View source for Canton of Zug

{{short description|Canton of Switzerland}}
{{for|the city within the Canton|Zug}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = Canton of Zug
| native_name        = {{native name|de|Kanton Zug}}
| other_name         = Canton of Zoug
| settlement_type    = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]]
| image_flag         = Flag of Canton of Zug.svg
| image_shield       = Wappen Zug matt.svg
| shield_size        = 80x80px
| shield_link        = 
| image_blank_emblem = Canton Zug logo.png
| blank_emblem_type  = Logo
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|zoom=6|type=shape|stroke-width=2|frame-lat=46.7|frame-long=8.25|frame-width=275|frame-height=175}}
| map_alt            = Map of Switzerland, location of Zug highlighted
| map_caption        = Location in Switzerland
{{hidden |ta1 = left| border = 1px solid grey | header = Map of Zug | content = <br/>[[File:Karte Kanton Zug 2010.png|250px]] }}
| coordinates        = {{coord|47|10|N|8|31|E|region:CH-ZG|display=inline,title}}
| seat_type          = Capital
| seat               = [[Zug]]
| parts_type         = Subdivisions
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = [[Municipalities of the canton of Zug|11 municipalities]]
| p2                 = 
| leader_title       = [[President (government title)|President]]
| leader_name        = Silvia Thalmann-Gut
| leader_title2      = [[List of cantonal executives of Switzerland|Executive]]
| leader_name2       = Regierungsrat (7)
| leader_title3      = [[List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland|Legislative]]
| leader_name3       = Kantonsrat (80)
| area_footnotes     = {{Swiss area data||QUELLE-KT}}
| area_total_km2     = {{Swiss area|ZG|km=yes }}
| population_footnotes = {{Swiss populations ref|CH-ZG }}
| population_total   = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-ZG|CH-ZG}}
| population_as_of   = {{Swiss populations data CH-ZG|YM}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistik |first=Bundesamt für |date=2021-01-21 |title=Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 {{!}} Tabelle |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/15304856 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Bundesamt für Statistik |language=de}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = [[Swiss franc|CHF]] 20.319 billion (2020)
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita
| demographics1_info2 = CHF 158,474 (2020)
| iso_code           = CH-ZG
| blank_name_sec1    = [[List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation|Highest point]]
| blank_info_sec1    = {{convert|1580|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}: [[Wildspitz]]
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation|Lowest point]]
| blank1_info_sec1   = {{convert|388|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}: Reussspitz at the confluence of the [[Reuss (river)|Reuss]] and the [[Lorze]]
| blank_name_sec2    = [[History of Switzerland#Order of accession of the cantons|Joined]]
| blank_info_sec2    = 1352
| blank1_name_sec2   = Languages
| blank1_info_sec2   = [[German language|German]]
| website            = {{URL|http://www.ZG.ch}}
}}
The '''canton of Zug''' or '''canton of Zoug''' ({{langx|de|Kanton Zug}}, <small>[[Standard German]]:</small> {{IPA|de|tsuːk||De-Zug.ogg}}, <small>[[Alemannic German]]:</small> {{IPA|gsw|tsuːɡ̊|}}; {{langx|rm|Chantun Zug}}; {{langx|fr|Canton de Zoug}}; {{langx|it|Canton Zugo}}) is one of the 26 [[cantons of Switzerland]]. It is located in central [[Switzerland]] and its [[Capital (political)|capital]] is [[Zug]]. At {{cvt|239|km2}} the canton is one of the smallest of the Swiss cantons in terms of area. It is not subdivided into districts, but eleven municipalities.

