View source for Canlaon

{{Short description|Component city in Negros Oriental, Philippines}}
{{for-multi|the volcano|Kanlaon|the lighthouse tender|USLHT Canlaon (1930)}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = {{PH wikidata|name}}
| image_skyline      = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = Flag_of_Canlaon,_Negros_Oriental.png
| flag_size          = 120x80px
| image_seal         = Canlaon Negros Oriental.png
| seal_size          = 100x80px
| image_map          = Ph locator negros oriental canlaon.png
| map_caption        = Map of Negros Oriental with Canlaon highlighted
| image_map1         = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe
|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}}
| pushpin_map        = Philippines
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}}
| coordinates        = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
| settlement_type    = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = Philippines
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{PH wikidata|region}}
| subdivision_type2  = [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2  = {{PH wikidata|province}}
| official_name      = {{PH wikidata|official_name}}
| native_name        = 
| other_name         = 
| nicknames           = The Vegetable Capital of Negros Island, The Summer Capital of Negros Oriental
| motto              = ''Salta Canlaon''
| anthem             = "Canlaon, Pinangga kong Dakbayan"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5ENLpXD7qI | title=Canlaon City Hymn (Lyrics) - Canlaon, Pinangga Kong Dakbayan | website=[[YouTube]] | date=June 15, 2019 | access-date=July 10, 2024 | archive-date=July 10, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710100651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5ENLpXD7qI | url-status=live }}</ref>
| subdivision_type3  = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#District representation|District]]
| subdivision_name3  = {{PH legislative district}}
| established_title  = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| established_date   = October 11, 1946
| established_title1 = Cityhood
| established_date1  = July 2, 1967
| named_for          = [[Kanlaon]] volcano
| parts_type         = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}  (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Jose Chubasco B. Cardenas
| leader_title1      = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_name1       = Siegfredo B. Cardenas ([[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]])
| leader_title2      = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#Current composition|Representative]] <!--congressman or congresswoman -->
| leader_name2       = Emmanuel L. Iway ([[Partido Federal ng Pilipinas|PFP]])
| leader_title3      = [[Sangguniang Panlungsod|City Council]]
| leader_name3       = {{PH Town Council
 | 1=Jane Francis J. Cardenas
 | 2=Alfonso W. Tadifa, Jr.
 | 3=Roderick John B. Schon
 | 4=Aldin L. Avila
 | 5=Charisse C. Cardenas
 | 6=Ricky R. Delubio
 | 7=Diego A. Santiago II
 | 8=Jan Monic M. Soliva
 | 9=Clementino B. Llanes
 | 10=John Alce L. Jimenez
 | abc=
 | sk=Janvie B. Endrina
}}
| leader_title4      = [[Elections in the Philippines#Qualification|Electorate]]
| leader_name4       = {{PH wikidata|electorate}} voters ([[Philippine general election, {{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}|{{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}]])
| government_type    = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
| government_footnotes = {{thinsp}}<ref>{{DILG detail}}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 500
| elevation_max_m    = 2443
| elevation_min_m    = 0
| elevation_max_rank = 
| elevation_min_rank = 
| elevation_footnotes = {{PH wikidata|elevation_footnotes}}
| elevation_max_footnotes = 
| elevation_min_footnotes = 
| area_rank          = 
| area_footnotes     = {{PH area}}
| area_total_km2     = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| population_footnotes = {{PH wikidata|population_reference}}
| population_total   = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of   = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title = [[Household]]s
| population_blank1  = {{PH wikidata|household}}
| population_blank2_title = 
| population_blank2  = 
| population_demonym = 
| population_rank    = 
| population_note    = 
| timezone           = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset         = +8
| postal_code_type   = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code        = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| postal2_code_type  = {{PSGCstyle}}
| postal2_code       = {{PSGC detail}}
| area_code_type     = {{areacodestyle}}
