View source for Celtic Park

{{Short description|Football stadium in Glasgow, Scotland}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Good article}}
{{Infobox venue
| stadium_name = Celtic Park
| nickname = "Parkhead"<br/>"Paradise"
| logo_image = 
| logo_size = 30
| image = Celtic Park during an Old Firm derby between Celtic FC and Rangers FC.jpg
| image_caption = <p>'''[[UEFA stadium categories|UEFA]]''' {{rating|4|4}}</p>
| pushpin_map = Scotland Glasgow
| pushpin_mapsize = 250
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Glasgow
| caption = '''[[UEFA Elite stadium|UEFA]]''' {{rating|4|4}}
| pushpin_label_position = left
| coordinates = {{coord|55|50|59|N|4|12|20|W|type:landmark_region:GB-GLG|display=inline,title}}
| location = The Celtic Way<br/>[[Parkhead]], Glasgow, Scotland
| broke_ground = 
| opened = 20 August 1892
| renovated = 1994–98
| awards = 
| closed = 
| demolished = 
| owner = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (1897–present)<ref name = "Inglis432"/>
| operator = 
| surface = Desso Grass Hybrid (2017–present)
| construction_cost = £35,628 (Main Stand, 1929)<ref name = "Inglis432"/> <br />£40M (1994–98 rebuild)<ref name = "sells shares"/>
| architect = Duncan and Kerr (Main Stand, 1929)<ref name = "Inglis432"/><br />[[Percy Johnson-Marshall]] Associates (1994–98 rebuild)
| former_names = 
| tenants = {{Infobox stadium/tenantlist
|tenant_clubs      = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|tenant_years      = 1892–present<ref name = "Inglis432"/>
}}
| record_attendance = 83,500 v [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]<br /><small>1 January 1938</small>
| seating_capacity = {{SPFL-stadiums|celtic}}<ref name = "spfl">{{cite web |url=http://spfl.co.uk/clubs/celtic/ |title=Celtic Football Club |access-date=22 January 2014 |work=spfl.co.uk |publisher=Scottish Professional Football League}}</ref>
| dimensions = 114 x 74 yards (104.2 x 67.7 metres)
}}

'''Celtic Park''' is a [[Soccer-specific stadium|football stadium]] and the home of [[Scottish Premiership]] team [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]], in the [[Parkhead]] area of [[Glasgow]], Scotland. With a capacity of 60,832, it is the largest [[List of football stadiums in Scotland|football stadium in Scotland]], and the eighth-largest football [[List of stadiums in the United Kingdom by capacity|stadium in the United Kingdom]]. It is also known as '''Parkhead''' or '''Paradise'''. <!-- Please DO NOT add "Parkers" as a nickname unless you can provide multiple reliable sources using the name. -->

Celtic was formed in 1887 and the first [[Celtic Park (1888–92)|Celtic Park]] opened in Parkhead in 1888. The club moved to the current site in 1892, after the rental charge was greatly increased on the first. The new site was developed into an oval-shaped stadium, with vast terracing sections. The record attendance of 83,500 was set at an [[Old Firm]] derby on 1 January 1938.{{refn|group="note"|Newspaper reports at the time indicate that the officially returned attendance was given as 83,500, with an estimated further 10,000 supporters locked out of the ground for safety reasons.<ref name="happyny" /> However, the ground's capacity was gauged at the time as being around 88,000 and several subsequent sources (including the club's official website) have since revised the attendance up to 92,000.<ref name=classicbook />}} The terraces were covered and floodlights installed between 1957 and 1971. The [[Taylor Report]] mandated that major clubs should have all-seater stadia by August 1994. Celtic was in a poor financial position in the early 1990s and no major work was carried out until [[Fergus McCann]] took control of the club in March 1994. The old terraces were demolished to develop a new stadium in a phased rebuild completed in August 1998. A section of [[Safe standing#Rail seats|rail seating]] was installed in 2016.

A [[UEFA stadium categories|UEFA category four]] stadium,<ref>{{cite web |title=TYNECASTLE RATED IN TOP UEFA CATEGORY |url=https://www.heartsfc.co.uk/blogs/news/tynecastle-rated-in-top-uefa-category |publisher=Heart of Midlothian |access-date=13 October 2023}}</ref> Celtic Park has been used as a venue for [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]] internationals and Cup Finals when [[Hampden Park]] has been unavailable. Before the [[First World War]], Celtic Park hosted [[composite rules shinty-hurling]], [[track and field]] and the 1897 [[UCI Track Cycling World Championships|Track Cycling World Championships]]. Open-air [[Eucharist in the Catholic Church|Mass]]es and First World War recruitment drives were also held there. Celtic Park hosted the [[2014 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony|opening ceremony]] of the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] and has also been used for concerts by [[the Who]] and [[U2]].

==History==
===Original Celtic Park (1888–1892)===
[[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] was formed in November 1887.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> The [[Celtic Park (1888–92)|original Celtic Park]] was built at the north east junction of Springfield Road and London Road in Parkhead by a volunteer workforce within six months of formation. Its opening game was a match between [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] and [[Cowlairs F.C.|Cowlairs]].<ref name="first game">{{cite news|url=http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/page/TimelineDetail/0,,10290~1750603,00.html |title=The Birth of Celtic |work=Hibernianfc.co.uk |publisher=[[Hibernian F.C.]] |date=11 August 2009 |access-date=9 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121024557/http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/page/TimelineDetail/0%2C%2C10290~1750603%2C00.html |archive-date=21 January 2012  }}</ref> Celtic played its first match on 28 May 1888 at Celtic Park, against [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]], which Celtic won 5–2.<ref name = "first game"/> It hosted a [[British Home Championship]] match between [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]] and [[Ireland national football team (1882–1950)|Ireland]] on 28 March 1891.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/international_fixture_details.cfm?page=462&matchID=57986|title=Scotland A Squad|publisher=[[Scottish Football Association]]|access-date=14 November 2011}}</ref> Celtic was forced to leave this site in 1892, however, when the landlord increased the annual rent from £50 to £450.<ref name = "Inglis432"/><ref name ="paradise" />