== History ==
[[File:Baarburg.JPG|thumb|left|The Baarburg above the town of Baar]]
The first trace of a settlement in the canton dates from approximately 14,000 BC, with additional finds from the [[Paleolithic]] (12,400-9250 BC) and the [[Mesolithic]] (9250-5500 BC). During the [[Neolithic]] (5500-2200 BC) and the [[Bronze Age]] (2200-850 BC) about 50 different [[stilt house]] villages were built in 33 locations around [[Lake Zug]].<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|7373|Canton of Zug}}</ref> Some of these sites are part of the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] [[Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps]]. Prehistoric sites around the lake and throughout the canton include examples from the Neolithic Egolzwiler, [[Cortaillod culture|Cortaillod]], [[Pfyn culture|Pfyn]] and [[Horgen culture|Horgen]] cultures. Traces of the later Neolithic [[Bell Beaker culture|Bell Beaker]] and [[Corded Ware culture|Corded Ware]] cultures as well as the early Bronze Age are less common. There were several large later Bronze Age and [[Iron Age]] settlements. On the Baarburg the ruins of an Iron Age [[Celtic people|celtic]] prince's castle from about 500 BC contained Greek ceramics and [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] metal vessels. Some of the names around the canton are possibly celtic in origin including [[Baar, Switzerland|Baar]], [[Cham, Switzerland|Cham]], [[Lorze]], [[Sihl]] and possibly [[Reuss river|Reuss]].<ref name=HDS/>

After the [[Switzerland in the Roman era|Roman conquest]] the area was home to as many as ten [[Villa rustica]]. In addition to a number of [[Hoard|coin hoards]], graves and ruins, a collection of 23 [[terracotta]] religious statues were discovered in Cham. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the area was incorporated into the [[Francia|Frankish Empire]] in 536/37. During the [[Early Middle Ages]] a number of [[parish church]]es were founded in the canton as the population grew. A settlement existed near the present location of [[Zug Castle]] and Cham by the 9th or 10th century. The city of Zug was founded in the first half of the 13th century.<ref name=HDS/>

Near the southern shore of the [[Ägerisee|lake of Ägeri]] is the site of the [[Battle of Morgarten]], won by the Swiss in 1315.<ref name="EB1911"/> In this battle the powerful [[Habsburgs]] were defeated. The [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of Morgarten (Municipality of [[Oberägeri]]) borders the canton of Schwyz and is home to the Morgarten Battle Monument ({{langx|de|text= Morgarten Denkmal}}). The actual battlefield is just across the border in the hamlet of Schornen (Municipality of [[Sattel, Switzerland|Sattel]]) in the [[canton of Schwyz]].

During the 1798 [[French invasion of Switzerland|French Invasion]] its inhabitants opposed the invading army until the collapse of the [[Early Modern Switzerland|Ancien Regime]]. The canton formed part of the ''Tellgau'' and was later a district of the large canton of the ''Waldstätten'' in the French supported [[Helvetic Republic]].<ref name="EB1911"/> The [[canton of Waldstätten]] also included what are today the cantons of [[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]], [[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]], [[Canton of Unterwalden|Unterwalden]] and [[Canton of Uri|Uri]].
[[File:Zentralbibliothek Solothurn - 1 COSTUME DU CANTON DE ZUG 2 ET 3 id DE SOLEURE 4 id DAPPENZELL - a0114.tif|thumbnail|left|Figure 1 wears a traditional costume of the canton of Zug.]]

In 1803, under the [[Act of Mediation]], the canton of Zug regained its independence as a separate canton. The constitution of 1814 abolished public assemblies (''[[Landsgemeinde]]''), which had existed in the canton since 1376. In 1845 the canton of Zug became a member of the [[Sonderbund war|Sonderbund]] and participated in the war of 1847 which was lost to the [[Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland|Swiss Confederation]]. In 1848 the remaining functions of the ''Landsgemeinde'' were abolished. Both in 1848 and in 1874 the canton voted against the federal constitutions. The constitution of 1876 was amended in 1881, and replaced by a new one in 1894.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911 |wstitle=Zug (canton) |volume=28 |pages=1047–1048 |first=William Augustus Beevoort |last=Coolidge |author-link=W. A. B. Coolidge |inline=1}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Lake Ägeri (Ägerisee) at Morgarten.jpg|thumb|[[Ägerisee]]]]
The canton of Zug is located in central Switzerland and covers an area of {{convert|239|km2|sqmi}}. The cantons of [[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] and [[Canton of Aargau|Aargau]] lie to its west. To the north, the canton is bounded by the [[canton of Zürich]], whereas to the east and south lies the [[canton of Schwyz]].

