View source for Castel Gandolfo

{{refimprove|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                   = Castel Gandolfo
| official_name          = Città di Castel Gandolfo
| native_name            = 
| image_skyline          = Castel Gandolfo.jpg
| imagesize              = 
| image_alt              = 
| image_caption          = The town of Castel Gandolfo overlooking [[Lake Albano]]
| image_shield           = Castel Gandolfo-Stemma.png
| shield_alt             = 
| shield_size            = 
| image_map              = 
| map_alt                = 
| map_caption            = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt        = 
| coordinates            = {{coord|41|44|49|N|12|39|07|E|type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes  = 
| region                 = [[Lazio]]
| metropolitan_city      = [[Metropolitan City of Rome Capital|Rome]]
| frazioni               = Mole di Castel Gandolfo, [[Pavona]]
| mayor_party            = 
| mayor                  = Milvia Monachesi<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-residence-idUSKCN12L1UD|title=Papal summer residence, shunned by Francis, opened to public|date=21 October 2016|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref>
| area_footnotes         = 
| area_total_km2         = 
| population_footnotes   = 
| population_total       = 8940
| population_as_of       = 31 May 2017
| pop_density_footnotes  = 
| population_demonym     = Castellani
| elevation_footnotes    = 
| elevation_m            = 426
| twin1                  = 
| twin1_country          = 
| saint                  = [[Saint Sebastian|St. Sebastian (San Sebastiano)]]
| day                    = January 20
| postal_code            = 00040
| area_code              = 06
| website                = {{official website|https://www.comune.castelgandolfo.rm.it}}
| footnotes              = 
}}
'''Castel Gandolfo''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|k|æ|s|t|ɛ|l|_|ɡ|æ|n|ˈ|d|ɒ|l|f|oʊ}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Castel+Gandolfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028161441/https://www.lexico.com/definition/castel_gandolfo |url-status=dead |archive-date=2021-10-28 |title=Castel Gandolfo |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|k|ɑː|ˌ|s|t|ɛ|l|_|ɡ|ɑː|n|ˈ|d|oʊ|l|f|oʊ|,_|-|ˈ|d|ɔː|l|-}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Castel Gandolfo|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Castel Gandolfo|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|it|kaˈstɛl ɡanˈdɔlfo|lang}}; {{langx|la|Castrum Gandulphi}}), colloquially known as '''Castello''' in the ''[[Roman Castles|Castelli Romani]]'' dialects, is a town located {{cvt|25|km|}} southeast of [[Rome]], in the [[Italy|Italian]] region of [[Lazio]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.tuttitalia.it/lazio/71-castel-gandolfo/ | title = Castel Gandolfo | access-date = 7 June 2019 }}</ref> Situated on a hilltop in the [[Alban Hills]] with panoramic views of [[Lake Albano]], Castel Gandolfo is home to approximately 8,900 residents and is renowned as one of Italy's most scenic towns.<ref>[[I Borghi più belli d'Italia|I borghi più belli d'Italia: Castel Gandolfo]]</ref> It is one of [[I Borghi più belli d'Italia]] ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").<ref>{{cite web|url=https://borghipiubelliditalia.it/lazio/|title=Lazio|access-date=1 August 2023|language=it}}</ref>

Within the town's boundaries lies the [[Palace of Castel Gandolfo|Apostolic Palace of Castel Gandolfo]], which has served as the summer residence and vacation retreat for most [[pope]]s since 1626.<ref name="Povoledo">{{cite web |last=Povoledo |first=Elisabetta |title=Pope Leo Returns to Tradition: A Summer Break at a Papal Villa |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 3, 2025 |access-date=2024-07-03 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/03/world/europe/pope-leo-summer-castel-gandolfo.html }}</ref>  Although the palace is located within the borders of Castel Gandolfo, it holds extraterritorial status as one of the [[properties of the Holy See]] and is not under Italian jurisdiction. It has been transformed into a museum and is now open to the public.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> In spite of the main Apostolic Palace's current status as a museum, the Castel Gandolfo complex would have its traditional status as the pope's summer residence and vacation retreat restored in July 2025.<ref name=partiallyrestored />

The resort community encompasses almost the entire coastline of Lake Albano, which is surrounded by numerous summer residences, [[villa]]s, and [[Cottage|cottages]] that were constructed during the 17th century. It is also home to the Stadio Olimpico, which hosted the rowing events during the [[1960 Summer Olympics|Rome Olympics]].

