View source for Catharine Parr Traill

{{short description|English-Canadian author and botanical artist}}
{{about|the English-Canadian author and naturalist|the British Queen Consort of King Henry VIII|Catherine Parr}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}

{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = Catharine Parr Traill
| image = Catharine_Parr_Traill.jpg
| caption = Catharine Parr Traill, Canadian settler and author
| birth_name = Catharine Parr Strickland
| birth_date = {{birth date|1802|1|9|df=y}}
| birth_place= [[Southwark]], [[England]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1899|8|29|1802|1|12|df=y}}
| death_place= [[Selwyn, Ontario|Lakefield]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| occupation = Author, naturalist
| genre = Children's and Settler Literature
}}

'''Catharine Parr Traill'''<ref name=":3">{{Cite encyclopedia |first1=Marian |last1=Fowler |first2=Erin |last2=James-Abra 
 |date=11 February 2019|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/index.php/en/article/catharine-parr-traill|title=Catharine Parr Traill |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216140255/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/index.php/en/article/catharine-parr-traill|url-status=live}}</ref> (born '''Strickland'''; 9 January 1802 – 29 August 1899) was an [[English-Canadian]] author and naturalist who wrote about life in [[Canada]], particularly what is now [[Ontario]] (then the colony of [[Upper Canada]]). In the 1830s, [[Canada]] covered an area considerably smaller than today. At the time, most of Upper Canada had not been explored by European settlers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP7CH1PA3LE.html|title=The Countryside of the Two Canadas|date=2001|website=Canada: a people's history|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706075419/http://www.cbc.ca:80/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP7CH1PA3LE.html |archive-date=6 July 2011 }}</ref>

Throughout her long life, Traill wrote to generate income in support of her family.<ref name=":3" /> She wrote 24 books covering topics ranging from her life as a settler in Ontario to natural history, especially botany. Traill is considered a pioneer of Canada's natural history.<ref name=":3" /> Through her writing, she related the colonial experience and described the natural environment of [[Upper Canada]] for English readers.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Scientists anonymous : great stories of women in science|first=Patricia|last=Fara|date=2007|publisher=Icon|isbn=9781840468403|location=Thriplow|oclc=137222064}}</ref>

Traill is considered an amateur [[Botany|botanist]], because at the time, it was not possible for women to hold professional, paid positions.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780228013464 |title=Flora's Fieldworkers |date=2022-08-09 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |doi=10.1515/9780228013464 |isbn=978-0-2280-1346-4 |editor-last=Shteir |editor-first=Ann}}</ref>

==Early years==
[[File:Mrs Catherine Parr Traill by Topley.JPG|thumb|right|Mrs Catharine Parr Traill by [[William James Topley]]]]
Catharine Parr Strickland was born in the district of [[Rotherhithe]] in [[Southwark]] (then in [[Surrey]], today part of [[Greater London]]) in 1802, fifth child out of eight, of Thomas Strickland and Elizabeth Homer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite DCB |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/strickland_catharine_parr_12E.html |title=Strickland, Catharine Parr |first=Michael A. |last=Peterman |volume=12}}</ref> Catharine had four older sisters - Elizabeth, Agnes, Sarah and Jane Margaret - and a younger sister, Susanna, as well as two younger brothers, Samuel and Thomas.<ref name=":3"/>

Traill's father retired from his position as manager of the Greenland Docks on the [[River Thames]] and moved the family to the countryside in Suffolk, shortly after her birth.<ref name=":3" /> She grew up in East Anglia, first near [[Bungay]], and later [[Southwold]] and was educated at home.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iblessyouinmyhea0000trai/page/3|title=I bless you in my heart : selected correspondence of Catharine Parr Traill|last=Traill|first=Catharine Parr Strickland|date=1996|publisher=University of Toronto Press|others=Ballstadt, Carl, 1931-, Hopkins, Elizabeth, BA., Peterman, Michael A., 1942-|isbn=0802008372|location=Toronto|pages=[https://archive.org/details/iblessyouinmyhea0000trai/page/3 3]|oclc=36640963}}</ref> After Thomas Strickland died in 1818, Catharine and her sisters turned to writing and editorial work as the main source of family income.<ref name=":1" />

