View source for Charles Chiniquy

{{Short description|Canadian Presbyterian minister and socio-political activist (1809–1899)}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Priest (later Minister)
| honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]
| name = Charles Chiniquy
| honorific_suffix = 
| title = * Temperance Apostle<br/>
* Pastor of the<br/>"First Presbyterian Church of St. Anne"
| image = Charles Chiniquy Portrait.png
| image_upright = 
| alt = 
| caption = 
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| church = * [[Catholic Church]] (1809-58)
* [[Presbyterianism]] (1858-99)
└─ [[Orange Order]]<br/>
└─ [[Presbyterian Church in the United States of America|PCUSA]]<br/>
└─ [[Presbyterian Church in Canada|PCC]]
| archdiocese = 
| province = 
| metropolis = 
| diocese = [[Archdiocese of Quebec|Quebec]] (1832-47)<br/>[[Archdiocese of Montréal|Montréal]] (1847[?]-52)<br/>[[Archdiocese of Chicago|Chicago]] (1851-58)
| see = 
| elected = 
| term = 
| quashed = 
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| opposed = 
| other_post = Founder of the [[Temperance movement|Temperance]] Society, [[Beauport, Quebec City|Beauport]] (1839)
| previous_post = [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|Catholic Priest]] in Canada 
* '''[[Curate#Catholic Church|Curate]]''' of St. Charles Parish (1833-34), and St. Roch Parish (1834-38), Quebec
* '''[[Vicar#Catholic Church|Vicar]]''' of Beauport (1838-42) and Kamouraska (1842-47)
* Temperance Preacher (1847-52)
* Missionary in [[Kankakee County]], [[Illinois]], USA
| ordination = * 18 May 1832<br/>(as [[Deacon|Catholic deacon]])<br/>by [[Joseph Signay]]<br/>
* 21 September 1833<br/>(as [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|Catholic priest]])<br/>by [[Joseph Signay]]
* 1 February 1860<br/>(as [[Presbyterian polity#Minister|Presbyterian minister]])
| ordained_by = 
| consecration = 
| consecrated_by = 
| cardinal = 
| created_cardinal_by = 
| rank = 
| laicized = 1858 (left the Catholic Church) <!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name = Charles Paschal Telesphore Chiniquy
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1809|07|30}}
| baptised = 
| birth_place = [[Kamouraska, Quebec|Kamouraska]], [[Lower Canada]], [[British Empire]]<br/>(now in [[Bas-Saint-Laurent]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1899|01|16|1809|07|30}}
| death_place = [[Montreal, Quebec|Montreal]], [[Quebec]],<br/>[[Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)|Post-Confederation Canada]] (now [[Canada]])
| buried = [[Mount Royal Cemetery]], [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]]
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|45.50940229637065|-73.59699046093925}}
| nationality = 
| residence = 
| parents = Marie-Reine Perreault (mother)<br/>Charles Chiniquy (father)
| spouse = {{marriage |Euphémie Allard|1864}}
| children = 3
| occupation = Clergyman, Writer
| profession = 
| education = [[Doctor of Divinity]] (D.D.)
| alma_mater = * [[Nicolet Seminary]]<br/>
* [[Séminaire de Québec|Grand Séminaire]],<br/>[[Quebec City]]
| motto = "''Ye are all brethren, the children of God''"
| signature = 
| signature_alt = 
| coat_of_arms = 
| coat_of_arms_alt = <!---------- Sainthood ---------->
| feast_day = 
| venerated = 
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| beatified_place = 
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| canonized_place = 
| canonized_by = 
| attributes = 
| patronage = 
| shrine = 
| suppressed_date = <!---------- Other ---------->
| module = 
| module2 = 
| other = 
}}
[[File:Charles Chiniquy (1).jpg|thumb|Charles Chiniquy (1886)|221x221px]]
'''Charles Paschal Telesphore Chiniquy''' (30 July 1809 – 16 January 1899) was a Canadian [[Social activism|socio]]-[[Political activism|political]] activist and former [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] priest who left the Catholic Church and converted to [[Protestant Christianity]], becoming a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] minister.<ref name="CBC Radio-Canada">{{cite magazine |last=Ferland |first=Catherine |date=1 February 2020 |title=Charles Chiniquy, apôtre spectaculaire de l'abstinence à l'alcool |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/ohdio/premiere/emissions/aujourd-hui-l-histoire/segments/entrevue/153279/charles-chiniquy-apotre-temperance-alcool-catherine-ferland |url-status=live |magazine=Aujourd'hui l'histoire |location=[[Montreal]] |publisher=[[Ici Radio-Canada Première]] |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017192608/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/ohdio/premiere/emissions/aujourd-hui-l-histoire/segments/entrevue/153279/charles-chiniquy-apotre-temperance-alcool-catherine-ferland |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref> He later rode the lecture circuit in the United States, [[Anti-Catholicism in the United States|denouncing the Catholic Church]].<ref name="CBC Radio-Canada"/><ref>{{cite journal |author-last=Laverdure |author-first=Paul |date=June 1988 |title=Creating an Anti-Catholic Crusader: Charles Chiniquy |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9809.1988.tb00519.x |journal=[[Journal of Religious History]] |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] on behalf of the Religious History Association |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=94–108 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9809.1988.tb00519.x |issn=0022-4227 |eissn=1467-9809|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=13 June 2016 |title=Newly acquired artifacts recall a revered and reviled priest |url=https://www.historymuseum.ca/blog/newly-acquired-artifacts-recall-a-revered-and-reviled-priest/ |url-status=live |website=www.historymuseum.ca |location=[[Gatineau]] |publisher=[[Canadian Museum of History]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023094012/https://www.historymuseum.ca/blog/newly-acquired-artifacts-recall-a-revered-and-reviled-priest/ |archive-date=23 October 2022 |access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref> His themes were that Catholicism was [[Paganism|pagan]], that Catholics worship the [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]], and that [[Catholic theology|its theology]] was anti-Christian.<ref name="Chiniquy"/>

