View source for Chengde

{{Short description|Prefecture-level city in Hebei, China}}
{{Distinguish|Changde|Chengdu}}
{{redirect|Rehe}}
{{Other uses|Chengde (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|name                       = Chengde
|native_name                = 承德市
|native_name_lang           = zh
|official_name              = 
|other_name                 = Chengte, Jehol
|settlement_type            = [[Prefecture-level city]]
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
|image_skyline              = {{Photomontage
| photo1a      = Phillipvn2.jpg
| photo1b      = Imperial Summer Resort 避暑山庄 (28863805406).jpg
| photo2a      = Chengde_2018.jpg
| photo3a      = Sledgehammerpeak.JPG
| photo3b      = Chengde_view_from_mountain_top.jpg
| color_border = white
| spacing      = 2
| color        = white
| size         = 280
| foot_montage = }}
|image_caption              = Clockwise from top: [[Jinshanling]], [[Chengde Mountain Resort|Mountain Resort]], Skyline of Chengde, [[Putuo Zongcheng Temple]], Sledgehammer Peak
|image_seal                 = 
|image_map                  = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=6}}
|image_map1                 = Location of Chengde Prefecture within Hebei (China).png
|mapsize1                   = 250px
|map_caption1               = Location of Chengde City jurisdiction in Hebei
<!-- Location ------------------>
|pushpin_map                = China Hebei#China Northern Plain#China
|pushpin_label_position     = 
|pushpin_mapsize            = 225
|pushpin_map_caption        = Location of the city centre in Hebei
|subdivision_type           = Country
|seat_type                  = Municipal seat
|seat                       = [[Shuangqiao District, Chengde|Shuangqiao District]]
|subdivision_name           = [[China|People's Republic of China]]
|subdivision_type1          = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
|subdivision_name1          = [[Hebei]]
|subdivision_type2          = 
|subdivision_name2          = 
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_type            = 
|leader_title               = 
|leader_name                = 
|established_title          = Settled
|established_date           = 1681
|established_title2         = Established
|established_date2          = November 15, 1983
<!-- Area    --------------------->
|area_footnotes             = 
|area_total_km2             = 39519
|area_blank1_title          = [[District (China)|Districts]]<ref name="CUCSY_2017"/>
|area_blank1_km2            = 1252.7
|area_urban_km2             = 724.03
|area_urban_footnotes       = <ref name="CUCSY_2017">{{cite book |editor1=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |editor-link=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017 |date=2019 |publisher=China Statistics Press |location=Beijing |page=46 |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=18 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618043019/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of           = 2020
|population_footnotes       = 
|population_note            = 
|population_total           = 3473200
|population_density_km2     = 91
|population_blank1_title    = Districts<ref name="CUCSY_2017"/>
|population_blank1          = 642000
|population_urban           = 920,395
|population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="CUCSY_2017"/>
|population_density_urban_km2 = auto
|demographics_type2         = GDP<ref>{{cite book|author=河北省统计局、国家统计局河北调查总队|title=《河北经济年鉴－2018》|date=2016 |publisher=[[China Statistics Press]]|isbn=978-7-5356-7824-9|url=http://tjj.hebei.gov.cn/res/nj2018/zk/indexch.htm|access-date=2019-07-11|archive-date=2020-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326180137/http://tjj.hebei.gov.cn/res/nj2018/zk/indexch.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|demographics2_title1       = [[Prefecture-level city]]
|demographics2_info1        = [[CN¥]] 135.9 billion<br />[[US$]] 21.8 billion
|demographics2_title2       = Per capita
|demographics2_info2        = CN¥ 38,506<br />US$6,182
<!-- General information  --------------->
|coordinates                = {{coord|40.953|N|117.963|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-13_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
|coor_pinpoint              = Chengde municipal government
|elevation_m                = 327
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type           = 
|postal_code                = 
|area_code                  = 314
|iso_code                   = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-HE-08]]
|website                    = http://www.chengde.gov.cn
|footnotes                  = {{center|'''City tree'''<br>[[Styphnolobium|Pagoda Tree]]}}
{{center|'''City flower'''<br/>[[Rosa rugosa|Rugosa Rose]]}}
|blank_name                 = [[Vehicle registration plates of the People's Republic of China|License Plate Prefix]]
|blank_info                 = {{lang|zh-cn|冀H}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
 |c={{linktext|lang=zh|承德}}
 |l=Upholding{{nbsp}}[[De (Chinese)|Virtue]]<br/>Receiving{{nbsp}}Virtue <!--NOT 'transmit'-->
 |p=Chéngdé
 |w=Ch‘êng-tê
 |psp=Chengte
 |mon=Халуун гол
 |mong=ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ
 |monr=Khaluun Gol
 |mnc=᠊ᡵᡩᡝᠮᡠ ᠪᡝ ᠠᠯᡳᡥᠠ
 |mnc_a=Erdemu Be Aliha
 |altname=Rehe
 |l2=Hot{{nbsp}}River
 |t2={{linktext|熱河}}({{linktext|兒}})
 |s2={{linktext|热河}}({{linktext|儿}})
 |p2=Rèhé('ér)
 |w2=Jê-ho(-êrh)
 |psp2=Jehol
}}

