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{{Short description|German composer, conductor and pianist (1824–1910)}}
{{Infobox person
| name            = Carl Reinecke
| image           = C.Reinecke-1890.jpg
| image_upright   = 
| caption         = Reinecke in {{circa|1890}}
| birth_date      = {{birth date|1824|06|23|df=y}}
| birth_place     = [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]], [[Danish Unitary State|Denmark]]
| death_date      = {{death date and age|1910|03|10|1824|06|23|df=y}}
| death_place     = [[Leipzig]], [[German Empire]]
| occupation      = {{hlist | Composer | pianist | conductor | academic teacher }}
| organizations   = 
| works           = 
}}
'''Carl Heinrich Carsten Reinecke''' (23 June 1824{{spaced ndash}}10 March 1910) was a German [[composer]], [[Conducting|conductor]], and [[pianist]] in the mid-[[Romantic music|Romantic era]].

==Biography==
{{Moresources|section|date=January 2023}}
Reinecke was born in what is today the [[Hamburg]] district of [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]]; technically he was born a Dane, as until 1864 the town was under [[Denmark|Danish]] rule. He received all his musical instruction from his father, (Johann Peter) Rudolf Reinecke (22 November 1795{{snd}}14 August 1883), a music teacher and writer on musical subjects.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Celebrated Pianists of the Past and Present|last=Ehrlich|first=A.|pages=276}}</ref> Carl first devoted himself to violin-playing, but later on turned his attention to the piano.<ref name=":0" /> He began to compose at the age of seven, and his first public appearance as a pianist was when he was twelve years old.

At the age of 19, he undertook his first concert tour as a pianist in 1843, through Denmark and Sweden, after which he lived for a long time in [[Leipzig]],<ref name=":0" /> where he studied under [[Felix Mendelssohn]], [[Robert Schumann]] and [[Franz Liszt]]; he entered into friendly relations with the former two. After the stay in Leipzig, Reinecke went on tour with [[Königslöw]] and [[Wilhelm Joseph von Wasielewski]] (later Schumann's biographer), in North Germany and Denmark. In 1846, Reinecke was appointed Court Pianist for [[Christian VIII of Denmark|Christian VIII]] in [[Copenhagen]]. There he remained until 1848, when he resigned and went to [[Paris]].<ref name="eb1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Reinecke, Carl Heinrich Carsten|volume=23|page=56}}</ref> 

Overall, he wrote four concertos for his instrument (and many [[cadenza]]s for others' works, including a large set published as his [[opus number|Opus]] 87), as well as concertos for violin, cello, harp and flute.  In the winter of 1850/51, [[Carl Schurz]] reports attending weekly "musical evenings" in Paris where Reinecke was in attendance.<ref>
{{Cite book
|author=Carl Schurz
|author-link=Carl Schurz
|title=[[s:The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz|The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz]]
|chapter=[[s:The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz/Volume One/12 In Paris|XII: In Paris]]
|volume=One
|year=1907
}} Schurz reports "We had every week a ‘musical evening’; sometimes in my room, in which young musicians—among them Reinecke, who afterwards became the famous director of the well-known 'Gewandhaus Concerts' in Leipzig—reviewed the most recent composers, and now and then produced their own compositions, while I and others served as an enthusiastic public."
</ref>

In 1851, Reinecke became a professor at the [[Cologne Conservatory]]. In ensuing years he was appointed musical director in [[Barmen]], and became the academic, musical director and conductor of the [[Singakademie]] at [[Wrocław|Breslau]].

In 1860, Reinecke was appointed director of the [[Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]] and professor of composition and piano at the [[University of Music and Theatre Leipzig|Leipzig Conservatory]]. He led the orchestra for more than three decades, until 1895.  He conducted premieres such as the full seven-movement version of [[Johannes Brahms|Brahms]]'s ''[[A German Requiem (Brahms)|A German Requiem]]'' (1869). In 1865 the Gewandhaus-Quartett premiered his [[piano quintet]], and in 1892 his D major [[string quartet]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gewandhaus-quartett.de/gesch.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040114232508/http://www.gewandhaus-quartett.de/gesch.html|archive-date = 2004-01-14|title = Gewandhaus-Quartett – Streichquartettensemble anno 1808}}</ref>