Most of the land is considered productive. The [[Lake of Zug]] ({{langx|de|Zugersee}}) and [[Lake Ägeri]] ({{langx|de|Ägerisee}}) make up a considerable part of the canton's area. Lake Ägeri is wholly within the canton, whereas the Zugersee is shared with the cantons of Lucerne and Schwyz.

The canton is located on a hilly plateau. The [[Höhronen]] (near ''Höhboden'') is the highest elevation (1,229 m) in the east of the canton. The [[Zugerberg]] (1,039 m) in the south is another notable elevation. It connects in the south with the [[Rossberg]] massif which rises to the [[Wildspitz]] (1,583 m) east of the Zugersee. This massif separates the Zugersee from the basin and Ägerisee. It also separates the hilly district of [[Menzingen]] from the Zugersee.

The river [[Lorze]] is the principal drainage in the canton. It originates in Ägerisee, from where it flows northward through moraine deposits in a deep gorge with fine stalactite caverns.<ref name="EB1911"/> The river eventually enters the Zugersee, before flowing back out of the lake through the town of Cham, and joining the [[Reuss (river)|Reuss]] in the northern corner of the canton. The Reuss forms the boundary of the canton in the north west.

Canton Zug's borders were mainly established by nature itself: the rivers [[Sihl]] and [[Biber (river, Switzerland)|Biber]], and the Höhronen ridge in the east; the Rossberg mountain in the south, and the [[Rooterberg]] mountain, and the Reuss in the west. Only the 87.5&nbsp;km-long border between the cantons of Zürich and Zug is not naturally defined. With its 1580 m peak, the Wildspitz is the highest point in the canton. The lowest point in the north of the canton is at 388 m, at ''Rüssspitz'' ({{langx|de|Reussspitz}}) on the border, the confluence of the rivers Lorzen and Reuss.

===Diverse landscape===
The canton of Zug is multi-faceted, despite its small size. In rough terms, there are two zones, divided by the north-south axis of Lake Zug: the western part with [[Ennetsee]] and the plateau of Zug, [[Steinhausen, Switzerland|Steinhausen]] and [[Baar, Switzerland|Baar]]; and the eastern part consisting of the hilly and mountainous zone. In the latter is the Zugerberg with the Rossberg mountain chain, the valley of [[Oberägeri]] and [[Unterägeri]], with Lake Ägeri, and the mountain ridge of Höhronen and the countryside of [[Menzingen]] and [[Neuheim]].

The power of the glaciers in the ice ages is impressively shown in the lateral moraines of the mountains [[Walchwilerberg]] and Zugerberg. These are the remaining traces of the [[Reuss Glacier]]. The moraine and drumlin landscape of Menzingen and Neuheim are the result of the convergence of the Reuss Glacier and the [[Linth Glacier]]. The Swiss geologist [[Albert Heim]] (1849–1937) once noted that "this must be the most impressive moraine landscape in Switzerland".{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} The glaciation of the Zug mountains stopped in around 15,000 BCE.

The Lorze is the only large river flowing wholly within the canton. The Sihl and Reuss both follow cantonal borders. The Lorze flows from Lake Ägeri through the deep valley of the [[Lorzentobel]] to Baar and Lake Zug. In [[Cham, Switzerland|Cham]], the Lorze leaves Lake Zug and joins the Reuss at the aforementioned Reussspitz.

== Political subdivisions ==
[[File:Karte Gemeinden des Kantons Zug 2007.png|thumb|Municipalities]]
The canton forms a single administrative district, which comprises eleven municipalities. The legislature (''Kantonsrat'') has 80 members. The executive (''Regierungsrat'') has seven members. Members of both governments are elected directly by popular vote. The term of office in both cases is four years. The two members of the Federal [[Swiss Council of States|Ständerat]], as well as the three members of the Federal [[Swiss National Council|Nationalrat]], are also elected by a popular vote.<ref name="EB1911"/>

===Municipalities===
The eleven municipalities of the canton are: [[Zug]], [[Oberägeri]], [[Unterägeri]], [[Menzingen]], [[Baar, Switzerland|Baar]], [[Cham, Switzerland|Cham]], [[Hünenberg]], [[Steinhausen, Switzerland|Steinhausen]], [[Risch]], [[Walchwil]], and [[Neuheim]].

