View source for Cello (web browser)

{{Short description|Web browser}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Cello WWW Browser
| logo = Cello icon.gif
| logo size = 32
| screenshot = Cello main page.png
| screenshot size = 190
| caption = An [[Internet]] [[web browser|browser]] from the Cornell [[Legal Information Institute]].
| author = [[Thomas R. Bruce]]
| developer = [[Legal Information Institute]] at [[Cornell Law School]]
| released = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1993|06|08}}<ref name=".1 beta release">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalhumanities.org/humanist/Archives/Virginia/v07/0048.html|title=World Wibe Web Browser: Ms-Windows (Beta) (1/149)|last=Brennan|first=Elaine|date=13 June 1993|work=Humanist Archives Vol. 7|access-date=27 March 2010|archive-date=5 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605014308/http://www.digitalhumanities.org/humanist/Archives/Virginia/v07/0048.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| discontinued = yes
| latest release version = 1.01a
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1994|04|16}}
| programming language = [[C++]],<ref name="plans">{{cite web|url=http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0048.html|title=Plans for cello MS-Windows client|last=Bruce|first=Thomas R.|date=12 April 1993|publisher=Cornell Law School|access-date=2 April 2010}}</ref> makes "heavy use of Borland Object Windows libraries"<ref name="internals">{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/History/1993/WWW/Windows/Internals.html|title=Internals|year=1993|work=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|access-date=20 June 2010}}</ref>
| operating system = [[Windows 3.1]] / [[Windows 3.11|3.11]], [[OS/2]],<ref name="ZimmermanEvans1996 OS2">{{Cite book|first1=Scott |last1=Zimmerman|first2=Tim |last2=Evans|title=Building an Intranet with Windows Nt 4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJGcvuzEzekC|access-date=28 March 2010|year=1996|publisher=Sams.net|isbn=978-1-57521-205-0|chapter=Chapter 1: Understanding Web Technologies |chapter-url=http://www.ssuet.edu.pk/taimoor/books/1-57521-137-8/ch1.htm}}</ref> [[Windows NT 3.5]]<ref name="nt35" /><ref name="nt35.2" />
| language = [[English language|English]]
| size = 325 [[kilobytes|kb]]
| genre = [[Web browser]]
| license = [[Shareware]]/[[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| website = {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981203074149/http://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/|title=www.law.cornell.edu}}
}}

'''Cello''' is an early, discontinued graphical [[web browser]] for [[Windows 3.1]]; it was developed by [[Thomas R. Bruce]] of the [[Legal Information Institute]] at [[Cornell Law School]]. It was released as [[shareware]] in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/Clients.html|title=World Wide Web Clients |last=Sendall |first=Mike |date=29 March 1995|publisher=[[W3C]]|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="cello browser">{{cite web|title=The Cello Internet Browser|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/|date=9 April 1994|access-date=28 March 2010|publisher=[[Cornell Law School]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204115016/https://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/ |archive-date=4 February 2005}}</ref> While other browsers ran on various [[Unix]] machines, Cello was the first [[web browser]] for [[Microsoft Windows]], using the [[winsock]] system to access the Internet.<ref name="maxpc">{{cite web|url=http://www.maximumpc.com/article/features/web_browsers|title=Surfing Since 1991: The Evolution of Web Browsers|last=Lilly|first=Paul|date=19 August 2009|publisher=[[MaximumPC]]|page=2|access-date=27 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225095842/http://www.maximumpc.com/article/features/web_browsers|archive-date=25 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/mmedia/handbook/hndbk3.htm|title=3 World-Wide Web Browsers|last=Kelly|first=Brian|work=Running a WWW service|publisher=Computing Service, [[University of Leeds]]|access-date=27 March 2010|archive-date=15 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615154731/http://www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/mmedia/handbook/hndbk3.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/lii.html|title=The Legal Information Institute - A Quick Overview |publisher=[[Legal Information Institute]], [[Cornell University Law School]]|access-date=27 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ron|first=Gustavson|date=August 1996|title=Browsing at large|journal=CD-ROM Professional|volume= 9 |issue= 8|pages=38, 3p|issn=1049-0833}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Notess|first= Greg R.|date=March–April 1995|title=COMPARING WEB BROWSERS: MOSAIC, CELLO, NETSCAPE, WINWEB AND INTERNETWORKS LITE |journal=Online|publisher=Academic Search Premier|volume= 19|issue= 2|pages=36, 4p|issn=0146-5422}}</ref><ref name="1st browser">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.techrepublic.com.com/geekend/?p=1248|title=Geek Trivia: Clear browser history|last=Garmon|first=Jay|date=15 April 2008|work=Geekend|publisher=TechRepublic|page=2|access-date=28 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420223329/http://blogs.techrepublic.com.com/geekend/?p=1248|archive-date=20 April 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to the basic Windows, Cello worked on [[Windows NT 3.5]]<ref name="nt35">{{cite web|url=http://www.wi-inf.uni-essen.de/~schwarze/nt/pppengl.htm|title=NT and NTAS INTERNET SLIP/PPP CONNECTIVITY FAQ|publisher=[[University Duisburg-Essen]]|access-date=28 March 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719102611/http://www.wi-inf.uni-essen.de/~schwarze/nt/pppengl.htm|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="nt35.2">{{cite web|url=http://www.antionline.com/showthread.php?t=250711|title=Newbie Security Questions|last=Christopher|first=Klaus|orig-year=4 August 1997 |date=28 December 2003|publisher=Antionline Forums|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref> and with small modifications on [[OS/2]].<ref name="os2">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Metropoli BBS files - /software/OS2/NETWORKS/|url=http://files.mpoli.fi/software/OS2/NETWORKS/|access-date=2021-01-23|website=files.mpoli.fi}}</ref><ref name="Randall1994" />

