state]] (see the [[Indonesian occupation of East Timor]]). Zarqawi said that Vieira de Mello had participated in the unlawful removal of territory from the Islamic [[caliphate]] and was therefore a thief and a criminal.<ref name="TheUNBombers">{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Anthony |date=2011-07-16 |title=The UN bombers |url=http://www.blacktriangle.org/blog/?p=1687 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716065428/http://www.blacktriangle.org/blog/?p=1687 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |access-date=2023-05-10}}</ref><ref name="Slate">{{Cite web |last=Hitchens |first=Christopher |date=3 October 2005 |title=Don't bother looking for explanations for terrorist attacks |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2127343/ |access-date=April 11, 2017 |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |quote=A communiqué from al-Qaida gloated over the end of “the personal representative of America’s criminal slave, [[Kofi Annan]], the diseased Sergio de Mello, criminal Bush’s friend.” It went on to ask, “Why cry over a heretic? Sergio Vieira de Mello is the one who tried to embellish the image of America, the crusaders and the Jews in Lebanon and Kosovo, and now in Iraq. He is America’s first man where he was nominated by Bush to be in charge of the UN after Kofi Annan, the criminal and slave of America, and he is the crusader that extracted a part of the Islamic land [East Timor].}}</ref>

==Second bomb==
The bombing was followed on September 22, 2003, by another car bomb outside the Canal Hotel. The blast killed the bomber and an [[Iraqi police]]man and wounded 19 others, including UN workers. The second attack led to the withdrawal of some 600 UN international staff from Baghdad, along with employees of other aid agencies. In August 2004, de Mello's replacement, [[Ashraf Qazi]], arrived in Baghdad along with a small number of staff.<ref name="qazi">[http://www.news24.com/News24/World/Iraq/0,,2-10-1460_1572740,00.html News 24] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020053654/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/Iraq/0,,2-10-1460_1572740,00.html |date=2006-10-20 }} UN team in Iraq for rebuilding</ref>

== List of victims ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name
! Age
! Nationality
! Position
|-
|[[Sérgio Vieira de Mello]]
|55
|{{Flagcountry|Brazil}}
|Special Representative of the [[United Nations Secretary-General|UN Secretary-General]] to Iraq
|-
|[[Nadia Younes]]
|57
||{{Flagcountry|Egypt}}
|Chief of Staff for Vieira de Mello
|-
|[[Fiona Watson]]
|35
||{{Flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|Member of Vieira de Mello's staff, political affairs officer
|-
|[[Jean-Sélim Kanaan]]
|33
||{{Flagcountry|Egypt}}<br />{{Flagcountry|Italy|2003}}<br />{{Flagcountry|France}}
|Member of Vieira de Mello's staff, political officer
|-
|Richard Hooper
|40
||{{Flagcountry|United States|1960}}
|Senior advisor to the UN [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|Under-Secretary-General]] for the [[United Nations Department of Political Affairs|Department of Political Affairs]]
|-
|Manuel Martín-Oar
|56
|{{Flagcountry|Spain}}
|Naval captain, assistant to the Spanish special ambassador to Iraq
|-
|Christopher Klein-Beekman
|32
||{{Flagcountry|Canada}}
|[[UN Children's Fund]]'s program coordinator
|-
|[[Reham Al-Farra]]
|29
||{{Flagcountry|Jordan}}
|Department of Public Information, Deputy Spokesperson
|-
|Martha Teas
|47
||{{Flagcountry|United States|1960}}
|UNOHCI Manager
|-
|Leen Assad Al-Qadi
|32
||{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|UNOHCI Information Assistant
|-
|Ranillo Buenaventura
|47
|{{Flagcountry|Philippines}}
|UNOHCI Secretary for Vieira de Mello
|-
|Reza Hosseini
|43
|{{Flagcountry|Iran}}
|UNOHCI Humanitarian affairs officer
|-
|Ihsan Taha Husein
|26
|{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|UNOHCI Driver
|-
|Sati Jawad Al-Sabti
|59
|{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|WFP Accounts Officer
|-
|Basim Mahmoud Utaiwi
|40
|{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|UNOHCI Security guard
|-
|Raid Shaker Mustafa Al-Mahdawi
|32
|{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|[[United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission]] (UNMOVIC)
|-
|[[Gillian Clark (aid worker)|Gillian Clark]]
|47
|{{Flagcountry|Canada}}
|[[Christian Children's Fund]]
|-
|[[Arthur Helton]]
|54
|{{Flagcountry|United States|1960}}
|Director of peace and conflict studies at the U.S. [[Council on Foreign Relations]]
|-
|Alya Ahmad Souza
|54
|{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|[[World Bank]]
|-
|Khidir Saleem Sahir
|
|{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|Civilian
|-
|Ali Mohammed Hindi
|
|{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|Civilian
|-
|Saad Hermis Abona
|33
|{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|Working for a UN [[subcontractor]] (Canal Hotel cafeteria worker)
|-
|Omar Kahtan Mohamed Al-Orfali
|34
|{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|Driver/interpreter, [[ChildFund|Christian Children's Fund]]
|-
|Emaad Ahmed Salman al-Jobody
|45
|{{Flagcountry|Iraq|1991}}
|Electrician
|}