==Career==
Sister to fellow authors [[Agnes Strickland]], [[Jane Margaret Strickland]], [[Susanna Moodie]], and Elisabeth Strickland, Traill was the first of her siblings to commence writing.<ref>{{cite ODNB |first=Rosemary |last=Mitchell |title=Strickland, Agnes (1796–1874) |id=26663}}</ref> She began writing children's books in 1818 after the death of her father. Traill's first book ''The tell tale'': ''an original collection of moral and amusing stories'' appeared anonymously in 1818; she was only 16.<ref name=":0" /> Her early works, such as ''Disobedience, or Mind What Mama Says'' (1819) and "Happy Because Good", were written for children, and often dwell on the benefits of obedience to one's parents. A prolific author, until her marriage she averaged one book per year. In 1832, she married Lieutenant Thomas Traill, a retired officer of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] and a friend of her sister's husband, John Moodie, despite objections from her family (aside from Susanna). Soon after their marriage, they left for [[Upper Canada]], settling near [[Peterborough, Ontario|Peterborough]], where her brother Samuel was a surveyor. Her sister, Mrs. Susanna Moodie, emigrated soon afterwards.

Traill described her new life in letters and journals and collected these into ''The Backwoods of Canada'' (1836), which continues to be read as an important source of information about early Canada. She describes everyday life in the community, the relationship between Canadians, Americans, and [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous peoples]], the climate, and local flora and fauna. 
[[File:Agnes Chamberlin May-apple.jpg|thumb|[[Agnes Dunbar Moodie Fitzgibbon|Agnes Chamberlin]]'s watercolour painting for ''Studies of Plant Life in Canada'', by Catherine Parr Traill]]
Traill included further observations in a novel, ''[[Canadian Crusoes]]'' (1851). She also collected information about the skills necessary for a new settler, published in ''The Female Emigrant's Guide'' (1854), later retitled ''[http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/lac-bac/results/lib?FormName=AMICUS+Simple+Search&PageNum=1&SortSpec=score+desc&Language=eng&QueryParser=lac_amicus&Sources=amicus&SearchIn_1=&SearchInText_1=The+Canadian+Settler%27s+Guide&Operator_1=AND&SearchIn_2=&Sear The Canadian Settler's Guide]''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/719994672.html|title=The Canadian settler's guide|date=1855|publisher=publisher not identified|isbn=978-0-659-99467-7|location=Toronto?|language=English|oclc=1042017396|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307233552/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=aeu.ark:/13960/t1jh4b87t|url-status=live}}</ref> She wrote  "Pearls and Pebbles" and "Cot and Cradle Stories".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of world biography.|date=2004|publisher=Gale Research|others=Gale Research Inc.|isbn=0-7876-2221-4|edition=2nd|location=Detroit|oclc=37813530}}</ref>

After the depression of 1836, Traill's husband Thomas joined the militia in 1837 to fight against the [[Upper Canada Rebellion]]. In 1840, dissatisfied with life in "the backwoods," both the Traills and the Moodies moved to the city of [[Belleville, Ontario]]. While Susanna was more concerned with the differences between rural and urban life, Catharine spent her years in Belleville writing about the natural environment. She often sketched the plant life of Upper Canada, publishing ''Canadian Wild Flowers'' (1868), ''Studies of Plant Life in Canada'' (1885) and "Rambles in the Canadian Forest".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gray|first=Charlotte|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TuFQjQZEfwUC&q=%22catherine+parr+traill%22|title=Sisters in the Wilderness: The Lives of Susanna Moodie And Catherine Parr Traill|date=2008-06-03|publisher=Penguin Canada|isbn=978-0-14-318130-9|language=en|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307233550/https://books.google.com/books?id=TuFQjQZEfwUC&q=%22catherine+parr+traill%22|url-status=live}}</ref>