Chiniquy founded the [[St. Anne, Illinois|St. Anne Colony]], a [[Village (Illinois)|village]] located in [[Kankakee County, Illinois|Kankakee County]], [[Illinois]] in 1851.<ref name="Roby2000">{{cite encyclopedia|location=Ottawa|publisher=National Archives of Canada and National Library of Canada|encyclopedia=[[Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online]]|issn=1709-6812|oclc=463897210|volume=12|year=2000|editor-last=English|editor-first=John|title=Chiniquy, Charles|last=Roby|first=Yves|url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=6029|access-date=27 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001152927/http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=6029|archive-date=1 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Fifty Years in the Church of Rome'', an extensive [[Autobiography|autobiographical account]] of his life and thoughts as a priest in the Catholic Church, was written by Chiniquy and published in 1886.<ref name="Chiniquy">{{cite book |last=Chiniquy |first=Charles |year=2018 |orig-year=1886 |title=Fifty Years in the Church of Rome |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjpwDwAAQBAJ |location=[[New York City|New York]], [[Chicago]], and [[Toronto]] |publisher=[[Fleming H. Revell]] |edition=1st (Reprint) |isbn=978-3-73404-393-2}}</ref> He warned of plots by [[Holy See|the Vatican]] to take control of the United States by importing Catholic immigrants from [[History of Ireland (1801–1923)|Ireland]], [[German Confederation|Germany]], and [[France in the long nineteenth century|France]], and suggested that the Vatican was behind the [[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln]].<ref>George, Joseph. “The Lincoln Writings of Charles P. T. Chiniquy,” ''Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society'', vol. 69, no. 1, 1976, pp. 17–25. ''JSTOR'', JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40191689.</ref>

==Biography==
Chiniquy was born in 1809 to a [[French Canadians|French-Canadian]] family in the village of [[Kamouraska, Quebec|Kamouraska]], [[Quebec]]. He lost his father at an early age and was adopted by his uncle. As a young man, Chiniquy studied to become a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] priest at the [[Collège François-de-Laval|Petit Séminaire de Québec]] in [[Nicolet, Quebec]]. He was ordained in 1833; after his ordination, he served his church in Quebec.<ref name="CBC Radio-Canada"/> During the 1840s, he led a campaign throughout Quebec [[Temperance movement|against the consumption of alcohol]] and [[drunkenness]].<ref name="CBC Radio-Canada"/>

