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{{Short description|Town in Greater Manchester, England}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country            = England
| official_name = Chadderton
| type                  = Town
| coordinates    = {{coord|53.5462|-2.1426|display=inline,title}}
| population      = 34,818
| map_alt           = Chadderton is in the north east of Greater Manchester, in the south-central part of North West England.
| population_ref           = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011&nbsp;Census]])
| population_density       = {{convert|6900|/sqmi|/km2|abbr=on}}
| parts_type               = Areas of the town
 | p1                       = [[Busk. Greater Manchester|Busk]]
 | p2                       = [[Butler Green]]
 | p3                       = [[Chadderton Fold]]
 | p4                       = [[Firwood Park]]
 | p5                       = [[Foxdenton]]
 | p6                       = [[Holden Fold]]
 | p7                       = [[Nimble Nook]]
 | p8                       = Town Centre
| metropolitan_borough     = [[Metropolitan Borough of Oldham|Oldham]]
| metropolitan_county      = [[Greater Manchester]]
| region                   = North West England
| constituency_westminster = [[Oldham West and Royton (UK Parliament constituency)|Oldham West and Royton]]
| post_town                = OLDHAM
| postcode_district        = OL1, OL9
| postcode_area            = OL
| dial_code                = 0161
| os_grid_reference        = SD905055
| london_distance          = {{convert|165|mi|km|abbr=on}} [[Boxing the compass|SSE]]
| static_image_name        = Chadderton Town Hall (front).jpg
| static_image_alt         = The front of a grand red-brick two-storey structure that is viewed from the ground upwards. It has a complex facade with a central entranceway surrounded by many windows at regular intervals. The roof is crowned by a green cupola and the clear sky appears as a vivid azure.
| static_image_caption     = [[Chadderton Town Hall]]
}}

'''Chadderton''' is a town in the [[Metropolitan Borough of Oldham]], [[Greater Manchester]], England, on the [[River Irk]] and [[Rochdale Canal]]. It is located in the foothills of the [[Pennines]], {{convert|1|mi|km|1}} west of [[Oldham]], {{convert|5|mi|km|1}} south of [[Rochdale]] and {{convert|6|mi|km|1}} north-east of [[Manchester]]. The town is near the [[A627(M)]] [[motorway]].

[[Historic counties of England|Historically]] part of [[Lancashire]], Chadderton's early history is marked by its status as a [[manorialism|manorial]] [[Township (England)|township]], with its own [[lord]]s, who included the [[Assheton baronets|Asshetons]], Chethams, Radclyffes and [[De Trafford baronets|Traffords]]. Chadderton in the [[Middle Ages]] was chiefly distinguished by two mansions, Foxdenton Hall and Chadderton Hall, and by the families who occupied them. Farming was the main industry of the area, with locals supplementing their incomes by [[hand-loom]] [[woollen]] weaving in the [[domestic system]].

Chadderton's urbanisation coincided largely with developments in [[textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution]]. A late-19th century factory-building boom transformed Chadderton from a rural township into a major [[mill town]] and the second most populous [[Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|urban district]] in the United Kingdom. More than 50&nbsp;[[cotton mill]]s had been built in Chadderton by 1914. Although Chadderton's industries declined in the mid-20th century, the town continued to grow as a result of [[suburbanisation]] and [[urban renewal]]. The legacy of the town's industrial past remains visible in its landscape of red-brick cotton mills.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1244330 |desc=Manor Mill |access-date=22 December 2008 |mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE |num=1376626 |desc=Chadderton Mill |access-date=22 December 2008 |mode=cs2}}</ref>

==History==
===Toponymy===
The name Chadderton derives from ''Caderton'', which is believed to be a combination of the [[Brythonic languages|Brythonic]] word ''Cader'' or ''Cater'' (modern {{langx|cy|[[Caer]]}}), indicating a fortified place amongst the hills, or the ''cadeir'', "chair, throne",<ref name="bliton">{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Alan |title=A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence |url=http://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary.pdf |website=SPNS – The Brittonic Language in the Old North |access-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813011121/http://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> and the [[Old English]] suffix ''[[List of generic forms in British place names|-ton]]'' meaning a settlement.<ref name="Chadderton7">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=7}}.</ref><ref name="Looking3">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=3}}.</ref><ref name="Plan"/> The [[University of Nottingham]]'s Institute for Name-Studies has offered a similar suggestion, that the name Chadderton means "farm or settlement at the hill called Cadeir".<ref>{{citation | author = University of Nottingham's Institute for Name-Studies| author-link = University of Nottingham| title = Chadderton| publisher =  nottingham.ac.uk| url = http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/ins/kepn/detailpop.php?placeno=12887 | access-date =17 June 2008}}</ref> This name is believed to date from the 7th century, when [[Angles (tribe)|Angles]] colonised the region following the [[Battle of Chester]].<ref name="Ballard11-12">{{Harvnb|Ballard|1986|pp=11–12}}.</ref> It has been suggested that the Anglian settlers found a few Brythonic Celts already inhabiting what is now called Chadderton, and borrowed their name for the hill, "Chadder", adding their own word for a settlement to the end.<ref name="Bateson3">{{Harvnb|Bateson|1949|p=3}}</ref> Archaic spellings include Chaderthon, Chaderton, Chaterton and Chatherton.<ref name="County of Lancs">{{Harvnb|Brownbill|Farrer|1911|pp=115–121}}.</ref> The first known written record of the name Chadderton is in a legal document relating to land tenure, in about 1220.<ref name="Looking3"/>

===Early history===
[[File:River Irk, Chadderton.jpg|thumb|right|alt=View down a small river, bending to the left, crossed by a wooden footbridge in the middle distance.|upright=1.3|Chadderton Fold by the [[River Irk]], the ancient centre of the township of Chadderton, where [[Dark Ages (historiography)|Dark Age]] and medieval relics have been discovered]]
The [[English toponymy|study of place names]] in Chadderton suggests that the ancient [[Britons (historic)|Britons]] once inhabited the area.<ref name="Bateson3"/> Remains of [[Roman road]]s have been discovered running through the town,<ref name="Chadderton7"/><ref name="County of Lancs"/> and the local road name ''Streetbridge'' suggests that the Romans once marched along it on a path which may have led to [[Blackstone Edge]].<ref name="Looking3"/><ref name="Plan"/> Relics found at a [[tumulus]] in Chadderton Fold date from the Early Middle Ages, probably from the early period of [[history of Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon England]],<ref name="Looking3"/><ref name="County of Lancs"/> when Angles settled in the area and Chadderton emerged as a [[manorialism|manor]] of the [[Salford (hundred)|hundred of Salford]].

Chadderton is not recorded in the [[Domesday Book]] of&nbsp;1086. Its first appearance in a written record is in a legal document from around&nbsp;1220, which states that Robert, Rector of Prestwich, gave land to Richard, son of Gilbert, in exchange for an annual fee of one silver penny.<ref name="Looking3"/> Following the [[Norman conquest of England|Norman conquest]], Chadderton was made a constituent manor of the wider Royal Estate of [[Tottington, Greater Manchester|Tottington]], an extensive [[Fee simple|fee]] held by the [[Normans|Norman]] overlord, [[Roger de Montbegon]].<ref name="Chadderton7"/><ref name="Looking4">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=4}}.</ref> Taxation and governance continued on this basis throughout the Middle Ages, with the Barons Montbegon of [[Hornby Castle, Lancashire|Hornby Castle]] holding the estate, until it passed to the [[de Lacy|Barons Lacy]] of [[Clitheroe Castle]], and then onto local families.<ref name="Chadderton7"/> In about&nbsp;1235, the sub-manor of Chadderton and Foxdenton passed from Richard de Trafford of Trafford Park to Geoffrey de Trafford, who adopted the surname of Chadderton, thus founding the Chadderton family.<ref name="Plan"/> During the High Middle Ages, pieces of land in Chadderton were granted to religious orders and institutions, including [[Cockersand Abbey]] and the [[Knights Hospitaller]].<ref name="Looking3"/>

The [[manorialism|manorial]] system was strong in Chadderton, and this lent distinction to the township,<ref name="Chadderton7"/> in a region which otherwise had weak local lordship.<ref name="McNev2">{{Harvnb|McNeil|Nevell|2000|p=2}}.</ref> Throughout the Middle Ages, the manor of Chadderton constituted a [[Township (England)|township]], centred on the hill by the banks of the [[River Irk]], known as Chadderton Fold.<ref name="Chadderton7"/> The fold consisted of a cluster of cottages centred on Chadderton Hall [[manor house]], and a water-powered [[Gristmill|corn mill]].<ref name="Chadderton7"/> Chadderton Hall was owned and occupied by the de Chaddertons. Geoffrey de Chadderton became the [[Lord of the Manor]] of Tottington in the 13th century.<ref name="Chad1907">{{citation |title=Chadderton|edition=1907|publisher=Alan Godfrey Maps|isbn=978-1-84151-159-7|section=[[Ordnance Survey]] Lancashire Sheet 97.05|year=2008}}</ref><ref name="Looking5">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=5}}.</ref> The de Chaddertons' involvement in regional and national affairs gave prestige to what was otherwise an obscure and rural township. [[William Chaderton]] was [[Bishop of Chester]] from 1579 to 1595 and held distinguished academic posts such as [[Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity]].<ref name="Looking5"/><ref>{{Harvnb|Horn|Smith|Mussett|2004|pp=37–42}}.</ref> [[Laurence Chaderton]] was the first Master of [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]] and among the first translators of the [[King James Version of the Bible]].<ref name="Looking5"/>  Tottington was dissolved in the mid-15th century and there came a succession of distinguished families, each headed by an [[esquire]] with links to the [[monarchs of England]]. The Radclyffe, Assheton, and Horton families provided six [[High Sheriff of Lancashire|High Sheriffs of Lancashire]] and a [[Governor of the Isle of Man]].<ref name="Looking5"/>

Apart from the dignitaries who lived in Chadderton's [[manor house]]s, Chadderton's population during the Middle Ages comprised a small community of [[Retinue|retainer]]s, most of whom were occupied in farming, either growing and milling of grain and cereal or raising cattle, sheep, pigs and domestic fowl.<ref name="Plan"/> Workers supplemented their incomes by [[loom|hand-loom]] spinning and weaving of wool [[Putting-out system|at home]].<ref name="Chadderton7"/><ref name="Plan"/> The community was ravaged by an outbreak of the [[Black Death]] in 1646.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bateson|1949|p=41}}.</ref>