===New Celtic Park (1892–1904)===
[[File:CelticPark1894.jpg|thumb|left|Celtic Park in the 1890s. This picture shows the pavilion and adjacent stand (the latter destroyed by fire in 1904)]]
The new stadium was built in a disused brickyard at Janefield Street, 200 yards from the old site.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> The first turf, which had been transported from [[County Donegal]], was laid by Irish patriot [[Michael Davitt]] and planted with [[shamrock]]s.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> He recited a verse that said the turf would "take root and flourish", but it was stolen soon afterwards.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> A journalist said the move was like "leaving the graveyard to enter paradise", which led to the ground being nicknamed "Paradise",<ref name = "Inglis432"/><ref name="paradise">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314003722/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club%3D31002/index.html |archive-date=14 March 2013 |url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=31002/index.html |title=Celtic spirit shines on |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=11 November 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> although it is also often referred to as "Parkhead".<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/football/spl/2011/11/11/former-celtic-star-urges-old-firm-to-sell-stadium-names-to-save-clubs-86908-23553514/ |title=Former Celtic star urges Old Firm to sell stadium names to save clubs |work=Daily Record |date=11 November 2011 |first=Craig |last=Swan |access-date=11 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114002446/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/football/spl/2011/11/11/former-celtic-star-urges-old-firm-to-sell-stadium-names-to-save-clubs-86908-23553514/ |archive-date=14 November 2011 }}</ref> The new Celtic Park was opened on 20 August 1892 with a match against [[Renton F.C.|Renton]].<ref name = "Inglis432"/> A journalist writing in the ''[[Athletic News]]'' described Celtic Park as the best ground in Britain at the time, a title for which it may only have been challenged by [[Goodison Park]], the home of [[Everton F.C.|Everton]].<ref name = "Inglis432"/> Celtic Park was immediately successful, attracting record gate receipts and an attendance of 45,107 for the Scotland v [[England national football team|England]] game in the [[1894 British Home Championship]].<ref name = "Inglis432"/><ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/international_fixture_details.cfm?page=462&matchID=57944|title=Scotland A Squad|publisher=[[Scottish Football Association]]|access-date=14 November 2011}}</ref> Celtic purchased the site for £100,000 in 1897.<ref name = "Inglis432"/>

The new stadium initially consisted of [[Terrace (stadium)|terracing]] with a capacity of approximately 40,000. It was an elongated oval shape, similar to [[Hampden Park]].<ref name = "Inglis435"/> A [[track and field|running track]] and concrete [[Track cycling|cycling track]] were also constructed around the periphery of the pitch.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> On the northern side of the pitch there was a pavilion and a seated stand.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> In 1894, Celtic built the first ever [[press box]] at a football stadium in Britain, located high up on the main stand at Celtic Park.<ref>{{cite book|last=White|first=John|title=The Celtic Football Miscellany|date=2006|publisher=Carlton Books|isbn=978-1-84442162-6|page=27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Harris|first=Tim|title=Sport: Almost Everything You Ever Wanted to Know|date=2008|publisher=Yellow Jersey|isbn=978-0224080217|page=98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AgYZuvwSx7sC&pg=PA98}}</ref> Later in the 1890s, club director James Grant financed the construction of an enclosed windowed stand (completed in 1899),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecelticwiki.com/page/Grand+Stand+Later+Named+the+Grant+Stand.|title=Celtic New Grand Stand (contemporary newspaper report)|via=The Celtic Wiki|date=21 October 1899|access-date=23 October 2018|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929202854/http://www.thecelticwiki.com/page/Grand+Stand+Later+Named+the+Grant+Stand.|url-status=dead}}</ref> built on stilts on the south side of the pitch.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> The spectators watched through sliding windows from padded seats, but they had to climb four flights of stairs to reach their position and the windows frequently [[steam]]ed up.<ref name = "Inglis432"/>

===Fire and rebuilding (1904–1957)===

[[File:Celtic park panorama 1906.jpg|thumb|upright=2.04|The stadium in 1906]]
In May 1904, a fire destroyed the older north grandstand and severely damaged the adjacent pavilion;<ref name=fire1904>{{Cite web|url=https://playupliverpool.com/1904/05/09/celtic-park-on-fire/|title=Great fire at Celtic Park|work=Evening Telegraph|via=Play Up Liverpool|date=10 May 1904|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=firesjungle>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AU4_Ap3cXb4C&pg=PT20|title=Jungle Tales: Celtic Memories of an Epic Stand|author=John Quinn|publisher=[[Random House]]|isbn=9781780577272|year=2012|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref> this prompted Celtic to buy the newer Grant Stand outright.<ref name=fire1904cfc>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZMtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT65|title=Celtic: The Official History|author=Brian Wilson|author-link=Brian Wilson (Labour politician)|publisher=[[Birlinn (publisher)|Birlinn]]|isbn=9780857909312|year=2017|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref> The north enclosure was rebuilt by the following year.<ref name=evolution>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/teams/celtic/in-pictures-the-evolution-of-celtic-park-through-the-years-1-4691796|title=In pictures: The evolution of Celtic Park through the years|work=[[The Scotsman]]|author=Angus Wright|date=19 February 2018|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref>

By 1927, the Grant Stand had become unsafe and was demolished, to be replaced in summer 1929 by a new single-tier Main Stand, designed by Duncan and Kerr.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> This stand, which cost £35,000 and provided 4,800 seats, was smaller and less ornate than the Main Stand at [[Ibrox Stadium|Ibrox]].<ref name = "Inglis432"/> The Celtic Park main stand had a similar feature to Ibrox, however, in the pedimented roof gable over the [[press box]].<ref name = "Inglis432"/> Prior to its completion, the old pavilion on the opposite side of the field which dated from the original construction of the ground in 1892 and had partly escaped the 1904 fire (it had been 'reduced to cinders' in that blaze according to hastily filed contemporary reports)<ref name=fire1904/> burned down entirely in March 1929, destroying some of the club's old records and photographs (the trophies were stored elsewhere).
<ref name=firesjungle/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecelticwiki.com/page/Celtic+Park+-+Pavilion+Fire+%281929%29|title=Celtic Team Photos Destroyed (contemporary newspaper report)|via=The Celtic Wiki|date=28 March 1929|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref> The club had to play the rest of their matches in the [[1928–29 in Scottish football|1928–29 season]] at nearby [[Shawfield Stadium]]<ref name=firesjungle/><ref name=fire1929cfc>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZMtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT97|title=Celtic: The Official History|author=Brian Wilson|author-link=Brian Wilson (Labour politician)|publisher=[[Birlinn (publisher)|Birlinn]]|isbn=9780857909312|year=2017|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref> (reciprocating an earlier arrangement in 1914 when [[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]] suffered similar damage to their ground)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clydefc.co.uk/club/history/early-years/|title=Crossing The River – Early Years at Shawfield – 1898–1919|publisher=[[Clyde F.C.]]|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref> and also had to replace the roof of the stand next to the pavilion, which then became known as the "Hayshed".<ref name=stadiumguide>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stadiumguide.com/celticpark/|title=Celtic Park|website=The Stadium Guide|date=25 March 2015 |access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref>