Castel Gandolfo has several places of archaeological interest, including the Emissario del Lago Albano and the remains of the [[Villa of Domitian]]. The area is included within the boundaries of the Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani (Regional Park of Castelli Romani). There are also many points of artistic interest, such as the Collegiate Church of [[Thomas of Villanova|St. Thomas of Villanova]], designed by [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]].

== Geography ==
=== Territory ===
The boundaries of the town extend obliquely in a north-northeast turn around the hilly area of the [[Alban Hills]] and the plains of [[Ager Romanus|Agro Romanus]]. It is included and protected by the Regional Park of Castelli Romani, formed in 1984. Most of the soil is of volcanic origin, with prevalence of materials such as [[tuff]]<!--NOT tufa!!!!--> and [[pozzolana]].<ref>Carta Geologica d'Italia, foglio 150 (Roma), edizione 1967</ref> Its [[seismic scale|seismic classification]] is rated a Zone 2 (medium-high seismicity) <ref>Anche secondo le categorie sismiche stabilite dal D.M. LL.PP. 1984 e la successiva ordinanza P.C.M. n° 3274 20 marzo 2003 Castel Gandolfo era in zona sismica 2. Sono nella stessa zona sismica tutti i Colli Albani.</ref>

==== Hydrography ====
[[File:Castel Gandolfo e lago Albano 2 - panorama.jpg|right|thumb|[[Lake Albano]]]]
The main water body is Lake Albano, often called Lake Castel Gandolfo. The [[Metropolitan City of Rome Capital|Metropolitan City of Rome]] currently manages the lake. Up to 1802, it was the property of the Abbey of [[Nilus the Younger|Saint Nilus]] [[Grottaferrata]], the [[Apostolic Camera]] (Catholic Church Financial Administration) and then owned by Prince [[Stanislaus Poniatowski]] in 1870.<ref>[[Gaetano Moroni]], Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica – Castel-Gandolfo, vol. X p. 155–156, Venezia [[1841]].</ref>

==== Topography ====
The maximum elevation registered in the territory is {{cvt|425|m|ft|-1}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]], at the Collegio di [[Propaganda Fide]] adjoining Villa Barberini. On the crown of the hills around the Lake Albano, the elevation is only {{cvt|400|m|ft}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]], at the summit of Monte Cucco, bordering [[Marino, Italy|Marino]].<ref>Nibby, Antonio (1829). Analisi storico-topografico-antiquaria della carta de' dintorni di Roma – Castel Gandolfo, vol. I.</ref>

Towards the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]], the land slopes gently, so from {{cvt|250|m|ft}} from the Casale Santa Cristina, below [[Castel Savello]] bordering Albano, goes to {{cvt |217|m|ft}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] at Colle Lilli, to {{cvt |200|m|ft}} above sea level at Pozzo di Valle, to {{cvt |155|m|ft}} Quarto Santa bordering Marino, to {{cvt |130|m|ft}} above sea level of the Laghetto di Turno. The lowest elevation of the territory is {{cvt |101|m|ft}} above sea level at the village of [[Pavona]].<ref>Nibby, Antonio (1829). Analisi storico-topografico-antiquaria della carta de' dintorni di Roma – Castel Gandolfo, vol. II.</ref>

=== Climate ===
In terms of climate, the area falls within the domain of the temperate [[Mediterranean climate]] with mild winters, autumn temperatures higher than those of spring and ventilated summers. In the area of [[Colli Albani]], and at Castel Gandolfo, the phenomenon known as [[Air stagnation|stau]], which is the reduction of water vapor in the clouds as the ground rises can be observed. Summers are hot and dry, while winter is mild and rainy without, in general, extreme low temperatures and snow. In summer, temperatures can reach {{convert|35|°C|0|abbr=on}} with peaks of {{convert|37|°C|0|abbr=on}} in rare cases.<ref>S. Ciccacci, L. D'Alessandro, L. Davoli, G.B. La Monica, E. Lupia Palmieri, Caratteristiche Climatiche, Geomorfologiche, Sedimentologiche e Idrogeologiche in Vincenzo Carunchio (ed.), Valutazione della Situazione Ambientale del Lago di Nemi, Roma: Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" e Provincia di Roma, 1987, pp. 17–45.</ref> [[Climate classification]]: Zone D, 1966 GR / G.