She received a grant c. 1899 from the Royal Bounty Fund, which was supplemented by a subscription from her friends in Canada, headed by Sir [[Sandford Fleming]]. She died at her residence, "Westove," in [[Lakefield, Ontario]] on 28 August 1899.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Morgan |editor-first=Henry James |editor-link=Henry James Morgan |title=Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada |location=Toronto |publisher=Williams Briggs |date=1903 |url=https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft |page=[https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft/page/334 334]}}</ref>

Her many albums of plant collections are housed in the National Herbarium of Canada at the [[Canadian Museum of Nature]].

===Recognition===
[[Trent University]], in [[Peterborough, Ontario]], named their downtown campus after her.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trentu.ca/colleges/traill|title=Catharine Parr Traill College - Colleges - Trent University|website=www.trentu.ca|access-date=2020-02-16|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918145404/https://www.trentu.ca/colleges/traill|url-status=live}}</ref> Catharine Parr Traill College is the university's main college for graduate studies.

===Commemorative postage stamp===
On 8 September 2003, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the [[National Library of Canada]], [[Canada Post]] released a special commemorative series, "The Writers of Canada", designed by Katalina Kovats and featuring two English-Canadian and two French-Canadian stamps. Three million stamps were issued. Traill and her sister [[Susanna Moodie]] were featured on one of the English-Canadian stamps.<ref>"[http://www.canadapost.ca/cpo/mc/personal/collecting/stamps/archives/2003/2003_sept_library.jsf 50th Anniversary of the National Library / Canadian Authors] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923135433/http://www.canadapost.ca/cpo/mc/personal/collecting/stamps/archives/2003/2003_sept_library.jsf |date=23 September 2009 }}," Canada Post, Web, 28 March 2011.</ref>