===Textiles and the Industrial Revolution===
{{further|List of mills in Chadderton}}
[[File:Elk Mill.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A five-storey cuboid factory composed of brick and windows. The view is from the ground at one corner of the factory. To the right, appearing from behind the factory, is a tall brick chimney. To the left are trees appearing black, and at their fringe, a square brick tower connected to the factory.|Built in 1926, Elk mill (on the [[Royton]]-Chadderton boundary)<ref name="ChadRoy1932">{{citation |title=North Chadderton & SW Royton |edition=1932 |publisher=Alan Godfrey Maps |isbn=978-1-84784-157-5 |section=[[Ordnance Survey]] Lancashire Sheet 97.01 |year=2008}}</ref> was one of the UK's largest and most modern cotton mills. It closed in 1998 and was demolished in 1999.]]
Until the mid-18th century, the region in and around Chadderton was dominated by dispersed agricultural settlements.<ref name="McNeil"/> During this period the population was fewer than 1,000, broadly consisting of farmers who were involved with [[pasture]], but who supplemented their incomes by working in [[Cottage industry|cottage industries]], particularly [[fustian]] and silk weaving.<ref name="Plan"/><ref name="Looking6">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=6}}.</ref> A [[fulling mill]] at Chadderton by the River Irk was recorded during the [[Elizabethan era]],<ref name="Looking6"/> and during the [[Early Modern Britain|Early Modern period]] the weavers of Chadderton had been using [[spinning wheel]]s in makeshift [[weavers' cottage]]s to produce [[woollen]]s. Primitive early 18th-century [[industrialisation]] developed slowly in Chadderton.<ref name="Plan"/> However, as the demand for cotton goods increased and the technology of [[cotton-spinning machinery]] improved during the mid-18th century, the need for larger structures to house bigger, better, and more efficient equipment became apparent. A [[Hydropower|water-powered]] cotton mill was built at Chadderton's [[Stock Brook]] in 1776.<ref name="Chad1907"/><ref name="Chadderton8">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=8}}.</ref><ref name="Chadderton63">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=63}}.</ref> The damp climate below the [[South Pennines]] provided ideal conditions for textile production to be carried out without the thread drying and breaking, and newly developed 19th-century mechanisation optimised cotton spinning for industrial-scale manufacture of [[yarn]] and fabric for the global market. As the [[Industrial Revolution]] advanced, [[socioeconomic]] conditions in the region contributed to Chadderton adopting [[Spinning (textiles)|cotton spinning]] in the [[factory system]], which became the dominant source of employment in the locality.<ref name="Looking6"/> The construction of multi-storey [[steam power]]ed mills followed, which initiated a process of [[urbanisation]] and cultural transformation in the region; the population increasingly moved away from farming and domestic weaving in favour of the mechanised production of cotton goods.<ref name="McNev2"/>

During this early period of change, Chadderton's parliamentary representation was limited to two [[Members of Parliament]] for [[Lancashire (UK Parliament constituency)|Lancashire]]. Nationally, the end of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] in 1815 had resulted in periods of famine and [[unemployment]] for textile workers.{{sfn|Frangopulo|1977|p=30}} Nevertheless, despite years of distress and unrest, major disturbances of machine-breaking did not occur until 1826.{{sfn|Cole|Postgate|1946|p=214}} By the beginning of 1819 the pressure generated by poor economic conditions, coupled with the lack of [[suffrage]] in [[Northern England]], had enhanced the appeal of [[Radicalism (historical)|political Radicalism]] in the region.{{sfn|Frangopulo|1977|p=30}} The Manchester Patriotic Union, a group agitating for parliamentary reform, began to organise a mass public demonstration in [[Manchester]] to demand the reform of parliamentary representation. Organised preparations took place, and a spy reported that in neighbouring [[Thornham, Greater Manchester|Thornham]], "seven hundred men drilled&nbsp;... as well as any army regiment would".<ref>{{Harvnb|McPhillips|1997|pp=22–23}}.</ref> A few days later, on 3 August, a royal proclamation forbidding the practice of drilling was posted in Manchester.<ref>{{Harvnb|Reid|1989|p=125}}.</ref> On 16 August 1819, Chadderton (like its neighbours) sent a contingent of its townsfolk to Manchester to join the mass political demonstration now known as the [[Peterloo Massacre]] (owing to the 15 deaths and 400–700 injuries which followed).<ref name="ChadRoy1932"/><ref>{{Harvnb|Marlow|1969|p=95}}.</ref> Two of the 15&nbsp;deceased were from the area: John Ashton of [[Cowhill, Greater Manchester|Cowhill]] and Thomas Buckley of [[Baretrees, Greater Manchester|Baretrees]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Marlow|1969|pp=150–151}}.</ref>

[[File:Kent Mill, Chadderton.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=A mahogany-coloured four-storey brick factory is bathed in sunlight in front of a vivid azure sky. The view is from the ground looking up at a corner of the many-windowed cuboid building which is crowned by a tower upon which the text KENT appears in white lettering. In the foreground is a tarmac street leading the factory's entrance.|Kent Mill was built in 1908 and was part of the [[Courtaulds]] Group. It closed in 1991, and was demolished in 1994.<ref name="Chad1907"/>]]

New markets in Europe and South America increased the demand for Britain's cheap cotton goods. Supplies of raw cotton were exported from [[plantations in the American South|plantation]]s in the United States to Manchester.<ref>{{Harvnb|Aspin|1981|p=4}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Gurr|Hunt|1998|p=5}}.</ref> From the markets in Manchester, mill owners from Chadderton and neighbouring towns bought their cotton to be processed into yarn and cloth. Supplies were cut during the [[Lancashire Cotton Famine]] of 1861–65 as a result of the [[American Civil War]], leading to the formation of the Chadderton [[Local Board of Health]] in 1873, whose purpose was to ensure social security and maintain hygiene and sanitation in the locality following the crisis.<ref name="Looking7">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=7}}.</ref> Despite a brief economic depression, the urban growth of Chadderton accelerated after the famine. The profitability of factory based cotton spinning meant that much of Chadderton's plentiful cheap open land, used for farming since antiquity, vanished under distinctive rectangular multi-storey brick-built factories—35 by 1891.<ref name="Looking6"/> Chadderton's former villages and hamlets [[Urban agglomeration|agglomerated]] as a [[mill town]] around these factories and a network of newly created roads, canals and railways.<ref name="Chadderton8"/><ref name="Chadderton27"/><ref name="McPhillips">{{Harvnb|McPhillips|1997|p=13}}</ref> The Chadderton landscape was "dominated by mill chimneys, many with the mill name picked out in white brick".<ref>{{Harvnb|Norwich|2004|p=497}}.</ref> Neighbouring [[Oldham]] (which by the 1870s had emerged as the largest and most productive mill town in the world)<ref name="McNeil">{{Harvnb|McNeil|Nevell|2000|p=29}}.</ref><ref name="Cotton of Oldham">{{Harvnb|Gurr|Hunt|1998|pp=4–5.}}</ref> encroached upon Chadderton's eastern boundary, urbanising the town and surrounds,<ref name="Top of England">{{Harvnb|Lewis|1848|pp=538–542.}}</ref> and forming a continuous urban cotton-spinning district with [[Royton]], [[Lees, Greater Manchester|Lees]] and [[Shaw and Crompton]]—the [[Oldham (UK Parliament constituency)|Oldham]] parliamentary constituency—which at its peak was responsible for 13&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent of the world's cotton production.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.visitoldham.co.uk/heritage/history.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070806150248/http://www.visitoldham.co.uk/heritage/history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 August 2007 |title=Heritage; The History of Oldham; Oldham History |publisher=visitoldham.co.uk |work=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=11 September 2009 }}</ref> These [[Victorian era]] developments shifted the commercial focus away from Chadderton Fold to the major arterial Middleton Road, by Chadderton's eastern boundary with Oldham.<ref name="Chad1907"/><ref name="Chadderton27">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=27}}.</ref> Sixty cotton mills were constructed in Chadderton between 1778 and 1926,<ref name="Looking6"/> and 6,000 people, a quarter of Chadderton's population, worked in these factories by the beginning of the 20th century.<ref name="Looking44">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=44}}.</ref> Industries ancillary to cotton spinning, such as engineering, [[coal mining]], bleaching and dyeing became established during this period, meaning the rest of Chadderton's population were otherwise involved in the sector. [[Philip Sydney Stott, 1st Baronet|Philip Stott]] was a Chadderton-born architect, [[civil engineer]] and [[surveying|surveyor]] of cotton mills. Stott's mills in Chadderton were some of the largest to be built in the United Kingdom, multiplying the town's industrial capacity and in turn increasing its population and productivity.<ref name="Cotton of Oldham 2">{{Harvnb|Gurr|Hunt|1998|p=17.}}</ref>
[[File:Colshaw Green Road, Chadderton.jpg|thumb|right|alt=View down a street of two-storey brick-built terraced houses.|A consequence of Chadderton's industrial development was its transformation from a rural manor to a densely populated [[working class]] town, with extensive areas of [[terraced house|terraced housing]].]]
The [[boomtown]] of Chadderton reached its industrial zenith in the 1910s, with over 50&nbsp;cotton mills within the town limits.<ref name="Chadderton8"/> A social consequence of this industrial growth was a densely populated metropolitan landscape, home to an extensive and enlarged [[working class]] community living in an [[urban sprawl]] of low quality [[terraced house]]s.<ref>{{Harvnb|Aspin|1981|pp=29–31}}.</ref> However, Chadderton developed an abundance of civic institutions including public street lighting, [[Carnegie library]], public swimming baths and council with its own town hall. The development of the town meant that the district council made initial steps to petition [[the Crown]] for honorific [[Borough status in the United Kingdom|borough status]] for Chadderton in the 1930s.<ref name="Chad1907"/><ref name="Looking7"/> However, the [[Great Depression in the United Kingdom|Great Depression]], and the [[First World War|First]] and [[Second World War]]s each contributed to periods of economic decline. As imports of cheaper foreign yarns and textile goods increased during the mid-20th century, Chadderton's textile sector declined to a halt; cotton spinning reduced dramatically in the 1960s and 1970s and by 1997 only two mills were operational.<ref name="Chadderton8"/> In spite of efforts to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of its production, the last cotton was spun in the town in 1998.<ref name="ChadRoy1932"/><ref name="Visit">{{citation|url=http://www.visitoldham.co.uk/heritage/chadderton.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080123075034/http://www.visitoldham.co.uk/heritage/chadderton.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 January 2008 |title=Chadderton |publisher=visitoldham.co.uk |access-date=11 September 2009 |work=[[Internet Archive]] }}</ref> Many of the redundant mills have now been demolished. Non-textile based industries continued on throughout the 20th century and into the 21st century, particularly in the form of aircraft and chemical manufacture at plants in south Chadderton and Foxdenton respectively.<ref name="Plan"/>

===Post-industrial history===
[[File:Firwood_Park_House_Example.png|thumb|left|Firwood Park housing estate in Chadderton, United Kingdom.]]
During the second half of the 20th&nbsp;century, Chadderton experienced accelerated [[deindustrialisation]] along with economic decline.<ref name="Chadderton8"/> Large areas of [[Victorian era|Victorian]] and [[Edwardian era]] [[terraced house|terraced housing]] were identified as unsuited for modern needs, and were subsequently demolished.<ref name="Chadderton33">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=3}}.</ref> However, the town's population continued to grow as a result of [[urban renewal]] and modern suburban housing developments.<ref name="Plan"/><ref name="Oldham Beyond"/> During the 1970s and 1980s, redevelopment in the form of new shopping, health and leisure facilities contributed to the growth and renewal of Chadderton.<ref name="Plan"/><ref name="Looking8">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=8}}.</ref> In&nbsp;1990, the new [[Firwood Park]], on the west side of Chadderton, was said to be the largest private housing estate in Europe.<ref name="Looking8"/><ref name="Chadderton10">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=10}}.</ref> Chadderton continued to be a regional hub for the [[secondary sector of the economy]] into the 21st century through [[BAE Systems]] and [[Zetex Semiconductors]], though BAE Chadderton closed in March 2012.<ref name="Visit"/><ref>{{citation |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-17234626 |title=BAE Chadderton, birthplace of Lancaster bomber, closes |date=2 March 2012 |access-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304191349/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-17234626 |archive-date=4 March 2012  }}</ref>  Other major employers include [[the Stationery Office]] and [[Trinity Mirror]].<ref name="Plan">{{citation|url=http://www.oldham.gov.uk/chadderton_area_plan_-_april_04b.pdf|publisher=oldham.gov.uk|title=Chadderton Area Plan|date=January 2004|access-date=20 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327154145/http://www.oldham.gov.uk/chadderton_area_plan_-_april_04b.pdf|archive-date=27 March 2009}}</ref><ref name="Visit"/>

