View source for Chalkidiki

{{Distinguish|Chalkidiki (constituency)|Chalkidiki Province}}{{Short description|Peninsula in Macedonia, Greece}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Greece place
| name                    = Chalkidiki
| name_local              = <small>Περιφερειακή ενότητα</small><br />Χαλκιδικής
| type                    = regional unit
| image_skyline           = 2010 Dimi Chalkidikis numbered.svg
| caption_skyline         = Municipalities of Chalkidiki
| image_map               = Nomos Chalidikis.png
| map_caption             = Chalkidiki within Greece
| coordinates             = {{coord|40|20|N|23|30|E|display=inline,title}}
| georegion               = [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]]
| periph                  = [[Central Macedonia]]
| seat                    = [[Polygyros]]
| area                    = 2918 <!-- 2917.877 -->
| elevation               = 
| population              = 102085
| population_as_of        = 2021
| demonym                 = 
| postal_code             = 63x xx
| area_code               = 237x0, 239x0
| licence                 = ΧΚ
| website                 = {{URL|www.halkidiki.gov.gr}}
}}
'''Chalkidiki''' ({{IPAc-en|k|æ|l|ˈ|k|ɪ|d|ᵻ|k|i}}; {{langx|el|Χαλκιδική|Chalkidikḗ}} {{IPA|el|xalciðiˈci|}}, alternatively '''Halkidiki'''), also known as '''Chalcidice''', is a [[peninsula]] and [[regional units of Greece|regional unit of Greece]], part of the region of [[Central Macedonia]], in the [[Geographic regions of Greece|geographic region]] of [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]] in [[Northern Greece]]. The autonomous [[Mount Athos]] region constitutes the easternmost part of the peninsula, but not of the regional unit.

The capital of Chalkidiki is the town of [[Polygyros]], located in the centre of the peninsula, while the largest town is [[Nea Moudania]]. Chalkidiki is a popular summer tourist destination.

==Name==
''Chalkidiki'' also spelled ''Halkidiki'' ({{IPAc-en|k|æ|l|ˈ|k|ɪ|d|ᵻ|k|i}}) or ''Chalcidice'' ({{IPAc-en|k|æ|l|ˈ|s|ɪ|d|ᵻ|s|i}}) is named after the ancient Greek city-state of [[Chalcis]] in [[Euboea]], which colonised the area in the 8th century BC.

==Geography==
[[File:Chalcidice.jpg|thumb|left|Map of ancient Chalcidice]]

Chalkidiki consists of a large peninsula in the northwestern [[Aegean Sea]], resembling a hand with three 'fingers' (though in Greek these peninsulas are often referred to as 'legs'). From west to east, these are [[Kassandra, Chalkidiki|Kassandra]] (highest peak 345 m), [[Sithonia]] (highest peak Mt Itamos 817 m), and [[Mount Athos]], a special polity within Greece known for its monasteries and its highest peak reaching 2,033 metres above sea level. These 'fingers' are separated by two gulfs, the [[Toronean Gulf]] and the [[Singitic Gulf]]. 

Chalkidiki borders on the regional unit of Thessaloniki to the north, and is bounded by the [[Thermaic Gulf]] on the west, and the [[Strymonian Gulf]] and Ierissos Gulf on the east (which are separated by the Brostomnitsa peninsula). 

The [[Mount Cholomon|Cholomontas]] mountains lie in the north-central part of Chalkidiki, with the highest peak reaching 1,165 metres above sea level. Chalkidiki has a few rivers running from Mt Cholomontas south to the sea, these include the Havrias, Vatonias (Olynthios) and Psychros rivers. Chalkidiki also has a few islands including the inhabited [[Ammouliani]] and [[Diaporos Island|Diaporos]] both in the Singitic Gulf.

Its largest towns are [[Nea Moudania]] ({{Lang|el|Νέα Μουδανιά}}), [[Kallikrateia|Nea Kallikrateia]] ({{Lang|el|Νέα Καλλικράτεια}}) and the capital town of [[Polygyros]] ({{Lang|el|Πολύγυρος}}).