Although it was only the third biggest ground in Glasgow, the rebuilt Celtic Park had a greater capacity than any club stadium in England.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> The [[Scottish football attendance records|record attendance]] for a Celtic match at Celtic Park was set by an [[Old Firm]] derby against Rangers on New Year's Day 1938.<ref name = "Inglis432">{{harvnb|Inglis|1996|p=432}}</ref> Some sources give the attendance for this game as 92,000,<ref name = "sfgg"/><ref name=classicbook>{{cite book|last=Hannan|first=Martin|title=Hail! Hail!: Classic Celtic Old Firm Clashes|year=2012|publisher=Mainstream Publishing|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MKBefdszfwMC&pg=PT70|isbn=9781780577128}}</ref> but contemporary sources suggest that the attendance was approximately 83,500.<ref name = "Inglis432"/><ref name=happyny>{{cite news|title=Happy New Year for Celtic and Queens Park|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qz9AAAAAIBAJ&pg=3781%2C312161|access-date=26 November 2017|newspaper=The Glasgow Herald|date=3 January 1938|page=16}}</ref>

===Stadium improvements (1957–1990)===
[[File:Treble Treble display at Celtic Park (geograph 6192744).jpg|thumb|left|Main entrance to Celtic Park]]
Significant improvements were carried out between 1957 and 1971, partly due to the great success Celtic achieved under the management of [[Jock Stein]].<ref name = "Inglis432"/> A roof was built over the back of the western "Celtic End" terrace in 1957,<ref name=stadiumguide/> while floodlights were installed in 1959.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> They were first used on 12 October, in a friendly match against [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolves]].<ref name = "Inglis432"/> The northern "Hayshed" terrace, which became known as the "Jungle", was concreted in 1966 and a new roof was erected.<ref name = "Inglis432"/><ref name=stadiumguide/><ref name=evolution/> A roof was built over the eastern "Rangers End" terrace in 1967, using the same design as the Rangers End at [[Hampden Park]]. All of this work meant that Celtic had more covered terracing than any other stadium in Britain, except [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley]].<ref name = "Inglis432"/> There were 4,800 seats, all in the Main Stand, in an overall capacity of 80,000.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> A further 3,900 seats were installed in the Main Stand paddock area in 1971.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> A new roof was erected over the Main Stand in 1971,<ref name=evolution/> which cost £250,000.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> It was supported by a "goalpost" framework, with the top girder measuring 97.5 metres long.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> The design was flawed, however, as the roof provided little shelter to the paddock seats, and retractable columns had to be installed to provide stability in case of high winds or heavy snow.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> Celtic later sued the designers and won damages.<ref name = "Inglis432"/>

The regulations in the Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975 reduced the capacity of Celtic Park to 56,500, but the club then increased the terracing to raise capacity to 67,000.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> In 1986, £1 million was spent on replacing the western terrace roof with a replica of the eastern terrace, which had been designed nearly twenty years earlier.<ref name = "Inglis433">{{harvnb|Inglis|1996|p=433}}</ref><ref name=evolution/> The original red brick facade to the Main Stand was replaced during the club's centenary year in 1988, while lounges and offices were installed.<ref name = "Inglis433"/><ref name=evolution/> Although the Main Stand had been modernised, terracing was still predominant at Celtic Park.<ref name = "Inglis433"/> This stood in contrast to most other major stadia in Britain, particularly Ibrox, where seating capacities had been increased.<ref name = "Inglis433"/> This left Celtic badly placed when the [[Taylor Report]] mandated that all major clubs had to have an [[all-seater stadium]].<ref name = "Inglis433"/>

===Celtic difficulties and fully seated stadia (1990–1994)===
[[File:Celtic park panorama.jpg|thumb|right|View inside Celtic Park]] 
Celtic was heavily in debt and had been significantly outgrown by Rangers commercially in the early 1990s.<ref name = "Inglis433"/><ref name = "nyt">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/09/sports/09iht-rob.html?pagewanted=all|title=Glasgow's White Knight|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Rob|last=Hughes|date=9 March 1994|access-date=12 November 2011}}</ref> The Celtic board initially prevaricated in response to the Taylor Report, partly due to divisions in the board.<ref name = "Inglis433"/> Celtic director [[Brian Dempsey (businessman)|Brian Dempsey]] proposed a development on land he controlled at [[Robroyston]], but he was opposed by fellow directors, [[Michael Kelly (Lord Provost)|Michael Kelly]] and Chris White, who had Dempsey removed from the board.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/proposed-celtic-site-sold-for-houses-building-robroyston-former-football-director-s-company-sells-land-that-was-once-to-have-been-used-for-new-ground-1.6464|title=Proposed Celtic site sold for houses|work=The Herald|publisher=Herald & Times Group|first=Ken|last=Symon|date=29 October 2006|access-date=10 November 2011}}</ref> Despite these divisions, a proposal to build a new 52,000-seat stadium on industrial waste ground at [[Cambuslang]] was unveiled in April 1992.<ref name = "Inglis433"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/former-celtic-director-says-clubs-10211936|title=Former Celtic director says the club's proposed move to Cambuslang 25 years ago would have benefitted town|publisher=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]] / [[Rutherglen Reformer]]|date=14 April 2017|access-date=15 April 2017}}</ref> The £100 million scheme was meant to include wider commercial developments that would fund the completed stadium, which would have only provided 32,000 seats in a first phase of construction.<ref name = "Inglis433"/> There was scepticism about the plan, however, as it was unclear how Celtic or their partner in the project, Superstadia, would raise the necessary finance.<ref name = "Inglis433"/> The proposed site would have had to be decontaminated,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/residents-told-of-problems-over-planned-celtic-stadium-1.775948|title=Residents told of problems over planned Celtic stadium |work=The Herald|publisher=Herald & Times Group|first=Bill|last=Caven|date=21 January 1993|access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref> and contradictory statements about the ownership structure of the development were issued.<ref name = "Inglis433"/> Outline planning permission was granted in May 1993.<ref name = "Inglis434">{{harvnb|Inglis|1996|p=434}}</ref>

A deadline of August 1994 had been set to convert all major grounds to be fully seated.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> Even with planning permission granted, the first phase of the Cambuslang scheme would not be ready until 1995.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> As a stop-gap measure, Celtic installed 5,033 seats in the Jungle at the end of the 1992–93 season, at a cost of £350,000.<ref name = "Inglis434"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/last-stand-in-the-jungle-1.763185|title=Last stand in the Jungle |work=The Herald|first=Jim|last=Traynor|publisher=Herald & Times Group|date=21 April 1993|access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref> The board hoped Celtic would be given a special dispensation from the rules.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> Installing seats in the Jungle itself caused an emotional reaction.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> Due to redevelopment work at Hampden, the [[1993 Scottish Cup Final]] between Rangers and [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] was to be played at Celtic Park.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> This meant that in the last competitive game in front of the Jungle, it would have been occupied by Rangers fans.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> To give the Celtic supporters last use, a friendly match between veteran Celtic and [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] players was arranged.<ref name = "Inglis434"/>