'''Chengde''',<!--Chinese in infoboxes per WP:MOS-ZH--> formerly known as '''Jehol''' and '''Rehe''', is a [[prefecture-level city]] in [[Hebei]] province, situated about {{convert|225|km}} northeast of [[Beijing]]. It is best known as the site of the [[Chengde Mountain Resort|Mountain Resort]], a vast imperial garden and palace formerly used by the Qing emperors as summer residence.<ref>Hedin (1933), pp. 1, 14.</ref> Its local dialect is also known for being the closest to [[Standard Chinese]], which took several inspirations from the Chengde dialect.<ref>{{cite web |title=涨知识 {{!}} 你学的普通话其实是这个小县城的“方言”|url=http://m.news.cctv.com/2016/10/23/ARTITroy3UtKKW0VOGQxhZY5161023.shtml |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=CCTV |publisher=CCTV News}}</ref> The permanent resident population is approximately 3,473,200 in 2017.

==History==
[[File:Wallpaper2.jpg|thumb|left|The touring Chengde.]]
In 1703, Chengde was made the summer residence of the Qing regime. Constructed throughout the eighteenth century, the [[Chengde Mountain Resort|Mountain Resort]] was used by the later rulers. The site is currently an [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]. Since the seat of government followed the rulers, Chengde was a political center of the Chinese empire during these times.

The city of Jehol{{mdash}}an early romanization of Rehe via the French transcription of the northern suffix ''ér'' as ''eul''{{sfnp|Forêt|2000|p=xiv}}{{mdash}}reached its height under the in the late 1700s. The great [[Putuo Zongcheng Temple]], loosely based on the [[Potala]] in Lhasa, was completed after just four years of work in 1771. It was heavily decorated with gold and the emperor worshipped in the Golden Pavilion. In the temple itself was a bronze-gilt statue of [[Tsongkhapa]], the Reformer of the [[Gelugpa]] sect.

Under the early Beiyang Republic of China, Chengde was the capital of [[Rehe Province]]. From 1933 to 1945 the city was under Japanese occupation as a part of the Manchurian puppet state. After the Sino-American defeat of the Japanese, the victorious Kuomintang government regained jurisdiction. In 1948, the [[People's Liberation Army]] took control of Chengde. It would remain a part of Rehe until 1955, when the province was abolished, and the city was incorporated into [[Hebei]].

==Geography==
[[File:Chengdeview3.JPG|thumb|left|View of Chengde from the Mountain Resort.]]
Chengde is located in the northeastern portion of Hebei, with latitude 40° 12'－42° 37' N, and longitude 115° 54'－119° 15' E, and contains the northernmost point in the province. It borders [[Inner Mongolia]], [[Liaoning]], [[Beijing]], and [[Tianjin]]. Neighbouring prefecture-level provincial cities are [[Qinhuangdao]] and [[Tangshan]] on the [[Bohai Sea|Bohai Gulf]], and land-locked [[Zhangjiakou]]. Due to its Liaoning border, it is often considered a part of both the [[North China|North]] and [[Northeast China]] regions. From north to south the prefecture stretches {{convert|269|km}}, and from west to east {{convert|280|km|0}}, for a total area of {{convert|39702.4|sqkm}}, thus occupying 21.2% of the total provincial area. It is by area the largest prefecture in the province, though as most of its terrain is mountainous, its population density is low.