Reinecke is best known for his flute sonata "[[Sonata Undine|Undine]]", but he is also remembered as one of the most influential and versatile musicians of his time. He served as a teacher for 35 years, until his retirement in 1902. His students included [[Edvard Grieg]], [[Basil Harwood]], [[Charles Villiers Stanford]], [[Christian Sinding]], [[Leoš Janáček]], [[Isaac Albéniz]], [[August Max Fiedler]], [[Walter Niemann (composer)|Walter Niemann]], [[Johan Svendsen]], [[Richard Franck]], [[Felix Weingartner]], [[Max Bruch]], [[Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis]], [[Anna Diller Starbuck]], [[Ernest Hutcheson]], [[Felix Fox]], [[Sofie Rohnstock]], [[August Winding]], [[Elisabeth Wintzer]], [[Mykola Lysenko]], and many others. {{See LMST|Carl|Reinecke}}

After retirement from the conservatory, Reinecke devoted his time to composition, resulting in almost three hundred published works.  He wrote several operas (none of which are performed today) including ''König Manfred''. During this time, he frequently made concert tours to [[England]] and elsewhere. His piano playing belonged to a school in which grace and neatness were characteristic, and at one time he was probably unrivaled as a Mozart player and an accompanist.<ref name="eb1911"/> In 1904 at the age of 80, he made recordings of seven works  playing on [[piano roll]] for the [[Welte-Mignon]] company, making him the earliest-born pianist to have his playing preserved in any format. He subsequently made a further 14 for the Aeolian Company's "Autograph Metrostyle" piano roll visual marking system and an additional 20 for the Hupfeld DEA reproducing piano roll system.

Reinecke died in Leipzig at age 85.

==Works==
[[File:Reinecke (young).jpg|thumb|upright|Carl Reinecke (c. 1860)]]
* Ballade for flute and orchestra in D minor, Op. 288 (1908) (his last opus number)
* Piano Concerto No. 1 in F-sharp minor, Op. 72, 1860
* Piano Concerto No. 2 in E minor, Op. 120,  1872
* Piano Concerto No. 3 in C major, Op. 144, 1877
* Piano Concerto No. 4 in B minor, Op. 254, 1900
* Violin Concerto in G minor, Op. 141, 1877
* Harp Concerto in E minor, Op. 182, 1884
* Flute Concerto in D major, Op. 283, 1908
* Serenade for strings in G minor, Op. 242, around 1898
* Trio for piano, oboe and horn in A minor, Op. 188, 1886
* Trio for piano, clarinet and viola in A, Op. 264
* Trio for piano, clarinet and horn in B-flat, Op. 274, 1905
* [[Octet (Reinecke)|Octet for winds in B-flat]], Op. 216, 1892
* Sextet for flute, oboe, clarinet, 2 horns and bassoon in B-flat, Op. 271
* Five string quartets  (Op. 16 in E-flat, 1843; Op. 30 in F, 1851; Op. 132 in C, 1874; Op. 211 in D major, 1890; and Op. 287)
* Organ Sonata, Op. 284
* Piano Sonata for the left hand, Op. 179, 1884
* String Trio in C minor, Op. 249
* [[Sonata Undine|Sonata for flute (''Sonata Undine'')]], Op. 167, 1882
* Sonatas for cello and piano (three, in A minor, Op. 42, 1847-8; D major, Op. 89, 1866; and G major, Op. 238, 1897, recorded on cpo)
* Three light piano trios, Op. 159a
* Piano Trio, Op. 230
* ''Drei Fantasiestücke für Viola und Klavier'', Op. 43 (Three fantasy pieces for viola and piano)
* Symphony No. 1 in A Major, Op. 79
* Symphony No. 2 in C minor "Håkon Jarl", Op. 134, 1874
* Symphony No. 3 in G minor, Op. 227

==Arrangement==
* Arranged [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s [[Triple Concerto (Beethoven)|Triple Concerto]] into a piano trio