There are several summer resorts on the beaches of all three fingers where other minor towns and villages are located, such as at [[Yerakini]] (Gerakina Beach) and [[Psakoudia]] in central Chalkidiki, [[Kallithea, Chalkidiki|Kallithea]], [[Chaniotis|Chanioti]] and [[Pefkochori]] in the [[Kassandra, Chalkidiki|Kassandra]] peninsula, [[Nikiti]] and [[Neos Marmaras]] ([[Porto Carras]]) in the [[Sithonia]] peninsula, and [[Ouranoupoli|Ouranoupolis]] at Mount Athos. A popular village in winter is [[Arnaia]] for its architecture and mountain scenery.

===Climate===

The climate of Chalkidiki is mainly [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] ([[Koppen]]: ''Csa'') with cool, wet winters and hot, relatively dry summers. Snowfalls are possible but not long-lasting during the winter months, while occasional thunderstorms may occur during the summer. Few areas such as [[Neos Marmaras]] have a [[hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''BSh'').<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petrou |first=Alec Moustris, John |title=meteo.gr – Προγνώσεις καιρού για όλη την Ελλάδα |url=https://www.meteo.gr/Monthly_Bulletins.cfm |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=meteo.gr – Προγνώσεις καιρού για όλη την Ελλάδα |language=EL}}</ref><ref  name="penteli_marmaras"/>

{{Weather box
|location= [[Neos Marmaras]] 6 m a.s.l.
| width = 70%
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan high C=12.2
|Feb high C=14.1
|Mar high C=15.6
|Apr high C=19.5
|May high C=24.3
|Jun high C=29.3
|Jul high C=32.1
|Aug high C=32.4
|Sep high C=27.8
|Oct high C=22.2
|Nov high C=18.1
|Dec high C=14.0

|Jan mean C= 9.4
|Feb mean C= 11.0
|Mar mean C=12.2
|Apr mean C=15.4
|May mean C=20.0
|Jun mean C=24.9
|Jul mean C=27.7
|Aug mean C=28.0
|Sep mean C=23.9
|Oct mean C=18.9
|Nov mean C=15.2
|Dec mean C=11.3

|Jan low C= 6.5
|Feb low C= 7.9
|Mar low C= 8.7
|Apr low C=11.3
|May low C=15.6
|Jun low C=20.5
|Jul low C=23.2
|Aug low C=23.6
|Sep low C=20.0
|Oct low C=15.6
|Nov low C=12.2
|Dec low C= 8.6

|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm=62.4
|Feb rain mm=28.9
|Mar rain mm=50.1
|Apr rain mm=27.4
|May rain mm=21.7
|Jun rain mm=33.9
|Jul rain mm= 28.0
|Aug rain mm= 11.6
|Sep rain mm=29.5
|Oct rain mm=36.8
|Nov rain mm=41.8
|Dec rain mm=60.3

| Jan record high C = 20.7
| Feb record high C = 22.8
| Mar record high C = 22.8
| Apr record high C = 26.5
| May record high C = 32.4
| Jun record high C = 36.4
| Jul record high C = 39.9
| Aug record high C = 41.6
| Sep record high C = 37.0
| Oct record high C = 29.3
| Nov record high C = 26.1
| Dec record high C = 19.8

| Jan record low C = -4.2
| Feb record low C = -0.5
| Mar record low C = 0.6
| Apr record low C = 4.2
| May record low C = 10.5
| Jun record low C = 13.1
| Jul record low C = 16.3
| Aug record low C = 18.6
| Sep record low C = 13.2
| Oct record low C = 9.9
| Nov record low C = 3.7
| Dec record low C = -0.6

|source = [[National Observatory of Athens]] (Feb 2014 – Jul 2024),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.meteo.gr/Monthly_Bulletins.cfm | title=N.O.A Monthly Bulletins }}|source 2= </ref> <br /> Neos Marmaras N.O.A station <ref name="penteli_marmaras">{{cite web | url=https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/marmaras/ | title=Latest Conditions in Neos Marmaras |website=penteli.meteo.gr |access-date=16 January 2025}}</ref> and [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name="WMO">{{cite web | url=https://oscar.wmo.int/surface/#/search/station/stationReportDetails/0-300-1-marmaras | title=World Meteorological Organization | accessdate=14 July 2023}}</ref>

}}

==History==
{{Further|Chalcidian League}}
{{Further|History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)}}
[[File:Petralona cave formations.JPG|thumb|[[Petralona cave]] formations]]
[[File:Byzantine tower at Nea Fokea 05.jpg|thumb|Byzantine tower, Nea Fokea]]
[[File:Kanal von Potidea.jpg|thumb|[[Nea Potidea|Potidea]] canal]]
[[File:Macedonian Kingdom.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Map of the Kingdom of Macedon, with Chalkidiki shown among the other districts of the kingdom]]