Later he immigrated to [[Illinois]] in the United States.<ref name="CBC Radio-Canada"/> In 1855, Chiniquy was sued by a prominent Catholic layman named Peter Spink in [[Kankakee, Illinois]]. After the fall court term, Spink applied for a change of venue to the court in [[Urbana, Illinois]]. Chiniquy hired the then-lawyer [[Abraham Lincoln]], the future [[16th President of the United States]], to defend him. The spring court action in Urbana was the highest profile libel suit in Lincoln's career.<ref name=serup>{{cite book | last = Serup | first = Paul | title = Who killed Abraham Lincoln? : an investigation of North America's most famous ex-priest's assertion that the Catholic Church was behind the assassination of America's greatest president | publisher = Salmova Press | location = Prince George, B.C | year = 2010 | isbn = 9780981168500 }}</ref> The case was ended in the fall court session by agreement.<ref>{{cite book | last =Fenster| first = Julie M. | year = 2007 | title = The Case of Abraham Lincoln | url =https://archive.org/details/caseofabrahamlin00fens| url-access =registration| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | isbn = 978-0-230-60809-2}}</ref>

Chiniquy clashed with the Bishop of Chicago, [[Anthony O'Regan]], over the bishop's treatment of Catholics in the city, particularly [[French Canadians]]. He asserted that O'Regan was secretly backing Spink's suit against him. Chiniquy said that in 1856, O'Regan had threatened him with [[Excommunication (Catholic Church)|excommunication]] if he did not go to a new location where the bishop wanted to assign him. As Chiniquy refused to head that reassignment, O'Regan suspended and several months later excommunicated him in a pastoral letter, also published by ''[[The New York Times]]''. Chiniquy disputed this decision, publicly calling the bishop mistaken. Chiniquy left the Catholic Church in 1858,<ref name=serup/> and subsequently [[Conversion to Christianity#Protestantism|converted]] to [[Protestant Christianity]], becoming a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]] in 1860.<ref name="CBC Radio-Canada"/>

He asserted that Catholicism was [[Paganism|Pagan]], that Catholics worship the [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]], and that [[Catholic theology|its theology]] was anti-Christian.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fifty Years in the Church of Rome|url=https://archive.org/details/fiftyyearsinchur00chin|last=Chiniquy|first=Charles|publisher=Fleming H. Revell|year=1886|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fiftyyearsinchur00chin/page/118 118]–128}}</ref> He warned of supposed plots by [[Holy See|the Vatican]] to take control of the United States by importing Catholic immigrants from [[History of Ireland (1801–1923)|Ireland]], [[German Confederation|Germany]], and [[France in the long nineteenth century|France]]. This was at a time of high immigration rates from those countries, in response to social and political upheaval (the Great Famine in Ireland and revolutions in Germany and France). Chiniquy claimed that he was falsely accused by his superiors (and that Abraham Lincoln had come to his rescue), that the [[American Civil War]] was a plot against the United States of America by the Vatican, and that the Vatican was behind the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] cause, and the [[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|assassination of U.S. President Lincoln]], and that Lincoln's assassins were faithful Catholics ultimately serving [[Pope Pius IX]].

