View source for Chazuke

{{Short description|Japanese dish}}
{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Japanese words and phrases]]}}
{{Infobox food
| name             = ''Chazuke''
| image            = File:Una chazuke by Kossy@FINEDAYS in Akabane.jpg
| image_size       = 300px
| caption          = ''Chazuke'' topped with [[unagi]], [[nori]] and [[Cryptotaenia japonica|mitsuba]]
| alternate_name   = ''ochazuke'', ''cha-cha gohan'', ''bubuzuke''
| country          = [[Japan]]
| region           = 
| creator          =
| course           = 
| served           =
| main_ingredient  = [[rice]], [[green tea]] or [[dashi]]
| variations       = instant ochazuke
| calories         =
| other            =
}}

'''''Chazuke''''' ([[wiktionary:茶漬け|茶漬け]], ちゃづけ) or '''''ochazuke''''' ([[wiktionary:お|お]][[wiktionary:茶|茶]][[wiktionary:漬|漬]][[wiktionary:け|け]], from ([[Honorific speech in Japanese#Honorific prefixes|o]])''cha'' '[[tea]]' + ''tsuke'' 'submerge') is a simple [[Japan]]ese dish made by pouring [[green tea]],<ref name=SOR>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_0PQHTgRVCEC&pg=PA213 Seductions of Rice – Jeffrey Alford, Naomi Duguid<!-- Bot generated title -->]. p. 213.</ref> [[dashi]], or hot water over cooked [[rice]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OT8OSoiYyagC&pg=PA104 Dining Guide to Japan: Find the Right Restaurant, Order the Right Dish, and Pay the Right Price – Boye Lafayette De Mente<!-- Bot generated title -->]. pp. 104–105.</ref> Common toppings include ''[[tsukemono]]'' (pickled vegetables), ''[[umeboshi]]'' (pickled [[ume]]), [[nori]] (seaweed), ''[[furikake]]'', [[sesame]] seeds and ''[[Tarako (food)|tarako]]'' (salted and marinated [[pollock]] [[roe]]), salted [[salmon]], ''[[shiokara]]'' (pickled seafood), [[scallion]]s, and [[wasabi]].<ref name="SOR" />

''Chazuke'' provides a way to use [[leftover]] rice as a quick snack because it is easy to make.  In [[Kyoto]], ''ochazuke'' is known as '''''bubuzuke'''.''<ref name="KyotoMachiyaInn2016">{{cite web|title=Travel Info Bubuzuke|url=http://www.kyoto-machiya-inn.com/travel-info/bubu-zuke/|website=Machiya Residence Inn Kyoto|access-date=11 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708002034/http://www.kyoto-machiya-inn.com/travel-info/bubu-zuke/|archive-date=8 July 2015|date=2016}}</ref> Since the 1970s, packaged "instant ochazuke", consisting of [[Freeze-drying|freeze-dried]] toppings and seasonings, has become popular.

== History ==
[[File:福井の へしこ 茶漬け HESHIKO CHAZUKE in Fukui.jpg|thumb|left|''Chazuke'' with teapot and garnishes]]
This dish first became popular in the [[Heian period]] of Japan, when water was most commonly poured over rice,<ref>[[Tale of Genji]] 21, 27, 47, 51, 54; [[Pillow Book]] 186: "If a man that's so drunk can't help staying overnight with me, I won't serve him even a hot water rice."</ref> but beginning in the [[Edo period]], tea was often used instead.<ref>[http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1444386/75 Morisada Mankoh (Ch.4)] attributes the origin of tea-rice to [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]] during [[Meireki]] years, which became popular in [[Kansai area]] during [[Genroku]].</ref><ref name="JapanMarche2015">{{cite web|title=OCHAZUKE|url=http://japan-marche.jp/ochazuke.html|website=Japan-Marche.jp|access-date=11 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926112548/http://japan-marche.jp/ochazuke.html|archive-date=26 September 2015|date=26 September 2015}}</ref>

It is said that the direct ancestor of today's chazuke is a method of eating that was adopted by servants (apprentices) who were employed by merchants at that time so that they could finish their meal very quickly during their work. At that time, the servants spent most of their day working, and their meal times were controlled by their superiors, so this form of eating naturally arose. Pickles were almost the only side dish that the apprentices were allowed to eat freely in the simple meals, and they were often piled up in huge bowls. It is speculated that this was also closely related to the establishment of the food form of chazuke. Since there was still no technology to keep cooked rice warm as it is today, chazuke was a convenient way to enjoy cold rice and to finish a meal quickly. It was very useful and popular.

[[File:Ume chazuke, at a Japanese-style Pub in Kakegawa, Shizuoka, Japan(2017-02-11).jpg|thumb|''Chazuke'' with [[umeboshi]] (salted plum)]]
The beginning of chazuke is said to be after the middle of the Edo period, when [[bancha]] and [[green tea]] became popular and tea became established as a luxury item of the common people. The umami flavor from glutamate in sencha combined with the unique aroma of sencha tea, can be more delicious than white rice sprinkled with hot water. However, among the common people, it was common to put bancha on.

In addition, from the [[Genroku period]], "chazukeya" appeared as restaurants serving chazuke, and were widely popular as fast food for the common people. In the Edo Famous Places Picture Society, published in the late Edo period, "SignboardChazuke can be seen as "Edo Masu" and "Edo Masu, which is also served by customers", and in Edo, "88" with 64 sentences is written on the sign of the chazuke shop, and it can be seen that it was prosperous as it was commonly called 88 chazuke. However, the chazuke [[restaurant]] was positioned as a place to have a simple meal, and not only chazuke was served. Among the photographs of the early opening of Japan (late Edo period) on permanent display at the Yokohama Museum of Art, Mishima-juku records the crowding of chazuke shops on the highway. The clerks, customers, and passers-by of the tea shop in this photo are all looking at the camera with surprised faces. This was during the [[Ansei]] years before the [[Meiji Restoration]], shortly after the opening of the country, and it must have been very rare for foreign photographers with large photographic machines. However, from the impression that it stopped at this time, you can also see the appearance of the chazuke shop at that time, such as the way customers sit at the eaves of the chazuke shop and glance at us, the landlady stopping with a tray, and various notations such as "chazukeya" and "chazuke" depending on the shop.

<gallery widths="150px" heights="150px" mode="packed">
File:Shigure Chazuke.jpg|''Chazuke'' with [[nori]] and [[hamaguri]] clams
File:Kyoto style chazuke by udono.jpg|''Chazuke'' with mushrooms
File:Natto Chazuke.jpg|''Chazuke'' with [[nattō]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Lei cha]]: a similar dish in [[Hakka cuisine]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Chazuke}}
{{Rice dishes}}

[[Category:Japanese rice dishes]]
[[Category:Tea dishes]]