==Governance==
[[File:Chadderton Urban District Council - coat of arms.png|thumb|right|alt=A white shield upon which emblems of two red roses and two red griffins appear at alternate corners. A black five-pointed star is in the centre of the shield's design between two black diagonal lines. Around the shield are red and white ribbons in a symmetrical design. Above the shield is a silver-coloured knight's helmet surmounted by grey anvil upon which a vivid azure-coloured eagle is perched, holding a grey shuttle. Below the shield is the motto "LABOR OMNIA VINCIT".|The [[coat of arms]] of the former [[Chadderton Urban District]] Council, granted by the [[College of Arms]] on 9 September 1955. The arms are emblematic of the history of Chadderton, incorporating in its design emblems from ancient manorial families, as well as symbols of industry.<ref>{{harvnb|Briggs|1971|p=100}}.</ref> The motto at bottom means "Labour Conquers Everything".<ref name="Looking31"/>]]
Lying within the [[Historic counties of England|historic county boundaries]] of [[Lancashire]] [[History of Lancashire|since the early 12th century]], the boundaries of Chadderton have varied from time to time.<ref name="County of Lancs"/> Chadderton anciently formed part of the [[Salford (hundred)|hundred of Salford]] for civil jurisdiction, but for manorial government, Chadderton was a constituent manor of the [[Tottington, Greater Manchester|Fee of Tottington]], whose overlords were the [[de Lacy]]s, Barons of [[Clitheroe Castle]].<ref name="Looking4"/> The de Chaddertons, Lords of the Manor of Chadderton, were accustomed to pay tax to the overlords until the division of Tottington.<ref name="Looking4"/><ref name="County of Lancs143-150">{{Harvnb|Brownbill|Farrer|1911|pp=143–150}}.</ref> In 1507, two constables were appointed to uphold [[Law and order (politics)|law and order]] in Chadderton.<ref name="Oldham Legion">{{Harvnb|Daly|p=29}}.</ref> Following a court case, in 1713 it was agreed that {{convert|20|acre|ha|0}} of Northmoor be within Chadderton with the rest belonging to Oldham.<ref>Local Notes and Gleanings: Oldham and Neighborhood in Bygone Times, Published 1888 |Retrieved 30 March 2016</ref>

Following the [[Poor Law Amendment Act 1834]], Chadderton formed part of the Oldham [[Poor Law Union]], an inter-parish unit established to provide social security. Chadderton's first [[local authority]] was a [[local board of health]] established in 1873; Chadderton Local Board of Health was a regulatory body responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation in the township. Following the [[Local Government Act 1894]], the area of the local board became the [[Chadderton Urban District]], a local government district within the [[Administrative counties of England|administrative county]] of Lancashire.<ref name="GM Gazetteer">{{citation |url=http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzc.htm |title=Greater Manchester Gazetteer|publisher=Greater Manchester County Record Office|access-date=17 June 2008|at=Places names – C|archive-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718144448/http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzc.htm}}</ref> The urban district council, comprising 18 members, would later be based out of Chadderton Town Hall, a purpose built municipal building opened in 1913.<ref name="Looking31">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=31}}.</ref> In 1933, there were exchanges of land with the neighbouring [[Municipal Borough of Middleton]] and City of Manchester.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/>

Chadderton was the second most populous [[Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|urban district]] in the United Kingdom by the 1930s, and the district council took initial steps to obtain [[municipal borough]] status, but this was not achieved. In 1926 and 1931, two Oldham Extension Bills for the [[County Borough of Oldham]] to amalgamate with Chadderton Urban District were rejected by the [[House of Lords]], following objections from neighbouring councils.<ref name="Looking7"/><ref>{{Harvnb|Bateson|1949|p=209}}.</ref> A twinning arrangement was made in 1966 by Chadderton Urban District Council with [[Geesthacht]], [[West Germany]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.oldham.gov.uk/community/tourist_information.htm |title=Tourist Information in Oldham |publisher=oldham.gov.uk |access-date=1 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306023658/http://www.oldham.gov.uk/community/tourist_information.htm <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=6 March 2007}}</ref> Under the [[Local Government Act 1972]], the Chadderton Urban District was abolished, and Chadderton has, since 1 April 1974, formed an [[unparished area]] of the [[Metropolitan Borough of Oldham]], a local government district of the metropolitan county of [[Greater Manchester]].<ref name="Looking3"/><ref name="Chad1907"/><ref name="GM Gazetteer"/><ref>Her Majesty's Stationery Office. [[Local Government Act 1972]]. 1972 c.70.</ref> Chadderton has three of the twenty [[Wards of the United Kingdom|wards]] of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham: Chadderton North, Chadderton Central and Chadderton South.,<ref>{{citation|url=http://geoplanning.oldham.gov.uk/gis/map.aspx?ACTION=PLANNING |title=Interactive Planning Map |publisher=oldham.gov.uk |author=Oldham Council |access-date=30 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308095128/http://geoplanning.oldham.gov.uk/gis/map.aspx?ACTION=PLANNING |archive-date=8 March 2008  }}</ref> with some small peripheral areas lying in the neighbouring wards of Royton North, Coldhurst, Hollinwood, Werneth and Failsworth East.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chadderton-hs.freeuk.com/page1a_town_and_people.htm|title=FreeUK – Customer information|date=1 November 2017|website=freeuk.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030112749/http://www.chadderton-hs.freeuk.com/page1a_town_and_people.htm|archive-date=30 October 2013}}</ref>

In terms of parliamentary representation, Chadderton after the [[Reform Act 1832]] was represented as part of the [[Oldham (UK Parliament constituency)|Oldham]] parliamentary borough constituency, of which the first Members of Parliaments (MPs) were the [[Radicalism (historical)|radicals]] [[William Cobbett]] and [[John Fielden]].<ref name="Vision of Oldham">{{citation|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/entry_page.jsp?text_id=972920&word=NULL|publisher=University of Portsmouth|author=Great Britain Historical GIS Project|title=Descriptive Gazetteer Entry for Oldham|access-date=2 November 2007|year=2004|work=A vision of Britain through time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114181301/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/entry_page.jsp?text_id=972920&word=NULL|archive-date=14 November 2007}}</ref> [[Winston Churchill]] was the MP between 1900 and 1906.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/reference/churchills-elections|title=Churchill's Elections|author=The Churchill Centre|date=14 October 2008 |publisher=winstonchurchill.org|access-date=11 September 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002004312/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/reference/churchills-elections|archive-date=2 October 2009}}</ref> Constituency boundaries changed during the 20th century, and Chadderton has lain within the constituencies of [[Middleton and Prestwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Middleton and Prestwich]] (1918–1950) and [[Oldham West (UK Parliament constituency)|Oldham West]] (1950–1997). Since 1997, Chadderton has lain within [[Oldham West and Royton (UK Parliament constituency)|Oldham West and Royton]]. It is represented in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] by [[Jim McMahon (politician)|Jim McMahon]], a member of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]].

==Geography==
{{further|Geography of Greater Manchester}}
[[File:Oldham above Chadderton (2).jpg|thumb|300px|left|alt=A view of a busy townscape, in which the land is urban and the scene is banal. The weather is overcast and the cloudy sky appears light-grey. In the foreground is a dark-grey tarmac dual-carriageway road, which sweeps up the middle of the photograph to its centrepoint. All around the road are two-storey red-brick houses. On the left-side of the midground are three large red-brick factories of around five-storeys high. On the horizon is a towerblock.|Chadderton has a post-industrial landscape which forms a continuous [[urban area]] with [[Oldham]] (pictured on the horizon) and [[Manchester]]. This view is over Broadway in central Chadderton.]]
At {{coord|53|32|46|N|2|8|33|W|type:city}} (53.5462°, −2.1426°), and {{convert|165|mi|km|0}} north-northwest of [[central London]], Chadderton lies at the foothills of the [[Pennines]], {{convert|2.7|mi|km|1}} east-southeast of [[Middleton, Greater Manchester|Middleton]], and {{convert|1.1|mi|km|1}} west of [[Oldham]]. It is in the northeast part of the [[Greater Manchester Urban Area]],<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_urban_north_part_5.pdf |title=Census 2001:Key Statistics for urban areas in the North; Map 3 |author=Office for National Statistics |author-link=Office for National Statistics |publisher=statistics.gov.uk |access-date=13 September 2007 |year=2001 |work=[[United Kingdom Census 2001]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326053354/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_urban_north_part_5.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009  }}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/greater_manchester_urban_area.asp |title=Greater Manchester Urban Area |year=2001 |author=Office for National Statistics |author-link=Office for National Statistics |publisher=statistics.gov.uk |access-date=24 December 2007 |work=[[United Kingdom Census 2001]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205014453/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/greater_manchester_urban_area.asp |archive-date=5 February 2009  }}</ref> the UK's [[List of conurbations in the United Kingdom|third largest conurbation]], on undulating land rising from {{convert|300|ft|m|0}} above sea level in the west to {{convert|450|ft|m|0}} in the east. Chadderton Heights, on the hillier northern edge of the town, is its highest point at {{convert|509|ft|m|0}}.<ref name="County of Lancs"/>

The climate in the area, like most of northwest Europe,<ref>{{cite journal | author1=Peel, M. C. | author2=Finlayson, B. L. | author3=McMahon, T. A. | year=2007 | title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification | journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. | volume=11 | issue=5 | pages=1633–1644 | url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html | issn=1027-5606 | doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 | bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210144308/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html | archive-date=10 February 2017 | df=dmy-all | doi-access=free }} ''(direct: [http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf Final Revised Paper] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |date=3 February 2012 }})''</ref> is [[maritime temperate climate|maritime temperate]], with significant precipitation throughout the year, averaging 1047&nbsp;mm annually.<ref name="climate-2"/> The average annual temperature is 9.7&nbsp;°C.<ref name="climate-2">{{cite web|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/8694/|title=Climate: Chadderton|publisher=climate-data.org|access-date=21 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807062758/http://en.climate-data.org/location/8694/|archive-date=7 August 2016}}</ref>

Chadderton's modern commercial centre lies close to the boundary with Oldham; the expansion of Oldham in the mid-19th century caused urbanisation along the eastern boundary of Chadderton, which spread outwards into the rest of the township.<ref name="Top of England"/> Continued growth in the late-19th and early-20th centuries gave rise to a densely populated, industrial landscape of factories and rows of terraced housing, typical of mill towns in [[Northern England]].<ref name="Plan"/><ref name="County of Lancs"/> There is a mixture of high-density [[urban areas]], [[suburb]]s and semi-rural locations in Chadderton, but overwhelmingly the [[land use]] in the town is urban. The soils of Chadderton are sand based, with subsoils of clay and gravel.<ref name="County of Lancs"/>
{{Geographic Location
|title     = '''Neighbouring towns, villages and places.'''
|Northwest = [[Castleton, Greater Manchester|Castleton]]
|North     = [[Thornham, Greater Manchester|Thornham]]
|Northeast = [[Royton]]
|West      = [[Middleton, Greater Manchester|Middleton]]
|Centre    = Chadderton
|East      = [[Oldham]]
|Southwest = [[New Moston]]
|South     = [[Failsworth]]
|Southeast = [[Hollinwood, Greater Manchester|Hollinwood]]
}}