The Jehol or Rehe ("Hot River"), which gave Chengde its former name, was so named because it did not freeze in winter. Most sections of the river's former course are now dry because of modern [[dam]]s.

===Climate===
Chengde has a four-season, [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dwa''), with widely varying conditions through the prefecture due to its size: winters are moderately long, cold and windy, but dry, and summers are hot and humid. Near the city, however, temperatures are much cooler than they are in Beijing, due to the higher elevation: the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−9.3|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|24.2|°C|1}} in July, and the annual mean is {{convert|8.93|°C|1}}. Spring warming is rapid, but dust storms can blow in from the [[Mongolian steppe]]; autumn cooling is similarly quick. Precipitation averages at about {{convert|504|mm|in|1}} for the year, with more than two-thirds of it falling during the three summer months. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 50% in July to 69% in October, the city receives 2,746 hours of sunshine annually.

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Chengde, elevation {{convert|422|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| collapsed = Y
| Jan high C = -1.4
| Feb high C = 3.4
| Mar high C = 11.1
| Apr high C = 19.6
| May high C = 26.0
| Jun high C = 29.4
| Jul high C = 30.7
| Aug high C = 29.5
| Sep high C = 24.9
| Oct high C = 17.3
| Nov high C = 7.2
| Dec high C = -0.5
| Jan mean C = -8.8
| Feb mean C = -4.4
| Mar mean C = 3.3
| Apr mean C = 11.8
| May mean C = 18.2
| Jun mean C = 22.1
| Jul mean C = 24.3
| Aug mean C = 22.9
| Sep mean C = 17.1
| Oct mean C = 9.3
| Nov mean C = 0.0
| Dec mean C = -7.5
| Jan low C = -14.4
| Feb low C = -10.6
| Mar low C = -3.5
| Apr low C = 4.3
| May low C = 10.7
| Jun low C = 15.9
| Jul low C = 19.3
| Aug low C = 17.7
| Sep low C = 11.1
| Oct low C = 3.1
| Nov low C = -5.4
| Dec low C = -12.6
| Jan record high C = 8.8
| Jan record low C = -27.2
| Feb record high C = 20.7
| Feb record low C = -23.7
| Mar record high C = 28.4
| Mar record low C = -20.0
| Apr record high C = 34.3
| Apr record low C = -8.7
| May record high C = 39.3
| May record low C = -0.2
| Jun record high C = 41.3
| Jun record low C = 7.2
| Jul record high C = 43.3
| Jul record low C = 12.5
| Aug record high C = 38.9
| Aug record low C = 6.4
| Sep record high C = 35.4
| Sep record low C = -0.1
| Oct record high C = 32.8
| Oct record low C = -10.6
| Nov record high C = 22.3
| Nov record low C = -18.8
| Dec record high C = 12.3
| Dec record low C = -24.7
| year high C = 
| year low C = 
| year high F = 
| year low F = 
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 1.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 3.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 7.9
| Apr precipitation mm = 22.7
| May precipitation mm = 49.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 95.7
| Jul precipitation mm = 141.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 101.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 49.4
| Oct precipitation mm = 30.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 10.4
| Dec precipitation mm = 2.0
| Jan humidity = 52
| Feb humidity = 46
| Mar humidity = 41
| Apr humidity = 40
| May humidity = 47
| Jun humidity = 62
| Jul humidity = 73
| Aug humidity = 74
| Sep humidity = 70
| Oct humidity = 61
| Nov humidity = 58
| Dec humidity = 55
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 1.4
| Feb precipitation days = 1.9
| Mar precipitation days = 3.1
| Apr precipitation days = 4.8
| May precipitation days = 7.5
| Jun precipitation days = 12.0
| Jul precipitation days = 13.3
| Aug precipitation days = 10.7
| Sep precipitation days = 7.7
| Oct precipitation days = 5.1
| Nov precipitation days = 3.1
| Dec precipitation days = 1.6
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 196.2
| Feb sun = 198.6
| Mar sun = 234.9
| Apr sun = 243.2
| May sun = 265.2
| Jun sun = 221.3
| Jul sun = 197.0
| Aug sun = 212.3
| Sep sun = 217.2
| Oct sun = 215.2
| Nov sun = 182.1
| Dec sun = 182.0
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 66
| Feb percentsun = 66
| Mar percentsun = 63
| Apr percentsun = 61
| May percentsun = 59
| Jun percentsun = 49
| Jul percentsun = 43
| Aug percentsun = 50
| Sep percentsun = 59
| Oct percentsun = 63
| Nov percentsun = 62
| Dec percentsun = 64
| year percentsun = 
| Jan snow days = 2.7
| Feb snow days = 2.7
| Mar snow days = 2.7
| Apr snow days = 0.8
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0.4
| Nov snow days = 2.6
| Dec snow days = 2.5
| year snow days = 
| source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=25 August 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =25 August 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref><ref name="CMA old">
{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 
}}</ref> all-time extreme temperature<ref name = Mherrera>{{cite web
|url= http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm
|title= Extreme Temperatures Around the World
|access-date= 2024-09-22
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.roostweather.com/worldclimate/graphs.php?code=CHM00054423
|title=Chengde Climate: 1991–2020
|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather
|access-date=8 July 2025
}}</ref>
| date = August 2010
| source = 
}}