After leaving the Catholic Church, Chiniquy dedicated his life to [[Evangelism|preach and evangelize]] among his fellow French Canadians, as well as other people in [[Canada]] and the [[United States]], in order to convert them from Catholicism to [[Protestant Christianity]]. He wrote a number of books and tracts expressing his [[Criticism of the Catholic Church|criticism and views on the alleged errors in the faith and practices of the Catholic Church]].<ref name="Chiniquy"/> His two most influential literary works are the autobiography ''Fifty Years in The Church of Rome''<ref>{{cite book|location=New York; Chicago; Toronto|publisher=Fleming H. Revell|last=Chiniquy|first=Charles P|author-link=Charles Chiniquy|title=Fifty years in the Church of Rome|year=1886|oclc=343196|url=https://archive.org/download/fiftyyearsinchur00chin/fiftyyearsinchur00chin.pdf|access-date=2 April 2013|archive-url=https://archive.org/details/fiftyyearsinchur00chin|archive-date=2 June 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> and the polemical treatise ''The Priest, The Woman, and The Confessional''.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iOJ_KRl2IG0C The Priest, The Woman and The Confessional]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''</ref> These books raised concerns in the United States about the influence of the Catholic Church.<ref name="Chiniquy"/> According to one Canadian biographer, Chiniquy is Canada's best-selling author of all time.<ref>{{cite book | last =Lougheed| first = Richard | year = 2009 | title = The Controversial Conversion of Charles Chiniquy ''Texts and Studies in Protestant History and Thought in Quebec'' | publisher = Clements Academic | isbn = 978-1-894667-93-7}}</ref> He joined the [[Orange Order]] and said of it: "I always found them staunch and true. I consider it a great honour to be an Orangeman. Every time I go on my knees I pray that God may bless them and make them as numerous and bright as the stars of the heaven above."<ref>''Beyond the Banners: The Story of the Orange Order,'' pg. 93</ref> When Chiniquy visited [[Hobart]] in 1879, a riot occurred when hundreds of Catholic opponents forced their way into the lecture hall. The meeting was abandoned and more than five hundred law enforcement personnel were employed for the next meeting, with thousands of protestors outside the building.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vertigan |first1=Graham |title=Chiniquy Affair |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/tasmanian-companion/biogs/E000203b.htm |website=Companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=[[Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies]] |access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref>

In 1864, Chiniquy married Euphémie Allard. The couple had three children together.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Papers Of Abraham Lincoln |url=https://papersofabrahamlincoln.org/persons/CH11070 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=papersofabrahamlincoln.org}}</ref> Chiniquy died in [[Montreal, Quebec]], Canada on January 16, 1899.

== Legacy ==
To this day, some of Chiniquy's works are still promoted among Protestant Christians and ''[[Sola scriptura]]'' believers. One of his most well-known modern day followers was the [[Fundamentalism|American Fundamentalist]] cartoonist and comic book writer [[Jack Chick]], notable for being the creator of the "[[Chick tracts]]";<ref>{{cite book |last=Bivins |first=Jason C. |year=2008 |title=Religion of Fear: The Politics of Horror in Conservative Evangelicalism |chapter=“Jesus Was Not a Weak Fairy”: Chick Tracts and the Visual Culture of Evangelical Fear |location=[[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340815.003.0003 |isbn=9780195340815 |oclc=458759012}}</ref> he also published a comic-form adaptation of Chiniquy's autobiography ''Fifty Years in The Church of Rome'', titled "The Big Betrayal".<ref>{{cite book |last=Chick |first=Jack T. |author-link=Jack Chick |year=1981 |title=The Big Betrayal |url=http://www.chick.com/catalog/comics/0251.asp |url-status=live |type=comic book |location=[[Chino, California]] |publisher=[[Chick Publications]] |isbn=9780937958087 |oclc=13016191 |access-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406051006/http://www.chick.com/catalog/comics/0251.asp |archive-date=6 April 2013}}</ref> Chick strongly relied on Chiniquy's claims and books for writing his own [[Anti-Catholicism|anti-Catholic]] tracts.

==St. Anne Colony==
Chiniquy, then a Catholic priest, left Canada in the wake of a series of scandals. He was offered a fresh start by [[James Oliver Van de Velde]], [[Archdiocese of Chicago|Bishop of Chicago]], after [[Ignace Bourget]], [[Archdiocese of Montreal|Bishop of Montreal]], asked him to leave in 1851. Chiniquy founded and settled in [[St. Anne, Illinois|St. Anne Colony]], a [[Village (Illinois)|village]] located in [[Kankakee County, Illinois|Kankakee County]], [[Illinois]] in 1851.<ref name="Roby2000"/> Chiniquy was suspended on 19 August 1856, for public insubordination by Bishop [[Anthony O'Regan]], Van de Velde's successor in Chicago. Because he continued to celebrate Mass and administer the other sacraments, he was [[Excommunication (Catholic Church)|excommunicated]] on 3 September 1856.<ref name="CBC Radio-Canada"/> About two years later, on 3 August 1858, O'Regan's successor, Bishop [[James Duggan]], formally and publicly reconfirmed Chiniquy's excommunication in St. Anne.<ref>[https://www.catholicbridge.com/catholic/chiniquy2.ph Smith, Sydney F. Rev. S.J., "Pastor Chiniquy...", Catholic Truth Society, London, 1908 ] p</ref>