The first Greek settlers in this area came from [[Chalcis]] and [[Eretria]], ancient [[Ionians|ionian]] cities in [[Euboea]], around the 8th century BC who founded cities such as [[Mende (Chalcidice)|Mende]],<ref>Thucydides, Book 4, 123</ref> [[Toroni]] and [[Scione]].<ref>N. G. L. Hammond, ''A History of Macedonia, Vol.{{nbsp}}1: Historical Geography and Prehistory'' (Clarendon Press, 1972), p.{{nbsp}}426.</ref> A second wave came from [[Andros]] in the 6th century BC<ref>The Cyclades: Discovering the Greek Islands of the Aegean By John Freely p.&nbsp;82</ref> who founded cities such as [[Akanthos (Greece)|Akanthos]].<ref>Thucydides, Book 4, p.{{nbsp}}84</ref> The ancient city of [[Stageira]] was the birthplace of the great philosopher [[Aristotle]]. Chalkidiki was an important theatre of war during the [[Peloponnesian War]] between [[Classical Athens|Athens]] and [[Sparta]]. Later, the Greek colonies of the peninsula were conquered by [[Philip II of Macedon]] and Chalkidiki became part of [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)]]. After the end of the [[Macedonian Wars|wars]] between the Macedonians and the Romans, the region became part of the [[Roman Empire]], along with the rest of Greece. At the end of the Roman Republic (in 43 BC) a Roman colony was settled in Cassandreia, which was later (in 30 BC) resettled by Augustus.<ref>[http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6116/1/13.%20%CE%97%20%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%20%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424175948/http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6116/1/13.%20%CE%97%20%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%20%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1.pdf|date=24 April 2017}} D. C. Samsaris,''The Roman Colony of Cassandreia in Macedonia  (Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis)''  (in Greek), ''Dodona'' 16(1), 1987, 353–437</ref>

During the following centuries, Chalkidiki was part of the [[Byzantine Empire]] (East Roman Empire). On a [[chrysobull]] of Emperor [[Basil I]], dated 885, the ''Holy Mountain'' ([[Mount Athos]]) was proclaimed a place of monks, and no laymen or farmers or cattle-breeders were allowed to be settled there. With the support of [[Nikephoros II Phokas]], the [[Great Lavra|Great Lavra monastery]] was founded soon afterwards. Athos with its monasteries has been self-governing ever since. Today, over 2,000 monks from Greece and many other Orthodox Christian countries, such as Romania, Moldova, Georgia, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Russia, live an ascetic life in Athos, isolated from the rest of the world.

After a short period of domination by the Latin [[Kingdom of Thessalonica]], the area became again Byzantine until its conquest by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] in 1430. During the Ottoman period, the peninsula was important for its [[gold mining]]. In 1821, the [[Greek War of Independence]] started and the Greeks of Chalkidiki revolted under the command of [[Emmanouel Pappas]], a member of [[Filiki Eteria]], and other local fighters. The revolt was progressing slowly and unsystematically. The insurrection was confined to the peninsulas of Mount Athos and Kassandra. One of the main goals was to restrain and detain the coming of the Ottoman army from [[Istanbul]], until the revolution in the south (mainly [[Peloponnese]]) became stable. Finally, the revolt resulted in a decisive Ottoman victory at Kassandra. The survivors, among them Papas, were rescued by the [[Psara|Psarian]] fleet, which took them mainly to [[Skiathos]], [[Skopelos]] and [[Skyros]]. The Ottomans proceeded in retaliation and many villages were burnt.

Finally, the peninsula was incorporated into the [[Greek Kingdom]] in 1912 after the [[Balkan Wars]]. Many Greek refugees from [[East Thrace]] and [[Anatolia]] (modern Turkey) were settled in parts of Chalkidiki after the 1922 [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)|Greco-Turkish war]], adding to the indigenous Greek population.

