View source for Charles-François Daubigny

{{Short description|French painter (1817–1878)}}
{{Infobox artist
| name          = Charles-François Daubigny
| image         = Charles francois daubigny.jpg
| image_upright = 1
| caption       = Photograph by [[Nadar]]
| birth_name    =
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1817|2|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place   = Paris, France
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1878|2|19|1817|2|15|df=yes}}
| death_place   = Paris, France
| known_for     = [[Painting]]
| training      =
| movement      = [[Barbizon school]]
| notable_works =
| patrons       =
| awards        = 
}}

'''Charles-François Daubigny''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|oʊ|b|ɪ|n|j|i}} {{respell|DOH|bin|yee}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Daubigny,+Charles+Fran%C3%A7ois |title=Daubigny, Charles François |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|d|oʊ|b|iː|n|ˈ|j|iː|,_|d|oʊ|ˈ|b|iː|n|j|i}} {{respell|DOH|been|YEE|,_|doh|BEEN|yee}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/daubigny|title=Daubigny|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Daubigny|access-date=17 September 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|ʃaʁl fʁɑ̃swa dobiɲi|lang}}; 15 February 1817{{snd}}19 February 1878) was a French painter, one of the members of the [[Barbizon school]], and is considered an important precursor of [[impressionism]].

He was also a prolific [[printmaker]], mostly in [[etching]], and one of the main artists who used the [[cliché verre]] technique.

==Biography==
Daubigny was born in Paris, into a family of painters; taught art by his father, {{ill|Edmé-François Daubigny|fr}}, and his uncle, [[Portrait miniature|miniaturist]] Pierre Daubigny (1793-1858). He was also a pupil of Jean-Victor Bertin, Jacques Raymond Brascassat and [[Paul Delaroche]], from whom he would quickly emancipate himself. Though best known for his painted landscapes, Daubigny survived for many years as a graphic artist, illustrating books, magazines and travel guides for publication.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newhouse |first=Jill |date=January 2015 |title=Charles F. Daubigny: Drawings for Le Voyage en Bateau |url=http://www.jillnewhouse.com/catalogues/daubigny-drawings-for-voyage-en-bateau |website=Jill Newhouse Gallery}}</ref>

In 1838, he set up, at the Rue des Amandiers-Popincourt, a community of artists, a phalanstery, with Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume, Hippolyte Lavoignat, [[Ernest Meissonnier]], Auguste Steinheil, Louis Joseph Trimolet, with whom he already had expressed his interest in subjects drawn directly from daily life and nature. These artists will work, among others, for the publisher Léon Curmer, who was specialized in books illustrated with vignettes. From this period date the first confirmed engravings by Daubigny. 

Initially Daubigny painted in a more traditional style, but this changed after 1843 when he settled in [[Barbizon]] to work outside in nature. Even more important was his meeting with [[Camille Corot]] in 1852 in Optevoz (Isère). On his famous boat ''Botin'', which he had turned into a studio, he painted along the [[Seine]] and [[Oise]], often in the region around [[Auvers-sur-Oise|Auvers]]. From 1852 onward, he was influenced by [[Gustave Courbet]]. The two artists were from the same generation and were driven by the realist movement: during a joint stay, each composed a series of views of Optevoz.

In 1848, Daubigny worked on behalf of the Chalcographie du Louvre, performing facsimiles, which testifies to his great expertise in this art, and revisiting the technique of aquatint in a less cumbersome process. His famous series of ''Rolling Carts'' dates from this period. In 1862, with Corot, he experimented with the cliché-verre technique, halfway between photography and printmaking.

In 1866, he joined the jury of the Paris Salon for the first time, alongside his friend Corot. The same year, Daubigny visited England, eventually returning because of the [[Franco-Prussian war]], in 1870. In [[London]] he met [[Claude Monet]], and they left for the Netherlands together. Back in Auvers, he met [[Paul Cézanne]], another important Impressionist. It is assumed that these younger [[impressionism|impressionist]] painters were influenced by Daubigny.