== Etymology ==
The name "Castel Gandolfo" is derived from the Latin ''Castrum Gandulphi'',<ref>Spesso viene confusa con il Castrum Gandulphi la Turris Gandulphi o Gandulfa, che secondo lo storico di Ariccia Emanuele Lucidi (Memorie storiche dell'antichissimo municipio ora terra dell'Ariccia, e delle sue colonie di Genzano e Nemi, parte I, cap. IV pp. 41–42) sarebbe il toponimo con cui anticamente era designata l'attuale località di Tor Paluzzi, situata presso la frazione di Cecchina in comune di Ariccia.</ref> the name of the castle on this site was presumably owned by the family of [[Gandolfi]], originally from [[Genoa]]. Another hypothesis, supported by [[Pope Pius II]] in his commentary (1462), is that the name results from Gandulphi Sabinorum, from a certain [[Savelli family|Gandolfo Savelli]].<ref>Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica – Castel-Gandolfo, vol. X p. 156, Venezia 1841.</ref>

== History ==
[[File:John Paul II George W. Bush July 2001.jpg|thumb|[[John Paul II]] at Castel Gandolfo, July 23, 2001, with [[George W. Bush]] and [[Laura Bush]]]]
Archaeological finds from the 16th century BC come from the area of what is now Castel Gandolfo.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

The site of the modern town is a candidate for the site of legendary ancient [[Alba Longa]], capital of the [[Latin League]]. It was later developed by emperor [[Domitian]] into his [[Villa of Domitian|vast palace]].{{fact|date=April 2025}}

Its name is derived from a fortification of the ducal Gandolfi family (of [[Genoa|Genoese]] origin, named after [[St. Gondolfus]]) in the 12th century, which passed to the [[Savelli family]] from whom the [[Apostolic Camera]] purchased it in 1596 for 150,000 scudi. [[Pope Clement VIII]] (1592-1605) was the first pope to come to Castel Gandolfo, but the rebuilding of the old castle was the project of [[Pope Urban VIII|Urban VIII]] who first made it an official papal residence in 1626.<ref name="Povoledo" />

During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], some 900 anti-French citizens of neighboring [[Velletri]] held out in Castel Gandolfo, resisting the siege by [[Joachim Murat]].{{fact|date=April 2025}}

During World War II, [[Pope Pius XII]] opened up the grounds of Castel Gandolfo to refugees escaping the fighting taking place around Rome. On January 22, 1944, the first of what became 12,000 people began arriving on the property, often bringing with them their cows, horses, mules and sheep. Included were many Roman Jews, and other non-Catholics. During the time they lived there, 36 children were born, almost all of whom were named for the Pope who gave them safe harbor.The pope's private apartment was turned into a nursery.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2016/10/21/popes-palace-became-refugee-center-neonatal-unit/ | title = When the pope's palace became a refugee center and neonatal unit | first=John L. Jr. | last=Allen | date = October 21, 2014 | access-date = October 21, 2014 | publisher = Crux}}</ref>

[[Pope Benedict XVI|Pope Benedict]] (2005-2013) loved it so much he briefly retired there after leaving the papacy.<ref name="Povoledo" /> [[Pope Francis]] (2013-2025) rarely went with a gap of nearly 12 years of no visits, however he did open the pontifical palace and gardens to the public for the first time, increasing tourism to the town.<ref name="Povoledo" /> His successor [[Pope Leo XIV]] (2025-present) first used it as a summer residence in 2025, and said that he would continue the tradition - 2026 will be the 400-year anniversary as a papal residence.<ref name="Povoledo" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-17 |title=Pope Leo XIV to spend summer holidays in Castel Gandolfo |work=Vatican News |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-06/pope-leo-xiv-to-spend-some-summer-holidays-in-castel-gandolfo.html |access-date=2025-06-17 |language=en}}</ref> On July 6, 2025, Pope Leo XIV would begin staying at Castel Gandolfo for a six week vacation, thus resuming the tradition of Castel Gandolfo being used as the pope's retreat and summer home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/pope-vacation-castel-gandolfo-leo-dd5a4c7eeeb4f94ce12901618e0eba06|title=Pope Leo XIV resumes tradition and arrives Castel Gandolfo for vacation to restore ‘body and spirit’|first1=Dario|last1=Artale|first2=Sylvia|last2=Stelliacci|first3=Nicole|last3=Winfield|publisher=Associated Press|date=July 6, 2025|accessdate=July 6, 2025}}</ref> However, the main Apostolic Palace at Castel Gandolfo still remains a museum, with Leo XIV instead staying at the Castel Gandolfo's [[Pontifical Villas of Castel Gandolfo|Villa Barberini]].<ref name=partiallyrestored>{{cite news|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-07/welcome-pope-leo-arrives-in-castel-gandolfo.html|title=‘Welcome!’ Pope Leo arrives in Castel Gandolfo|first=Salvatore|last=Cernuzio|publisher=Vatican News|date=July 6, 2025|accessdate=July 6, 2025}}</ref>