===Administrative divisions===
[[File:Txu-oclc-6614368-nk50-11.jpg|thumb|Map including Chengde (labeled as {{lang|zh|承德}} Ch'eng-te (Jehol)) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1958)]]
Chengde comprises:

{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size:90%;" align=center
!colspan="7" align="center" | Map
|-
|colspan="7" align="center" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Chengde.png|width=600|link=}} 
{{Image label|x=1340|y=1470|scale=600/2210|text=[[Shuangqiao District, Chengde|{{small|'''Shuangqiao'''}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=1270|y=1290|scale=600/2210|text={{Vertical text|[[Shuangluan District|{{small|'''Shuangluan'''}}]]}}}}
{{Image label|x=1140|y=1800|scale=600/2210|text=[[Yingshouyingzi Mining District|'''{{small|Yingshouyingzi}}''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1450|y=1360|scale=600/2210|text=[[Chengde County|'''Chengde<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1170|y=1900|scale=600/2210|text=[[Xinglong County|'''Xinglong<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=920|y=1490|scale=600/2210|text=[[Luanping County|'''Luanping<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1070|y=980|scale=600/2210|text=[[Longhua County|'''Longhua<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=380|y=1030|scale=600/2210|text=[[Fengning Manchu Autonomous County|'''Fengning<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1710|y=1750|scale=600/2210|text=[[Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County|'''Kuancheng<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=920|y=400|scale=600/2210|text=[[Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County|'''Weichang<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1760|y=1370|scale=600/2210|text=[[Pingquan|'''Pingquan<br/>{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
! Name
! [[Hanzi]]
! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]
! Population<br/>(2004 est.)
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Density (/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|[[Shuangqiao District, Chengde|Shuangqiao District]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|双桥区}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Shuāngqiáo Qū}}
|290,000
|311
|932
|-
|[[Shuangluan District]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|双滦区}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Shuāngluán Qū}}
|100,000
|250
|400
|-
|[[Yingshouyingzikuang District|Yingshouyingzi Mining District]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|鹰手营子<br/>矿区}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Yīngshǒuyíngzi<br/>Kuàngqū}}
|70,000
|148
|473
|-
|[[Pingquan]] City
|{{lang|zh-Hans|平泉市}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Píngquán Shì}}
|470,000
|3,297
|143
|-
|[[Chengde County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|承德县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Chéngdé Xiàn}}
|470,000
|3,990
|118
|-
|[[Xinglong County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|兴隆县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Xīnglóng Xiàn}}
|320,000
|3,116
|103

|-
|[[Luanping County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|滦平县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Luánpíng Xiàn}}
|320,000
|3,195
|100
|-
|[[Longhua County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|隆化县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Lónghuà Xiàn}}
|420,000
|5,474
|77
|-
|[[Fengning Manchu Autonomous County|Fengning Manchu]]<br/>[[Fengning Manchu Autonomous County|Autonomous County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|丰宁满族<br/>自治县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Fēngníng Mǎnzú<br/>Zìzhìxiàn}}
|380,000
|8,747
|43
|-
|[[Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County|Kuancheng Manchu]]<br/>[[Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County|Autonomous County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|宽城满族<br/>自治县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Kuānchéng Mǎnzú<br/>Zìzhìxiàn}}
|230,000
|1,933
|119
|-
|[[Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County|Weichang Manchu and]]<br/>[[Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County|Mongol Autonomous County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|围场满族<br/>蒙古族自治县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Wéichǎng Mǎnzú<br/>Měnggǔzú Zìzhìxiàn}}
|520,000
|9,058
|57
|}