| area_code          = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| website            = canlaoncity.gov.ph
| demographics_type1 = [[Economy of the Philippines|Economy]]
| demographics1_title1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class_title}}
| demographics1_info1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class}}
| demographics1_title2 = [[Measuring poverty|Poverty incidence]]
| demographics1_info2 = {{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence}}% ({{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_point_in_time}}){{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_footnotes}}
| demographics1_title3 = [[Revenue]]
| demographics1_info3 = {{PH wikidata|revenue}} {{PH wikidata|revenue_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title4 = Revenue rank
| demographics1_info4 = 
| demographics1_title5 = [[Asset]]s
| demographics1_info5 = {{PH wikidata|assets}} {{PH wikidata|assets_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title6 = Assets rank
| demographics1_info6 = 
| demographics1_title7 = [[Internal Revenue Allotment|IRA]]
| demographics1_info7 = 
| demographics1_title8 = IRA rank
| demographics1_info8 = 
| demographics1_title9 = [[Expenditure]]
| demographics1_info9 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title10 = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]]
| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics_type2 = Service provider
| demographics2_title1 = Electricity
| demographics2_info1 = {{PH electricity distribution | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}
| demographics2_title2 = Water
| demographics2_info2 = 
| demographics2_title3 = Telecommunications
| demographics2_info3 = 
| demographics2_title4 = Cable TV
| demographics2_info4 = 
| demographics2_title5 = 
| demographics2_info5 = 
| demographics2_title6 = 
| demographics2_info6 = 
| demographics2_title7 = 
| demographics2_info7 = 
| demographics2_title8 = 
| demographics2_info8 = 
| demographics2_title9 = 
| demographics2_info9 = 
| demographics2_title10 = 
| demographics2_info10 = 
| blank_name_sec1    = {{PH wikidata|climate_title}}
| blank_info_sec1    = {{PH wikidata|climate_type}}
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Languages of the Philippines|Native languages]]
| blank1_info_sec1   = {{PH wikidata|language}}
| blank2_name_sec1   = [[Crime index]]
| blank2_info_sec1   = 
| blank3_name_sec1   = 
| blank3_info_sec1   = 
| blank4_name_sec1   = 
| blank4_info_sec1   = 
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| blank5_info_sec1   = 
| blank6_name_sec1   = 
| blank6_info_sec1   = 
| blank7_name_sec1   = 
| blank7_info_sec1   = 
| blank1_name_sec2   = Major religions
| blank1_info_sec2   = 
| blank2_name_sec2   = Feast date
| blank2_info_sec2   = 
| blank3_name_sec2   = Catholic diocese
| blank3_info_sec2   = 
| blank4_name_sec2   = Patron saint
| blank4_info_sec2   = 
| blank5_name_sec2   = 
| blank5_info_sec2   = 
| blank6_name_sec2   = 
| blank6_info_sec2   = 
| blank7_name_sec2   = 
| blank7_info_sec2   = 
| short_description  = 
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Canlaon''', officially the '''City of Canlaon'''  ({{langx|ceb|Dakbayan sa Canlaon}}; {{langx|hil|Dakbanwa sang Canlaon}}; {{langx|fil|Lungsod ng Canlaon}}), is a  [[Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification|component city]] in the [[Provinces of the Philippines|province]] of [[Negros Oriental]], Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 62,785 people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2024 |title=2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Population Counts Declared Official by the President |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/2024-census-population-popcen-population-counts-declared-official-president |access-date=November 14, 2025 |website=psa.gov.ph}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The city is named after the nearby [[Kanlaon Volcano]]. The name "Kanlaon" means "[place] of [[Laon (deity)|Laon]]",<ref name="Romualdez">{{cite journal |last1=Romualdez |first1=Norberto |title=A rough survey of the pre-historic legislation of the Philippines |journal=Philippine Law Journal |date=August 1914 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=149–180}}</ref>{{rp|154}} a pre-colonial [[Visayans|Visayan]] goddess of creation, agriculture, and justice. The name Laon itself means "the ancient one", from [[Visayan languages|Visayan]] {{lang|ceb|laon}} meaning "ancient" or "old."<ref name="Demetrio">{{cite book |last1=Demetrio |first1=Francisco R. |title=The Soul Book: Introduction to Philippine Pagan Religion |date=1991 |publisher=GCF Books |pages=12, 13, 15 |url=https://archive.org/details/the-soul-book-demetrio-cordero-fernando-zialcita-1991}}</ref>