== Main sights==
=== Religious architecture ===
[[File:Dome of Bernini's Parish Church in Castel Gandolfo.jpg|right|thumb|Cupola of [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini|Bernini]]'s parish church]]
* The parish church, dedicated to St. [[Thomas of Villanova]] was designed by [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini|Bernini]] (1658–1661) on the order of the [[Chigi-Albani family|Chigi]] [[Pope Alexander VII]], it has a square Greek key cross plan and houses a notable painting by [[Pietro da Cortona]] portraying Christ's crucifixion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parrocchia Pontificia San Tommaso da Villanova|url=http://www.santommasodavillanova.it/|work=santommasodavillanova.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Castel Gandolfo – Church of Saint Thomas of Villanova – Tesori delle Consolari Romane|url=http://en.tesorintornoroma.it/Itinerari/La-Via-Appia-Antica/Castel-Gandolfo-chiesa-di-San-Tommaso-da-Villanova|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102055726/http://en.tesorintornoroma.it/Itinerari/La-Via-Appia-Antica/Castel-Gandolfo-chiesa-di-San-Tommaso-da-Villanova|archive-date=2013-11-02|access-date=2013-03-12|publisher=En.tesorintornoroma.it|language=it}}</ref>
* Church of Our Lady of the Lake, wanted personally by [[Pope Paul VI]], was consecrated by the same pope in 1977, on the shores of Lake Albano.
* Church of Santa Maria Assunta, construction began in 1619 with the consecration of the first stone by [[Pope Paul V]].
* Church of Santa Maria, modern construction, situated in the populous district of Borgo San Paolo near State Road 7 Via Appia, the Ugo Bazzi theater adjoins the church.
* Church of San Sebastiano, dedicated to the patron saint of the city and located on State Road 7 Via Appia adjacent to the church cemetery.
* Church of Santa Maria Della Cona.

=== Civil architecture ===
[[File:Castel Gandolfo BW 3.JPG|right|thumb|The façade of the [[Palace of Castel Gandolfo|Papal Palace]]]]
[[File:Statua S.Pietro Castel Gandolfo.JPG|thumb|Statue of [[St. Peter]]]]
* The [[Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo|Apostolic Palace of Castel Gandolfo]], the [[pope|Pope's]] summer residence, is a 17th-century building designed by [[Carlo Maderno]] for [[Pope Urban VIII]]. The papal palace and the adjoining Villa Barberini, which was added to the complex by [[Pope Pius XI|Pius XI]], have enjoyed [[Extraterritoriality|extraterritorial rights]] since the signing of the [[Lateran Treaty|1929 treaty]] with Italy; the little piazza directly in front was renamed ''Piazza della Libertà'' in the first flush of [[Italian unification|Italian unity]] after 1870. The [[Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo|Papal Palace]] remained unused from 1870 until 1929.
* Villa Cybo, built by Cardinal Camillo Cybo, was annexed to the whole of the Pontifical Villas at the time of [[Pope Clement XIV]] who purchased it in 1774 from the owner at the time, [[Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena]], for the sum of 80,000 crowns.
* Villa Barberini, built by the nephew of [[Pope Urban VIII]] (Maffeo Barberini), was incorporated in the [[Extraterritoriality|extraterritorial]] complex of the Pontifical Villas in 1929: the manor houses the headquarters of the College of Propaganda Fide. As part of its extensive formal gardens is located the existing remains of the complex built by the Roman Emperor Domitian.
* Villa Santa Caterina, currently owned by the Catholic Institute of Technology. During the construction of this villa, situated in the [[Herculaneum]] area, the Roman ruins of the villa commonly attributed to [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]] were discovered.
* Villa Torlonia, built in the 16th century by the Roman family of the Giustiniani, then passed into ownership of the [[House of Torlonia|Duke of Bracciano]] Giuseppe Torlonia. The current appearance is due to the restoration of 1829, funded by Duke Carlo Torlonia. 
* [[Villa Chigi]] built by Cardinal [[Flavio Chigi (1631–1693)|Flavio Chigi]], nephew of [[Pope Alexander VII]]; today it is home to a golf course.
* The two telescopes of the [[Vatican Observatory]], which were moved from [[Rome]] to Castel Gandolfo in the 1930s, were still used until the 1980s. The headquarters of the Vatican Observatory is still located in Castel Gandolfo. However, its dependent research center, the Vatican Observatory Research Group (VORG), is hosted by [[Steward Observatory]] at [[University of Arizona|the University of Arizona]], Tucson, United States. The telescopes are located in Mt. Graham, Arizona.
[[File:Castel Gandolfo - Palazzo Pontificio.JPG|thumb|The [[Palace of Castel Gandolfo|Pontifical Palace of Castel Gandolfo]] with the dome of the Collegiate Church of St. Thomas and that of the [[Vatican Observatory]]]]