In the 1980s, a tourism boom came to Chalkidiki and took over agriculture as the primary industry.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 March 2018|title=THE HISTORY OF KASSANDRA, HALKIDIKI!!|url=https://transferthessaloniki.eu/history-kassandra-halkidiki/|access-date=9 March 2021|website=Transfer Thessaloniki|language=en-US|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190657/https://transferthessaloniki.eu/history-kassandra-halkidiki/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In June 2003, at the holiday resort of [[Porto Carras]] located in Neos Marmaras, Sithonia, leaders of the [[European Union]] presented the first draft of the European Constitution (see [[History of the European Constitution]] for developments after this point).

===Ancient sites===
[[File:Amouliani Karagatsi beach.jpg|thumb|View of [[Ammouliani]] island]]
[[File:Cholomondas Mountain, Chalkidiki, Greece - Dense forest.jpg|thumb|[[Cholomontas]] mountain]]
[[File:Άγιος Μάμας.JPG|thumb|Aerial view of [[Agios Mamas, Chalkidiki|Agios Mamas]] village ([[Saint Mammes]])]]
[[File:Nikiti,IMG1 0324-B.jpg|thumb|[[Nikiti]] village]]
[[File:Chalkidiki - Nikiti, Agios Ioannis - panoramio.jpg|thumb|St. John beach]]
[[File:Toroni1.jpg|thumb|Beach in [[Toroni]]]]
[[File:Porto Carras Sithonia.jpg|thumb|Exterior view of ''[[Porto Carras]]'' Hotel in [[Sithonia]]]]
[[File:Sani Resort.jpg|thumb|Sani Resort in Sani, Chalkidiki]]

*[[Acanthus (Greece)|Acanthus]] (near [[Ierissos]])
*[[Acrothoi]]
*[[Aege]]
*[[Alapta]]
*[[Aphytis]] ([[Afytos]])
*[[Apollonia (Chalcidice)|Apollonia]] (near [[Polygyros]])
*[[Cleonae (Chalcidice)]]
*[[Galepsus (Chalcidice)|Galepsus]]
*[[Mekyberna]]
*[[Mende (Greece)|Mende]]
*[[Neapolis, Chalcidice]]
*[[Olophyxus]]
*[[Olynthus]]
*[[Palaiochori, Chalkidiki|Palaiochori "Neposi" castle]]
*[[Polychrono|Polichrono]]
*[[Potidaea]]
*[[Scione]]
*[[Scolus (Chalcidice)|Scolus]]
*[[Sermylia]] ([[Ormylia]])
*[[Stageira]]
*[[Spartolus]]
*[[Thyssus]]
*[[Toroni|Torone]]
*[[Treasury of the Acanthians]]
*[[Xerxes Canal]]

== Archaeology ==
In June 2022, archaeologists announced the discovery of a poorly preserved single-edged [[sabre]] among the ruins of a monastery on the coast of Chalcidice. Alongside the curved sword, excavators revealed evidence of a fire, a large cache of 14th-century glazed pottery vessels, as well as other weapons, including axes and arrowheads.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Tom Metcalfe |date=7 June 2022 |title=Rusty saber, possibly wielded by medieval Turkish pirates, unearthed in Greece |url=https://www.livescience.com/medieval-saber-found-greek-monastery |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=livescience.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Economy ==

=== Agriculture ===
The peninsula is notable for its [[olive oil]] and its green [[olive]]s production. Also various types of [[honey]] and [[Greek wine|wine]] are produced.

=== Tourism ===
Chalkidiki has been a popular summer tourist destination since the late 1950s when people from [[Thessaloniki]] started spending their summer holidays in the coastal villages. In the beginning tourists rented rooms in the houses of locals. By the 1960s, tourists from [[Austria]] and [[Germany]] started to visit Chalkidiki more frequently. Since the start of the big tourist boom in the 1970s, the whole region has been captured by tourism.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Deltsou |first1=Eleftheria |year=2007 |title= Second homes and tourism in a Greek village |journal=Ethnologia Europaea: Journal of European Ethnology |volume=37 |issue=1–2 |pages=124 }}</ref> In the region there is a [[golf course]], with plans for four others in the future.