Daubigny died in [[Paris]] in 1878. His remains are interred at [[cimetière du Père-Lachaise]] (division 24). 

His followers and pupils included his son {{ill|Karl Daubigny|fr|lt=Karl}} (whose works are occasionally mistaken for those of his father), {{ill|Achille Oudinot|fr}}, [[Hippolyte Camille Delpy]], [[Albert Charpin]] and [[Pierre Emmanuel Damoye]]. The two painters who introduced the [[Barbizon School]] in [[Portugal]], in 1879, [[António Carvalho da Silva Porto|António da Silva Porto]] and [[João Marques de Oliveira]], were also his disciples.<ref>José-Augusto França, ''A Arte em Portugal no Século XIX'', Lisbon, Bertrand Editora, 3rd edition, 1990, volume 2 (Portuguese)</ref>

==Paintings==
[[File:Charles-François Daubigny - Le printemps - Google Art Project.jpg|thumbnail|300px|Charles-François Daubigny, ''Spring'' (1862)]]
The most striking paintings by Daubigny were those produced between 1864 and 1874, which depict mostly forest landscapes and lakes. Disappointed because he felt that he did not meet with the same level of success and admiration as his contemporaries, by the end of his career he was nonetheless an extremely sought-after and appreciated artist. The motifs of his paintings, sometimes tending towards repetitiveness and often playing on the horizontality of the landscape underlined by a backlight effect, would be taken up and accentuated by [[Hippolyte Camille Delpy]], his most influenced student.

His most ambitious canvases include ''Springtime'' (1857), in the Louvre; ''Borde de la Cure'', Morvan (1864); ''Villerville sur Mer'' (1864); ''Moonlight'' (1865); ''Auvers-sur-Oise'' (1868); and ''Return of the Flock'' (1878).  He was named by the French government as an Officer of the [[Legion of Honor]].<ref>The Iconographic Encyclopaedia of the Arts and Scien: Sculpture and painting, 1887, page 138</ref>

==In popular culture==
The life of Daubigny was adapted into a [[graphic novel]] by Belgian comics writer Bruno de Roover and artist [[Luc Cromheecke]]. It appeared under the title ''De Tuin van Daubigny'' in 2016,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/d/de-roover_bruno.htm|title = Bruno de Roover}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/c/cromheecke.htm|title=Luc Cromheecke}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/cultuur-media/cromheecke-voelt-sympathie-voelt-voor-pretentieloosheid-van-daubigny~b2f79055/|title = Cromheecke voelt sympathie voelt voor pretentieloosheid van Daubigny|date = 10 December 2016}}</ref> and in an [[ebook]] English translation by James Vandermeersch, as ''Daubigny's Garden'', in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.apple.com/us/book/daubignys-garden/id6447275226 | title = Daubigny's Garden | website = books.apple.com | access-date = June 11, 2025}}</ref>