=== Archaeological sites ===
* The site of the papal palace: rebuilt on the ruins of the former castle, partly occupies the foundations of a summer residence of the Emperor [[Domitian]] that occupied {{convert|14|km2|sqmi}}. The residence was designed by the architect [[Rabirius (architect)|Rabirius]]. In the palace's inner courtyard is a Roman bust depicting [[Polyphemus]], the [[Cyclops]] from whose cave [[Odysseus|Ulysses]] escaped; it was found in the [[nymphaeum]] of the Imperial villa's gardens, an artificially constructed grotto of the crater lake's outlet.
* Supposed Villa of [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]]: the remains of a Roman villa located on the Appian Way, {{convert|23|km|mi}} of National Road 7 Via Appia, inside the Villa Santa Caterina, owned by the Catholic Institute of Technology. After recent studies and excavations, the site is now believed to have been an ancient shrine to the goddess Bona Dea. 
* The Bergantino or bath of [[Diana (mythology)|Diana]] [[nymphaeum]]: on the western shores of the Lake Albano, {{convert|2|km|mi}} after the [[Doric order|Doric]] nymphaeum, this structure, originally annexed to the Domitian Villa at Castel Gandolfo, opens in a circular cave of {{convert|17|m|ft}} in diameter. There is a bath in the middle of the cave, and the floor was completely covered with [[mosaics]], of which a few fragments remain. Various parts of sculptural groups now kept at the Pontifical Palace in Castel Gandolfo have been found in the nymphaeum.
* Emissary of the Lake Albano: an artificial conduit of runoff water, {{convert|1800|m|ft}} long, that runs from the West coast of Lake Albano and leads into Castel Gandolfo territory. According to tradition, it was built in 396 BC to fulfil a prophecy during the conquest of [[Veii]].

== Education ==
Castel Gandolfo does not host secondary schools. Within the municipal area lie a private kindergarten run by the Paul VI Pontifical Municipal School, which is primary and secondary level. The Scuola Media Statale "Dante Alighieri" and other religious institutions deal with primary education.

The Catholic Institute of Technology, which opened in 2024, is an R1 research university, building on a long-standing tradition of great Catholic scientists and engineers. Catholic Tech offers bachelors degrees in various science and engineering disciplines. 

[[Walsh University]], which has its main campus in [[North Canton, Ohio]], United States, holds a small campus in Castel Gandolfo. Classes are held in the fall, spring and summer for Walsh students.<ref>[http://www.walsh.edu/romeexperience.htm Walsh.edu] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527154114/http://www.walsh.edu/romeexperience.htm |date=2010-05-27}}</ref>

== Events ==
* The feast of the patron saint, [[Saint Sebastian|St. Sebastian (San Sebastiano)]], is celebrated on the first weekend of September, though the feast of this saint is marked on the calendar on 20 January; the festival concludes with fireworks over the lake.
* The village celebrates [[St. Paul]] and St. Mary Ausiliatrice on the last Sunday of May.
* The local market takes place on Friday mornings.
* Festival of Peaches, held on the last Sunday of July with organized cultural, entertainment, and sporting events.
* March for Peace, established by Municipal Statute in the month of January of each year.
* Premio "Città di Castel Gandolfo", a prize to personalities, bodies, and associations that bring the city prestige and better quality of life or have distinguished themselves in any branch of culture, sport or human knowledge.
* Castel Gandolfo Fotografia, photography competition established in 2007.