== Demographics ==
{|class="wikitable floatright"
|+ Largest groups of foreign residents 2014<ref name=ZGSTATf>{{cite web |title=Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Nationalität, Kanton Zug und Schweiz, 2010-2014 |url=https://www.zg.ch/behoerden/baudirektion/statistikfachstelle/themen/01bevoelkerungszahlen/bevoelkerungszahlen |publisher=Fachstelle für Statistik, Amt für Raumplanung, Kanton Zug |format=XLS |type=statistics |language=de |date=2015 |access-date=2015-12-27}}</ref>
|-
!Nationality || Number || % total<br />(foreigners)
|-
|{{flag|Germany}} || 6497 || 5.4 (20.5)
|-
|{{flag|Italy}} || 2957 || 2.5 (9.3)
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}} || 2041 || 1.7 (6.5)
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}} || 2004 || 1.7 (6.3)
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}} || 1311 || 1.1 (4.1)
|-
|{{flag|Kosovo}} || 1296 || 1.1 (4.1)
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}} || 1067 || 0.9 (3.4)
|-
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 993 || 0.8 (3.1)
|-
|{{flag|The Netherlands}} || 910 || 0.8 (2.9)
|-
|{{flag|Austria}} || 868 || 0.7 (2.7)
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}} || 792 || 0.7 (2.5)
|-
|{{flag|France}} || 776 || 0.6 (2.4)
|-
|{{flag|Macedonia}} || 703 || 0.6 (2.2)
|-
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}} || 686 || 0.6 (2.2)
|-
|{{flag|United States}} || 678 || 0.6 (2.1)
|-
|{{flag|Russia}} || 566 || 0.5 (1.8)
|}

The population of the canton (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-ZG}}) is {{Swiss populations|CH-ZG|CH-ZG}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-ZG}} {{as of|2014}}, the population included 31,643 foreigners, or about 26% of the total population, up from 15.6% in 1990.<ref name=ZGSTATf/> The largest foreign population is to be found in the municipality of Walchwil with 33.2% foreign nationals, then Zug (31.7%), Baar (28.1%), Risch (26.3%), and Oberägeri (25.3%). The lowest rate is to be found in Menzingen (18.9%) and Hünenberg (16.5%).<ref>{{cite web |title=Ständige Wohnbevölkerung in den Zuger Gemeinden, 2010-2014, nach Staatsangehörigkeit |url=https://www.zg.ch/behoerden/baudirektion/statistikfachstelle/themen/01bevoelkerungszahlen/bevoelkerungszahlen |publisher=Fachstelle für Statistik, Amt für Raumplanung, Kanton Zug |format=XLS |type=statistics |language=de |date=2015 |access-date=2015-12-27}}</ref>

The majority of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) is [[Roman Catholic]] (62%) with a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] minority (18%).<ref>{{cite web | last = Federal Department of Statistics | title = Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion | year = 2004 | url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html | format = Interactive Map | access-date = 2009-01-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160924182116/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html | archive-date = 24 September 2016 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Until 1814, Zug was in the [[Diocese of Konstanz]], but on the reconstruction of the diocese of [[Basel]] in 1828 it was assigned to the latter.<ref name="EB1911"/>

While the majority of the population understands standard German, most residents speak the [[Swiss German]] dialect of central Switzerland.

=== Historical population ===
The historical population is given in the following table:
{| class="wikitable collapsible"
! colspan="5" | Historic Population Data<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zug (Kanton)|url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/007373/2019-04-24/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz|language=de}}</ref>
|-
! Year
! Total Population
! Swiss
! Non-Swiss
!Population share <br />of total country
|-
! scope="row" | 1850
| rowspan="1" align="center" |17 461
| rowspan="1" align="center" |17,355	
| rowspan="1" align="center" |106	
| align="center" |0.7%
|-
!1880
| rowspan="1" align="center"|22,829
| rowspan="1" align="center" |21,896
| rowspan="1" align="center"|933
| align="center"align="center"|0.8%
|-
! scope="row" | 1900
| rowspan="1" align="center" |25,093
| rowspan="1" align="center" |25,093
| align="center" |2,004
| align="center" |0.8%
|-
! scope="row" | 1950
| rowspan="1" align="center" |42,239
| rowspan="1" align="center" |39,715
| rowspan="1" align="center" |2,524
| align="center" |0.9%
|-
! scope="row" | 1970
| align="center" |67,996
| align="center" |57,276
| rowspan="1" align="center" |10,720
| align="center" |1.1%
|-
!2000
| align="center"|100,052
| align="center"|79,819
| align="center"|20,233
| align="center"|1.4%
|-
! scope="row" | 2020
| align="center" | 128,794 || align="center" | || align="center" |
| align="center" |1.5%
|-
|}