Chadderton's [[built environment]] is distinguished by its former textile factories: "The huge flat-topped brick mills with their square towers and their tall circular chimneys dwarf all other buildings."<ref name="Cotton1">{{Harvnb|Aspin|1981|p=1}}.</ref> Rows of early-20th century [[terraced house|terraced housing]] built to house Chadderton's factory workers are a common type of housing stock throughout the town; narrow streets pass through these older housing areas.<ref name="Plan"/>

Chadderton is contiguous with other settlements on all sides, including a shared boundary with the city of Manchester to the southwest.<ref name="Chadderton7"/>

Localities within Chadderton include [[Baretrees, Greater Manchester|Baretrees]], [[Block Lane]], [[Busk, Greater Manchester|Busk]], [[Butler Green]], [[Chadderton#Early history|Chadderton Fold]], [[Chadderton Park]], [[Coalshaw Green, Greater Manchester|Coalshaw Green]], [[Cowhill, Greater Manchester|Cowhill]], [[Greengate, Greater Manchester|Greengate]], [[Firwood Park]], [[Foxdenton]], [[Healds Green]], [[Middleton Junction, Greater Manchester|Middleton Junction]], [[Mills Hill]], [[Nimble Nook]], [[Nordens]], [[Stock Brook]], [[Whitegate, Greater Manchester|Whitegate]] and [[White Moss]].<ref name="County of Lancs"/><ref name="Chad1907"/><ref name="ChadRoy1932"/><ref name="OldhamBusMap"/> Chadderton Fold, the former centrepoint of Chadderton, lies on the banks of the [[River Irk]], {{convert|1.3|mi|km|0}} north-northwest of Chadderton's modern commercial centre. [[Hollinwood, Greater Manchester|Hollinwood]], in pre-industrial times, was a moor or common  of Chadderton, but was largely incorporated into neighbouring Oldham following a court case in 1713.<ref name="County of Lancs"/>  In the mid-18th century a village emerged at Hollinwood along the common border of Oldham and Chadderton, and there were further exchanges of land at Hollinwood between Oldham Borough and Chadderton township in 1880.<ref>A new and comprehensive gazetteer of England and Wales, illustr. by a series of maps. 4 vols. [in 2], James Bell,Published 1836, Original from	Oxford University, Digitized 16 March 2007</ref>   "Chadderton (Detached)" was, as its name implies, a detached area or exclave of Chadderton. Lying under Copster Hill in Oldham and including the area now known as [[Garden Suburb, Oldham|Garden Suburb]], its area was absorbed into neighbouring Oldham in 1880.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53010|title=The parish of Prestwich with Oldham: Chadderton – British History Online|website=www.british-history.ac.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919060330/http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53010|archive-date=19 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53007|title=The parish of Prestwich with Oldham: Oldham – British History Online|website=www.british-history.ac.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525191758/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53007|archive-date=25 May 2011}}</ref>

==Demography==
{{Update|date=January 2014}}
{{further|Demographics of Greater Manchester}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; width: 40%; cellspacing="3"
|+Chadderton compared
|-
!2001 UK census||Chadderton<ref>{{citation|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area|publisher=Office for National Statistics|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|date=22 July 2004|work=ons.gov.uk|access-date=5 August 2008|at=[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks06--ethnic-group.xls KS06 Ethnic group] {{XLSlink}}|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912070140/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|archive-date=12 September 2011}}</ref>||[[Metropolitan Borough of Oldham|Oldham (borough)]]<ref>{{citation|title=Oldham Metropolitan Borough ethnic group|publisher=statistics.gov.uk|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276779&c=Oldham&d=13&e=16&g=352415&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1229798892735&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87|author=Office for National Statistics|author-link=Office for National Statistics|work=[[United Kingdom Census 2001]]|access-date=20 December 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613010748/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276779&c=Oldham&d=13&e=16&g=352415&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1229798892735&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87|archive-date=13 June 2011}}</ref>
!England
|-
|Total population||33,001||217,273||49,138,831
|-
|White||94.4%||86.1%||90.9%
|-
|Asian||3.8%||11.9%||4.6%
|-
|Black||0.5%||0.6%||2.3%
|}
According to the [[Office for National Statistics]], at the time of the [[United Kingdom Census 2001]], Chadderton (urban-core and sub-area) had a total resident population of 33,001.<ref>{{citation|title=Greater Manchester Urban Area |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/greater_manchester_urban_area.asp |publisher=statistics.gov.uk |access-date=29 July 2008 |author=Office for National Statistics |author-link=Office for National Statistics |work=[[United Kingdom Census 2001]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205014453/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/greater_manchester_urban_area.asp |archive-date=5 February 2009  }}</ref> The population density was {{convert|8669|PD/sqmi|0}}, with a 100 to 95.4 female-to-male ratio.<ref>{{citation |title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152 |date=22 July 2004 |work=ons.gov.uk |access-date=20 September 2008 |at=[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks01-usual-resident-population.xls KS01 Usual resident population] {{XLSlink}} |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912070140/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152 |archive-date=12 September 2011  }}</ref> Of those over 16 years old, 27.2&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent were single (never married) 44.5&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent married, and 8.5&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent divorced.<ref>{{citation|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area|publisher=Office for National Statistics|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|date=22 July 2004|work=ons.gov.uk|access-date=31 August 2008|at=[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks04--marital-status.xls KS04 Marital status] {{XLSlink}}|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912070140/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|archive-date=12 September 2011}}</ref> Chadderton's 13,698 households included 28.8&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent one-person, 38.7&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent married couples living together, 8.9&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent [[cohabitation|co-habiting]] couples, and 10.3&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent single parents with their children.<ref>{{citation|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area|publisher=Office for National Statistics|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|date=22 July 2004|work=ons.gov.uk|access-date=20 December 2008|at=[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks20--household-composition.xls KS20 Household composition] {{XLSlink}}|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912070140/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|archive-date=12 September 2011}}</ref> Of those aged 16–74, 35.6&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent had no [[Education in England#Specialist qualifications|academic qualifications]].<ref>{{citation|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area|publisher=Office for National Statistics|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|date=22 July 2004|work=ons.gov.uk|access-date=5 August 2008|at=[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks13--qualifications-and-students.xls KS13 Qualifications and students] {{XLSlink}}|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912070140/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|archive-date=12 September 2011}}</ref>

At the 2001 UK census, 81.1&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent of Chadderton's residents reported themselves as being Christian, 3.2&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent Muslim, 0.5&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent Hindu, 0.1&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent Buddhist, and 0.1&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent Sikh. The census recorded 8.7&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent as having no religion, 0.1&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent had an alternative religion and 6.3&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent did not state their religion.<ref>{{citation|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area|publisher=Office for National Statistics|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|date=22 July 2004|work=ons.gov.uk|access-date=20 December 2008|at=[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks07--religion.xls KS07 Religion] {{XLSlink}}|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912070140/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|archive-date=12 September 2011}}</ref>

Chadderton's population has been described as broadly [[working class]] with pockets of [[lower middle class]] communities, particularly in the northeast of the town, near the border with [[Royton]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Criddle|Waller|2002|p=602}}.</ref><ref name="Oldham Beyond">{{citation|url=http://www.oldham.gov.uk/oldham_beyond_vision.pdf |title=Oldham Beyond; A Vision for the Borough of Oldham |date=April 2004 |access-date=24 December 2008 |publisher=Oldham.gov.uk |author=Urbanism, Environment and Design (URBED) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128022223/http://www.oldham.gov.uk/oldham_beyond_vision.pdf |archive-date=28 November 2007 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%;"
|+[[Population growth]] in Chadderton since 1901
|-
!  Year
! 1901
! 1911
! 1921
! 1931
! 1939
! 1951
! 1961
! 1971
! 1981
! 1991
! 2001
! 2011
|- style="text-align:center;"
!  Population
| 24,892
| 28,299
| 28,721
| 27,450
| 30,571
| 31,124
| 32,568
| 32,450
| 33,518
| 34,026
| 33,001
| 34,818
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;"|Urban District 1901–1971<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10186780&c_id=10001043&add=N|title=Chadderton UD through time. Population Statistics. Total Population|publisher=University of Portsmouth|work=A vision of Britain through time|access-date=20 December 2008|author=Great Britain Historical GIS Project|year=2004|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105023825/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10186780&c_id=10001043&add=N|archive-date=5 January 2012}}</ref> {{•}} Urban Subdivision 1981–2001<ref>{{citation |title=1981 Key Statistics for Urban Areas GB Table 1 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |year=1981}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=1991 Key Statistics for Urban Areas |publisher=Office for National Statistics |year=1991}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=ons.gov.uk|access-date=20 December 2008|date=22 July 2004|at=[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks01-usual-resident-population.xls KS01 Usual resident population] {{XLSlink}}|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912070140/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|archive-date=12 September 2011}}</ref>
|}

==Economy==
[[File:BAE Systems, Chadderton.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A three-storey building composed of glass windows and grey concrete stands across from a tarmac road and in front of a clear blue sky. A road passing horizontally in the foreground is divided by a pavement and metal barriers. The building's entrance appears central and is flanked by mirrored-glass windows and is marked by a red sign with the text BAE SYSTEMS.|[[BAE Systems]] had a manufacturing plant in south Chadderton. The plant occupied the former [[Avro]] aircraft factory which produced over 3,000 [[Avro Lancaster]] bombers during the [[World War II|Second World War]].]]
Up until the 18th century, the inhabitants of Chadderton raised domestic farm animals, supplementing their incomes by the spinning and weaving wool in the [[domestic system]]. Primitive [[coal mining]] was established by the 17th century, and the [[factory system]] adopted in the late-18th century.<ref name="Plan"/> During the [[Victorian era]], Chadderton's economy was heavily dependent on manufacturing industries, especially the spinning of cotton, but also the weaving of silk and production of hats.<ref name="Chadderton8"/><ref name="Top of England"/> By the 20th century the landscape was covered with over 50 [[cotton mill]]s.<ref name="Plan"/> Industries ancillary to these sectors, including coal mining, brick making, mechanical engineering, and bleaching and dyeing were present.<ref name="Chadderton8"/> Chadderton developed an extensive coal mining sector auxiliary to Chadderton's cotton industry and workforce. Coal was transported out of the township via the [[Rochdale Canal]]. The amount of coal was overestimated however, and production began to decline even before that of the local spinning industry; Chadderton's last coal mine closed in 1920.<ref name="Looking45">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=45}}.</ref>

Since the [[deindustrialisation]] of the region in the mid-20th century, these industries have been replaced by newer sectors and industries,<ref name="Chadderton8"/> although many of the civic developments that accompanied industrialisation remain in the form of public buildings; a town hall, public baths and library.<ref name="Plan"/> The few surviving cotton mills are now occupied by warehousing and distribution companies, or used as space for light industry.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hyde|O'Rourke|Portland|2004|p=117}}</ref>