Cello was created because of a demand for Web access by lawyers, who were more likely to use [[Microsoft Windows]] than the [[Unix]] [[operating system]]s supporting earlier Web browsers, including the first release of [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]]. The lack of a Windows browser meant many legal experts were unable to access legal information made available in [[hypertext]] on the [[World Wide Web]].<ref name="maxpc" /><ref name="Living Internet">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Web Browser History|url=https://www.livinginternet.com/internet/w/wi_browse.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120213137/http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_browse.htm|archive-date=20 January 2011|access-date=28 March 2010|website=|publisher=Living Internet}}</ref> Cello was popular during 1993/1994, but fell out of favor following the release of [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]] for Windows and [[Netscape Navigator|Netscape]], after which Cello development was abandoned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webtips.dan.info/brand-x/a-g.html|title="Brand-X" Browsers -- Alphabetical List: A-G|last=Tobias|first=Daniel R. |date= 23 December 2009|work=Dan's Web Tips|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://faeriekeeper.net/criteria11.htm|title=A Future of Browsers|year=2010|access-date=28 March 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130004413/http://faeriekeeper.net/criteria11.htm|archive-date=30 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="CanterSiegel1994">{{Cite book|first1=Laurence A. |last1=Canter|first2=Martha S. |last2=Siegel|title=How to make a fortune on the information superhighway: everyone's guerrilla guide to marketing on the Internet and other on-line services|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XXwAAAAMAAJ|access-date=28 March 2010|date=27 October 1994|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|isbn=978-0-06-270131-2|page=117}}</ref><ref name="tech trends">{{Cite journal|last=Descy|first=Don E.|date=September 1994|title=World-Wide Web: adding multimedia to cyberspace|journal=TechTrends|issue=39|pages=15–16|doi=10.1007/BF02818773|s2cid=61562129|issn=8756-3894}}</ref><ref name="windows web browser">{{Cite journal|last=Symoens|first=Jeffrey|date=June 1995|title=Windows Web browsers|journal=PC World|issue= 13|page=125|issn=0737-8939}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Mosaic Quick Tour for Mac|last1=Branwyn|first1=Gareth|last2=Carton|first2=Sean|date=1 August 1995|publisher=Ventana Press|isbn=978-1566042154}}</ref><ref group="A">You can view yahoo browser statistics at https://web.archive.org/web/20021204042351/http://www.cen.uiuc.edu/~ejk/bryl/ which show Cello being used.</ref><ref name="Gay2000">{{Cite book|last=Gay|first=Martin|title=Recent advances and issues in computers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sv7N_JKMPl8C&pg=PA121|access-date=21 July 2010|date=1 June 2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-57356-227-0|page=123}}</ref>

Cello was first publicly released on 8 June 1993.<ref name=".1 beta release" /> A version 2.0 was announced, but development was abandoned. Version 1.01a, 16 April 1994, was the last public release.<ref name="best browser">{{Cite magazine|last1=Hastings|first1=Bryan |first2=Amy Helen |last2=Johnson|date=August 1996|title=Best web browser|magazine=[[PC World (magazine)|PC World]]|publisher=MasterFILE Premier|volume= 14|issue= 8|pages=136, 7p|issn=0737-8939}}</ref><ref name="Cello 2.0">{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/comments.html#CELLOINFO|title=Communicating with the LII |publisher=[[Cornell University Law School]]|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref> Since then, the [[Legal Information Institute]] at [[Cornell Law School]] has licensed the Cello 2.0 source code, which has been used to develop [[commercial software]].<ref name="Cello 2.0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/papers/liirptf.htm|title=The Legal Information Institute - 1995-96 Activities and Future Plans|first1=Thomas R. |last1=Bruce|first2=Peter W. |last2=Martin|date=May 1996|publisher=[[Legal Information Institute]]|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.law.cornell.edu/blog/2008/06/16/did-you-know-2/|title=Did you know?|work=LII Announce|publisher=Cornell University Law School|access-date=2 April 2010}}</ref>

The browser is no longer available from its original homepage.<ref group="A">The original cello site at https://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/cellotop.html is no longer up. The original ftp site at ftp://ftp.law.cornell.edu/pub/LII/Cello{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} is no longer up. The original gopher server at gopher.law.cornell.edu:70/11/listservs/cellol/ is no longer up.</ref> However, it can still be downloaded from [[Web mirror|mirror sites]].<ref group="A">Cello can still be downloaded at https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/cello {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421165810/https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/cello |date=21 April 2021 }} .</ref>

==Development and history==
[[File:Cello old.gif|thumb|The icon prior to version 1]]
The development of Cello started in 1992, with beta versions planned for June 1993 and a release for July 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/News/9305.html|title=May World-Wide Web News|work=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|access-date=8 June 2010}}</ref><ref name="Sheppard2007">{{Cite book|first=Steve |last=Sheppard|title=The history of legal education in the United States: commentaries and primary sources|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQgrjw9qiqcC&pg=PA1186|access-date=28 March 2010|date=April 2007|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-58477-690-1|page=1186}}</ref><ref name="pioneering">{{cite web|url=http://1997.webhistory.org/historyday/abstracts.html|title=WEB HISTORY DAY: PIONEERING SOFTWARE AND SITES|publisher=[[The World Wide Web History Project]]|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref> It was publicly announced on 12 April 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0048.html|title=Plans for cello MS-Windows client|last=Bruce|first=Thomas R.|date=12 April 1993|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref>