== Economy ==
The [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition]] (1910–1911) described the economy as follows:
{{blockquote|In the higher regions of the canton the population is mainly engaged in pastoral pursuits and cattle-breeding. There are 61 ''alps'' (high pastures) in the canton. At Cham is a well-known factory of [[condensed milk]], now united with that of [[Nestlé]] of [[Vevey]].<ref name="EB1911"/> The ''Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co.'' was founded in Cham in 1866. At Baar there are factories. Round the town of [[Zug]] there are great numbers of fruit trees, and ''[[Kirschwasser|Kirsch]]'' (a high grade clear cherry schnapps) and [[cider]] are largely manufactured. [[Apiculture]] flourishes in the canton. A number of factories have sprung up in the new quarter of the town. The formerly important silk-weaving industry has now disappeared.<ref name="EB1911"/>}}

Since 1910 the economy has shifted dramatically in Zug. In 2014, about 1.8% of the workers in Zug work in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary sector]] (the total for all of Switzerland is 3.3%) Of these 1.8%, in 2008, nearly two-thirds kept dairy cows.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Selection.aspx?px_language=de&px_db=px-x-0602050000_104&px_tableid=px-x-0602050000_104%5Cpx-x-0602050000_104.px&px_type=PX |title=Arbeitsstätten und Beschäftigte nach Kanton und Wirtschaftsart (BZ) |year=2008 |work=STAT-TAB |publisher=Federal Statistical Office |language=de |access-date=18 April 2017 |archive-date=5 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805173011/https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Selection.aspx?px_language=de&px_db=px-x-0602050000_104&px_tableid=px-x-0602050000_104%5Cpx-x-0602050000_104.px&px_type=PX |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, its low tax rates and business friendly climate have brought many small and medium-sized businesses in all areas of the economy. There are over 24,300<ref>[http://www.zug.ch/behoerden/volkswirtschaftsdirektion/kontaktstelle-wirtschaft/die-zuger-wirtschaft Canton of Zug - Regional Economy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424072023/http://www.zug.ch/behoerden/volkswirtschaftsdirektion/kontaktstelle-wirtschaft/die-zuger-wirtschaft/ |date=24 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 9 March 2011</ref> registered companies and over 70,000 jobs<ref>[http://www.zug.ch/portraet/wirtschaft Canton of Zug - Economy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405190929/http://www.zug.ch/portraet/wirtschaft |date=5 April 2013 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 9 March 2011</ref> in the canton, with 12,900<ref>[http://www.stadtzug.ch/de/gewerbe/fpzuginzahlen/ Zug City website - Numbers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315042150/http://www.stadtzug.ch/de/gewerbe/fpzuginzahlen/# |date=15 March 2011 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 9 March 2011</ref> of the registered companies based in the city of Zug.