British aircraft manufacturer [[Avro]] built a factory in south Chadderton in 1938–39,<ref name="Chadderton8"/><ref name="Strat">{{Harvnb|Stratton|Trinder|2000|p=76}}.</ref> later known as [[BAE Chadderton]]. It was one of the largest employers in the area, producing a variety of aircraft models including [[Avro Anson|Ansons]], [[Avro Manchester|Manchesters]] and [[Bristol Blenheim]]s.<ref name="Strat"/> During the [[World War II|Second World War]], 3,050 [[Avro Lancaster]] bombers were built at the Chadderton factory—over 40&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent of the [[Royal Air Force]]'s fleet.<ref name="Chadderton8"/><ref name="SpinWeb"/> Post World War Two the [[Avro Vulcan]] was designed and built, as well as the [[Avro Shackleton]] and [[Avro Lincoln]]. After the [[Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977]], Avro became part of the nationalised [[British Aerospace]] (now [[BAE Systems]]) and produced commercial aircraft for [[Boeing]] and [[Airbus]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200304/cmhansrd/vo040226/halltext/40226h01.htm|publisher=parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk|title=Commons Hansard: 26 Feb 2004 : Column 154WH|date=26 February 2004|access-date=23 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604193045/http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200304/cmhansrd/vo040226/halltext/40226h01.htm|archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/1700-jobs-axed-as-bae-quits-the-regional-aircraft-industry-618326.html|publisher=independent.co.uk|title=1,700 jobs axed as BAE quits the regional aircraft industry|first=Michael|last=Harrison|date=28 November 2001|access-date=2 January 2009}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>  It closed in 2012.<ref>{{citation | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-17234626 | title=BAE Chadderton, birthplace of Lancaster bomber, closes | work=BBC News | date=2 March 2012 | access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref>

Chadderton has been described as a "relatively prosperous town&nbsp;... which makes it a popular residential area".<ref name="Plan"/> Chadderton Mall is a shopping precinct located in the town centre, and is one of Chadderton's main concentrations of retailing. It was constructed in 1974, and opened in 1975. It included at the time an [[Asda]] superstore which originally anchored the precinct, or district centre as the shopping precinct was originally known as, but moved to a new site on land just behind the original store in 1994, and it also contains a variety of smaller shops.<ref name="Chadderton38">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=38}}.</ref> [[The Stationery Office]] has a base in Chadderton, as does [[3M]]. In 2008, 3M was the centre of a high-profile robbery of over 3,000 [[British passport]]s.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/thousands-of-passports-and-visas-stolen-from-van-880313.html|title=Thousands of passports and visas stolen from van|access-date=2 January 2009|date=30 July 2008|last=McSmith|first=Andy|location=London|work=The Independent|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408150622/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/thousands-of-passports-and-visas-stolen-from-van-880313.html|archive-date=8 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news/12271/3000-passports-stolen-from-van|publisher=oldham-chronicle.co.uk|title=3,000 passports stolen from van|date=29 July 2008|last=Barker|first=Janice|access-date=24 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724003923/http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news/12271/3000-passports-stolen-from-van|archive-date=24 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article4435145.ece|work=[[The Times]]|date=31 July 2008|access-date=2 January 2009|title=Passport theft police 'arrest delivery man'|first=Marcus|last=Leroux|location=London|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604200804/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article4435145.ece|archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref> Other major businesses include [[Costco]] and [[Shop Direct Group]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.thisislancashire.co.uk/archive/2004/06/16/5835476.Workers_shocked_as_475_jobs_are_axed/|title=Workers shocked as 475 jobs are axed|publisher=thisislancashire.co.uk|date=16 June 2004|access-date=26 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112130407/http://www.thisislancashire.co.uk/archive/2004/06/16/5835476.Workers_shocked_as_475_jobs_are_axed/|archive-date=12 November 2014}}</ref> The centre (formerly Elk Mill Retail Park),<ref>{{citation|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/oldhamadvertiser/news/s/522891_new_superstore_has_everything__but_food |title=New superstore has everything – but food |date=31 January 2007 |access-date=27 July 2008 |publisher=M.E.N. Media |work=Oldham Advertiser |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913044428/http://menmedia.co.uk/oldhamadvertiser/news/s/522891_new_superstore_has_everything__but_food |archive-date=13 September 2012 }}</ref> is a [[retail park]] located at the start of the [[A627(M) motorway]].<ref name="OldhamBusMap"/>

==Landmarks==
[[Chadderton Town Hall]] was the seat of Chadderton Urban District Council. It is Chadderton's second [[town hall]], the first was the former Chadderton Lyceum building (demolished in 1975). The current town hall, Chadderton's first purpose built municipal building, was designed by Taylor and Simister of Oldham, and was opened in 1913 by Herbert Wolstencroft [[Justice of the Peace|JP]], the then [[chairman]] of Chadderton Urban District Council. The architectural style was intended to have "a broad and strong treatment of the [[English Renaissance]]".<ref name="Looking31"/> It features "charming gardens and a beautifully renovated ballroom".<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.oldham.gov.uk/az_of_services/cs-chadderton-town-hall.htm|publisher=oldham.gov.uk|access-date=20 December 2008|title=Chadderton Town Hall|author=Oldham Council |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080629140534/http://www.oldham.gov.uk/az_of_services/cs-chadderton-town-hall.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 29 June 2008}}</ref> [[English Heritage]] granted it [[Listed building|Grade II listed status]] in July 2013.<ref name="NHLE-1404904">{{National Heritage List for England|num=1404904|desc=Chadderton Town Hall and associated walls and walled garden, Middleton Road, Chadderton|grade=II|access-date=17 July 2013}}</ref> Since 2007, Chadderton Town Hall has housed the Oldham Register Office, the [[civil registration]] authority for the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<ref>{{citation|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/oldhamadvertiser/news/s/529847_wedding_bells_ring_out_again|publisher=M.E.N. Media|date=4 July 2007|access-date=20 December 2008|title=Wedding bells ring out again|last=Greer|first=Stuart|work=Oldham Advertiser|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922093403/http://menmedia.co.uk/oldhamadvertiser/news/s/529847_wedding_bells_ring_out_again|archive-date=22 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="ORO">{{citation |url=http://www.oldham.gov.uk/living/births_marriages_and_deaths.htm|publisher=oldham.gov.uk|author=Oldham Council|title=Births, Marriages and Deaths|access-date=20 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119040620/http://www.oldham.gov.uk//living/births_marriages_and_deaths.htm <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=19 November 2008}}</ref> It is a licensed venue for marriage ceremonies, and holds records of births, marriages and deaths which have taken place in what is now the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham from 1837 to the present.<ref name="ORO"/>

[[File:Foxdenton Hall.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A two-storey brick-built mansion in its own well-kept garden of green grass. The ground floor has six windows – three on each side of a wooden front door. The second floor has seven windows. The house has a grey slate roof surmounted by two small brick chimneys. Behind the house are leafless trees and behind those, a clear blue sky.|The [[Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester|Grade II* listed building]] 18th century Foxdenton Hall, a former [[manor house]] and [[mansion]], with public gardens. It has been fully restored.]]
Foxdenton Hall is a two-storey [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] [[mansion]] and former [[manor house]], with an [[Brickwork|English garden wall bond]] exterior and its own private gardens.<ref name="Image"/> The original Hall was erected in the mid-15th century as a home for the Radclyffes, who had acquired the title of joint [[Lord of the Manor|Lords of the Manor]] with the Asshetons of Chadderton, through marriage. This Foxdenton Hall was demolished to make way for a second Hall, built in 1620. The ground floor of that second Hall now forms the basement of the present Hall, built in 1700.<ref name="Looking12">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=12}}.</ref> The building is described as "a dignified early Georgian house, particularly rare in this part of the country".<ref name="Image">{{NHLE |num=1356429 |desc=Foxdenton Hall |access-date=24 February 2008 |mode=cs2}}</ref> The Radclyffes moved out of Foxdenton Hall in the late 18th century, favouring properties they had purchased in [[Dorset]], although they still maintained ownership.<ref name="Looking12"/> Foxdenton Hall and the adjoining Foxdenton Park were leased to Chadderton Council by the Radclyffes in 1922, when they opened to the public. In 1960 the council took over ownership of the Hall, by which time it was in a state of disrepair. Following protest about funding and the condition of the building, Foxdenton Hall was restored in 1965.<ref name="Looking13">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=13}}.</ref>

Chadderton War Memorial is located outside Chadderton Town Hall, and was originally erected "in honour of the men of Chadderton who made the supreme sacrifice and in grateful remembrance of all who served their county"  during the [[First World War]], but later, the [[Second World War]]. It is a [[granite]] [[obelisk]] fronted by three steps. At the front on a short plinth stands a [[bronze]] figure of an ordinary soldier, holding a rifle in his right hand. It was designed by Taylor and Simister and sculpted by [[Albert Toft]]. Chadderton War Memorial was commissioned by the Chadderton War Memorial Committee and unveiled on 8 October 1921 by Councillor Ernest Kempsey.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.pmsa.org.uk/pmsa-database/4744/ |title=Chadderton War Memorial |author=[[Public Monuments and Sculpture Association]] |date=16 June 2003 |access-date=12 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112130547/http://www.pmsa.org.uk/pmsa-database/4744/ |archive-date=12 November 2014  }}</ref>

[[Chadderton Hall Park]] is a public park by the [[River Irk]] in the north of Chadderton, spanning an area of over {{convert|15|acre|ha|0}},<ref name="Green">{{citation |url=http://www.greenflagaward.org.uk/winners/GSP001243/ |publisher=greenflagaward.org.uk|author=[[Green Flag Award]]|title=Chadderton Hall Park|access-date=28 January 2010|work=[[Internet Archive]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080207083531/http://www.greenflagaward.org.uk/winners/GSP001243/ |archive-date = 7 February 2008}}</ref> in what were once the gardens of the manorial Chadderton Hall. At the end of the 19th century they were leased to Joseph Ball, who transformed the hall and grounds into a pleasure garden, complete with a boating lake and a [[menagerie]].<ref name="Looking9-10">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|pp=9–10}}.</ref> The hall was demolished in 1939. The park is now owned by Oldham Council, the [[local authority]], and was opened to the public in 1956. It was awarded [[Green Flag Award|Green Flag]] status in 2006.<ref name="Green"/><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.oldhamparks.co.uk/awards|publisher=oldhamparks.co.uk|title=Awards|access-date=23 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723190031/http://www.oldhamparks.co.uk/awards|archive-date=23 July 2008}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:Canal and Motorway, Chadderton, Oldham - geograph.org.uk - 1549.jpg|thumb|right|alt=View from a bridge over a canal, with a motorway running to the left. The sky is dark and overcast.|For a short distance in south Chadderton, the [[Rochdale Canal]] and [[M60 motorway]] run in parallel.]]
[[Public transport]] in Chadderton is co-ordinated by [[Transport for Greater Manchester]] (TfGM), a county-wide public body with direct operational responsibilities, such as supporting (and in some cases running) local bus services and managing [[integrated ticketing]] in Greater Manchester.