The [[Legal Information Institute]] at [[Cornell Law School]] created the first law site on the
Internet in 1992 and the first legal [[website]] in 1993. However, at the time, there were no [[web browser]]s for the [[Microsoft Windows]] operating system, which was used by most lawyers. Thus, to allow lawyers to use their website, the Legal Information Institute developed the first Windows-based Web browser.<ref name="Ambrogi2004">{{Cite book|first=Robert J. |last=Ambrogi|title=The essential guide to the best (and worst) legal sites on the Web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4oETB8_EbIC|access-date=28 March 2010|date=1 June 2004|publisher=ALM Publishing|isbn=978-1-58852-117-0|page=22|chapter=Chapter 3: The Best (and Worst) Legal Sites on the Web|chapter-url=http://www.law.com/pdf/sfb/WorstCh03.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Okin2005">{{cite book|first=J. R. |last=Okin|title=The information revolution: the not-for-dummies guide to the history, technology, and use of the World Wide Web|url=https://archive.org/details/informationrevol0000okin|url-access=registration |access-date=2 April 2010|date=30 September 2005|publisher=Ironbound Press|isbn=978-0-9763857-3-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/informationrevol0000okin/page/95 95]}}</ref><ref name="Reilly2003">{{Cite book|first=Edwin D. |last=Reilly|title=Milestones in computer science and information technology|url=https://archive.org/details/milestonesincomp0000reil|url-access=registration |access-date=2 April 2010|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-57356-521-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/milestonesincomp0000reil/page/33 33]}}</ref> This was made possible by a grant from the [[National Center for Automated Information Research]].<ref group ="A">This can be seen in the "About Cello" dialog in Cello. It is also stated in the "Notices, Acknowledgments, Disclaimers" section of the included .hlp file in Cello.</ref>

Although other browsers at the time were based on [[CERN]]'s WWW libraries called [[libwww]], PCs of the time were not powerful enough to run the UNIX-oriented code.<ref name="pioneering"/> As a result, Thomas Bruce had to rewrite most of the WWW libraries to work on [[Microsoft Windows]].<ref name="pioneering"/> Unlike most commercial browsers at that time, Cello used none of [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]]'s source code and thus had a different look and feel.<ref name="Shang-Chul Pak">{{cite thesis |last1=Pak |first1=Sean Sang-Chul |title=Scheme for identifying and describing behavioral innovations embodied in computer programs |date=1996 |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |hdl=1721.1/40608 |type=Thesis }}</ref><ref name="Vaughan-Nichols1995">{{Cite book|last=Vaughan-Nichols|first=Steven J.|title=Inside the World Wide Web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3IMV7TgH-igC|access-date=4 June 2010|date=September 1995|publisher=New Riders |isbn=978-1-56205-412-0|pages=186–187}}</ref>

Steven Sinofsky, president of the [[Windows (operating system)|Windows]] division at [[Microsoft]] wrote in a June 1994 email: ''We do not currently plan on any other client software [in the upcoming release of Windows 95], especially something like Mosaic or Cello.''<ref name="antitrust doj">{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/f2600/2613-1.htm|title=U.S. v. Microsoft: Proposed Findings of Fact|work=Civil Action No. 98-1232 (TPJ) |publisher=US DOJ|access-date=10 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/Justice-counters-MS-claims/2100-1001_3-205644.html|title=Justice counters MS claims|last=Goodin |first=Dan |date=20 November 1997|publisher=CNET News |access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Browser Memos Pose Challenge To Microsoft |first=Steve |last=Lohr |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/05/business/browser-memos-pose-challenge-to-microsoft.html|work=The New York Times|date=5 November 1998 |access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="wired1">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/1998/08/14304|title=Justice: MS Floating 'Old Ideas'|last= Scoblionkov|first=Deborah|date=7 August 1998|magazine=Wired|access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref> Nevertheless, on 11 January 1995, Microsoft announced that it had licensed the Mosaic technology from [[Spyglass, Inc.|Spyglass]], which it would use to create [[Internet Explorer]].<ref name="wired1" /> On 15 August 1995, [[Microsoft]] debuted its own web browser [[Internet Explorer 1]] for [[Windows 95]]. While it did not ship with the original release of Windows 95, it shipped with Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95.

==Usage==
When released in 1993, Cello was the only browser for the [[Microsoft Windows]] platform. Shortly after launch, Cello was being downloaded at a rate of 500 copies per day.<ref name="GilliesCailliau2000">{{Cite book|first1=James |last1=Gillies|first2=R. |last2=Cailliau|title=How the Web was born: the story of the World Wide Web|url=https://archive.org/details/howwebwasbornsto00gill|url-access=registration |access-date=2 April 2010|date=1 September 2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-286207-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/howwebwasbornsto00gill/page/235 235]}}</ref> As such, it achieved a fair amount of use and recognition within the legal community, including a number of PC users with between 150,000 and 200,000 users.<ref name="pioneering"/> In 1994, most websites were visited using either the Cello browser or the Mosaic browser.<ref name="practical internet">{{Cite book | last = Kasser | first = Barbara | title = Practical Internet | publisher = Knopf Books for Young Readers | location = New York | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-7897-2226-3 | page = [https://archive.org/details/practicalinterne00kass/page/19 19] | url = https://archive.org/details/practicalinterne00kass/page/19 }}</ref> Despite having fewer features than Mosaic, Cello continued to be used due to its simpler interface and lower system requirements.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aloha.net/hol/html/wsckrvu.html |title=Winsock Client Software Reviews |access-date=2017-08-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961220095033/http://www.aloha.net/hol/html/wsckrvu.html#wwwb |archive-date=20 December 1996}}. Retrieved 2014-03-17.</ref> Cello was praised for being easy to install, because it wasn't necessary to install [[Win32s]] or a TCP/IP stack for Windows 3.1.<ref name="adahome">{{cite web|last=Wheeler|first=David A.|title=Information on How to Download Lovelace|url=http://www.adahome.com/Tutorials/Lovelace/download.htm|access-date=26 July 2010|date=5 October 1996}}</ref> Following the release of [[Windows 95]], which offered a much better TCP/IP interface, Cello fell into disuse and was abandoned.<ref name="practical internet"/><ref>{{Cite book | last = IV | first = Louis | title = Microsoft Windows Dna Exposed | publisher = Knopf Books for Young Readers | location = New York | year = 1999 | isbn = 978-0-672-31561-9 | page = [https://archive.org/details/microsoftwindows00loui/page/13 13] | url = https://archive.org/details/microsoftwindows00loui/page/13 }}</ref>