Chiniquy had definitively left the Catholic Church in 1858,<ref name=serup/> and subsequently [[Conversion to Christianity#Protestantism|converted]] to [[Protestant Christianity]] in 1860.<ref name="CBC Radio-Canada"/> Along with many followers, he joined the [[Presbyterian Church in the United States of America]] (PCUSA). He was admitted as a [[Presbyterian polity|Presbyterian minister]] on 1 February 1860.<ref name="McDougall2000">{{cite encyclopedia|location=Ottawa|publisher=National Archives of Canada and National Library of Canada|encyclopedia=[[Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online]]|issn=1709-6812|oclc=463897210|year=2000|editor-last=English|editor-first=John|title=Kemp, Alexander Ferrie|last=McDougall|first=Elizabeth Ann Kerr|url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=5621|access-date=27 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005234021/http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=5621|archive-date=5 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Within two years, Chiniquy, in trouble with the Presbytery of Chicago over his administration of charity funds and a college, according to Elizabeth Ann Kerr McDougall in the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography'', sought a new connection in order to avoid an expensive presbytery trial.<ref name="Roby2000"/> The college is identified in the ''Seventh Biennial Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Illinois'' as Saviour's College, founded in 1860; it is listed neither in ''Universities and Colleges'' nor ''Academies and Seminaries of various grades and courses,'' but in the ''Theological Seminaries and Church Schools'' class of institutions. The report states it "is designed to supply the educational wants of the colony brought by Father Chiniquy from Canada to this State, and to prepare men who will be fitted to preach the gospel in the regions whence he came." The report also quotes a description of the school, attributed to correspondence from a Montreal newspaper, unnamed in the report, that people, also unnamed in the report, "examined the [[day school]] or college, as the people there delight to call it" and wrote that it had five classes, ranging from students learning the [[alphabet]] to students learning the "intricacies of [[French grammar|French]] and [[English grammar]], [[composition (language)|composition]], and the other studies of the school, besides the elements of [[Algebra]], [[Latin]], and [[Greek language|Greek]]."<ref>{{cite book|location=Springfield|publisher=Illinois Journal Printing Office|title=Reports made to the General Assembly of Illinois, at its twenty-sixth session, convened 4 January 1869|year=1869|volume=2|chapter=Seventh Biennial Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Illinois. 1867–1868|pages=vi–vii, 212–214, 311–312 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7dMRAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA311}}</ref>

Alexander F. Kemp was chairman of the Synod of the Canada Presbyterian Church committee that examined Chiniquy's application for admission as a minister.<ref name="McDougall2000"/> According to Kemp, Chiniquy was involved in both presbytery and civil court proceedings connected with the administration of charitable funds and with what Kemp described as an educational institute. The Presbytery of Chicago charged him with un-ministerial and un-Christian conduct; Chiniquy was expected to answer these charges before the presbytery. At that stage of the proceedings, he and his congregation resolved to separate from the Presbytery of Chicago and the [[Old School–New School Controversy|Old School]] (PCUSA), and to request recognition from the Canada Presbyterian Church.<ref name="Kemp1863">{{cite book|location=[s.l.]|publisher=[s.n.]|last=Kemp|first=Alexander F|title=The Rev. C. Chiniquy, the Presbytery of Chicago and the Canada Presbyterian Church|year=1863|type=pamphlet|oclc=63010403|url=https://archive.org/download/cihm_63158/cihm_63158.pdf|access-date=27 April 2013|archive-url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_63158|archive-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live}} Reprinted from the ''Canada Observer.''</ref> The Presbytery of Chicago charged Chiniquy with misrepresenting that a real college was in operation in St. Anne.<ref name="Kemp1863" />{{rp|pages=8–9}} After conducting an inquiry, Kemp suggested that Chiniquy and his congregation be admitted into the Canada Presbyterian Church.<ref name="McDougall2000"/>