==Selected bibliography==
* ''The Tell Tale'' – 1818<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr Strickland|url=http://archive.org/details/telltaleoriginal00traiiala|title=The tell-tale : an original collection of moral and amusing stories|date=1823|publisher=London : Harris and Son, St. Paul's Church-Yard, Printed by Cox and Baylis, Great Queen Street)|others=University of California Libraries}}</ref>
* ''Disobedience'' – 1819
* ''Reformation'' – 1819
* ''Nursery Fables'' – 1821<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr Strickland|url=https://archive.org/details/fablesfornursery00traiiala|title=Fables for the nursery: original and select|date=1846|publisher=Grant and Griffith, successors to J. Harris, corner of St. Paul's Churchyard|location=London|language=English|oclc=259977211}}</ref>
* ''Little Downy'' – 1822<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Moodie|first1=Susanna|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/720297071.html|title=Little Downy, or, The history of a field-mouse: a moral tale.|last2=Traill|first2=Catherine Parr|date=1822|publisher=Printed for Dean and Munday|location=London|isbn=9780665421389 |language=English|oclc=1042059412|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307233553/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=aeu.ark:/13960/t4jm33197|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''The Flower-Basket'' – 1825
* ''Prejudice Reproved'' – 1826
* ''The Young Emigrants'' – 1826<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr|url=http://archive.org/details/youngemigrantsor00trai_0|title=The young emigrants, or, Pictures of Canada : calculated to amuse and instruct the minds of youth|date=1826|publisher=London : Harvey and Darton|others=Fisher - University of Toronto}}</ref>
* ''The Juvenile Forget-Me-Not'' – 1827
*The Step Brothers – 1828<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr Strickland|url=https://archive.org/details/stepbrotherstale00traiiala|title=The step-brothers, a tale|date=1828|publisher=Printed for Harvey and Darton, Gracechurch-street|location=London|language=English|oclc=263166195}}</ref>
* ''The Keepsake Guineas'' – 1828
* ''Amendment'' – 1828
* ''Sketches from Nature'' – 1830
* ''Sketch Book of a Young Naturalist'' – 1831
* ''Narratives of Nature'' – 1831<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr Strickland|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100592646|title=Narratives of nature, and history book for young naturalists|publisher=Edward Lacey|series=History book for young naturalists.|location=London|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209133855/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100592646|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Strickland|first=Agnes|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/154731|title=Narratives of nature, and history book for young naturalists.|date=1845|publisher=E. Lacey|location=London|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.154731|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225041825/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/154731|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''The Backwoods of Canada'' – 1836<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr|url=https://archive.org/details/backwoodsofcanad00trai_1|title=The backwoods of Canada: being letters from the wife of an emigrant officer, illustrative of the domestic economy of British America. 4th Edition|date=1839|publisher=C. Knight|location=London|language=English|oclc=1041067827}}</ref>
* ''[[Canadian Crusoes]]'' – 1852<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Traill|first1=Catherine Parr|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/719932676.html|title=Canadian Crusoes: a tale of the Rice Lake plains|last2=Strickland|first2=Agnes|date=1859|publisher=A. Hall, Virtue|isbn=978-0-665-27539-5|location=London|language=English|oclc=1042007345|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307233553/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=aeu.ark:/13960/t5m90vh4v|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''The Female Emigrant's Guide – 1854<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/720293223.html|title=The female emigrant's guide, and hints on Canadian housekeeping|date=1854|publisher=Maclear|location=Toronto, C.W. [Ont.|isbn=9780665414176 |language=English|oclc=1045375963|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307233625/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=aeu.ark:/13960/t6543j26x|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Lady Mary and Her Nurse'' – 1856<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/716928072.html|title=Lady Mary and her nurse, or, A peep into the Canadian forest|date=1856|publisher=A. Hall, Virtue|location=London|isbn=9780665187285 |language=English|oclc=1042019985|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307233555/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=aeu.ark:/13960/t88g9727w|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Canadian Wild Flowers'' – 1868, with illustrations by [[Agnes Dunbar Moodie Fitzgibbon]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Traill|first1=Catherine Parr Strickland|title=North American wild flowers|last2=Fitzgibbon|first2=Agnes|publisher=J. Lovell|year=1868|isbn=9780665014482|location=Montréal|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.38665|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85987|access-date=18 May 2021|archive-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308115050/http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85987|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''Afar in the Forest; or, Pictures of Life and Scenery in the Wilds of Canada'' – 1869<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr Strickland|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100267258|title=Afar in the forest, or, Pictures of life and scenery in the wilds of Canada|date=1869|publisher=T. Nelson|isbn=978-0-665-37483-8|series=CIHM/ICMH Microfiche series <nowiki>=</nowiki> CIHM/ICMH collection de microfiches; no. 37483|location=London; Edinburgh|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307233552/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100267258|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Studies of plant life in Canada, or, Gleanings from forest, lake and plain'' – 1885<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traill|first=Catherine Parr Strickland|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/66752|title=Studies of plant life in Canada wild flowers, flowering shrubs, and grasses /|date=1906|publisher=W. Briggs|isbn=978-0-665-86908-2|edition=New and rev.