By 1995, Cello, like the Mosaic browser, was overshadowed by two newer browsers — [[Netscape Navigator|Netscape]] and Internet Explorer — and fell into disuse.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1145/286238.286240|title=Who won the Mosaic War?|year=1998|last1=Berghel|first1=Hal|journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=41|page=13|issue=10|s2cid=14458048|doi-access=free}}<!--|access-date=30 March 2010--></ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Windows Sockets (Winsock) Apps - winter15.zip|url=http://cd.textfiles.com/cica/cica9603/disk2/disc2/winsock/00_index.htm|access-date=2021-01-23|website=cd.textfiles.com}}</ref> By 1999, Cello was considered to be a "historical" browser.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1145/319382.319384|title=Digital village: the cost of having analog executives in a digital world|year=1999|last1=Berghel|first1=Hal|journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=42|page=11|issue=11|s2cid=16651522}}<!--|access-date=30 March 2010--></ref><ref name="Castells2002">{{Cite book|first=Álvaro |last=Castells|title=Internet dictionary: a comprehensive guide to the language of the Web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IkwoO8IUEosC&pg=PA30|access-date=2 April 2010|date=1 November 2002|publisher=Kogan Page Publishers|isbn=978-0-7494-3667-4|page=30}}</ref>

Cello is considered to be one of the early casualties of the first [[browser wars]].<ref name="Kent1999">{{Cite book |first=Allen |last=Kent|author-link=Allen Kent |title=Encyclopedia of library and information science|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0UHXl5cEAEC&pg=PA50|access-date=2 April 2010|date=29 June 1999|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8247-2064-3|page=50}}</ref>

==Features==
Cello had the following features:<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1145/234173.234177|title=The client's side of the World-Wide Web|year=1996|last1=Berghel|first1=Hal|journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=39|page=30|s2cid=2003788|doi-access=free}}<!--|access-date=30 March 2010--></ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|<!-- column start -->
*inline graphics support: [[Graphics Interchange Format|GIF]], [[X BitMap|XBM]], [[PCX]], and [[BMP file format|BMP]].<ref name="version1">{{cite web|url=https://lists.ucdavis.edu/sympa/arc/law-lib/1994-02/msg00198.html|title=Cello v1 released|last=Bruce|first=Thomas R.|date=17 February 1994|publisher=[[University of California]]|access-date=27 March 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609164303/http://lawlibrary.ucdavis.edu/LAWLIB/feb94/0210.html|archive-date=9 June 2011}} Note: to view the original link, click on it, click the anti-spammer button, go back and refresh page</ref><ref name="V.8">{{cite web|url=http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1994q1/0190.html|title=Cello Beta v.8 Released (longish)|last=Bruce |first=Thomas R. |date=5 November 1993|work=WWW-Talk Han-March 1994|access-date=27 March 2010}}</ref>
*[[PostScript]] viewing and sound playing
*File saving and printing.<ref name="version1" />
*Editing support for local files via an external editor. Integration with the HTMLAssistant Windows-based HTML helper/editor.<ref name="version1" />
*File caching ad infinitum using a file-based cache with user-specified "low water mark".<ref name="version1" />
*DDE and OLE drag-and-drop support. Cello can be invoked and controlled through the use of DDE macros in other programs. URL arguments on the command line are also supported.<ref name="version1" />
*"Peek mode", permitting partial retrieval of files of large or unknown size.<ref name="version1" />
*Local file mode for HTML delivery on standalone machines or machines with LAN connections only.<ref name="version1" />
*Support for HTML "mailto:" scheme<ref name="version1" /> with integrated email sending client.<ref name="wwwunleashed">{{cite book|last1=December|last2=Randall|first1=John|first2=Neil|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldwidewebunle00dece/page/21 21]|title=The World Wide Web unleashed|year=1994|publisher=Sams Publishing|isbn=1-57521-040-1|url=https://archive.org/details/worldwidewebunle00dece/page/21}}</ref>
*Support for the full HTML+ ISO-LATIN character set, including specialized legal symbols, foreign characters, etc.<ref name="version1" />
*User-selectable sound players, viewers, editor, and Telnet and TN3270 clients.<ref name="version1" />
*Comprehensive online documentation in Windows Help format.<ref name="version1" />
*Simple user interface.<ref name="version1" />
*Fully extensible support for viewing downloaded files in an unlimited number of PC-binary file formats using the standard Windows Associate... scheme.<ref name="version1" />
* Bookmarks<ref name="Randall1994">{{Cite book|first=Neil |last=Randall|title=Teach yourself the Internet: around the world in 21 days|url=https://archive.org/details/teachyourselfint00rand_0|url-access=registration |access-date=28 March 2010|year=1994|publisher=Sams|isbn=978-0-672-30519-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/teachyourselfint00rand_0/page/211 211]–212}}</ref>
* Local browsing<ref name="Network World1">{{Cite journal|title=Network World|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_gRcEAAAAMBAJ|access-date=28 March 2010|publisher=IDG Network World Inc|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_gRcEAAAAMBAJ/page/n15 19], 22, 24|author1=Inc, I.D.G. Network World|journal=Network World: The Leader in Network Knowledge|date=27 June 1994|issn=0887-7661}}</ref>
* Simpler interface (compared to Mosaic)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Emslie|first=Mike|year=1994|title=Setting up a World Wide Web Server|journal=Computers in Higher Education Economics Review: Cheer|volume= 8|issue= 3|issn=1358-5363|url=http://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/cheer/ch8_3/ch23_p22.htm}}</ref>
}} <!-- Column End -->