== History ==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2024}}
Canlaon was formerly a part of [[Vallehermoso, Negros Oriental|Vallehermoso]] as Sitio Mabigo of Barrio Panubigan. In 1941, Isidoro Bautista Sr., a geodetic engineer, along with its residents petitioned the Philippine government to convert Mabigo into a separate municipality.

=== World War II ===
During the [[Second World War]], the [[Japanese Imperial Army]] captured Canlaon on April 10, 1942, right after the [[Battle of Bataan]]. The occupation ended in early 1945 when soldiers from the [[Eighth United States Army]] under [[Lieutenant General]] [[Robert Eichelberger]] including the [[40th Infantry Division (United States)]] and the [[23rd Infantry Division (United States)]], landed in [[Negros Island]] to drive out the Japanese. On liberating the island, they were assisted by newly formed [[Philippine Commonwealth]] Military Forces and [[Negrense]] guerillas who helped in clearing out Japanese [[pockets of resistance]] throughout the island. In fact, the honor of liberating Canlaon from the Japanese went to Commonwealth soldiers belonging to the 7th, 71st, 73rd and 75th Infantry Regiments of the [[Philippine Army]], the 7th Regiment of the [[Philippine Constabulary]] and the guerillas.

=== Post-World War II ===
==== Creation as a municipality ====
On October 11, 1946, President [[Manuel Roxas]] signed Executive Order no. 19, creating the municipality of Canlaon out of two barrios (Mabigo and Panubigan) and nine sitios.<ref>{{Cite PH act|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1946/10/11/executive-order-no-19-s-1946/|chamber=EO|number=19|date=October 11, 1946|title=Organizing a Certain Portion of the Municipality of Vallehermoso, Province of Oriental Negros, Into an Independent Municipality Under the Name of Canlaon|access-date=September 6, 2024|archive-date=June 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606021147/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1946/10/11/executive-order-no-19-s-1946/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was inaugurated on January 1, 1947. Isidoro Bautista Sr. became its first municipal mayor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Canlaon City |url=http://canlaoncity.gov.ph/?pageid=1&newsid=2&category=about&wfunc=viewarticle&rightpanel=yes&titlecap=History%20of%20Canlaon%20City |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=canlaoncity.gov.ph |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023012940/http://canlaoncity.gov.ph/?pageid=1&newsid=2&category=about&wfunc=viewarticle&rightpanel=yes&titlecap=History%20of%20Canlaon%20City |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Cityhood ====
{{main|Cities of the Philippines}}
[[Lorenzo Teves]], then congressman of the [[Legislative districts of Negros Oriental|first district]] of [[Negros Oriental]], filed House Bill 4346 to convert Canlaon into a city. The bill was approved and became Republic Act 3445. However, then President [[Carlos P. Garcia]] did not sign the bill. It was only on April 20, 1967, when president [[Ferdinand Marcos]] signed Proclamation no. 193, formally converting the municipality to a city. It took effect on July 2, 1967, making Canlaon the second city in the province after Dumaguete.

==Geography==
[[File:KanlaonSun.JPG|thumb|Sunset taken at [[Kanlaon|Kanlaon Volcano]]'s slope]]

Canlaon is {{convert|166|km}} from the provincial capital [[Dumaguete]] and {{convert|94|km}} from [[Bacolod]], the capital of [[Negros Occidental]]. Canlaon is home to the highest peak in its own province, its corresponding [[Negros Island|island]], and the entire [[Visayas]], [[Mount Kanlaon]], which is {{convert|2465|m}} above sea level at its highest point.