== Frazioni ==
[[File:Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot 007.jpg|right|thumb|Castel Gandolfo by [[Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot]] (1826)]]
[[Pavona]] was centered around a tavern on the way to [[Nettuno]] and the villa of Cardinal Flavio Chigi (1631–1693), nephew of Pope Alexander VII. The place was urbanized during the 20th century, thanks to the opening of the railway Roma-Velletri, and today is divided between the municipalities of Castel Gandolfo, Albano Laziale and Rome. The part castle, known as Pavona Pond due to the above-named for Round Pond, has about 3,000 inhabitants and has as its patron saint St. Eugene III of Toledo.

Mole di Castel Gandolfo, divided in part by the town of Albano Laziale, owes their name to the presence in the place of ancient mass fed by the waters of the Emissary of Lake Albano, which were used until the 19th century by the inhabitants of Castel Gandolfo and Albano Laziale to crush the grain.

== Economy ==
In all the municipalities in the [[Alban Hills]], agriculture, and particularly [[Viticulture|wine production]], has always been the main economic voice and employer. Wines include the Frascati, the Marino, the Velletri and the [[Lanuvio|Colli Lanuvini]].

The production of wine is maintained by major producers such as Cantina Sociale Gotto d'Oro of Marino and Frascati, which is based in the nearby town of Castelluccia, and the [[Wine]] Cellar Social Albano Laziale and Ariccia, based in Fontana di Papa.

== Services ==
Municipal Statute prohibits installation of equipment and systems, fixed telecommunication and radio devices, particularly equipment for [[radio]], [[television]] and [[mobile telephony]], and systems for radio amateurs. This prohibition is exempt for military installations, civil protection and forest protection.<ref name="autogenerated2">Statuto Comunale di Castel Gandolfo, articolo 17 Statuto del Comune di Castel Gandolfo</ref>

Most services such as hospitals or cinemas are based outside the city in larger centers like Marino, Frascati, Albano Laziale and Genzano di Roma. However, these centres are all reached by car or public transport. In return, the city is commercially very lively, thanks to the continuous influx of Italian tourists and foreigners linked to the presence of the Papal Palace and, at certain times, of the [[Pope]].<ref name="autogenerated2" />

=== Transport ===
[[File:Castel Gandolfo train station 20141006.jpg|thumb|Castel Gandolfo station]]
The territory of Albano is crossed by two [[Railway line|railway lines]], belonging to the [[FL4 (Lazio regional railways)|FL4]] of the [[FL lines]].
<br />[[File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL4.svg|link=FL4 (Lazio regional railways)|30px]] [[Lazio regional railways]]:
* ''Rome-Albano railway''; built starting from [[1881]] by decree of [[Umberto I of Italy|Umberto I of Savoy]], was inaugurated in [[1889]], until [[1927]] it continued towards [[Cecchina]] and [[Nettuno]]. Totally 28.41 kilometers long, it crosses the municipality of Castel Gandolfo serving it with the Villetta station, partially falling within the territory of [[Albano Laziale]], and with the Castel Gandolfo station; it ensures a connection with [[Rome]] and with the municipalities of [[Ciampino]], [[Marino, Lazio|Marino]] and Albano Laziale.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lestradeferrate.it/mono60.htm|title=La ferrovia Roma - Albano Laziale - Campoleone - Anzio - Nettuno|website=lestradeferrate.it|language=it}}</ref>
* ''Rome-Velletri Railway''; inaugurated by [[Pope Pius IX]] in [[1863]], it was the third [[railway line]] of the [[Papal State]], and until [[1892]] it continued towards [[Valmontone]] and [[Naples]]. Totally 41.01 kilometers long, it crosses the municipality of Castel Gandolfo serving it with the [[Pavona]] stations, actually included in the municipality of Albano Laziale; ensures a connection with [[Rome]] and with the municipalities of Ciampino, Marino, Albano Laziale, [[Ariccia]], [[Genzano di Roma]], [[Lanuvio]] and [[Velletri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lestradeferrate.it/mono53.htm|title=La ferrovia Roma-Velletri-Priverno-Terracina|website=lestradeferrate.it|language=it}}</ref>

Castel Gandolfo is also connected by the following roads:

*[[File:Strada Statale 7 Italia.svg|40px]] [[Strada statale 7 Via Appia]];
*[[File:Strada Statale 140 Italia.svg|40px]] Strada statale 140 del Lago Albano;
*[[File:Strada Statale 207 Italia.svg|40px]] Strada statale 207 Nettunense (SS 207);
*[[File:Strada Provinciale 216 Italia.svg|40px]] [[Provincial road (Italy)|Strada provinciale]] 216 Maremmana III (SP 216);
*[[File:Strada Statale 217 Italia.svg|40px]] [[Regional road (Italy)|Strada regionale]] 217 Via dei Laghi (SR 217).