Marilyn Manuel, a member of Vieira de Mello's staff from the Philippines, was originally listed as missing and presumed dead in the collapsed section of the building.<ref name="IPSI">{{Cite web |title=ReliefWeb - Informing humanitarians worldwide |url=https://reliefweb.int/ |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en |archive-date=2023-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509154823/https://reliefweb.int/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, she had been evacuated to an Iraqi hospital which did not notify the UN of her presence. Her survival was confirmed four days later.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/23/nyregion/first-terrible-news-then-a-call-from-iraq-brings-joy.html | work=The New York Times | first=Diane | last=Cardwell | title=First, Terrible News. Then a Call From Iraq Brings Joy. | date=23 August 2003 | access-date=18 February 2017 | archive-date=5 April 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405093356/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/23/nyregion/first-terrible-news-then-a-call-from-iraq-brings-joy.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:US Marines in the UN Building in Baghdad 2003.ogv|thumb|alt=video of US marines in the UN building|After the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] American Marines occupied the building]]

==Suspects==
{{quote|We destroyed the U.N. building, the protectors of [[Jew]]s, the friends of the oppressors and aggressors. The U.N. has recognized the Americans as the masters of Iraq. Before that, they gave [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] as a gift to the Jews so they can rape the land and humiliate our people. Do not forget [[Bosnian War|Bosnia]], [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir]], [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Afghanistan]] and [[Second Chechen War|Chechnya]].|Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, in a tv program of [[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|FRONTLINE]], 21 February 2006.<ref name="zarq">[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/insurgency/etc/script.html 'The Insurgency'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516231156/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/insurgency/etc/script.html |date=16 May 2006|df=yes }}. Transcript from an episode of ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'' from [[List of Frontline (PBS) episodes|21 February 2006]]. Retrieved 22 February 2015.</ref>}}

In an audiotape, published 6 April 2004 on a website and "probably authentic," according to the [[CIA]], [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]] claimed credit for a number of attacks, including the 19 August 2003 bombing on U.N. quarters in Baghdad.<ref name="CNN_zarqawi"/> By December 2004,
[[The Jamestown Foundation]] considered al-Zarqawi and his [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad]] responsible for the attack.<ref name=Jamest.Dec2004>{{cite journal|last1=Gambill|first1=Gary|title=Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi: A Biographical Sketch|journal=Terrorism Monitor|date=16 December 2004|volume=2|issue=24|page=The Jamestown Foundation|url=http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=400&&issue_id=3179|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930185929/http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=400&&issue_id=3179|archive-date=30 September 2007|access-date=20 February 2015}}</ref>

In January 2005, a top bombmaker for al-Zarqawi's group, [[Abu Omar al-Kurdi]], was captured by the coalition and claimed his associates made the bomb used in the attack. On 16 December 2005, Iraqi authorities issued an [[arrest warrant]] for Mullah Halgurd al-Khabir, a commander of [[Ansar al-Sunna]], in connection with the attack.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

The Italian newspaper ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' identified the suicide bomber as Algerian national Fahdal Nassim.<ref name="bomb">{{cite web|url=http://jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?issue_id=3467|title=Terrorism Monitor - The Jamestown Foundation|access-date=11 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930183013/http://jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?issue_id=3467|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> Other suspects included [[Baathist]]s, militant [[Sunni]] and [[Shiite]] groups, [[organized crime]], and tribal elements. Blame was initially thought to lie with [[Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan|Ansar al-Islam]], which was thought at the time to be al-Zarqawi's group. An otherwise unknown group called the "Armed Vanguards of the Second Mohammed Army" claimed they were responsible for the attack.<ref name="cfr">{{Cite web |title=Explainers |url=https://www.cfr.org/explainers |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426114837/https://www.cfr.org/explainers |url-status=live }}</ref>