===Flora===
The [[Balete tree|Balete]] Tree (also known as the Century Tree) inside the OISCA Farm is estimated by botanists from [[Silliman University]] to be around 1,300 years old. It is home to lizards, bats, and a variety of insects.

===Barangays===
[[File:Ph Canlaon City, Negros Oriental (Barangay Map).png|thumb|Administrative divisions of Canlaon City]]
Canlaon is politically subdivided into 12 [[barangay]]s. Each barangay consists of [[purok]]s and some have [[sitios]].

{{PH brgy table lite|top}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608001| Bayog | 2938| 2663}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608002| Binalbagan | 2569| 2109}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608003| Bucalan | 3259| 3187}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608011| Budlasan | 4553| 3768}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608004| Linothangan |  4080|  3406}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608005| Lumapao |  3447|  2680}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608009| Mabigo (Pob.) | 12406| 11356}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608006| Malaiba | 4973| 3956}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608007| Masulog | 6016| 5200}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608012| Ninoy Aquino | 2245| 1674}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608008| Panubigan | 7681| 6109}}
{{PH brgy table lite|074608010| Pula |  4655|  4519}}
{{PH brgy table lite|bottom|50627}}
{{clear left}}

===Climate===
{{Weather box
| location             = Canlaon, Negros Oriental
| width                = auto
| metric first         = Yes
| single line          = Yes
| Jan high C           = 26
| Jan low C            = 20
| Feb high C           = 27
| Feb low C            = 20
| Mar high C           = 28
| Mar low C            = 20
| Apr high C           = 29
| Apr low C            = 21
| May high C           = 28
| May low C            = 22
| Jun high C           = 27
| Jun low C            = 22
| Jul high C           = 26
| Jul low C            = 22
| Aug high C           = 27
| Aug low C            = 22
| Sep high C           = 27
| Sep low C            = 22
| Oct high C           = 26
| Oct low C            = 22
| Nov high C           = 26
| Nov low C            = 21
| Dec high C           = 26
| Dec low C            = 20
| Jan precipitation mm = 100
| Feb precipitation mm = 75
| Mar precipitation mm = 90
| Apr precipitation mm = 101
| May precipitation mm = 183
| Jun precipitation mm = 242
| Jul precipitation mm = 215
| Aug precipitation mm = 198
| Sep precipitation mm = 205
| Oct precipitation mm = 238
| Nov precipitation mm = 194
| Dec precipitation mm = 138
| Jan rain days        = 14.9
| Feb rain days        = 11.3
| Mar rain days        = 14.5
| Apr rain days        = 17.4
| May rain days        = 26.4
| Jun rain days        = 28.4
| Jul rain days        = 28.5
| Aug rain days        = 27.5
| Sep rain days        = 26.9
| Oct rain days        = 28.4
| Nov rain days        = 24.2
| Dec rain days        = 17.2
| source 1             = Meteoblue <small>(Use with caution: this is modeled/calculated data, not measured locally.)</small><ref name="met_norms">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/canlaon_philippines_1719053
| title   =Canlaon: Average Temperatures and Rainfall
| publisher = Meteoblue
| access-date = May 6, 2020 }}</ref>
| date                 = May 6, 2020
}}

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census
| align= none
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| 1918 = 
| 1939 = 
| 1948 = {{PH census population|1948}}
| 1960 = {{PH census population|1960}}
| 1970 = {{PH census population|1970}}
| 1975 = {{PH census population|1975}}
| 1980 = {{PH census population|1980}}
| 1990 = {{PH census population|1990}}
| 1995 = {{PH census population|1995}}
| 2000 = {{PH census population|2000}}
| 2007 = {{PH census population|2007}}
| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}
| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}
| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}
| 2024 = {{PH census population|2024}}
| 2030 = 
| footnote= Source: [[Philippine Statistics Authority]]{{PH wikidata|population_reference}}{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}{{LWUA population data}}
}}

===Language===

[[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] is primarily spoken in Canlaon but [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] is also used as the city borders [[Negros Occidental]]. [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] and [[Philippine English|English]] are used as second languages.