Unlike [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]], ''Cello did not have toolbar buttons'',{{Dubious|Cello did have toolbar buttons|date=November 2019}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gj2fWLEtLs8C&q=%22Cello+has+exactly+three+buttons+on+the+toolbar:+Up+(or+Back+in+other+browsers),+Stop,+and+Home%22|title=Genealogy Online|last=Crowe|first=Elizabeth Powell|date=2001|publisher=Osborne/McGraw-Hill|isbn=9780072131147|pages=24|language=en|quote=Cello has exactly three buttons on the toolbar: Up (or Back in other browsers), Stop, and Home.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kgfqnlZVyMoC&q=%22The+toolbar+includes+only+three+buttons%22|title=Navigating the Internet|last1=Smith|first1=Richard James|last2=Gibbs|first2=Mark|last3=McFedries|first3=Paul|date=1995-01-01|publisher=Sams.net|isbn=9780672307188|pages=232|language=en|quote=The "toolbar" includes only three buttons (...)}}</ref> and instead commands were accessed through pull-down menus.<ref name="Shang-Chul Pak" />

;Supported Protocols
Cello supported the following protocols: [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol|HTTP]] 1.0, [[Gopher (protocol)|Gopher]] (but not Gopher+), read-only [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]],<ref name="faq1">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031207053327/http://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/cellofaq.html|archive-date=7 December 2003|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/cellofaq.html|title=FAQ for Cello|last=Bruce|first=Thomas R.|publisher=[[Cornell Law School]]|work=Part 1|access-date=27 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Simple Mail Transfer Protocol|SMTP]] mailing, [[Telnet]],<ref name="faq2" /> [[Usenet]],<ref name="FHEmden">{{cite web|url=http://spot.fho-emden.de/alge/museum/programme.htm|title=Das World Wide Web Museum - Programme|last=Klaassen|first=Gerd|year=2001|publisher=Fachhochschule Emden/Leer|language=de|access-date=27 March 2010}}</ref> [[CCSO Nameserver|CSO/ph/qi]] directly<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaldeliftp.com/Recommendations/gabrwsrtools.html|title=Internet Browser Resources for enjoying Golden Age Radio History|access-date=15 June 2010|archive-date=10 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610114759/http://www.digitaldeliftp.com/Recommendations/gabrwsrtools.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Wide area information server|WAIS]], [[HyTelnet]], [[TechInfo]], [[Archie search engine|Archie]], [[X.500]], [[TN3270]] and a number of others through public gateways.<ref name="cello browser" /><ref name="GilliesCailliau2000"/><ref name="V.8" /><ref name="faq2">{{cite web|title=FAQ For Cello (Part 2)|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/cellocfg.html|access-date=28 March 2010|publisher=[[Cornell Law School]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211194555/http://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/cellocfg.html|archive-date=11 February 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="supported protocls">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/history/marshall/internet/hist_news/histnews_1_6.txt|title=Histnews: The Electronic History Newsletter|date=12 October 1993|work=Vol.1, No.6|access-date=27 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="Kressin1997">{{Cite book|last=Kressin|first=Mark|title=The Internet and the World Wide Web: a time-saving guide for new users|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHzyAAAAMAAJ|access-date=4 June 2010|date=15 January 1997|publisher=Prentice Hall PTR|isbn=978-0-13-493743-4|page=115}}</ref>

;Supported FTP servers
Cello supported the following FTP servers: most Unix servers (including SunOS, System V, and Linux), IBM VM, VMS systems, Windows NT, QVTNet, NCSA/CUTCP/Rutgers PC servers, FTP Software PC server, HellSoft NLM for Novell.<ref name="version1" /><ref name="faq1" />

;Internet Connection
Cello works best with a direct [[Ethernet]] connection, but it also supports [[Serial Line Internet Protocol|SLIP]] and [[Point-to-Point Protocol|PPP]] dialup connections through the use of asynchronous sockets.<ref name="cello browser" /> Cello has an integrated [[Internet Protocol Suite|TCP/IP]] runtime stack.<ref name="adahome" />