In 2014 the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] employed 22,096 or about 20.5% of the total. Of those in the secondary sector, 28.3% worked in the manufacture of data-processing equipment, electronic and optical products. About a quarter of all secondary sector workers in the canton work in construction, with 19.7% in specialized trades such as electrician or plumber and 7% in construction management or labor. The [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] employed 83,591 or about 77.7% of the total. Of those in the tertiary sector, the largest group of employees (17% of all tertiary sector) work in wholesale business including wholesale pharmaceuticals. The next largest group category is education which makes up 6.22% of the sector. Due to Zug's status as a business center and tax haven, 5.74% of the tertiary sector is in management and business consultancy, 4.67% provide information technology services, 4% provide legal and tax consultancy and nearly 4% provide financial services.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Selection.aspx?px_language=de&px_db=px-x-0602010000_101&px_tableid=px-x-0602010000_101\px-x-0602010000_101.px&px_type=PX |title=Arbeitsstätten und Beschäftigte nach Kanton, Wirtschaftsabteilung und Grössenklasse |year=2014 |work=STAT-TAB |publisher=Federal Statistical Office |language=de |access-date=18 April 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 2016, the town of Zug began accepting [[digital currency]] for small payments of municipal fees. Then, in 2021, the canton started accepting bitcoin or Ethereum for personal and company taxes up to CHF100,000. To reduce risk, Zug converts the cryptocurrency into Swiss francs. This is part of a strategy to associate Zug with new technologies.<ref name="dwf20160701">
{{cite news |last=Uhlig/jse|first=Christian |title=Alpine 'Crypto Valley' pays with Bitcoins |work=DW Finance |date=2016-07-01 |url=http://www.dw.com/en/alpine-crypto-valley-pays-with-bitcoins/a-19371082? |access-date=2016-07-18 }}</ref><ref>Johannes Ritter (2021) [https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/digitec/kryptowaehrung-steuerzahlung-in-der-schweiz-mit-bitcoin-und-ether-17206042.html "The Swiss can now pay taxes in Bitcoin in the canton of Zug"], ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', February 19.</ref>

Zug has also been referred to as the Crypto Valley by [[Ethereum]] co-founder Mihai Alisie because of the large number of companies engaged in [[cryptocurrency]] in the area.<ref name="dwf20160701"/> By 2018, a Crypto Valley Association had been formed with Oliver Bussmann, as its president.<ref>Martin Arnold and Ralph Atkins. [https://www.ft.com/content/2225e392-0f08-11e8-8cb6-b9ccc4c4dbbb "European banks break ranks over cryptocurrencies"]. ''Financial Times''. 12 February 2018. Accessed 20 April 2020.</ref>

At the end of 2019, the following were identified as the largest cryptocurrency companies in Zug: [[Ethereum]] ($14.4 billion), Dfinity ($2bn), [[Polkadot (cryptocurrency)|Polkadot]] ($1.2bn), [[Bitmain]] ($1bn), Libra ($1bn), [[Tezos]] ($924m), [[Cardano (blockchain platform)|Cardano]] ($869m) and Cosmos ($818m).<ref>[http://banking.onlystrategic.com/Articles/search/article/87977 "Crypto Valley companies gain in substance"]. ''Banking Newslink''. 24 January 2020. Accessed 20 April 2020.</ref> By 2021, the term 'Crypto Valley' was being used to cover Switzerland and Liechtenstein with 960 companies; Zug accounted for 433 companies, followed by Zurich (178). Eleven companies were described as '[[Unicorn (finance)|unicorns]]' with the largest – Ethereum ($157 billion), Cardano ($41bn) and Polkadot ($29bn), all being based in the canton.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cvvc.com/top50|title=CV VC - Top 50 Report|website=cvvc.com}}</ref> By 2024, there were 1,290 cryptocurrency companies in the Crypto Valley; 512 in Zug and 278 in Zurich. The largest companies – Ethereum ($273 billion), [[Solana (blockchain platform)|Solana]] ($43 billion), Cardano ($21bn) and Polkadot ($10bn), were all based in the canton. The 50 biggest companies had a valuation of $383 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Switzerland's Crypto Valley Top 50 Surges with a 106% Valuation Increase to $382.93 Billion |url=https://www.cvvc.com/press-releases/switzerlands-crypto-valley-top-50-surges-with-a-106-valuation-increase-to-382-93-billion#:~:text=Crypto%20Valley%20Top%2050%20experiences,Crypto%20Valley%20raised%20$283.5m. |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.cvvc.com}}</ref>