{{clear left}}

== Economy ==
{{PH poverty incidence}}

==Education==
The public schools in Canlaon are administered by the newly formed [https://depedcanlaoncity.net/ Schools Division of Canlaon City].

Elementary schools:
{{div col}}
* Angas 1 Elementary School — Sitio Angas 1, Mabigo
* Aquino Elementary School — Ninoy Aquino
* Bayog Elementary School — Bayog
* Binalbagan Elementary School — Binalbagan
* Bucalan Elementary School — Bucalan
* Budlasan Elementary School — Budlasan
* Concepcion Palmares-Montealegre Elementary School <small>(formerly ''Mananawin ES'')</small> — Sitio Mananawin, Masulog
* Gaboc Elementary School — Sitio Gaboc, Malaiba
* Guibawan Elementary School — Sitio Guibawan, Bucalan
* Kalubihan Elementary School — Sitio Kalubihan, Linothangan
* Linothangan Elementary School — Linothangan
* Lower Lumapao Elementary School — Lumapao
* Macario Española Memorial School — Lopez Jaena Street, Mabigo
* Malaiba Elementary School — Malaiba
* Malaiba ES - Everlasting Extension — Purok Everlasting, Malaiba
* Manggapa Elementary School — Sitio Manggapa, Masulog
* Masulog Elementary School — Masulog
* Matagbak Elementary School — Sitio Matagbak, Masulog
* Minabuntod Elementary School — Sitio Minabuntod, Pula
* Panubigan Central Elementary School — Panubigan
* Panubigan CES - Carmen Extension — Sitio Carmen, Panubigan
* Panubigan CES - Pasto Extension — Sitio Pasto, Panubigan
* Pinamentigan Elementary School — Sitio Pinamentigan, Budlasan
* Pula Elementary School — Pula
* Tabalogo Elementary School — Sitio Tabalogo, Budlasan
* Tigbahi Elementary School — Sitio Tigbahi, Bayog
* Upper Lumapao Elementary School — Lumapao
* Villa Iowa Elementary School — Sitio Villa Iowa, Pula
* Villa Iowa ES - Humayan Extension — Sitio Humayan, Pula
{{div col end}}

High schools:
* Aquino High School <small>(formerly ''Jose B. Cardenas MHS - Aquino Extension'')</small> — Ninoy Aquino
* Bayog High School <small>(formerly ''Jose B. Cardenas MHS - Bayog Extension'')</small> — Bayog
* Bucalan High School — Bucalan
* Budlasan National High School — Sitio Pinamentigan, Budlasan
* Jose B. Cardenas Memorial High School — Exodus Avenue, Panubigan
* Jose B. Cardenas MHS - Tabalogo Extension — Sitio Tabalogo, Budlasan
* Jose B. Cardenas MHS - Uptown Annex — Uptown, Mabigo
* Malaiba High School — Malaiba
* Masulog High School — Masulog
* Pula High School <small>(formerly ''Jose B. Cardenas MHS - Pula Extension'')</small> — Pula

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [{{NSCB detail}} Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024509/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html Philippine Census Information]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205706/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&frmIdDcfCode=7&fLguType=CM&frmIdRegion=10&frmIdProvince=58&frmIdLgu=1107 Local Governance Performance Management System]

{{Geographic location
| Centre    = Canlaon
| North     = [[San Carlos, Negros Occidental]]
| East      = [[Vallehermoso, Negros Oriental|Vallehermoso]]
| South     = [[Guihulngan]]
| West      = [[La Carlota, Negros Occidental]]<br />[[La Castellana, Negros Occidental]]
| Northwest = [[Bago, Negros Occidental]]
}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Articles Related to Canlaon
| list  =
{{Negros Oriental}}
{{Negros Island Region}}
{{Philippine cities}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Negros Oriental]]
[[Category:Component cities in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Political divisions established by Philippine executive order]]