=== Mining ===
Gold was mined in the region during antiquity by [[Philip II of Macedon]] and the next rulers. Since 2013, a revival of [[mining]] for [[gold]] and other minerals has occurred, and a number of concessions have been granted to [[Eldorado Gold]] of Canada. Critics claim that mining adversely affects tourism and the environment.<ref name=NYT011313>{{cite news|title=Greece Sees Gold Boom, but at a Price|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/14/world/europe/seeking-revenue-greece-approves-new-mines-but-environmentalists-balk.html|access-date=14 January 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=13 January 2013|author=Suzanne Daley}}</ref> Plus, the movement took panhellenic and international affection in the name of "Chalkidiki SOS" with major strikes and protests at European capitals during the years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Σκουριές: Ένταση στην πορεία κατά της εξόρυξης χρυσού |url=https://www.voria.gr/article/skouries-entasi-stin-poria-kata-tis-exorixis-chrisou}}</ref>

==Administration==
The Chalkidiki [[Regional units of Greece|regional unit]] is subdivided into five [[Municipalities of Greece|municipalities]] (numbered as in the infobox map):<ref name=Kallikratis>{{Cite web|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL8-SrPzKAEPjjtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6hq6ZkZV96FIukI0UzcPsWCK0LpLhpa7rhiWB4R5ntTnoWw7U8E1Amg.|title=ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text|language=el|publisher=[[Government Gazette (Greece)|Government Gazette]]}}</ref>
*[[Aristotelis (municipality)|Aristotelis]] (2)
*[[Kassandra, Chalkidiki|Kassandra]] (4)
*[[Nea Propontida]] (3)
*[[Polygyros]] (1)
*[[Sithonia]] (5)

===Prefecture===

As a part of Greece's [[Kallikratis Plan|2011 local government reform]], the Chalkidiki regional unit ({{Lang|el|περιφερειακή ενότητα}}, {{Lang|el-Latn|perifereiakí enótita}}) was created out of the former Chalkidiki [[Prefectures of Greece|prefecture]] ({{Lang|el|νομός}}, {{Lang|el-Latn|nomós}}); the regional unit has the same territory as the former prefecture. As part of the reforms, Chalkidiki's five municipalities ({{Lang|el|δήμοι}}, {{Lang|el-Latn|dhími}}) were created by combining former municipalities, which were in turn demoted to municipal units ({{Lang|el|δημοτικές ενότητες}}, {{Lang|el-Latn|dhimotikés enótites}}), according to the table below.<ref name=Kallikratis/>

{| class="wikitable"
! Municipalities !! Municipal Units{{Efn|Prior to the implementation of the [[Kallikratis Plan]] these ''municipal units'' were ''municipalities''.|name=|group=lower-alpha}}!! Seat
|-
| rowspan=3|[[Aristotelis (municipality)|Aristotelis]]|| [[Arnaia]] || rowspan=3|[[Ierissos]]
|-
| [[Panagia, Chalkidiki|Panagia]]
|-
| [[Stagira-Akanthos]]
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Kassandra, Chalkidiki|Kassandra]]|| [[Kassandra, Chalkidiki|Kassandra]] || rowspan=2|[[Kassandreia]]
|-
| [[Pallini, Chalkidiki|Pallini]]
|-
| rowspan=3|[[Nea Propontida]]|| [[Kallikrateia]] || rowspan=3|[[Nea Moudania]]
|-
| [[Moudania, Greece|Moudania]]
|-
| [[Triglia]]
|-
| rowspan=4|[[Polygyros]]|| [[Polygyros]] || rowspan=4|[[Polygyros]]
|-
| [[Anthemountas]]
|-
| [[Zervochoria]]
|-
| [[Ormylia]]
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Sithonia]]|| [[Sithonia]] || rowspan=2|[[Nikiti]]
|-
| [[Toroni]]
|}

===Provinces===

Before the abolishment of the [[provinces of Greece]] in 2006, the Chalkidiki prefecture was subdivided into the following provinces:<ref name=census91>{{cite web|url= http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00086.pdf |title=Detailed census results 1991 }}&nbsp;{{small|(39&nbsp;MB)}} {{in lang|el|fr}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Province !! Seat 
|-
| [[Arnaia Province]] || Arnaia
|-
| [[Chalkidiki Province]] || Polygyros
|}

==Population==

The autonomous monastic state of [[Mount Athos]] which is often considered to be geographically part of Chalkidiki recorded an additional 1,746 people in the 2021 census. The population is mostly Orthodox Christian monks.
{{Historical populations
|align = none
|1991<ref name = elstat>{{cite web |title=Απογραφές πληθυσμού 1991,2001,2011 σύμφωνα με την κωδικοποίηση της Απογραφής 2011 |url=https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/1210503/Kallikratis_me_plithismous_1991_2011.xls |publisher=[[Hellenic Statistical Authority]] |lang=el|access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref>|85471
|2001<ref name=elstat/>|96849
|2011<ref name=elstat/>|105908
|2021<ref name="census21"/>|102085
}}