|location=Toronto|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.66752|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=23 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223210750/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/66752|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Pearls and Pebbles or Notes of an Old Naturalist'' – 1894<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Traill|first1=Catherine Parr Strickland|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/55062|title=Pearls and pebbles; or, Notes of an old naturalist.|last2=FitzGibbon|first2=Mary Agnes|publisher=S. Low, Marston|year=1895|location=London|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.55062|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=29 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029230531/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/55062|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Traill, Catherine Parr Strickland, (1996). ''I bless you in my heart : selected correspondence of Catharine Parr Traill''. Ballstadt, Carl, 1931-, Hopkins, Elizabeth, BA., Peterman, Michael A., 1942-. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p.&nbsp;3. {{ISBN|0802008372}}. [[OCLC]] 36640963.
* ''Cot and Cradle Stories'' – 1895<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Traill|first1=Catherine Parr|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/716988558.html|title=Cot and cradle stories|last2=FitzGibbon|first2=Mary Agnes|series=CIHM/ICMH Microfiche series (CIHM/ICMH collection de microfiches) no. 34022 |date=1895|publisher=W. Briggs (Toronto); C.W. Coates (Montreal); S.F. Huestis (Halifax)|location=Toronto; Montreal; Halifax, Nova Scotia|isbn=9780665340222 |language=English|oclc=1041975686|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307233624/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=aeu.ark:/13960/t52f8g95j|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Peterman|first=Michael A.|date=1989-11-30|title=Catharine Parr Traill|url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&sw=w&issn=10968547&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CH1200004445&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs|journal=Canadian Writers Before 1890|language=English|access-date=9 February 2020|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307233605/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&sw=w&issn=10968547&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CH1200004445&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs&userGroupName=anon%7Ea1cdb365|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{DSB|first=Marianne Gosztonyi|last=Ainley|title= Traill, Catharine Parr|volume=25|pages=78–80}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Catherine Parr Traill}}
* [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/moodie-traill/index-e.html Information about Traill and her sister Moodie from the ''Libraries and Archives Canada''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060127230713/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/moodie-traill/index-e.html |date=27 January 2006 }}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=2715| name=Catharine Parr Strickland Traill}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Traill, Catharine Parr|name=Catharine Parr Traill|author=yes}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Catharine Parr Traill}}
* {{Librivox author |id=4369}}
* {{Find a Grave|7287152}}
* Traill, Catherine Parr Strickland.
**[http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-37131055364673D&R=DC-37131055364673D The Canadian Crusoes; a tale of the Rice Lake plains]. New York : C.S. Francis & Co., 1853. Accessed 18 July 2012, in PDF format.
**[http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-37131055380711D&R=DC-37131055380711D The female emigrant's guide, and hints on Canadian housekeeping] (also published under title: [http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-37131055419964D&R=DC-37131055419964D The Canadian settler's guide] (1855).). Toronto, C.W. : Maclear & Co., 1854. Accessed 18 July 2012, in PDF format.
**[http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-37131055359186D&R=DC-37131055359186D The Canadian emigrant housekeeper's guide]. Toronto : Lovell & Gibson, 1862. Accessed 18 July 2012, in PDF format. (Includes some of the material in The female emigrant's guide, with an appendix of official information and statistics to 1861.)
* [http://chamberlin.library.utoronto.ca/%20|The%20Chamberlin%20Digital%20Collection%20with%20botanical%20illustrations%20by%20Catherine%20Parr%20Traill The Chamberlin Digital Collection with books and botanical illustrations]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Traill, Catharine Parr}}
[[Category:1802 births]]
[[Category:1899 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian children's writers]]
[[Category:Canadian travel writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Canadian memoirists]]
[[Category:English travel writers]]
[[Category:British women travel writers]]
[[Category:English children's writers]]
[[Category:English emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario]]
[[Category:People from Rotherhithe]]
[[Category:Victorian women writers]]
[[Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)]]
[[Category:Canadian women botanists]]
[[Category:19th-century Canadian novelists]]
[[Category:19th-century Canadian women writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Canadian botanists]]
[[Category:19th-century Canadian women scientists]]
[[Category:19th-century Canadian scientists]]
[[Category:Women naturalists]]
[[Category:Canadian women memoirists]]
[[Category:Canadian women children's writers]]
[[Category:British women children's writers]]
[[Category:Canadian women novelists]]
[[Category:Immigrants to Upper Canada]]
[[Category:19th-century English memoirists]]