In St. Anne, a religious society was incorporated in the state that was named the "Christian Catholic Church at St. Anne". It was classified as a Protestant religious association.<ref>{{cite court|litigants=Chiniquy v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago|vol=41|reporter=Ill|pinpoint=148|date=1866
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KkQLAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Christian%20Catholic%20Church%22&pg=PA151|quote=It was stipulated on the trial of the issues, that there was at St. Anne, an incorporation of a religious society, by the name of the Christian Catholic Church at St. Anne, incorporated under the general law of this State.}}</ref> Two years later, when it joined the PCUSA in 1860, it took the name of "First Presbyterian Church of St. Anne".<ref>Caroline B. Brettell, "From Catholics to Presbyterians: French-Canadian Immigrants to Central Illinois," ''American Presbyterians'' 63.3 (Fall 1985): 285-298.</ref>

== Archives ==
There is a Charles Chiniquy [[fonds]] at [[Library and Archives Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=25 November 2016|title=Fonds Charles Chiniquy description at Library and Archives Canada|url=http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=99476&lang=eng|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=November 10, 2022|website=}}</ref> The archival reference number is R7160.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book
|title=My Country: The Remarkable Past
|url=https://archive.org/details/mycountryremarka0000bert_h1e7
|url-access=registration
|first=Pierre |last=Berton
|date=1976
|publisher=McClelland & Stewart
|isbn=9780771013935
}}
* Caroline B. Brettell, ''Following Father Chiniquy: Immigration, Religious Schism, and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century Illinois'' (Southern Illinois University Press, 2015).
* Richard Lougheed, ''The Controversial Conversion of Charles Chiniquy'', Toronto, Clements Academic, 2009.
* Richard Lougheed, ''Charles Chiniquy : l'homme de controverse'', Toronto, Clements Academic, 2015.{{in lang|fr}}
* Serup Paul, ''Who Killed Abraham Lincoln?'', Prince George, Salmova Press, 2010. 
* Marcel Trudel, ''Chiniquy'', Trois-Rivieres, Editions du Bien Public, 1955.

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.chiniquy.ca/ Chiniquy's personal archive]
* [http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=6029 Chiniquy, Charles (1809-1899) - OMI]
* https://www.omiworld.org/lemma/chiniquy-charles-1809-1899/
* {{Gutenberg author | id=9093| name=Charles Paschal Telesphore Chiniquy}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Charles Chiniquy}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiniquy, Charles}}
[[Category:1809 births]]
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[[Category:19th-century Canadian non-fiction writers]]
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[[Category:19th-century Canadian Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Abraham Lincoln]]
[[Category:American Calvinist and Reformed ministers]]
[[Category:American evangelicals]]
[[Category:American people of French-Canadian descent]]
[[Category:American Presbyterian ministers]]
[[Category:American temperance activists]]
[[Category:Anti-Catholic activists]]
[[Category:Anti-Catholicism in the United States]]
[[Category:Canadian Calvinist and Reformed ministers]]
[[Category:Canadian conspiracy theorists]]
[[Category:Canadian evangelicals]]
[[Category:Canadian Presbyterian ministers]]
[[Category:Canadian temperance activists]]
[[Category:Christian conspiracy theorists]]
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[[Category:Converts to Calvinism from Roman Catholicism]]
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[[Category:French Calvinist and Reformed ministers]]
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[[Category:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church]]
[[Category:People from Bas-Saint-Laurent]]
[[Category:Emigrants from pre-Confederation Quebec to the United States]]
[[Category:Pre-Confederation Quebec people]]
[[Category:Pseudohistorians]]
[[Category:American conspiracy theorists]]
[[Category:Burials at Mount Royal Cemetery]]