During the 1993–94 season, the board continued to talk optimistically about their plans.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> They claimed in February to have £20 million of funding in place from Gefinor, a Swiss financial institution.<ref name = "Inglis434"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/bank-that-likes-to-say-nothing-1.718091|title=Bank that likes to say nothing |work=The Herald|publisher=Herald & Times Group|first=Colin|last=McSeveny|date=26 February 1994|access-date=12 November 2011}}</ref> The claim was denied by Gefinor, who denied that they had even had any contact with the club.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/celtic-s-swiss-bankers-kick-out-the-20m-stadium-deal-1.717620|title=Celtic's Swiss bankers kick out the £20m stadium deal|work=The Herald|publisher=Herald & Times Group|first=Iain|last=Wilson|date=2 March 1994|access-date=12 November 2011}}</ref> Celtic then came under severe pressure from the [[Bank of Scotland]], who demanded a £1 million reduction in the club's overdraft, placing the club under threat of bankruptcy.<ref name = "nyt"/><ref name = "Inglis434"/><ref name="dempsey">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/2008/02/06/former-celtic-director-brian-dempsey-in-heart-drama-86908-20310781/ |title=Former Celtic Director Brian Dempsey in Heart Drama |first=Donna |last=Watson |date=6 February 2008 |access-date=12 November 2011 |work=Daily Record |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102160254/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/2008/02/06/former-celtic-director-brian-dempsey-in-heart-drama-86908-20310781/ |archive-date=2 November 2009 }}</ref> With minutes to spare before a deadline set by the Bank, the board capitulated and sold control to Scots-Canadian businessman [[Fergus McCann]].<ref name = "nyt"/><ref name = "Inglis434"/><ref name = "dempsey"/>

===Redevelopment (1994–2011)===
[[File:Celtic Park - Lisbon Lions Stand (geograph 4624284).jpg|thumb|right|The Lisbon Lions Stand at Celtic Park]] 
McCann quickly discarded the Cambuslang scheme and instead started plans to bring Celtic Park into compliance with the Taylor Report.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> The capacity would have been only 34,000 if seats had been installed in the remaining terraces, which nevertheless was greater than Celtic's average attendance in the previous six seasons.<ref name = "fergus"/> McCann, who believed the club could fill a much larger stadium, decided instead to effectively build a new stadium.<ref name = "Inglis434"/><ref name = "fergus"/> In the summer of 1994, the Jungle, East Terracing and West Terracing were demolished, with only the structure of the Main Stand left intact.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> The relatively new Jungle seats were used to refresh the seating in the Main Stand.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> Celtic played their home games at Hampden Park during the [[1994–95 in Scottish football|1994–95]] season, which cost the club £500,000 in rent.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> Celtic raised over £26 million to fund the work from two share issues: £12.3 million in a rights issue (£9.4 million invested by McCann) and £14 million in a public offering.<ref name = "Inglis434"/><ref name = "fergus">{{cite news|url=https://www.scotsman.com/sport/fergus-celtic-seer-2475996|title=Fergus the Celtic seer|work=[[Scotland On Sunday]]|publisher=Johnston Press|date=29 February 2004|access-date=29 April 2022}}</ref> 10,000 ordinary fans bought into the public offering, while season ticket sales rose from 7,000 to 26,000.<ref name = "Inglis434"/>

The detailed plans were finalised in December 1994.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> The club intended to build a 60,000-seat stadium, to be completed in three phases.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> The first phase was the new North Stand, which was designed by [[Percy Johnson-Marshall]] Associates, engineered by Hutter Jennings Titchmarsh, and built by Miller Construction.<ref name = "Inglis434"/> Celtic Park reopened with a friendly against [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle]] on 5 August 1995,<ref name = "Inglis434"/> with the new 26,970-capacity North Stand and the existing 7,850-capacity Main (South) Stand in place.<ref name = "Inglis435"/> This was augmented by a temporary stand, holding 2,800 seats, on the site of the former West Terracing.<ref name = "Inglis435"/> Phase two of the redevelopment was completed in August 1996, with the opening of the 13,006-capacity East Stand.<ref name = "Inglis435"/> Phase 3a was completed in February 1998 with the opening of the South West Corner. This was followed by Phase 3b, the [[Jock Stein]] Stand on the former West Terracing site, which was opened in August 1998 with a match against [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-leonhardsen-too-smart-for-celtic-1170680.html|title=Football: Leonhardsen too smart for Celtic|first=Simon|last=Buckland|work=[[The Independent on Sunday]]|date=9 August 1998|access-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> This third phase added another 13,006 seats, bringing the total capacity of the new Celtic Park to {{SPFL-stadiums|celtic}}.<ref name = "spfl"/> Phases 2 and 3 were built by Barr Construction. The whole redevelopment, which made Celtic Park the biggest club stadium in Britain, cost £40 million.<ref name = "sells shares">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/452152.stm|title=McCann sells Celtic shares |publisher=BBC News|date=20 September 1999|access-date=12 November 2011}}</ref> In the 1998–99 season the average attendance was 59,224 and season ticket sales exceeded 53,000,<ref name = "sells shares"/> the highest number in Britain at the time.<ref>{{cite news   | url =  https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/60222072.html?dids=60222072:60222072&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+06%2C+1998&author=Ian+Paul&pub=The+Herald&desc=McCann+deserves+a+little+cheer&pqatl=google | archive-url =  https://archive.today/20120713120201/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/60222072.html?dids=60222072:60222072&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+06,+1998&author=Ian+Paul&pub=The+Herald&desc=McCann+deserves+a+little+cheer&pqatl=google | url-status =  dead | archive-date =  13 July 2012 | title =  McCann deserves a little cheer | publisher =  Herald & Times Group |work = The Herald | date =   6 August 1998 |first=Ian|last=Paul | access-date =12 November 2011}}</ref>

{{wide image|Celtic park 2.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|A [[panorama]] of the redeveloped Celtic Park taken in 2006}}

===Safe standing (2011–present)===
In September 2011, Celtic started a feasibility study into creating a [[safe standing]] section in Celtic Park.<ref>{{cite news   | url =  http://sport.stv.tv/football/scottish-premier/celtic/271667-celtic-studying-feasibility-of-standing-area-at-celtic-park/ | title =  Celtic studying feasibility of standing area at Celtic Park | publisher =  STV Group |work = STV | date =   23 September 2011 | access-date =13 November 2011}}</ref> In June 2015, Celtic received safety approval for a proposal to install rail seating.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/scotland/27805755 |title=Celtic 'frustrated' as rail seating proposal awaits approval |publisher=BBC Sport |date=11 June 2014 |access-date=11 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/28777621 |title=Celtic: Safe-standing proposals not met with approval |publisher=BBC Sport |date=13 August 2014 |access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/celtic-get-green-light-to-install-standing-areas-at-parkhead.128458507 |title=Celtic get green light to install standing areas at Parkhead |first=Rebecca |last=Gray |work=The Herald |publisher=Herald & Times Group |date= 9 June 2015 |access-date= 9 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33061483 |title=Celtic to introduce safe standing area with rail seating |publisher=BBC Sport |date= 9 June 2015 |access-date= 9 June 2015}}</ref> A section of 2,975 rail seats was installed in the Lisbon Lions Stand during the 2016 close season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36205523 |title=Celtic safe standing plans to go ahead from next season |publisher=BBC Sport |date=4 May 2016 |access-date=9 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36551888 |title=Celtic Park standing area work begins |publisher=BBC Sport |date=16 June 2016 |access-date=16 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36816657 |title=Celtic open new safe standing section in win over Wolfsburg |publisher=BBC Sport |date=16 July 2016 |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref>