Inside the [[Palace of Castel Gandolfo|Pontifical Villa]] there is a [[heliport]] used by the Pope for his air travel from the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] to Castel Gandolfo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/papa-benedetto-xvi-lo-ha-accolto-a-eliporto/35305780|title=Papa: Benedetto XVI lo ha accolto a eliporto|trans-title=Pope: [[Benedict XVI]] welcomed him at the heliport|publisher=swissinfo.ch|language=it|date=23 March 2013}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="180">
File:Caastelgandolfo06.JPG|[[Thoroughfare]] in Castel Gandolfo
File:Lago Albano di Castel Gandolfo in 2020.01.jpg|Aquatic facilities on [[Lake Albano]]
File:Giardini del Belvedere Giardino degli Specchi Castel Gandolfo 20141006.jpg|Giardini del Belvedere - Barberini Gardens
File:Piazzale Quadrato - Barberini Gardens - Castel Gandolfo - DSC04379.jpg|Piazzale Quadrato - Barberini Gardens
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Castel Gandolfo is one of the most popular tourist town of the [[Roman Castles]]. Regular groups of Italian and foreign tourists utilize all of the parking built specifically for tourists. On the occasion of Angelus or the hearings on the Pope during his stay, many foreign pilgrims arrive in town, so that the streets and squares in the center are filled. However, [[Pope Francis]] gave up his papal residency not long after opening up the doors of the Apostolic Castle to the general public.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://aleteia.org/2016/10/24/pope-francis-gives-up-papal-summer-residence-at-castel-gandolfo/|title=Pope Francis gives up papal summer residence at Castel Gandolfo|access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref>

== Sports ==
For the [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960 XVII Olympiad]] held in Rome, the Italian Olympic Committee built the Olympic Stadium and the Federal Center for Canoeing and Kayaking on Lake Albano. At this stage the races were held in this discipline, and even today{{when|date=April 2013}} the Italian Federation of Canoe / Kayak considers this one of its most important training sites.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

=== Canoeing/kayaking ===
Since 1960, Lake Albano has been used for Olympic competitions for the sport.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} Currently, the Master Line Canoeing Sports Association, active since 2005, scored important achievements to promote the sport. Another school of kayaking is held by the ASD Polisportiva Giovanile Salesiana Castel Gandolfo. Prominent clubs currently running kayaking, dragon boat and canoeing activities are ASD Aisa Sport and Circolo Kayak Castel Gandolfo.

=== Football===
Castel Gandolfo has had an amateur football club since 2005 at Oratory Parish St. Thomas of Villanova which organizes friendly matches with other teams in the area.

=== Golf ===
In the 1970s, Castel Gandolfo Country Club opened in Pavona. The complex is located in the crater of the ancient dried up lake and in the ancient villa of Cardinal Flavio Chigi.

=== Rugby ===
The league includes youth ranging from Under 6 to 16, a senior women's team, a men's and a senior men's team. The latter, formed in 2009, playing in the regional championship of the C series (season 2009/2010).

==International relations==

=== Twin towns — sister cities ===
Castel Gandolfo is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following cities:
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Châteauneuf-du-Pape]], [[France]]
* {{flagicon|MRI}} [[Curepipe]], [[Mauritius]]

== People ==
* [[Massimo d'Azeglio]] (1798‒1866), statesman and diarist
* [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza|Pietro Savorgnan di Brazzà]] (1852–1905), explorer

== See also ==
* [[Alban Hills]]
* [[Pavona]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.comune.castelgandolfo.rm.it/ Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308035444/http://www.comune.castelgandolfo.rm.it/ |date=2013-03-08 }}
* [http://www.prontocastelli.it/castelgandolfo/foto.php Castel Gandolfo photos]

{{Province of Rome}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Castel Gandolfo| ]]
[[Category:Castelli Romani]]
[[Category:Borghi più belli d'Italia]]