==Release history==

The following versions were released:<ref name=".1 beta release" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ '''16-bit Cello Releases'''
|-
! Version
! Date<ref>If no reference is given and dates differ across files, oldest date is taken.</ref>
! Development cycle
! Exe size<ref>Size taken from uncompressed exe file properties. Zip file size not used, because it's changeable (depends on compression method or files inside zip).</ref> (in [[kilobytes|kb]])
! Download
! Notes
|-
| 0.1<ref name="allen">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/drnick/archive/2008/06/09/first-web-browser-on-windows.aspx|title=First Web Browser on Windows|last=Allen|first=Nicholas|date=9 June 2008|work=[[Microsoft Developer Network]]|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=27 March 2010}}</ref>
| 8 June 1993
| Beta
| 347
| [https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/cello/16bit/ evolt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115745/https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/cello/16bit/ |date=10 April 2021 }}
| Requires Distinct<ref>[http://ftp4.de.freesbie.org/pub/misc/ftp.w3.org/pc-binaries/windows/ Mirror]{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ftp.w3.org/pc-binaries/windows</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://annex.retroarchive.org/cdrom/cotc-ii/WINDOWS/index.html|title=DIS.ZIP - Protocol Files for Cello.Zip|website=annex.retroarchive.org|access-date=2019-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425223616/http://annex.retroarchive.org/cdrom/cotc-ii/WINDOWS/index.html|archive-date=25 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> to run
|-
| 0.2<ref name="allen" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0478.html|title=Beta version .2 of Cello...|last=Bruce|first=Thomas R.|date=14 June 1993<!-- 12:43:08 -0400-->|access-date=4 June 2010}}</ref>
| 14 June 1993
| Beta
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| [http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0478.html Changelog]
|-
| 0.3<ref name="allen" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0529.html|title=Cello Beta 0.3 loose.|last=Bruce|first=Thomas R.|date=16 June 1993<!-- 12:06:14 -0400-->|access-date=4 June 2010}}</ref>
| 16 June 1993
| Beta
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| [http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0529.html Changelog]
|-
| 0.4<ref name="allen" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0553.html|title=Cello beta 0.4 released|last=Bruce|first=Thomas R.|date=18 June 1993<!-- 10:23:25 -0400-->|access-date=4 June 2010}}</ref>
| 18 June 1993
| Beta
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| [http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0553.html Changelog]
|-
| 0.5<ref name="allen" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0623.html|title=Cello Beta 0.5 out.|last=Bruce|first=Thomas R.|date=24 June 1993<!-- 13:38:30 -0400-->|access-date=4 June 2010}}</ref>
| 24 June 1993
| Beta
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| [http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0623.html Changelog]
|-
| 0.6<ref name="allen" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ksi.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/archives/WWW-TALK/www-talk-1993q2.messages/705.html|title=Cello Beta 0.6 released|date=30 June 1993|website=ksi.cpsc.ucalgary.ca|url-status=live|access-date=2019-11-19|archive-date=18 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718200544/http://ksi.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/archives/WWW-TALK/www-talk-1993q2.messages/705.html}}</ref>
| 30 June 1993
| Beta
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20120226081017/http://list.uvm.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=COMMUNET;Inc1Fw;19930928101349-0500D Changelog]
|-
|WINSOCK alpha r3
|6 September 1993
|Alpha
|374
|[https://www.uselesssoftware.com/download/cello-zip]
|Double click to visit link, right click to show url. Browser request contain only a GET line.<ref>GET ''url''\x0a</ref> Doesn't support redirections
|-
|WINSOCK alpha r6
|14 October 1993
|Alpha
|362
|[http://ftp4.de.freesbie.org/pub/misc/ftp.w3.org/pc-binaries/windows/]{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (cello-ws.zip)
|Browser request contain only a GET line.<ref>GET ''url''\x0d\x0a</ref> Doesn't support redirections
|-
| 0.8<ref name="V.8" />
| 5 November 1993
| Beta
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| [http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1994q1/0190.html Changelog] (Distinct version discontinued)
|-
| 0.9<ref group="A">Given in the "about Cello" - windows in Cello .9 beta</ref>
| 12 November 1993
| Beta-pre
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|
|-
| 0.9<ref group="A">Given in the "README.1ST" of Cello</ref>
| 16 November 1993
| Beta
| 487
|[https://www.w3.org/History/1993/WWW/Cello/]
| [http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q4/0500.html Changelog]. GET requests use presently invalid protocol version.<ref>GET ''url'' HTTP/'''V'''1.0

Fix: load exe file into hex editor (also available online, for example [https://hexed.it hexed.it]). Search for string "HTTP/". Remove byte with letter "V", insert byte after string "User-Agent:" and set it to space. Save the file under new name.</ref> Redirections are supported.<ref>Browser hangs when "Location" header isn't an exact match (for example if its all in lowercase like on this [http://jigsaw.w3.org/HTTP/300 redirect test] page)</ref> Crashes on pages with unsupported image files<ref>Also crashes when image source doesn't contain an url with file extension.

Supported images (information taken from exe file; both lowercase and uppercase file extensions): gif (not animated), bmp, pcx, xbm.</ref>
|-
| 0.9<ref group="A">Given in the "DEFAULT.HTML" of Cello .9</ref>
| 22 November 1993
| WINSOCK alpha r9.2
| 494
| [http://spot.fho-emden.de/alge/museum/ftp/cello09.zip]
|Issues from 0.9 beta still present.
New issue: in img tag, src must be the last attribute<ref>If src attribute isn't last, Cello will treat everything after <code>src=</code> as image url (after removing all quotes), to the end of img tag.</ref>
|-
| 1.0<ref name="version1" />
| 17 February 1994
| Release
| {{dunno}}
| [https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/cello/16bit/ evolt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115745/https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/cello/16bit/ |date=10 April 2021 }}
|
|-
| 1.01
| {{dunno}}
| Release
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|
|-
| 1.01a<ref>{{cite web|url=http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1994q1/0934.html|title=Cello v1.01a released|last=Bruce|first=Thomas R.|date=17 March 1994 |access-date=4 June 2010}}</ref>
| 17 March 1994
| release
| 521<ref name="FHEmden"/>
| [http://spot.fho-emden.de/alge/museum/ftp/cello.zip], [https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/cello/16bit/ evolt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115745/https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/cello/16bit/ |date=10 April 2021 }}
| [[File:Cello splash.png|right|thumb|250px|Cello's [[splash screen]]. Note that the image is not that of a cello, but rather a [[viola da gamba]], its aristocratic predecessor]] [http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1994q1/0934.html Changelog]
|-
| 2.0
| {{n/a}}
| Alpha
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| [[File:Cello 2.0 (screenshot).gif|right|thumb|250px|A screenshot of Cello 2.0 in development.]] development ceased, first version to support HTML forms<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SexSAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Cello+2.0+supports+forms%22|title=The World Wide Web Unleashed|last=December|first=John|date=1995|publisher=Sams.net|isbn=9780672307379|pages=265|language=en}}</ref><ref name="version1" />
|}

Although Cello 2.0 had been announced, development ceased before a public release.<ref name="Cello 2.0" />

IBM released a fix for their TCP/IP V2.0 stack so that Cello would work with OS/2 WinOS/2 on 9 February 1994.<ref name="APAR #PN52335 fix" />