Celtic Park holds the third‑highest verified championship win rate. Since 1892, it has hosted 134 top‑flight seasons, with 55 league titles secured; a 41.0% success rate. While [[Rugby League Park|Apollo Projects Stadium]] in [[Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]] ([[Crusaders (rugby union)|Crusaders]] in [[Rugby union|Rugby Union]]) boasts 57.1% over 14 seasons<ref name=":0" />. Whilst Windsor Park in Belfast ([[Linfield F.C.|Linfield FC]] in [[association football|football]]) stands at 47.1% across 121 seasons.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Celtic Park remains one of the world’s most consistently successful sporting venues.

==Structure and facilities==
===Stadium design===
[[File:Celtic Park inside - 1.jpg|thumb|right|Interior view showing the stadium design of Celtic Park]] 
Celtic Park was an oval stadium, but has been converted to a rectangular stadium. It is intended to create an enclosed and intimidating atmosphere for big games.<ref name = "Inglis435"/><ref name = "bbc poll"/> The ground is split into four geographic sections, officially known as the North, [[Jock Stein]] (West), [[Lisbon Lions]] (East) and Main (South) Stands. The North, East and West stands form a continuous two tier loop.<ref name = "sfgg"/> The two end stands each have a capacity of 13,000, while the North Stand holds 27,000. The Main Stand holds just under 8,000, giving a total capacity of {{SPFL-stadiums|celtic}}.<ref name = "spfl"/> It received 60% of the votes when [[BBC Radio 5 Live]] conducted a poll in 2002 to find the favourite sports venue in the United Kingdom.<ref name = "bbc poll">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/c/celtic/2197207.stm|title=Celtic Park voted top venue|publisher=BBC Sport|date=16 August 2002|access-date=13 November 2011}}</ref>

===Stands of Celtic Park===
[[File:John "Jock" Stein Bronze statue outside Celtic Parkhead stadium by sculptor John McKenna.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Bronze statue of [[Jock Stein]] (1922–1985) outside stadium, by sculptor [[John McKenna (sculptor)|John McKenna]].]]
The North Stand is squeezed into a tight space between the pitch and the Eastern Necropolis cemetery.<ref name = "Inglis435"/> Part of the upper tier is [[cantilever]]ed over the graveyard.<ref name = "Inglis435"/> To save at least £1 million of additional steelwork, fourteen internal pillars were installed to support the roof.<ref name = "Inglis435"/> Some local residents objected to the North Stand because of the shadow cast over the cemetery, which Celtic believed was necessary to complete the overall project.<ref name = "councillors back plan"/> The proposals were passed because the local officials felt that Celtic had come up with the best solution possible to the problem.<ref name = "councillors back plan"/> Celtic paid £10,000 to compensate residents who had been promised open space "from the centre of the earth to the sky".<ref name = "Inglis435"/> The structure also had to take account of the need to maintain access into the North Stand along Janefield Street, which has been closed to the public since the redevelopment.<ref name = "councillors back plan">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/councillors-approve-22m-celtic-park-plan-1.482124 |work=The Herald |publisher=Herald & Times Group|title=Councillors approve £22m Celtic Park plan|date=5 October 1994|first=John|last=MacCalman|access-date=10 November 2011}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Between the two tiers there are 18 executive boxes and a restaurant.<ref name = "Inglis435"/> There are 1600 seats in the lower section of the North Stand which have a heated element, operated by a foot switch.<ref name = "Inglis435"/>

The Main (South) Stand is now the oldest part of the stadium, having first been built in 1929,<ref name = "Inglis432"/> although a new roof was installed in 1971<ref name = "Inglis432"/> and the facade was rebuilt in 1988.<ref name = "Inglis433"/> Translucent sheets were added to the Main Stand roof in 1998, to allow more sunlight to reach the pitch.<ref name = "sfgg"/> Suspended from the roof girder of the Main Stand is a glass-fronted box, which used to house the [[press box]], but was converted into two executive boxes in 1988.<ref name = "Inglis435"/> Alongside the main horizontal truss are two retractable columns.<ref name = "Inglis435"/> These can swing down to a fixing point on the rear wall of the former paddock, which provides additional stability in case of high winds or heavy snow.<ref name = "Inglis432"/><ref name = "Inglis435"/>

The East Stand opened in 1996; it was renamed in 2000 after the Lisbon Lions, the Celtic team that won the [[1967 European Cup Final]].<ref name ="ll stand">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/623572.stm|title=Weather blow to fans' hopes |publisher=BBC News|date=29 January 2000|access-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> The renaming ceremony was a few days after a Scottish Cup tie had to be postponed after strong winds had damaged guttering in the stand.<ref name ="ll stand"/> Away team fans are housed in the Lisbon Lions Stand, in the south east corner of the ground.<ref name = "sfgg"/> Some of the away section has its view restricted<ref name = "sfgg"/> by one of the supporting pillars of the Main Stand. Celtic offer a discounted price on these seats.<ref name = "sfgg"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.celticfc.net/about_faqs#faq |title=Club FAQs |work=Celticfc.net |publisher=Celtic FC |access-date=13 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101225447/http://www.celticfc.net/about_faqs |archive-date=1 November 2011  }}</ref>