==Television==
*[[TV Halkidiki]] – Nea Moudania
*[[Super TV (Greek TV channel)|Super TV]] – Nea Moudania

==Transport==
*Motorways:
**[[A24 motorway (Greece)|A24 motorway]] connects [[Thessaloniki]] and [[Thessaloniki International Airport, "Macedonia"|"Macedonia" Airport]] with [[Nea Moudania]] and [[Kallithea, Chalkidiki|Kallithea]] in Kassandra.
*Chalkidiki has no [[Rail transport|railroads]] or [[airports]].
*A bus system, KTEL, serves major towns.

In September 2018 it was announced that [[Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)|Line 2]] of the [[Thessaloniki Metro]] could be extended in the future in order to serve commuters to and from some areas of Chalkidiki.<ref name="am 83 deth">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ametro.gr/?p=13667 |title=ΑΤΤΙΚΟ ΜΕΤΡΟ: "Το Μέτρο στη πόλη μας" με το πρώτο του βαγόνι. Συμμετοχή της Αττικό Μετρό Α.Ε. στην 83η Δ.Ε.Θ. |website=www.ametro.gr |language=el |trans-title=Attiko Metro: "The Metro in our city" with the first carriage. The participation of Attiko Metro S.A. at the 83rd Thessaloniki International Fair |access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref>

== Notable inhabitants ==

[[File:Aristotle Altemps Inv8575.jpg|thumb|160px|Bust of [[Aristotle]] in [[National Museum of Rome]].]]

*[[Paeonius of Mende]] (late 5th century BC), sculptor
*Philippus of Mende, [[Plato]]'s student, astronomer
*[[Nicomachus (father of Aristotle)|Nicomachus]], [[Aristotle]]'s father
*[[Aristobulus of Cassandreia]] (375–301 BC), historian, architect
*[[Aristotle]] (384 BC in [[Stageira]]–322 BC), philosopher
*[[Andronicus of Olynthus]] ({{circa|370 BC}}), Phrourarchus of Tyre, appointed by Antigonus
*[[Callisthenes]] (360–328 BC), historian
*[[Crates (engineer)|Crates of Olynthus]], Alexander's hydraulic engineer
*Bubalus of Cassandreia (304 BC), ''keles'' (horse) competing in the flat race of the Lykaia<ref>[[Arcadia (region)|Arkadia]]{{snd}}[[Lycaeus|Lykaion]]{{snd}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20071201121839/http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/main?url=oi%3Fikey%3D32707%26bookid%3D12 Epigraphical Database]</ref>
*[[Poseidippus of Cassandreia]] ({{circa|310}}–240 BC), comic poet
*Erginus (son of Simylus) from Cassandreia, [[citharede]] winner in [[Soteria (festival)|Soteria]] {{circa|260 BC}}<ref>[[Phocis (ancient region)|Phocis]]{{snd}}[[Delphi]]{{snd}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20071201131137/http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=239145&bookid=452&region=3&subregion=7 Epigraphical Database]</ref>
*[[Konstantinos Doumbiotis]] (1793-1848), revolutionary of the [[Greek War of Independence]]
*[[Stamatios Kapsas]], revolutionary of the [[Greek War of Independence]]
*[[Xenophon Paionidis]] (1863–1933), architect
*[[Manolis Mitsias]], singer
*[[Sokratis Malamas]] (1957 in Sykia), singer
*[[Paola Foka]] (1982 Sykia), singer<ref>{{Cite web|title=Xronia Polla Paola Foka, Who Turns 38 Today|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/06/25/xronia-polla-paola-foka-who-turns-38-today/|access-date=23 February 2021|website=Greek City Times|date=25 June 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Chalkidian League]]
* [[List of settlements in Chalkidiki]]
* [[Mount Athos]]
* [[Petralona cave]]
* [[Vavdos Folklore Collection]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Chalkidiki}}

{{Kallikratis-Central Macedonia}}
{{Prefectures of Greece}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chalkidiki| ]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Greece]]
[[Category:Prefectures of Greece]]
[[Category:Regional units of Central Macedonia]]
[[Category:Geography of ancient Macedonia]]
[[Category:Wine regions of Greece]]