Awraz Abd Aziz Mahmoud Sa'eed, known as al-Kurdi, confessed to helping plan the attack for al-Zarqawi. Al-Kurdi was captured by U.S. forces in 2005, judged and sentenced to death by an Iraqi court, and executed by hanging on 3 July 2007.<ref name="al-kurdi">{{Cite web |title=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=eb1cec1e-566d-4f9f-afcc-f794145f64b7&p=2 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=nationalpost |language=en-CA |archive-date=2013-09-28 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130928230142/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=eb1cec1e-566d-4f9f-afcc-f794145f64b7&p=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Responses==
The suicide bombing of the United Nations in Baghdad drew overwhelming condemnation. [[Kofi Annan]], then-United Nations Secretary-General, commented that the bombing would not stop the organization's efforts to rebuild Iraq, and said: "Nothing can excuse this act of unprovoked and murderous violence against men and women who went to Iraq for one purpose only: to help the Iraqi people recover their independence and sovereignty, and to rebuild their country as fast as possible, under leaders of their own choosing."

==The World Humanitarian Day==
On 11 December 2008, the [[United Nations General Assembly]] adopted Resolution A/63/139 on "Strengthening of the Coordination of Emergency Assistance of the United Nations," which, among other declarations, designated 19 August as [[World Humanitarian Day]] to recognize all humanitarian and [[United Nations]] and associated personnel who have worked in the promotion of the humanitarian cause and those who have lost their lives while doing so.<ref name="UN_A-63-L.49">{{UN document |docid=A-63-L.49 |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=63 |resolution_number=A-63-L.49 |accessdate=2008-12-11|date=11 December 2008|title=World Humanitarian Day}}</ref>

==Films==
In 2004, [[Gil Loescher]]'s daughter, documentary filmmaker Margaret Loescher, made a critically acclaimed film about her father's experiences called ''Pulled from the Rubble''.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

A [[Sergio (2009 film)|documentary produced in 2009]] and a [[Sergio_(2020_film)|movie released in 2020]], both titled ''Sergio'', deal with the life of [[Sergio Vieira de Mello]] and the Canal Hotel bombing.

== See also ==
* [[Attacks on humanitarian workers]]
{{Clear}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.un.org/events/memorial/19august/ United Nations portal] for the anniversary
**{{cite web|url= http://www.unece.org/highlights/unece_weekly/weekly_2004/UNECE_weekly_2004-82.pdf |title=UNECE.org }}&nbsp;{{small|(176&nbsp;KB)}} Kofi Annan's statement on the one-year anniversary
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20040203025657/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/statements/2003/statment_nabarro/en/index.html who.int] Senior WHO official, Dr [[David Nabarro]], describes his experience inside the Canal Hotel
**{{cite web|url= https://www.un.org/News/dh/iraq/safety-security-un-personnel-iraq.pdf |title=UN report }}&nbsp;{{small|(711&nbsp;KB)}} on the bombing, 22 October 2003.
** [https://www.unmultimedia.org/avlibrary/asset/B577/B5778885244001/ "Voices of Terrorism Victims" ''UN in Action'' No. 1579], a video interview with Laura Dolci whose husband was killed in the bombing; from [[UN Web TV]]'s ''UN in Action''

{{Coord|33|20|01|N|44|28|02|E|region:IQ_type:landmark|display=title}}
[[Category:2003 in Baghdad]]
[[Category:2003 murders in Iraq]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Baghdad in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Suicide car and truck bombings in Baghdad]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:2003 building bombings]]
[[Category:Building bombings in Baghdad]]
[[Category:Hotel bombings in Iraq]]
[[Category:August 2003 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:August 2003 in Iraq]]
[[Category:United Nations and the Iraq War]]
[[Category:Attacks on hospitals during the Iraq War]]
[[Category:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad attacks]]
[[Category:Indonesian occupation of East Timor]]
[[Category:Wartime hospital bombings in Asia]]
[[Category:2003 in international relations]]
[[Category:Indonesia–Iraq relations]]
[[Category:Iraq–Timor-Leste relations]]
[[Category:Suicide bombings in 2003]]
[[Category:Car and truck bombings in 2003]]
[[Category:Bombings in the Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 2003]]
[[Category:Attacks on headquarters]]
[[Category:Attacks on office buildings in Iraq]]