Writing in 1996, Simon Inglis noted that the approaches to the Main Stand were an area of urban deprivation "reminiscent of [[Belfast]] during [[the Troubles]]".<ref name = "Inglis435">{{harvnb|Inglis|1996|p=435}}</ref> Redevelopment work was carried out in the land surrounding the stadium ahead of the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]], in a scheme dubbed the Celtic Triangle,<ref name = "makeover">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/makeover-planned-in-paradise-1.990290 |work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |publisher=Herald & Times Group|title=Makeover planned in Paradise|first=Gerry|last=Braiden|date=7 December 2009|access-date=8 November 2011}}</ref> in addition to extensive rebuilding of housing in the nearby [[Barrowfield]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSA00777|title=Barrowfield Housing|publisher=The Glasgow Story|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> [[Dalmarnock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/15231951.Bid_to_build_more_homes_at_city_s_Athletes__Village/|title=Glasgow Athletes' Village in bid to build 125 new homes in tented site|work=Evening Times|date=18 April 2017|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> and Parkhead residential districts and the construction of the [[Commonwealth Arena and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome]] directly opposite the stadium.<ref name=2014NISA>{{cite web |url=http://www.glasgow2014.com/the_games/athletes_village_and_venues/venues/nisa__sir_chris_hoy_velodrome.aspx |title=National Indoor Sports Arena (NISA) & Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome Precinct |publisher=2014 Commonwealth Games website |access-date=26 September 2017 |archive-date=28 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028090929/http://www.glasgow2014.com/the_games/athletes_village_and_venues/venues/nisa__sir_chris_hoy_velodrome.aspx |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Since 2005, statues of [[Brother Walfrid]],<ref name = "walfrid">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/what-walfrid-is-saying-to-fans-today-1.38425|title=What Walfrid is saying to fans today|first=Ron|last=Ferguson|work=The Herald|publisher=Herald & Times Group|date=3 November 2005|access-date=10 November 2011}}</ref> [[Jimmy Johnstone]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.stv.tv/scotland/64090-statue-of-jimmy-johnstone-unveiled/|title=Statue of Jimmy Johnstone unveiled|work=[[STV (TV network)|STV]]|publisher=[[STV Group (Scotland)|STV Group]]|date=13 December 2008|access-date=13 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111172439/http://news.stv.tv/scotland/64090-statue-of-jimmy-johnstone-unveiled/|archive-date=11 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Jock Stein]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/celtic/8363460/Celtic-unveil-Jock-Stein-statue.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/celtic/8363460/Celtic-unveil-Jock-Stein-statue.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Celtic unveil Jock Stein statue|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=5 March 2011|access-date=13 November 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and [[Billy McNeill]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/35142234 |title=Celtic reveal Billy McNeill tribute statue |publisher=BBC Sport |date=19 December 2015 |access-date=4 March 2017}}</ref> have been erected outside the Main Stand.

[[File:Jimmy Johnstone.JPG|thumb|upright=0.9|right|Statue of [[Jimmy Johnstone]] (1944–2006).]]
In summer 2015, the exterior of the stadium was adorned with a display of printed banners which will remain permanently.<ref name=seen>{{cite news|url=http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/13417891.Art_Attack__See_Celtic_Park_as_you_have_never_seen_it_before/|title=Art Attack: See Celtic Park as you have never seen it before|work=Evening Times|date=14 July 2015|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> Fifteen green-coloured sections at either end of the stadium – each 21 metres high – form a display which reads 'Paradise' and depicts images of noted players from throughout the club's history (58 players in total, with a different set shown on each stand). Photographic banners of significant events and trophy wins are displayed on further panels at the corners between the main stand and the end stands. The project was controlled by the ''Frame'' agency with design input from [[Coatbridge]]-based artist Jim Scullion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/coatbridge-sports-artist-jim-world-class-2826549|title=Coatbridge sports artist Jim is world-class|publisher=Daily Record|date=6 June 2012|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=seen/>

===Possible developments===
Celtic have considered the possibility of increasing the capacity of Celtic Park by redeveloping the Main Stand.<ref name = "not leaving"/> A completed two-tier bowl stadium would give Celtic Park a capacity of nearly 75,000.<ref name = "Inglis435"/> Celtic [[chief executive]] [[Peter Lawwell]] stated in April 2007 that another 8,000 could be added to the capacity, but the work was not considered cost-effective.<ref name = "not leaving">{{cite news|url=http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/sport/display.var.1364337.0.strachans_not_leaving_for_england_lawwell.php|title=Strachan's not leaving for England – Lawwell|work=[[Evening Times]]|publisher=Herald & Times Group|date=30 April 2007|access-date=13 November 2011|archive-date=8 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208092428/http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/sport/display.var.1364337.0.strachans_not_leaving_for_england_lawwell.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> This position was re-iterated in November 2022, when Celtic chief executive Michael Nicholson estimated that redeveloping the main stand would cost up to £100 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/celtic-chief-executive-michael-nicholson-has-no-immediate-plans-to-redevelop-celtic-park |title=Michael Nicholson has no immediate plans to redevelop Celtic Park |website=STV Sport |date=4 November 2022 |accessdate=4 November 2022}}</ref>

In February 2017, Celtic published plans for a hotel and museum development in an area of land between the Main Stand and London Road.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-39043219 |title=Celtic unveils plans for hotel and museum complex |publisher=BBC News |date=21 February 2017 |access-date=21 February 2017}}</ref> Those outline plans were approved in September 2017, with conditions about the size of any retail space.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-41428428|title=Celtic get go-ahead for hotel and museum project|publisher=BBC News|date=28 September 2017|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref name = planning2020/> Amended plans were submitted in July 2020.<ref name = planning2020>{{cite news |url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/18591687.celtic-fc-takes-steps-continue-hotel-museum-plans-parkhead/ |title=Celtic FC takes steps to continue hotel and museum plans at Parkhead |newspaper=Glasgow Times |date=18 July 2020 |accessdate=28 January 2023 |first=Ema |last=Sabljak}}</ref>

==Other uses==
[[File:Waiting for the Opening Ceremony (geograph 4090609).jpg|thumb|right|Celtic Park hosted the [[2014 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony]]]]
Celtic Park has been a [[Scotland national football team home stadium|home venue]] for the [[Scotland national football team]] over 20 times, the most of any ground apart from the national stadium, [[Hampden Park]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://londonhearts.com/scotland/misc/venues.html|title=Scotland Home Record by Venue|work=londonhearts.com|publisher=London Hearts Supporters' Club|year=2004|access-date=12 November 2011}}</ref> Scotland secured qualification for the [[1998 FIFA World Cup]] with a 2–0 win against [[Latvia national football team|Latvia]] at Celtic Park<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/made-in-scotland-fashioned-with-skill-and-a-lot-of-grit-1.375377|title=Made in Scotland, fashioned with skill and a lot of grit|first=Ken|last=Gallacher|work=The Herald|publisher=Herald & Times Group|date=13 October 1997|access-date=12 November 2011}}</ref> having beaten [[Austria national football team|Austria]] there by the same scoreline earlier in the [[1998 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 4|qualifying process]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/scotland-inspired-by-gallacher-football-1264990.html|title=Scotland inspired by Gallacher: Football|first=Phil|last=Shaw|work=The Independent|date=2 April 1997|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> and in [[UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying Group B|2006]] achieved a 6–0 scoreline against the [[Faroe Islands national football team|Faroe Islands]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/0254-0d7b8e457ee3-780049b319fb-1000--scotland-surge-sees-off-faroes/|title=Scotland surge sees off Faroes|date=2 September 2006|access-date=26 September 2017|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> at the stadium after Hampden was double-booked with a [[Robbie Williams]] concert.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/burns-expects-scotland-to-enliven-group-of-death-with-faroe-cruise-414013.html |title=Burns expects Scotland to enliven 'group of death' with Faroe cruise|date=30 August 2006|access-date=26 September 2017|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>