==Browser comparison table==
The following table shows how Cello compared to browsers of its time.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ '''Comparison of Web Browsers'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Browser
! Cello
! NCSA X-[[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]]
! NCSA Mosaic
! [[Netscape Navigator]]
! [[Spyglass, Inc.|Spyglass Mosaic]]
! [[AIR Mosaic]]
! [[InternetWorks]]
! Win-[[Tapestry (web browser)|Tapestry]]
! [[IBM WebExplorer]]
|-
|colspan="2"| Operating system|| Win|| [[UNIX]] ||Win||Win||Win||Win||Win||Win||OS/2
|-
|colspan="2" |Version  ||1||2.4||2.0 alpha&nbsp;3||1||1.02||3.06||Beta 4||1.67||0.91
|-
| colspan="2"| proxy||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Partial}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Partial}}||{{Partial}}
|-
| colspan="2"| extended html||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
| style="text-align: left" rowspan="6"|Performance
|-
| multithreading||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
| dynamic linking||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
| deferred image||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
| multi-pane||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
| multi-window||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
| style="text-align: left" rowspan="3"|Configurability<!-- only seems to work with 3 not 2 -->
|-
| kiosk mode||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}
|-
| external players||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
| style="text-align: left" rowspan="4"|Integration
|-
| d&d to clipboard||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
| spawnable players||{{No}}||{{Partial}}||{{Partial}}||{{Yes}}||{{Partial}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Partial}}||{{Yes}}
|-
| search engine(Find)||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
| style="text-align: left" rowspan="10"|Navigation
|-
| hotlist||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}
|-
| bookmark||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
| folders||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
| categories (tags)||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
| menu/button bar||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
| import||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
| export||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
| annotation||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
| auto time stamp||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
| colspan="11" style="text-align:center;"| Source: {{Cite journal|last=Berghel|first=Hal|year=1996|title=The client's side of the World-Wide Web|journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=39|issue=1|pages=30–40|issn=0001-0782|doi=10.1145/234173.234177|s2cid=2003788|doi-access=free}}
|}

==Derivatives==
* The first edition of BURKS, a project to produce non-profit CD-ROMs of resources for students of Computer Science, was based on Cello.<ref name="burks">{{Cite journal|last=English |first=John |year=1999|title=Building self-contained websites on CD-ROM|journal=ACM SIGCSE Bulletin|publisher=ACM|location=New York, NY, USA|volume= 31|issue= 3|pages=159–162 |issn=0097-8418 |url=http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=305906&type=pdf|doi=10.1145/384267.305906|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* InterAp, by California Software Inc, was based on Cello and featured a web browser with Telnet, FTP, and a [[Visual Basic]]-compatible scripting language called NetScripts.<ref name="Network World1"/><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29yXg0pQp4wC&q=%22interap%22+%22calsoft.com%22&pg=PA153|title=The Easy Net Book|last=Teare|first=Keith|date=1996|publisher=Keith Teare|isbn=9781850322528|pages=153|language=en|chapter=Internet software. Full internet suites: InterAp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.panix.com/~clocke/meckler-web/interap.html|title=California Software Inc. -- InterAp|website=www.panix.com|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref>
* A version of Lovelace came bundled<ref>You can still download latest bundle (with unmodified exe of Cello 1.01a) by manually replacing "lovelace.zip" with "lovecell.zip" in the http server link.</ref> with Cello.<ref name="lovelace"/>

==Technical==
While originally Cello required the Distinct Corporation's TCP/IP stack, with the release of Cello Beta Version .8, Cello dropped support for Distinct, and became exclusively [[Winsock]]-based.<ref name="V.8" /><ref name="AUUGN distinct">{{Cite book|title=AUUGN|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI_blk_IVb0C|access-date=28 March 2010|publisher=AUUG, Inc.|page=95|author1=Auug, Inc|date=December 1993}}</ref>

Originally, although Cello could run on [[OS/2]], OS/2's implementation of Winsock had bugs that prevented Cello from accessing the Internet.<ref name="faq2" /> The bug, ''APAR #PN52335'', was later fixed allowing Cello to properly work on OS/2.<ref name="faq2" /><ref name="APAR #PN52335 fix">{{Cite web|title=OS/2 Site - Upgrades - Patches|url=http://www.os2site.com/sw/upgrades/patches/index.html|access-date=2021-01-23|website=www.os2site.com}}</ref>

The [[User agent string|user agent]] for Cello is <code>LII-Cello/<version>  [[libwww]]/2.5</code>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP/HTRQ_Headers.html|title=HTTP Request fields|date=3 May 1994 |work=Protocols|publisher=[[W3C]]|access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref>

===DDE support===
Cello featured [[Dynamic Data Exchange]] (DDE) support. [[Object Linking and Embedding|OLE]] support and DDE client support were planned, but never released.<ref name="faq2" />

An example of how to invoke Cello from a [[Microsoft Word]] macro:
<syntaxhighlight lang="vbscript">
Sub MAIN
ChanNum = DDEInitiate("Cello", "URL")
DDEExecute(ChanNum, "http://www.law.cornell.edu")
DDETerminate(ChanNum)
End Sub
</syntaxhighlight>