==Public collections==
Among the public collections holding works by Charles-François Daubigny are:
{{col-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[The Art Institute of Chicago]]<ref>[https://www.artic.edu/collection?q=Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Daubigny The Art Institute of Chicago]</ref>
* [[Cincinnati Art Museum]]<ref>[https://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/art/explore-the-collection?id=18360668 Cincinnati Art Museum]</ref>
* [[The Frick Collection]], [[New York City|New York]]<ref>[https://collections.frick.org/people/75/charlesfrancois-daubigny The Frick Collection]</ref>
* [[Hermitage Museum|The Hermitage]], [[Saint Petersburg]]<ref>[https://www.artic.edu/collection?q=Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Daubigny The Hermitage]</ref>
* [http://www.demesdagcollectie.nl/en/search/collection Mesdag Collectie], [[The Hague]]<ref>[https://www.demesdagcollectie.nl/en/search/collection?q=&artist=Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Daubigny Mesdag Collection]</ref>
* [[The Israel Museum, Jerusalem|The Israel Museum]], [[Jerusalem]]<ref>[https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/191788-0 The Israel Museum]</ref>
* [[Kunstmuseum Den Haag]], [[The Hague]]<ref>[https://www.kunstmuseum.nl/en/collection/farm-kerity-brittany Kunstmuseum Den Haag]</ref>
* [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]]<ref>[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search?q=Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois+Daubigny Metropolitan Museum of Art]</ref>
* [[Montreal Museum of Fine Arts]]<ref>Nathalie Bondil, ''The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. 150th anniversary guide'', Montréal, Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal, 2013, p. 168</ref>
* [[Musée du Louvre]], [[Paris]]<ref>[https://collections.louvre.fr/recherche?q=daubigny%20charles-fran%C3%A7ois&typology%5B0%5D=1 Musée du Louvre]</ref>
* [[Musée d'Orsay]], [[Paris]]<ref>[https://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/ressources/repertoire-artistes-personnalites/charles-francois-daubigny-35854 Musée d'Orsay]</ref>
* [[Museum de Fundatie]], [[Zwolle]]
* [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston|Museum of Fine Arts]], [[Boston]]<ref>
[https://collections.mfa.org/advancedsearch/Objects/peopleSearch%3ACharles%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20Daubigny Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]</ref>
* [[National Gallery of Canada]], [[Ottawa]]<ref>[https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artist/charles-francois-daubigny National Gallery of Canada]</ref>
* [[National Galleries of Scotland]], [[Edinburgh]]<ref>[https://www.nationalgalleries.org/search?artists%5B3040%5D=3040 National Galleries of Scotland]</ref>
* [[National Gallery]], [[London]]<ref>[https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/charles-francois-daubigny National Gallery, London]</ref>
* [[National Gallery of Art]], [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>[https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1207.html?artobj_artistId=1207&pageNumber=1 National Gallery of Art]</ref>
* [[Neue Pinakothek]], [[Munich]]<ref>[https://www.sammlung.pinakothek.de/en/artist/zA0GODE4dp/charles-francois-daubigny Neue Pinakothek]</ref>
* [[Rijksmuseum]], [[Amsterdam]]<ref>[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/search?q=Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois+Daubigny&v=&s=objecttype&ondisplay=False Rijksmuseum]</ref>
* [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>[https://americanart.si.edu/artist/charles-francois-daubigny-1131 Smithsonian American Art Museum]</ref>
}}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Pièce d'eau sous-bois (Daubigny).jpg|''[[Pool Beneath Trees]]'' (1850)<br />[[Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa]], [[Le Havre]]
File:Charles-François Daubigny - Harvest - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[The Harvest (Daubigny)|The Harvest]]'' (1851)<br />[[Musée d'Orsay]], [[Paris]]
File:Charles-Franҫois Daubigny - The Ponds of Gylieu - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Ponds of Gylieu '' (1853)<br /> [[Cincinnati Art Museum]]
File:Brooklyn Museum - The River Seine at Mantes - Charles-François Daubigny.jpg|''The River Seine at Mantes'' (1856)<br > [[Brooklyn Museum]]
File:Charles François Daubigny - Banks of the Oise.jpg|''Banks of the Oise'' (1863)<br /> [[Saint Louis Art Museum]]
File:The Creek (1863).jpg|''The Creek'' (1863), oil on panel, 11 13/16 x 19 in. (30 x 48.3 cm), [[Clark Art Institute]]
File:Charles François Daubigny - Twilight - Walters 37128.jpg|''Twilight'' (1866)<br /> [[Walters Art Museum]], [[Baltimore]]
File:The Bridge between Persan and Beaumont-sur-Oise.jpg|''The Bridge between Persan and Beaumont-sur-Oise'' (1867), oil on panel, 15 1/8 x 26 7/16 in. (38.4 x 67.1 cm), [[Clark Art Institute]]
File:Charles-François Daubigny 005.jpg|''La Confluence de la Seine et de l'Oise'' (1868)<br /> [[Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)|Museum of Fine Arts]], [[Budapest]]
File:Charles-François Daubigny - Les blanchisseuses (1870s).jpg|''Les Blanchisseuses'' (1870-1874)<br /> [[The Frick Collection]], [[New York City|New York]]
File:Charles-François Daubigny - Les Sables-d'Olonne - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Les Sables-d'Olonne]]'', seaside town<br /> in western France 
File:Charles-François Daubigny - Bateaux sur la côte à Étaples (1871).jpg|''Boats on the Seacoast at [[Étaples]]'' (1871)<br /> [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]]
File:Les Laveuses - Charles Francois Daubigny - ABDAG003149.jpg|''Les Laveuses'' (1873)<br /> [[Aberdeen Art Gallery]]
File:Woodland Scene.jpg|''Woodland Scene'' (1873), oil on panel, 9 1/16 x 7 in. (23 x 17.8 cm), [[Clark Art Institute]]
File:Lever de lune à Auvers ou le retour du troupeau.jpg|''Lever de lune à Auvers'', or ''Le Retour du troupeau'' (1878)<br /> [[Montreal Museum of Fine Arts]]
File:Charles-François Daubigny - Farm at Kerity, Brittany - Google Art Project.jpg| ''Farm at Kerity'', Brittany <br /> [[Kunstmuseum Den Haag]], [[The Hague]]
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Daubigny's Garden]], painted three times by [[Vincent van Gogh]].