===Roads===
Major [[A roads in Great Britain|A roads]] link Chadderton with other settlements, including the [[A663 road]]. Opened by [[Wilfrid William Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple]] in 1925, the arterial A663, named Broadway, bisects Chadderton from north to south and was "a major factor in the unification and modernisation of the town".<ref name="Chadderton8"/> The [[A669 road]], routed through Chadderton, connects Oldham with Middleton. At its eastern end is Chadderton's town centre. The [[M62 motorway]] runs to the north of the area and is accessed via Broadway at junction 21 and junction 20 via the [[A627(M) motorway]], which terminates close to Chadderton's north-eastern boundary with Royton.<ref name="OldhamBusMap">{{citation|title=Network Maps: Oldham|url=http://www.gmpte.com/pdfmaps/network/9_oldham.pdf|access-date=28 January 2010|publisher=gmpte.com|author=[[Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive]]|year=2010}}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The [[M60 motorway]] skirts the south of Chadderton, near [[Hollinwood, Greater Manchester|Hollinwood]].<ref name="Plan"/> The section of the M60 through Chadderton was opened in autumn 2000.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hyde|O'Rourke|Portland|2004|p=12}}.</ref>

===Railway===
Chadderton is served by two railway stations, just outside its western boundary: [[Mills Hill railway station]], at its border with Middleton, and [[Moston railway station]], at its border with New Moston, Manchester.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

The [[Middleton Junction and Oldham Branch Railway]] was routed through Chadderton. [[Middleton Junction railway station]] was within the town limits. Opened on 31 March 1842, it closed in 1966. On 12 August 1914, Chadderton goods and coal depot was opened. The depot was at the end of a 1097 yards long branch which came off the Middleton Junction to Oldham line at Chadderton Junction.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.britishrailways1960.co.uk/CLMVHB06.html |title=Central Lines |publisher=Britishrailways1960.co.uk |access-date=5 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227091903/http://www.britishrailways1960.co.uk/CLMVHB06.html |archive-date=27 February 2012  }}</ref> The line from Chadderton Junction to Oldham Werneth was closed on 7 January 1963, but Chadderton goods and coal depot remained open for a period.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.britishrailways1960.co.uk/CLMVHB05.html |title=Central Lines |publisher=Britishrailways1960.co.uk |access-date=5 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113104638/http://www.britishrailways1960.co.uk/CLMVHB05.html |archive-date=13 November 2016  }}</ref> Electric [[tram]]ways to and from Middleton opened in 1902. Tram services ran along Middleton Road and terminated in Chadderton. The final tram ran in 1935.<ref name="Looking38-39">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|pp=38–39}}.</ref>

The [[Oldham Loop Line]] closed as a [[heavy rail]] line in 2009 and reopened in June 2012 as part of a new [[Manchester Metrolink]] [[light rail]] line from [[Manchester Victoria tram stop|Manchester Victoria]] to [[Rochdale Town Centre tram stop|Rochdale]], via Oldham. [[South Chadderton tram stop|South Chadderton]], [[Freehold tram stop|Freehold]] and [[Hollinwood tram stop|Hollinwood]] were part of the conversion to Metrolink.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.lrta.org/Manchester/Oldham_Rochdale.html |publisher=lrta.org ork |title=Manchester to Oldham and Rochdale |author=Light Rail Transit Association |date=24 November 2007 |access-date=1 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211143030/http://www.lrta.org/Manchester/Oldham_Rochdale.html |archive-date=11 February 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://www.metrolink.co.uk/futuremetrolink/Pages/Oldham-and-Rochdale-line.aspx |publisher=Transport for Greater Manchester |access-date=19 May 2013 |title=Oldham and Rochdale line |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518030553/http://www.metrolink.co.uk/futuremetrolink/Pages/Oldham-and-Rochdale-line.aspx |archive-date=18 May 2013  }}</ref> Proposals to extend the Metrolink system through Chadderton were announced in January 2016; the proposed link would add a spur between [[Westwood tram stop]] and Middleton with the line continuing to the Bury line near [[Bowker Vale tram stop|Bowker Vale]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news-headlines/96391/jims-loop-lines-vision-for-trams |title=Oldham News &#124; News Headlines &#124; Jim's loop lines vision for trams - Chronicle Online |access-date=2016-02-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133932/http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news-headlines/96391/jims-loop-lines-vision-for-trams |archive-date=4 March 2016  }} | Retrieved 31 October 2016</ref>

===Buses===
The majority of the bus services in Chadderton are operated by [[First Greater Manchester]]. Other operators include [[Manchester Community Transport]]  First Greater Manchester.<ref name="OldhamBusMap" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stagecoachbus.com/PdfUploads/Timetable_41143_152.pdf |title=Service 152 Chadderton – Firwood Park |publisher=Stagecoach |date=21 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102195611/http://www.stagecoachbus.com/PdfUploads/Timetable_41143_152.pdf  |archive-date=2013-11-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
North Chadderton area buses are operated by [[Rosso (bus company)|Rosso]] and First Bus.
[[Greengate, Greater Manchester|Greengate]] area buses are operated by  [[Stagecoach Manchester]]. 

[[Citibus Tours|Citibus]] was a Chadderton-based commercial bus operator serving Greater Manchester, launched in 1986. It competed with the [[Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive]] until 1995, when it was bought-out by [[GM Buses|GM Buses North]], in what is now First Manchester.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gmts.co.uk/explore/history/transport.html#dereg |publisher=gmts.co.uk |title=Deregulated Bus Operators: 1986 onwards |access-date=24 January 2010 |author=Greater Manchester Transport Society |author-link=Museum of Transport in Manchester |year=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109031607/http://www.gmts.co.uk/explore/history/transport.html |archive-date=9 November 2010 }}</ref>

==Education==
{{further|List of schools in Oldham}}
An old style [[grammar school]] at Healds Green in Chadderton was built and founded in 1789.<ref name="Looking24">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=24}}.</ref> As the population of Chadderton grew during the 19th century, more schools were opened, each linked with a local church.<ref name="Top of England"/> Mills Hill School began as a voluntary aided school belonging to the local [[Baptist]] church.<ref name="Looking24"/> Further schoolrooms from this period were found at Cowhill Methodist Church and Washbrook Methodist Church, opened in 1855 and 1893 respectively.<ref name="Looking22">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|p=22}}.</ref>

Chadderton Grammar School was the first new style co-educational grammar school opened by [[Lancashire County Council]]. It was opened by [[David Lindsay, 28th Earl of Crawford]], on 18 October 1930. In 1959, it became the Girls' Grammar, when a separate school for boys was opened. The Girls' Grammar briefly became Mid-Chadderton School, and later [[The Radclyffe School]], and the boys' school part of [[North Chadderton School]].<ref name="Looking24"/><ref name="Chadderton25">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=25}}.</ref> Radclyffe and North Chadderton are today the town's two co-educational, non-denominational, comprehensive [[secondary school]]s.<ref name="Plan"/> North Chadderton School has a [[sixth form college]] for 16- to 19-year-olds. The Radclyffe School, which has specialist [[Technology College]] status, was modernised in 2008 by way of a £30&nbsp;million new school complex opened by Sir [[Alex Ferguson]] on 8 July 2008.<ref>{{citation|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/oldhamadvertiser/news/s/1057493_fergies_fan_club|publisher=M.E.N. Media|title=Fergie's fan club|date=9 July 2008|access-date=21 December 2008|work=Oldham Advertiser|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629113035/http://menmedia.co.uk/oldhamadvertiser/news/s/1057493_fergies_fan_club|archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref>  The [[Blessed John Henry Newman RC College]] opened in 2011 on the Broadway site previously occupied by The Radclyffe School.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

==Religion==
{{see also|List of churches in Greater Manchester}}
[[File:St Mark's Church, Chadderton.jpg|thumb|right|alt=An angular taupe-coloured church on a bright sunny day. The church fills the image with the exception of a flat piece of green grass and grey pavement at the church's entrance and the dark green silhouette of trees along the left of the picture. The single-storey church has many small slitted triangular and rectangular windows across its façade, except for a dark rectangular entrance in which a man stands. At the far end of the church is a triangular spire standing tall and bold against a light blue sky at around six or seven times the height of a man.|The [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] Parish Church of St Mark was built between 1960 and 1963. It is one of several churches serving Chadderton and is a Grade II [[listed building]].]]
[[File:Healds Green Methodist Church.jpg|thumb|right|alt=An orange-brick church perched on a shallow hillside in a daytime scene in which the sky appears white. The triangular stone windows of the two-storey church are clear, as are the grounds in the church's proximity. The grounds are composed of green grass, light grey stone pathways, brown brick fencing and green trees overhanging the church.|Healds Green Methodist Church lies on the lane between Chadderton Fold and Chadderton Heights and was founded in 1865.]]
Chadderton had no medieval church of its own,<ref name="Chadderton85">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=85}}.</ref> and until 1541, for ecclesiastical purposes, lay within the parish of [[Prestwich-cum-Oldham]] in the [[Diocese of Lichfield]].  The diocese was then divided, and Chadderton became part of the [[Diocese of Chester]].<ref name="ChadRoy1932"/> This in turn was divided in 1847, when the present [[Anglican Diocese of Manchester|Diocese of Manchester]] was created. For ritual baptisms, marriages and burials, the people of Chadderton, a [[Christianity|Christian]] community, had to travel to churches that lay outside of the township's boundaries, including [[Oldham Parish Church|Oldham St Mary's]], [[Church of St Leonard, Middleton|Middleton St Leonard's]], and [[Church of St Mary the Virgin, Prestwich|Prestwich St Mary's]].  The route of some of the ancient paths to these churches is preserved in the modern layout of some of the town's roads.<ref name="Chadderton15">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=15}}.</ref>

Chadderton's first established church was St Margaret of Antioch which was consecrated in 1769 at Hollinwood, however late 19th century boundary changes means it now lies within neighbouring Oldham.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol5/pp115-121|title=The parish of Prestwich with Oldham: Chadderton – British History Online|website=www.british-history.ac.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713133753/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol5/pp115-121|archive-date=13 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.magsnchads.org.uk/welcome/ |title= A Short History of the Parish of S. Margaret Hollinwood and S. Chad Limeside |author= (from parish history, 1769 to 1996 by Barry Dainty)  |date= 1996 |website= www.magsnchads.org.uk |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170529231614/http://www.magsnchads.org.uk/welcome |archive-date= 29 May 2017 }}</ref>