==System requirements==
Cello has the following system requirements:
<ref name="cello browser" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kottke.org/05/07/cello-is-a-graphical-www-browser-like-mosaic|title=Cello is a graphical WWW browser like Mosaic|last=Kottke|first=Jason|date=26 July 2005|access-date=27 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="pcbrowsers">{{cite web|url=http://sites.utoronto.ca/webdocs/HTMLdocs/PCTOOLS/pc_browsers.html|title=PC WWW BROWSERS|date=1 December 1995|work=PC Browsers|publisher=[[University of Toronto]]|access-date=27 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230091707/http://www.toronto.edu/webdocs/HTMLdocs/PCTOOLS/pc_browsers.html|archive-date=30 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''[[Central processing unit|Processor]]:''' [[Intel 80386|80386]](386SX) at 16&nbsp;MHz<ref name="cello browser"/><ref name="lovelace">{{cite web|url=http://www.adahome.com/Tutorials/Lovelace/download.htm|title=Information on How to Download Lovelace#On Installing a Web Browser|last=Wheeler|first=David A.|date=5 October 1996|publisher=[[Ada Home]]|access-date=27 March 2010}}</ref> or better<ref name="WAG">{{cite web|url=http://www.osec.doc.gov/webresources/accessibility/BP3_AdditionalResources.htm|title=Useful Accessibility Resource Web Sites|date=29 March 2010|work=Web Advisory Group (WAG)|publisher=US Department of Commerce Office of the CIO|access-date=10 April 2010|archive-date=1 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401125108/http://www.osec.doc.gov/webresources/accessibility/BP3_AdditionalResources.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''[[Operating system]]:''' [[Windows 3.1]] / [[Windows 3.11|3.11]] / [[Windows NT 3.5]]<ref name="nt35" /><ref name="nt35.2" /> / [[OS/2]].<ref name="os2" />
* '''[[RAM|Ram]]:''' 2 [[Megabytes|MB]] [[RAM]],<ref name="Shang-Chul Pak" /> 4 MB RAM recommended<ref name="version1" />
* A [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]]/[[Internet Protocol|IP]] connection running Winsock

==Criticism==
Cello was not very stable and its development halted early.<ref name="FHEmden"/>

Cello did not render graphics well and required that the user reload the webpage when resizing the window. Like most browsers at the time, Cello also did not support any web security protocols.<ref name="Vaughan-Nichols1995"/> It was also said that Cello rendered html "crudely" and pages would appear jaggedly.<ref name="Shang-Chul Pak" /><ref name="Vaughan-Nichols1995"/><ref name="cnet">{{cite web|title=Reviews - Cello|last=Reichard|first=Kevin|url=https://www.cnet.com/Content/Reviews/Compare/Browsers/cello.html|website=[[CNET]]|access-date=15 June 2010|date=20 December 1995|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970212040520/http://www.cnet.com/Content/Reviews/Compare/Browsers/cello.html |archive-date=12 February 1997}}</ref>

Cello also had sub-par performance in accessing the Internet and processing hypermedia documents.<ref name="Shang-Chul Pak" /><ref name="cnet" />

==See also==
* [[Lynx (web browser)|Lynx]]
* [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]]
* [[MacWeb]]
* [[Libwww]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="A"}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite journal|last1=Romano |first1=Nicholas C. |last2=Nunamaker |first2=Jay F. |last3=Briggs |first3=Robert O. |last4=Vogel |first4=Doug|year=1998|title=Architecture, Design, and Development of an HTML/JavaScript Web-Based Group Support System|journal=Journal of the American Society for Information Science|volume= 49|issue= 7|pages=649–667|ssrn=937380|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(19980515)49:7<649::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-1}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Grier|first=D.A.|year=2008|title=Evolutionary Fervor|journal=Computer|volume=41|issue=12|pages=10–12|issn=0018-9162|doi=10.1109/MC.2008.529|s2cid=9327151}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Jagodzinski|first=Cecile|year=1997|title=Cooperative Web Weaving|journal=Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Information Supply|volume=8|issue=2|pages=1–20|issn=1072-303X|doi=10.1300/J110V08N02_01}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Berners-Lee|first=Tim|date=1997-01-01|title=The World Wide Web - Past, Present and Future|url=https://journals.tdl.org/jodi/index.php/jodi/article/view/jodi-4|journal=Journal of Digital Information|language=en|volume=1|issue=1|issn=1368-7506}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|first=Glyn |last=Moody|title=The Internet with Windows|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P6vbAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=978-0-7506-9704-0|pages=378–381}}
* {{Cite book|first=V.K. |last=Rao|title=Education Technology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s7J38gFrf7QC&pg=PA182|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-493-0|page=182|year=2009}}
* {{Cite book|first1=John |last1=December|first2=Neil |last2=Randall|title=The World Wide Web unleashed|url=https://archive.org/details/worldwidewebunle00dece|url-access=registration |year=1995|publisher=Sams.net Pub.|isbn=978-1-57521-040-7}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Craigmile, B.1 |date=Spring 1995|title=What a tangled web it is... Three WWW browsers reviewed|journal=Library Software Review|volume= 14|issue= 1|location=USA|issn=0742-5759|pages=5–8}}
* {{Cite book| last = Gilster | first = Paul | title = The Slip/Ppp Connection | publisher = Knopf Books for Young Readers | location = New York | year = 1995 | isbn = 0-471-11712-9 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Harrison|first=Peter John|title=The Internet Direct Connect Kit|publisher=Wiley Publishing|year=1994|isbn=1-56884-135-3|url=https://archive.org/details/internetdirectco00harr}}
* {{Cite magazine|last=Ayre|first= Rick|date=26 April 1994|title=Cello and Mosaic: Two free tickets around the Internet|magazine=PC Magazine|volume= 13|issue= 8|page=48|publisher=Academic Search Premier}}
* {{Cite magazine|last=Kevin|first=Richard|date=11 October 1994|title=Mosaic and Cello: Freeware gold. (Cover Story)|magazine=PC Magazine|volume= 13|issue= 17|issn=0888-8507}}
* {{Cite magazine|last1=Ayre |first1=R.|last2=Mulder |first2=P.|date=March 1995|title=Web browsers: the web untangled|magazine=PC Magazine|volume= 3|issue= 2|page=75|issn=1021-5441}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Peter H.|date=June 1995|title=Best Web browsers|journal=PC World|volume= 13|issue= 6|issn=0737-8939}}

==External links==
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981203074149/http://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/|title=Official website}}
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{{Early web browsers}}
{{web browsers|desktop}}
{{gopher clients}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cello (Web Browser)}}
[[Category:Windows web browsers]]
[[Category:Gopher clients]]
[[Category:Cornell University]]
[[Category:1993 software]]
[[Category:1994 software]]
[[Category:Discontinued web browsers]]
[[Category:OS/2 web browsers]]