The canton of Zug has one of the lowest tax rates in Switzerland. [[Bloomberg L. P.]] reported that trading houses with ties to Russian oligarchs are peppered all over the low tax canton of Zug. Local officials estimate that there are at least 40 companies connected to Russia that employ about 900 people in the canton. Twenty firms identified as Russian by the canton paid CHF31 million ($33 million) in cantonal and municipal taxes in 2020, but "the true scale of Russian operations in Zug is hard to determine because Swiss registration rules demand limited information from companies looking to do business there," writes Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.estv.admin.ch/estv/de/home/allgemein/steuerstatistiken/fachinformationen/steuerbelastungen/steuerbelastung/karten-kantone-2018.html |title=Swiss Federal Tax Office |publisher=Eidg. Steuerverwaltung, Swiss Federal Council |location=Berne, Switzerland |date=2019|language=de |access-date=2020-09-22}}</ref>{{More citations needed|date=December 2022}}

== Transport ==
Zug is located on the north side of the [[Alps|transalpine]] north–south axis via the [[Thalwil–Arth-Goldau railway]], connecting the [[Gotthard line]] to Zürich. It is also a [[Zug railway station|major railway junction]] of the [[Zug–Lucerne railway]] and the north–south axis.

The motorway [[A4 (Switzerland)|A4]] traverses the canton west of the [[Zugersee]].

==Politics==
===Federal election results===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style ="text-align: center"
|-
! colspan="15"| Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971-2015<ref>{{cite report |title=Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%) |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |date=2015 |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html |access-date=5 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802014002/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html |archive-date=2 August 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | Party !! class="unsortable" | Ideology !! 1971 !! 1975 !! 1979 !! 1983 !! 1987 !! 1991 !! 1995 !! 1999 !! 2003 !! 2007 !! 2011 !! 2015
|-
! [[FDP.The Liberals]]{{ref|a|a}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|FDP.The Liberals}}"| || [[Classical liberalism]] || 0.0 || 23.1 || 32.8 || 33.6 || 34.1 || 32.9 || 22.5 || 25.7 || 22.4 || 21.5 || 19.2 || 17.6
|-
! [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian democracy]] || 0.0 || 39.4 || 34.1 || 39.9 || 34.2 || 34.2 || 27.1 || 26.4 || 22.9 || 23.3 || 24.3 || 26.4
|-
! [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP/PS]] 
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Social democracy]] || 0.0 || 35.7 || 30.9 || 22.8 || 22.6 || 16.1 || 17.0 || 23.3 || 13.4 || 9.1 || 5.3 || 13.8
|-
! [[Swiss People's Party|SVP/UDC]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Swiss People's Party}}"| || [[Swiss nationalism]] || 0.0 || * {{ref|b|b}} || * || * || * || * || 15.2 || 21.4 || 27.7 || 29.1 || 28.3 || 30.5
|-
! [[Green Liberal Party of Switzerland|GLP/PVL]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Green Liberal Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Green liberalism]] || 0.0 || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 6.8 || 3.6
|-
! [[Green Party of Switzerland|GPS/PES]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Green politics]] || 0.0 || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 17.0 || 15.4 || 7.2
|-
! FGA
| || [[Feminism]] || 0.0 || * || * || * || 7.8 || 10.1 || 10.4 || {{ref|c|c}} || 13.6 || {{ref|d|d}} || {{ref|d|d}} || {{ref|d|d}}
|-
! Other
| || || 0.0 || 1.8 || 2.2 || 3.8 || 1.3 || 6.7 || 7.8 || 3.3 || * || * || 0.7 || 1.0
|-
! Voter participation % || || || 0.0 || 58.9 || 55.9 || 53.3 || 46.4 || 51.1 || 44.4 || 53.5 || 52.6 || 53.7 || 55.1 || 53.7
|-
|}
:{{note|a|a}} FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009
:{{note|b|b}} "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.
:{{note|c|c}} Part of a coalition with the SP
:{{note|d|d}} Part of a coalition with the Green Party

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.zg.ch/ Canton of Zug's official page] {{in lang|de}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131115013319/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/zg/key.html Official statistics]
* [http://www.pbase.com/karibaer/finstersee Zug-Zuerich border photos] 
* [http://www.pbase.com/karibaer/kanton_zg Kanton Zug - All photographs index]

{{Cantons of Switzerland}}
{{Switzerland topics}}
{{Portal bar|Switzerland}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Canton of Zug| ]]
[[Category:Cantons of Switzerland|Zug]]
[[Category:14th-century establishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy]]
[[Category:1350s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:1352 establishments in Europe]]