The New Parishes Act 1844 allowed for the creation of a parish for Chadderton, dedicated to St [[Matthew the Evangelist]]. Services were initially held in the stables of Chadderton Hall, and then in a temporary wooden structure opened in 1848.<ref name="Looking20-21">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|pp=20–21}}.</ref><ref name="churchhistory">{{citation|url=http://www.stmatthew-stlukechadderton.org.uk/articles.php?lng=en&pg=32|publisher=stmatthew-stlukechadderton.org.uk|access-date=6 November 2008|title=History – St Matthew|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224060041/http://www.stmatthew-stlukechadderton.org.uk/articles.php?lng=en&pg=32|archive-date=24 December 2012}}</ref> The Church of St Matthew was opened for the parish in 1857 by the then [[Bishop of Manchester]], [[James Prince Lee]].<ref name="Looking20-21"/><ref name="churchhistory"/> A [[Steeple (architecture)|steeple]] was added in 1881.<ref name="Looking20-21"/> Following the construction of this church, four followed. There are now several Anglican parishes, and within them daughter and mission churches, serving the town.<ref name="Chadderton85"/> The parish of St Matthew united with the neighbouring parish of St Luke, and the United Benefice of St Matthew with St Luke now lies within the Oldham West [[Deanery]] of the Diocese of Manchester.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.manchester.anglican.org/churches/rochdale-archdeaconry/tandle|publisher=manchester.anglican.org|author=[[Anglican Diocese of Manchester]]|access-date=5 November 2008|title=Tandle Deanery|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909102437/http://www.manchester.anglican.org/churches/rochdale-archdeaconry/tandle|archive-date=9 September 2012}}</ref> The parish of Christ Church, founded in 1870, which also contains the church of St Saviour's and Crossley Christian Centre, is one of the largest numerically in the township and lies on the border with Werneth. The parish of Emmanuel, now meeting in the St George's building on Broadway, was originally part of Christ Church parish. Also within this deanery is the Parish Church of St Mark, built in the early&nbsp;1960s. It is a blue brick building with a graduated slate pitched roof, and a rectangular brick steeple with a high gabled roof.<ref name="Image2">{{NHLE |num=1376598 |desc=Church of St Mark, Milne Street |access-date=22 December 2008 |mode=cs2}}</ref> It was granted Grade II [[listed building]] status in 1998.<ref name="Image2"/>

In addition to the [[Church of England]], a variety of other [[List of Reformed churches|Reformed denominations]] have been practised in Chadderton. [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Nonconformism]] was popular in Chadderton, and places of worship for [[Methodism]], [[Baptist]] and [[Congregational church|Congregationalism]] were built during the 19th and 20th&nbsp;centuries.<ref name="Chadderton85"/> Washbrook Methodist Church and School at Butler Green was built in 1868, but was demolished around&nbsp;1970 to be replaced by South Chadderton Methodist Church formed from the amalgamation of five Methodist congregations.<ref name="Looking22-23">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1990|pp=22–23}}.</ref>

Chadderton forms part of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford]]. The [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] Parish of Corpus Christi was founded in Chadderton in 1878, following immigration to the region by Irish Catholics fleeing the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]]. A combined school and church was opened in 1904.<ref name="Chadderton90"/> A further Catholic parish for Chadderton, dedicated to [[Herbert of Derwentwater|Saint Herbert]], was created in 1916.<ref name="Chadderton90">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=90}}.</ref> Its first [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]] was held on 1 July 1916, the day the [[Battle of the Somme]] began.<ref name="Chadderton90"/>

Chadderton also has a large mosque to provide for the growing Muslim sector of the community. This is namely Chadderton Shahparan Central Mosque & Islamic Centre, and is located at 209–211 Bamford Street. The mosque has a large visitor capacity, and is open all throughout the day for quiet contemplation & other religious duties. The mosque is looked after by its own individual, specialist Mosque Committee.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

==Sport==
[[Chadderton F.C.]] is an [[association football]] club, formed in 1947 under the name Millbrow Football Club; it later changed to North Chadderton Amateurs, before adopting its present name in 1957.<ref name="ChadFC">{{citation|url=http://www.chaddertonfc.org.uk/pages.php?page_id=329|publisher=chaddertonfc.org.uk|title=Club History|access-date=22 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912044421/http://www.chaddertonfc.org.uk/pages.php?page_id=329|archive-date=12 September 2011}}</ref> It plays in the [[North West Counties Football League First Division]]. Past players have included former [[England national football team]] captain [[David Platt (footballer)|David Platt]], former [[Leeds United A.F.C.]] and [[Crystal Palace F.C.]] player [[John Pemberton (footballer)|John Pemberton]] and [[Northern Ireland national football team]] player [[Steve Jones (Northern Irish footballer)|Steve Jones]].<ref name="ChadFC"/> [[Mark Owen]] of pop group [[Take That]] briefly played for the club.<ref name="ChadFC"/> Chaddertonians A.F.C. were formed in 1937 and currently play in the [[Lancashire Amateur League]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.clubwebsite.co.uk/chaddertoniansafc/|publisher=clubwebsite.co.uk|access-date=22 December 2008|title=Chaddertonians AFC|date=20 December 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418164803/http://www.clubwebsite.co.uk/chaddertoniansafc/|archive-date=18 April 2009}}</ref> Chadderton Park F.C. is an amateur football club founded in 1977.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.chaddertonparkfc.co.uk/about.htm|publisher=chaddertonparkfc.co.uk|access-date=22 December 2008|title=The History of Chadderton Park Juniors Football Club|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121224250/http://www.chaddertonparkfc.co.uk/about.htm|archive-date=21 November 2008}}</ref> [[Oldham Borough F.C.]], formerly Oldham Dew and Oldham Town, were a Chadderton-based North West Counties League football club formed in 1964. They played at Nordens Road, Chadderton before moving to the [[Whitebank Stadium]] in Oldham in the early 1990s.

An earlier, but short-lived, version of Chadderton F.C. briefly played in the [[Manchester Football League]] in the early part of the 20th century. Joining the league in the 1905–06 season, the club ran into serious difficulties and were unable to complete the season. The club's record for the season was expunged.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nonleaguematters.co.uk/nlmnet/Regs_2_N/NWorigman.html |title=The Manchester League 1893-1912 |access-date=2018-02-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220121126/http://www.nonleaguematters.co.uk/nlmnet/Regs_2_N/NWorigman.html |archive-date=20 December 2016  }} | The Manchester League 1893–1912 |Retrieved 27 February 2018</ref>

The [[Art Nouveau]] Chadderton Baths was a public swimming facility opened in 1937.<ref name="Plan"/> [[Henry Taylor (swimmer)|Henry Taylor]], the [[Great Britain at the Olympics|British Olympic]] [[freestyle swimming]] triple gold medallist and champion was an attendant at Chadderton Baths, where many of his awards were displayed.<ref name="Chronicle">{{citation |title=Another 24 hours, another Olympic record |work=[[Oldham Evening Chronicle]] |author=Janice Barker |url=http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news/13085/another-24-hours-another-olympic-record |date=20 August 2008 |access-date=29 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080826043750/http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news/13085/another-24-hours-another-olympic-record |archive-date=26 August 2008  }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Henry's record still stands |work=Oldham Advertiser |url=http://menmedia.co.uk/oldhamadvertiser/news/s/1063416_henrys_record_still_stands |date=20 August 2008 |access-date=28 August 2008 |publisher=M.E.N. Media |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910204837/http://menmedia.co.uk/oldhamadvertiser/news/s/1063416_henrys_record_still_stands |archive-date=10 September 2012  }}</ref> Chadderton Baths were closed indefinitely in 2006 after a structural survey found faults which could have put the public at risk.<ref>{{citation|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/oldhamadvertiser/news/s/516971_is_this_the_end_for_chadderton_baths|title=Is this the end for Chadderton baths?|last=Sykes|first=Lee|date=30 August 2006|access-date=23 December 2008|publisher=M.E.N. Media|work=Oldham Advertiser|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922093448/http://menmedia.co.uk/oldhamadvertiser/news/s/516971_is_this_the_end_for_chadderton_baths|archive-date=22 September 2012}}</ref> Chadderton Sports Centre, built onto the baths, was closed and replaced by the Chadderton Wellbeing Centre in January 2010. An application to demolish the baths was made in March 2011,<ref>{{citation |last=Doherty |first=Karen |url=http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news-headlines/54653/baths-demolition-moves-step-closer |title=Baths demolition moves step closer |date=31 March 2011 |publisher=Oldham Evening Chronicle |access-date=12 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105092159/http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news-headlines/54653/baths-demolition-moves-step-closer |archive-date=5 January 2012  }}</ref> but is now in private ownership with conversion work due soon. The Wellbeing Centre is a multi-purpose facility with a swimming pool, dance studio, library, gym, meeting rooms and café.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.oclactive.co.uk/centres/1/|publisher=Oldham Community Leisure|title=Chadderton Wellbeing Centre|access-date=12 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222080814/http://www.oclactive.co.uk/centres/1|archive-date=22 December 2011}}</ref>

==Public services==
[[File:Chadderton Police Station.jpg|thumb|right|alt=The front of a red-brick two-storey structure that is viewed from the ground upwards. It has a complex facade of four Dutch gables with many windows at regular intervals.|The original Chadderton Police Station on Victoria Street. [[Greater Manchester Police]] now use a newer building at Broadgate in southern Chadderton.]]
[[File:Chadderton Power Station.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Three massive grey-taupe coloured funnels dominate the scene in which there is a flat piece of green grass in the foreground, red-brick housing in the midground, and behind them in the background the industrial funnels against a white sky. The funnels appear three or four times the size of the row of terraced properties in the midground, and stand independently of each other. Associated with them are two chimneys standing at similar height and a control building in the hazey distance.|[[Chadderton Power Station]] opened in 1955 and was demolished in 1986.]]
Policing in Chadderton is provided by the [[Greater Manchester Police]]. The force's "(Q) Division" has its headquarters for policing the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in central Oldham. Greater Manchester Police have two stations in Chadderton: a Victorian building in central Chadderton, and a modern purpose-built station at Broadgate in southern Chadderton.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gmpa.gov.uk/oldham.pdf|publisher=gmpa.gov.uk|author=Greater Manchester Police Authority|access-date=21 December 2008|title=Local Policing in Oldham 2007–2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327154145/http://www.gmpa.gov.uk/oldham.pdf|archive-date=27 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gmp.police.uk/live/nhoodv3.nsf/index-communities.html?ReadForm&Division=Oldham&Area=Chadderton|publisher=gmp.police.uk|author=Greater Manchester Police|author-link=Greater Manchester Police|access-date=11 September 2009|title=Your Neighbourhood Area Policing Team|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320002328/http://www.gmp.police.uk/live/nhoodv3.nsf/index-communities.html?ReadForm&Division=Oldham&Area=Chadderton|archive-date=20 March 2009}}</ref> Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the [[Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service]], who have a fire station in Chadderton, on Broadway.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.manchesterfire.gov.uk/my_area/oldham/chadderton.aspx|publisher=manchesterfire.gov.uk|author=[[Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service]]|access-date=12 December 2011|title=Chadderton Fire Station|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118003027/http://www.manchesterfire.gov.uk/my_area/oldham/chadderton.aspx|archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref>

There are no hospitals in Chadderton—the nearest are in the larger settlements of Oldham and Rochdale—but some local health care is provided by Chadderton Town and South Chadderton health centres which are commissioned by NHS Oldham. The [[North West Ambulance Service]] provides emergency patient transport in the area. Other forms of [[health care]] are provided for locally by several small specialist clinics and surgeries.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

[[Waste management]] is co-ordinated by the [[local authority]] via the [[Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gmwda.gov.uk/|title=Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA)|publisher=gmwda.gov.uk|author=[[Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority]]|year=2008|access-date=8 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207001553/http://www.gmwda.gov.uk/|archive-date=7 February 2008}}</ref> Locally produced [[inert waste]] for disposal is sent to [[landfill]] at the Beal Valley.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.oldham.gov.uk/info/200409/minerals_and_waste|title=Minerals and Waste development planning|author=Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council|publisher=oldham.gov.uk|access-date=8 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123194701/http://www.oldham.gov.uk/info/200409/minerals_and_waste|archive-date=23 November 2012}}</ref> United Utilities manages Chadderton's [[drinking water|drinking]] and [[waste water]].<ref name="UU"/> Water supplies are sourced from several reservoirs in the borough, including [[Dovestones Reservoir|Dovestones]] and [[Chew Reservoir, Greater Manchester|Chew]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.unitedutilities.com/?OBH=445&ID=3526|title=Dove Stone Reservoirs|publisher=unitedutilities.com|author=[[United Utilities]]|date=17 April 2007|access-date=8 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422180115/http://www.unitedutilities.com/?OBH=445&ID=3526|archive-date=22 April 2008}}</ref> A [[sewage treatment]] works is located in the southwest of Chadderton, at Foxdenton. It opened in 1898.<ref name="Plan"/>