==Notes==
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2014}}
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Daubigny, Charles François|volume=7|page=847}}

==Further reading==
* Fidell-Beaufort, Madeleine and Bailly-Herzberg, Janine; parallel text, French/English, with English translation by Judith Schub (1975). ''Daubigny''. Series: ''La Vie et l'œuvre''. Paris: Geoffroy-Dechaume.
* Hellebranth, Robert. ''Charles François Daubigny, 1817-1878''. Vol. I, Catalogue Raisonné, 1016 paintings (1976); Vol. 2, Supplement, 224 paintings (1996). Morges: Matute.
* Henriet, Frédéric (1897). [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044033331893 ''C. Daubigny et son œuvre gravé'']. Paris: A. Lévy.
* Ives, Colba, with Barker, Elizabeth E. (2000). [https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/101999 ''Romanticism & the school of nature: nineteenth-century drawings and paintings from the Karen B. Cohen collection''], pp. 186-193. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
* Mollett, John W. (1890). [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t3808pn2w?urlappend=%3Bseq=66 "Charles-François Daubigny"] (pp. 34-58) in ''The Painters of Barbizon'', Volume 2, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington.
* Wickenden, Robert J. (1914). [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nnc1.ar62828096 ''Charles-François Daubigny, painter and etcher'']. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote|Charles-François Daubigny}}
* [https://museedaubigny.com/ Musée Daubigny], Auvers-sur-Oise, France.
* [http://www.atelier-daubigny.com La Maison-Atelier de Daubigny], the artist's home and studio at Auvers-sur-Oise, France, decorated with extensive wall paintings by Daubigny, his son Karl, and his friends [[Corot]], [[Daumier]], and {{ill|Achille Oudinot|fr}}.
* [http://www.rehs.com/Charles_Francois_Daubigny_Bio.html Charles-François Daubigny] bio at Rehs Galleries.
* [https://www.askart.com/artist/Charles_Francois_Daubigny/9000031/Charles_Francois_Daubigny.aspx Charles-François Daubigny] bio at askart.com.
*{{Art UK bio}}

{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daubigny, Charles-Francois}}
[[Category:1817 births]]
[[Category:1878 deaths]]
[[Category:Painters from Paris]]
[[Category:19th-century French painters]]
[[Category:French male painters]]
[[Category:French Realist painters]]
[[Category:French landscape painters]]
[[Category:Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery]]
[[Category:19th-century French male artists]]