The ground most recently hosted a Scotland game in November 2014 (a [[UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying Group D|UEFA Euro 2016 qualifier]] against [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]], won 1–0)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/european-qualifiers/news/0253-0d7f819659a3-f71831d8b03f-1000--maloney-earns-scotland-win-against-ireland/ |title=Maloney earns Scotland win against Ireland|date=14 November 2014|access-date=26 September 2017|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> when Hampden was unavailable because it had been reconfigured for use as an athletics stadium during the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30044407 |title=Scotland: Gordon Strachan hails Celtic Park atmosphere |publisher=BBC Sport |date=13 November 2014 |access-date=17 November 2014}}</ref> Celtic Park also hosted both national cup finals during the [[2013–14 in Scottish football|2013–14]] season for this reason.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/scotland/26036144 |title=Scottish League Cup final: Celtic Park hosts Aberdeen v Inverness |publisher=BBC Sport |date=5 February 2014 |access-date=19 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/24740105 |title=Celtic Park to host 2013/2014 Scottish Cup final |publisher=BBC Sport |date=30 October 2013 |access-date=19 May 2014}}</ref> While Hampden Park was being redeveloped during the 1990s, Celtic Park hosted the [[1993 Scottish Cup Final|1993]]<ref name = "Inglis434"/> and [[1998 Scottish Cup Final|1998]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_cup_fixture_details.cfm?page=1283&matchID=18280|title=The Scottish Cup|publisher=[[Scottish Football Association]]|work=Scottishfa.co.uk|access-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> [[Scottish Cup Final]]s and the [[1993 Scottish League Cup Final|1993]],<ref name="rsssf lc">{{cite news|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/scotleagcuphist.html |title=Scotland – List of League Cup Finals |work=James M. Ross |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |date=4 November 2011 |access-date=13 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031174636/http://rsssf.com/tabless/scotleagcuphist.html |archive-date=31 October 2013  }}</ref> [[1996 Scottish League Cup Final|1996]]<ref name = "rsssf lc"/> and [[1998 Scottish League Cup Final|1998]]<ref>{{cite news|first=David|last=McKinney|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4948945.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125112106/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4948945.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|title=Rangers stutter to tense victory|work=[[The Independent]]|date=30 November 1998|access-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> [[Scottish League Cup]] Finals, all five featuring [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]], which were played before, during and after Celtic Park's own major redevelopments.

Before the [[First World War]], Celtic Park was a multi-event venue.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> It hosted the first ever [[composite rules shinty-hurling]] match in Scotland, in 1897.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0084/ |title=The first combined shinty/hurling match 1897|publisher=BBC |work=A Sporting Nation|date=November 2005|access-date=8 November 2011}}</ref> [[Track and field]] meetings were held every summer, while the only [[UCI Track Cycling World Championships|World Cycling Championship]] to be staged in Scotland was held at Celtic Park in [[1897 ICA Track Cycling World Championships|1897]].<ref name = "Inglis432"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecelticwiki.com/page/Celtic+Park+-+Cycling|title=Celtic Park - Cycling (contemporary newspaper reports)|via=The Celtic Wiki|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref> An experimental floodlit football game was played on Christmas Day 1893.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> This was unsuccessful due to the ball repeatedly striking the lamps, which were hung over the pitch by wiring.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> [[Rugby league]] football was first played in Scotland at Celtic Park, when it hosted a game between a [[Rugby Football League|Northern Rugby Football Union]] representative side and the touring [[Australia national rugby league team|Australian team]] in 1909.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland|url=http://www.rlwc2013.com/teams/scotland|work=rlwc2013.com|publisher=[[Rugby League International Federation]]|access-date=22 September 2013|archive-date=25 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925194631/http://www.rlwc2013.com/teams/scotland|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Open-air [[Mass (Catholic Church)|Masses]] and a parade for the [[Coronation of King George V]] were staged.<ref name = "Inglis432"/> Celtic Park, along with many other football stadiums, hosted recruitment drives during the First World War.<ref name = "fallen"/> During one such event at Celtic Park, a demonstration of [[trench warfare]] was carried out.<ref name = "Inglis432"/><ref name="fallen">{{cite news|url=http://www.celticfc.net/newsstory?item=1743 |title=Bravery of fallen heroes |work=Celticfc.net |publisher=Celtic FC |date=11 November 2011 |access-date=11 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012204312/http://www.celticfc.net/news/1743 |archive-date=12 October 2016 }}</ref> The quarter-final of the [[1913 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|All-Ireland Hurling Championship]] between [[Kilkenny county hurling team|Kilkenny]] and [[Scotland GAA|Glasgow]] was held at the stadium on 21 June 1913.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kilkenny hurlers in Glasgow |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001730/19130621/035/0002 |access-date=8 January 2025 |work=Evening Herald (Dublin) |date=21 June 1913}}</ref> The first pukka [[motorcycle speedway|speedway]] race meeting in Scotland was held at Celtic Park on 28 April 1928. It staged 12 meetings in all before closing in July 1928<ref name = "Inglis432"/> (although some of the events may have been staged at the neighbouring [[Nelson Recreation Ground]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecelticwiki.com/page/Celtic+Park+-+Speedway|title=Glasgows Speedways - the pre war years|author=Jim Henry|via=The Celtic Wiki|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref>

Celtic Park has been used for concerts by [[the Who]] ([[The Who Tour 1976|1976]]), [[Bryan Adams]] (1992), [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] ([[Diamonds and Pearls Tour|1992]]) and [[U2]] ([[Zoo TV Tour|1993]]). [[Wet Wet Wet]] played there in September 1997, but their performance had to be postponed by a day to avoid clashing with the [[funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/CAUGHT+LIVE%3B+WET+WET+WET,+CELTIC+PARK.-a060995705|title=Caught Live|work=Daily Record|date=12 September 1997|access-date=12 November 2011|first=Rick|last=Fulton}}</ref> [[Paul McCartney]] planned a Celtic Park date in his 2003 [[Back in the World tour]], but it was cancelled.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sundayherald.com/32168|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030417175943/http://www.sundayherald.com/32168 |archive-date=17 April 2003|title=After 13 years, Macca's back for maybe his last Scottish gig|first=Liam|last=McDougall|work=Sunday Herald|publisher=Herald & Times Group|date=16 March 2003|access-date=12 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/music-news/2010/02/28/sir-paul-mccartney-set-to-play-glasgow-gig-for-first-time-in-20-years-86908-22075213/ |title=Sir Paul McCartney set to play Glasgow gig for first time in 20 years |first1=Billy |last1=Sloan |first2=Mike |last2=Merritt |work=Sunday Mail |date=28 February 2010 |access-date=12 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728091754/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/music-news/2010/02/28/sir-paul-mccartney-set-to-play-glasgow-gig-for-first-time-in-20-years-86908-22075213/ |archive-date=28 July 2010 }}</ref> American [[evangelical Christian]] missionary [[Billy Graham]] held an outdoor event at the ground in 1991, his first visit to Scotland since 1955.<ref name = "graham">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/paradise-enow-1.518411|title=Paradise enow|date=11 June 1991|access-date=12 November 2011|work=The Herald|publisher=Herald & Times Group}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> One of the supporting speakers was [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] player [[Brian Irvine (footballer)|Brian Irvine]], who had scored the winning [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty kick]] against Celtic in the [[1990 Scottish Cup Final]].<ref name = "graham"/>