A [[power station]] in Chadderton existed in as early as 1925, built for the [[County Borough of Oldham]] in the Slacks Valley.<ref name="CLR">{{citation|url=http://www.eugris.info/envdocs/CLR03_00.pdf|title=Documentary Research on Industrial Sites: CLR Report 3|publisher=eugris.info|author=[[Secretary of State for the Environment|Department of the Environment]]|year=1994|access-date=28 January 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123194349/http://www.eugris.info/envdocs/CLR03_00.pdf|archive-date=23 November 2009}}</ref> This structure was demolished to make way for the new [[Chadderton Power Station|Chadderton "B" Power Station]], opened in 1955 for the [[British Electricity Authority]] in anticipation that the region would experience increased demand for electricity.<ref>{{citation |title=India-Rubber Journal|volume=125|date=July–December 1953|page=291}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.mosi.org.uk/media/159619/power%20stations%20in%20greater%20manchester.pdf|title=Power Stations in Greater Manchester|publisher=msim.org.uk|author=[[Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester]]|year=2001|access-date=23 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327154144/http://www.mosi.org.uk/media/159619/power%20stations%20in%20greater%20manchester.pdf|archive-date=27 March 2009}}</ref> Structural changes to the [[National Grid (UK)|National Grid]] made the power station redundant in 1982.<ref name="Chadderton73">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=73}}.</ref> It was sold by the [[Central Electricity Generating Board]] in 1984, and demolished in 1986.<ref name="CLR"/><ref name="Chadderton2">{{Harvnb|Lawson|Johnson|1997|p=2}}.</ref> Chadderton's [[distribution network operator]] for electricity is United Utilities.<ref name="UU">{{citation|url=http://www.unitedutilities.com/?OBH=4188&ID=1442|title=Oldham|publisher=unitedutilities.com|author=United Utilities|date=17 April 2007|access-date=8 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422180100/http://www.unitedutilities.com/?OBH=4188&ID=1442|archive-date=22 April 2008}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{see also|List of people from Oldham}}
People from Chadderton are called Chaddertonians. Historically, Chadderton was chiefly distinguished by the presence of [[manorialism|ruling families]], including the Asshetons, Radclyffes, Hortons and Chaddertons. Within the extended Chadderton/Chaderton family, two ecclesiastically notable persons were [[William Chaderton]] (c.1540–1608) (medieval academic and bishop)<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle= Chaderton, William |volume= 09 |last= Venables |first= Edmund |author-link= Edmund Venables |pages= 432-434 |year= 1890 |short=1}}</ref> and [[Laurence Chaderton]] (c. 1536–1640) (the first Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge,<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle= Chaderton, Laurence |volume= 5 |pages= 787-788 | date-1911 |short=1}}</ref> a leading [[Puritan]] and one of the original translators of the [[Authorized King James Version|Authorised King James Version of the Bible]]).<ref name="Looking5"/> John Ashton of Cowhill and Thomas Buckley of Baretrees in Chadderton were two victims of the [[Peterloo Massacre]] in 1819.<ref name="County of Lancs"/><ref name="Chadderton8"/> Samuel Collins, 'The Bard Of Hale Moss', was a 19th-century poet and radical who lived at [[Whitegate, Greater Manchester#History|Hale Moss]] in southern Chadderton.<ref>http://richardjohnbr.blogspot.co.uk/2007/08/chartist-lives-samuel-collins.html|Chartist Lives – Samuel Collins.  Retrieved 17 July 2013</ref> [[Philip Sidney Stott|Sir Philip Sidney Stott, 1st Baronet]]  (1858–1937), was a local architect, civil engineer, surveyor and designer of [[cotton mill]]s. [[Lydia Becker]] (1827–1890) was a pioneer in the late 19th century of the campaign for [[Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom|Women's Suffrage]]<ref>{{Cite DNBSupp |wstitle= Becker, Lydia Ernestine |volume= 1 |pages= 159-160 | first= Charles William |last= Sutton |author-link= Charles William Sutton |year= |short= 1}}</ref> and founder of the ''[[Women's Suffrage Journal]]'', born in Chadderton's [[Foxdenton]] Hall.<ref name="SpinWeb">{{citation|url=http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/m_display.php?irn=239&sub=nwcotton&theme=places&crumb=Oldham|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120524110358/http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/m_display.php?irn=239&sub=nwcotton&theme=places&crumb=Oldham|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 May 2012|publisher=spinningtheweb.org.uk|author=[[Manchester City Council]]|title=Oldham|access-date=20 December 2008}}</ref> 
; and
[[File:Professor Brian Cox OBE FRS (cropped).jpg|thumb|140px|Professor [[Brian Cox (physicist)|Brian Cox]], 2016]]
* [[William McDougall (psychologist)|William McDougall]] (1871–1938), psychologist who developed the theory of [[instinct]] and of [[social psychology]]
* [[Geoff Tootill]] (1922–2017), scientist helped create the [[Manchester Baby]] in 1948, the world's first electronic [[stored-program computer]].<ref>{{citation |title=Baby changed the world |url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1054840_baby_changed_the_world |last=Taylor |first=Paul |work=Manchester Evening News |date=20 June 2008 |access-date=20 August 2008 |publisher=M.E.N. Media |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303123720/http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1054840_baby_changed_the_world |archive-date=3 March 2011  }}</ref>
* [[Ronald Whittam]] (1925–2023), from [[Butler Green]], a physiologist who made discoveries in [[cell physiology]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ronald |first=Whittam |title=Physiological Society - oral interview transcript |url=https://static.physoc.org/app/uploads/2021/06/01141748/Ron-Whittam.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ronald Whittam |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/ronald-whittam-12522/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=royalsociety.org}}</ref>
* [[Terry Hall (ventriloquist)|Terry Hall]] (1926–2007), a pioneering [[Ventriloquism|ventriloquist]] and early children's TV entertainer.<ref name="Terry1">{{citation |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article1652124.ece|work=[[The Times]]|date= 14 April 2007|access-date=20 December 2008|title=Terry Hall: Pioneering ventriloquist who turned a variety act into a television institution for all the family | location=London}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="Terry2">{{citation|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1548316/Terry-Hall.html|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|date=12 April 2007|title=Terry Hall|access-date=20 December 2008|location=London|work=The Telegraph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326145650/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1548316/Terry-Hall.html|archive-date=26 March 2010}}</ref> He performed with an animal as his puppet (the "cowardly and bashful" Lenny the Lion), rather than a traditional child doll.<ref name="Terry1"/><ref name="Terry2"/>
* [[Brian Hitchen]] (1936–2013), newspaper editor, edited the [[Daily Star (United Kingdom)|Daily Star]] from 1987 to 1994
* [[Brian Cox (physicist)|Brian Cox]] (born 1968), physicist and musician; professor of [[particle physics]] at the [[Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester]]
* [[William Ash (actor)|William Ash]] (born 1977), actor who has appeared in ''[[Waterloo Road (TV series)|Waterloo Road]]'' and ''[[Hush (2009 film)|Hush]]''.,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/arts/2004/01/29/little_malcolm_interview.shtml|publisher=bbc.co.uk|title=Interview – William Ash|date=29 January 2004|access-date=11 October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210140029/http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/arts/2004/01/29/little_malcolm_interview.shtml|archive-date=10 December 2011}}</ref>
* [[Suranne Jones]] actress and producer, played ''[[Karen McDonald (Coronation Street)|Karen McDonald]]'' on ITV's ''[[Coronation Street]]'' between 2000 and 2004.
* [[Karen Elson]] (born 1979), model, singer and songwriter; she grew up locally and attended [[North Chadderton School]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.northchaddertonschool.co.uk/index.php?id=79|publisher=northchaddertonschool.co.uk|title=North Chadderton Sixth Form|access-date=11 September 2009|author=North Chadderton School|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918102354/http://www.northchaddertonschool.co.uk/index.php?id=79|archive-date=18 September 2008}}</ref><ref name="Borough Oldhamer">{{citation |title=A supermodel pupil drops in at her old school|newspaper=The Borough Oldhamer|page=3|date=June–July 2005 | issue =26}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news/13820/chaddertons-karen-is-the-new-face-of-john-lewis|publisher=oldham-chronicle.co.uk|title=Chadderton's Karen is the new face of John Lewis|access-date=29 December 2008|date=9 September 2008|last=Barker|first=Janice|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724002235/http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news/13820/chaddertons-karen-is-the-new-face-of-john-lewis|archive-date=24 July 2011}}</ref>
=== Sport ===
[[File:DavidPlatt.jpg|thumb|140px|[[David Platt (footballer)|David Platt]], 2010]]
* [[Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)|Arthur Dixon]] (1892–1965), footballer who played over 440 games including 326 for [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]
* [[Harry Morton (footballer)|Harry Morton]] (1909–1974), football goalkeeper, played 192 games for [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]
* [[Malcolm Hilton]] (1928– 1990), cricketer who played 270 [[First-class cricket]] games
* [[Frank Lord]] (1936–2005), footballer who played 354 games, including 122 for [[Rochdale A.F.C.|Rochdale]]
* [[David Platt (footballer)|David Platt]] (born 1966), footballer, played 448 games including 134 for [[Crewe Alexandra F.C.|Crewe Alexandra]] and 62 for [[England national football team|England]],<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/article798814.ece|work=[[The Times]]|last=Kay|first=Oliver|title=The error that let Henry slip through United net|date=6 December 2002|access-date=2 January 2009|location=London|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604201156/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/article798814.ece|archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://www.thefa.com/Features/EnglishDomestic/Postings/2003/06/54182.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20050312021903/http://www.thefa.com/Features/EnglishDomestic/Postings/2003/06/54182.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2005 |title=Englishmen Abroad: David Platt|last=Wright|first=James|access-date=11 September 2009|publisher=[[The Football Association]]|work=[[Internet Archive]] }}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.givemefootball.com/player-profiles/david-platt|publisher=givemefootball.com|title=David Platt Profile|access-date=20 December 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817044227/http://www.givemefootball.com/player-profiles/david-platt|archive-date=17 August 2010}}</ref>
* [[Deane Smalley]] (born 1988), footballer who has played over 250 games, beginning with 105 for [[Oldham Athletic A.F.C.|Oldham Athletic]]

==See also==
{{portal|Greater Manchester}}
*[[Listed buildings in Chadderton]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

'''Bibliography'''
{{refbegin}}
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{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Chadderton}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010119101600/http://www.chadderton-hs.freeuk.com/ www.chadderton-hs.freeuk.com], Website of the Chadderton Historical Society.
* [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/LAN/Chadderton/ www.genuki.org.uk], the [[GENUKI]] page for Chadderton Township.

{{Greater Manchester}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Chadderton| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Greater Manchester]]
[[Category:Unparished areas in Greater Manchester]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Greater Manchester]]
[[Category:Geography of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham]]