==Media==
{{listen 
|filename=Carl Reinecke - Wind Octet Op. 216 - 1. Allegro moderato.ogg|title=Wind Octet Op. 216 - 1. Allegro moderato|description=Performed by the [[Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet]] with extra players|format=[[ogg]]
|filename2=Carl Reinecke - Wind Octet Op. 216 - 2. Scherzo (vivace).ogg|title2=Wind Octet Op. 216 - 2. Scherzo (vivace)|description2=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet with extra players|format2=[[ogg]]
|filename3=Carl Reinecke - Wind Octet Op. 216 - 3. Adagio ma non troppo.ogg|title3=Wind Octet Op. 216 - 3. Adagio ma non troppo|description3=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet with extra players|format3=[[ogg]]
|filename4=Carl Reinecke - Wind Octet Op. 216 - 4. Finale, Allegro molto e grazioso.ogg|title4=Wind Octet Op. 216 - 4. Finale: Allegro molto e grazioso|description4=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet with extra players|format4=[[Ogg]]
|filename5=Carl Reinecke - Wind Sextet Op. 271 - 1. Allegro moderato.ogg|title5=Wind Sextet Op. 271 - 1. Allegro moderato|description5=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet with extra horn player|format5=[[ogg]]
|filename6=Carl Reinecke - Wind Sextet Op. 271 - 2. Adagio molto - Vivace ma non troppo.ogg|title6=Wind Sextet Op. 271 - 2. Adagio molto - Vivace ma non troppo|description6=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet with extra horn player|format6=[[ogg]]
|filename7=Carl Reinecke - Wind Sextet Op. 271 - 3. Finale (Allegro moderato ma con spirito).ogg|title7=Wind Sextet Op. 271 - 3. Finale (Allegro moderato ma con spirito)|description7=Performed by the Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet with extra horn player|format7=[[ogg]]
}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*[http://www.carl-reinecke.de Carl Heinrich Carsten Reinecke Page] - includes a detailed worklist {{in lang|de}}
*{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Reinecke, Karl|year=1905}}

==External links==
* {{IMSLP|id=Reinecke%2C_Carl|cname=Carl Reinecke}}
* {{ChoralWiki}}
*[http://www.editionsilvertrust.com/music-r.htm Carl Reinecke String Trio Op.249, Piano Quartet Op.272, Piano Quintet Op.83 & Cello Sonata No.1 Op.42] Soundbites and discussion of works
*[https://intimatemusic.blogspot.com/2010/10/who-on-earth-is-reinecke.html Discussion of Reinecke string quartet No 4 in D]
*[https://etudemagazine.com/etude/1910/05/the-passing-of-carl-reinecke.html The Passing of Carl Reinicke], from the [https://etudemagazine.com/gallery/Etude_Covers/1910_05_001.jpg.html May, 1910, issue of "The Etude" magazine]

===Recordings===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050306063111/http://www.rprf.org/Rollography.html Piano Rolls] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20100301032625/http://www.rprf.org/ The Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation])
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100828225919/http://www.archiphon.de/106-e.htm The closest approach to 19th century piano interpretation - 19th Century pianist on Welte-Mignon] (ARC-106, Archiphon)

{{NIE |short=x|title=Carl Reinecke}}
{{Carl Reinecke}}
{{Gewandhausorchester conductors}}
{{Romantic music}}
{{Portal bar|Classical music|Biography|Music}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reinecke, Carl}}
[[Category:1824 births]]
[[Category:1910 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century German classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century German classical pianists]]
[[Category:19th-century German conductors (music)]]
[[Category:20th-century German classical composers]]
[[Category:20th-century German classical pianists]]
[[Category:20th-century German conductors (music)]]
[[Category:20th-century German male musicians]]
[[Category:Composers for harp]]
[[Category:Composers for piano]]
[[Category:German male conductors (music)]]
[[Category:German male pianists]]
[[Category:German opera composers]]
[[Category:German Romantic composers]]
[[Category:German male classical pianists]]
[[Category:German male opera composers]]
[[Category:People from Altona, Hamburg]]
[[Category:Musicians from Leipzig]]
[[Category:Pupils of Felix Mendelssohn]]
[[Category:Pupils of Franz Liszt]]
[[Category:Pupils of Robert Schumann]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig]]
[[Category:German string quartet composers]]
[[Category:Kapellmeisters of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]]