Celtic Park was used for the opening ceremony of the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] opened by Queen [[Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.glasgow2014.com/the_games/athletes_village_and_venues/venues/celtic_park.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312072448/http://www.glasgow2014.com/the_games/athletes_village_and_venues/venues/celtic_park.aspx|url-status=usurped|archive-date=12 March 2010|title=Celtic Park|publisher=Glasgow 2014|access-date=8 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-28440453 |title=Glasgow 2014: Commonwealth Games begin at Celtic Park |publisher=BBC News |date=24 July 2014 |access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref> With Hampden also being used for the Games, Celtic played two European ties at [[Murrayfield Stadium]] instead.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26571570 |title=Celtic choose Murrayfield for Champions League qualifiers |publisher=BBC Sport |date=13 March 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/28656118 |title=Celtic 0&ndash;2 Legia Warsaw |first=Alasdair |last=Lamont |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 August 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/28406544 |title=Celtic manager Ronny Deila praises Murrayfield pitch |publisher=BBC Sport |date=21 July 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Owing to further redevelopment work on Celtic Park in 2015,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/exclusive-celtic-park-boasts-a-whole-new-look-thanks-to-groundbreaking-branding-proje.131967206 |title=Exclusive: Celtic Park boasts a whole new look thanks to groundbreaking branding project |work=The Herald |publisher=Herald & Times Group |first=Gary |last=Keown |date=14 July 2015 |access-date=15 July 2015}}</ref> Celtic scheduled three pre-season games for [[St Mirren Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33035314 |title=Celtic face David Moyes' Real Sociedad in pre-season |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 June 2015 |access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref>

Celtic Park hosted the 2018&ndash;19 final of the [[Pro14]], contested by [[Leinster Rugby|Leinster]] and [[Glasgow Rugby|Glasgow]], which was the first [[rugby union]] match played on the ground.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/44008179|title=Pro14: Celtic Park to stage the 2018-19 Final |publisher=BBC Sport |date=4 May 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/48396208 |title=Glasgow Warriors 15-18 Leinster: Holders win Pro14 final at Celtic Park |first=Tom |last=English |publisher=BBC Sport |date=25 May 2019 |access-date=25 May 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==

The main railway stations in Glasgow, [[Glasgow Central railway station|Central]] and [[Glasgow Queen Street railway station|Queen Street]], are approximately 45 minutes walking distance from Celtic Park.<ref name = "sfgg">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311162746/http://www.footballgroundguide.com/scotland//celtic.htm |archive-date=11 March 2016 |url=http://www.scottishgrounds.co.uk/celtic.htm |access-date=9 November 2011 |title=Celtic|publisher=Duncan Adams|work=Scottish Football Ground Guide}}</ref> Local trains from Glasgow Central on the [[Argyle Line]] serve [[Dalmarnock railway station|Dalmarnock]], which is about 10 minutes walking distance from the ground.<ref name = "sfgg"/> Fans travelling to Celtic Park also use [[Duke Street railway station|Duke Street]] located half a mile away, with [[Bellgrove railway station|Bellgrove]] and [[Bridgeton railway station|Bridgeton]] stations, both approximately one mile away.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/transport/parkhead_and_ibrox_should_get_their_own_rail_stations_1_1957090|title=Parkhead and Ibrox 'should get their own rail stations' |first=Alastair|last=Dalton |date=10 November 2011|access-date=10 November 2011|work=[[The Scotsman]]|publisher=Johnston Press}}</ref> Between 1897 and 1964, Celtic Park was served by the eponymous [[Parkhead Stadium railway station]].<ref name=butt>Butt (1995)</ref> The stadium is served by [[First Glasgow]] bus route numbers 2 ,  8 , 61 , 64 , 240 and 255 along with [[McGills]] service 164 .<ref name="location">{{cite news|url=http://celticfc.net/about_location |title=Location |work=Celticfc.net |publisher=Celtic F.C. |access-date=9 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101225625/http://www.celticfc.net/about_location |archive-date=1 November 2011  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Greater Glasgow Network Map |url=http://www.firstgroup.com/ukbus/glasgow/assets/pdfs/maps/Glasgow_Network_Map.pdf |publisher=[[First Glasgow]]|access-date=16 July 2011 }}</ref> Celtic Park sits adjacent to the [[A74 road|A74]] (London Road), near to the [[M74 motorway|M74]] and [[M8 motorway (Scotland)|M8]] motorways.<ref name = "sfgg"/><ref name = "location"/> Visitors to the ground travelling by car can park in the surrounding streets.<ref name = "sfgg"/> The new [[Glasgow East End Regeneration Route]], which links the two motorways, runs close by Celtic Park.<ref name = "makeover"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-17853017|title=New £25m Clyde Gateway road opens in Glasgow|publisher=BBC News|date=26 April 2012|access-date=24 June 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Stadium relocations in Scottish football]]
*[[List of football stadiums in Scotland]]
*[[Lists of stadiums]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

; Sources
*{{Butt-Stations}}
*{{cite book| first = Simon  | last = Inglis  | title = Football Grounds of Britain  | year = 1996  | publisher = Collins Willow  | isbn = 0-00-218426-5  }}

{{Commons category|Celtic Park}}
{{S-start}}
{{succession box |
  title=[[UCI Track Cycling World Championships]]<br /> Venue|
  before=[[Ordrup Velodrome]] <br /> [[Copenhagen]] |
  after=[[Ernst-Happel-Stadion|Prater Park]] <br/> [[Vienna]]|
  years=[[1897 ICA Track Cycling World Championships|1897]]
}}
{{S-end}}

{{Celtic F.C.}}
{{Football in Glasgow}}
{{Football venues in Scotland}}
{{Motorcycle speedway tracks}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Celtic F.C.]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Glasgow]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Glasgow]]
[[Category:Football venues in Glasgow]]
[[Category:2014 Commonwealth Games venues]]
[[Category:Scottish Premier League venues]]
[[Category:Scottish Football League venues]]
[[Category:Parkhead]]
[[Category:Defunct speedway venues in Scotland]]
[[Category:Scottish Professional Football League venues]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1892]]
[[Category:1892 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Scotland national football team venues]]
[[Category:Cycle racing in Scotland]]
[[Category:Defunct velodromes in the United Kingdom]]