==Sport==
The first ever [[bandy]] match in China was organised in Chengde in January 2015 and was played between the Russian and Swedish top clubs [[Baykal-Energiya]] and [[Sandvikens AIK|Sandviken]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.baikal-energy.ru/wp-content/gallery/raznoe-2015/IMG_5177.jpg |title=Picture of the teams from the homepage of Baykal-Energiya |access-date=2016-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611130032/http://www.baikal-energy.ru/wp-content/gallery/raznoe-2015/IMG_5177.jpg |archive-date=2016-06-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Chengde city was one of the initiators when the [[China Bandy Federation]] was founded in December 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinabandy.org/|title=China Bandy Federation: China National Bandy Team|publisher=chinabandy.org|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225611/http://www.chinabandy.org/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref> The city hosted the [[2018 Women's Bandy World Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1046600/womens-world-bandy-championship-awarded-to-china|title=Women's World Bandy Championship awarded to China|date=February 3, 2017|website=www.insidethegames.biz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.svenskbandy.se/NYHETER/SENASTENYTT/rapportfraninternationellaforbundetskongress|title=Rapport från internationella förbundets kongress|website=Svenska Bandyförbundet |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hrbipe.edu.cn/html/JSXL/YXYDY/show-21181.html |script-title=zh:哈尔滨体育学院女子班迪球队赴美参加世界A组锦标赛 - 竞训新闻 - 哈尔滨体育学院 |publisher=[[Harbin Sport University]] |language=zh-cn |access-date=2017-01-21 |archive-date=2017-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906133904/http://www.hrbipe.edu.cn/html/JSXL/YXYDY/show-21181.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the record number of participants in previous [[Women's Bandy World Championship]]s was 7, the organisers had thought out measures with the goal to attract 12 participating countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rusbandy.ru/news/11021 |script-title=ru:Женский ЧМ — в парке Императорской резиденции - Архив новостей - Федерация хоккея с мячом России|website=rusbandy.ru |language=ru}}</ref> However, in the end 8 teams participated.

==Religion==
Chengde is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church in China|Catholic]] [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Chengde|Diocese of Chengde]].

==Transport==
[[File:Chengdenan Railway Station (20240325132845).jpg|thumb|[[Chengde South railway station]] on the [[Beijing–Harbin high-speed railway]]]]
With road and [[Beijing–Chengde Railway|railroad]] links to [[Beijing]], Chengde has developed into a distribution hub, and its economy is growing rapidly. The newly built [[Jingcheng Expressway]] connects Chengde directly to central Beijing, and more freeways are planned for the city. The city's new [[Chengde Puning Airport|airport]] was opened on 31 May 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://he.xinhuanet.com/sToutiao/20170601/3718039_c.html |script-title=zh:河北承德普宁机场正式通航 |language=zh |agency=Xinhua |date=1 June 2017 |access-date=13 August 2017 |archive-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927164312/http://he.xinhuanet.com/sToutiao/20170601/3718039_c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is located {{convert|19.5|km}} northeast of the city center in Tougou Town, [[Chengde County]].

The [[Beijing–Harbin high-speed railway]], completed in January 2021, has 5 stations within Chengde.

==Sights==
[[File:Chengde 1875-1890.jpg|[[Qing dynasty]] map of [[Chengde Mountain Resort]].|thumb|left|400px]]
[[File:Putuo Zongcheng Temple.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Putuo Zongcheng Temple]] complex, completed in 1771 during the reign of the [[Qianlong Emperor]].]]

The project of building Chengde Mountain Resort started in 1703 and finished in 1790. The whole mountain resort covers an area 5,640,000 square meters. It is the largest royal garden in China. The wall of the mountain resort is over 10,000 meters in length. In summers, emperors of the Qing dynasty came to the mountain resort to relax themselves and escape from the high temperature in Beijing.

The whole Resort can be divided into three areas which are lakes area, plains area and hills area. The lakes area, which includes 8 lakes, covers an area of 496,000 square meters. The plains area covers an area of 607,000 square meters. The emperors held horse races and hunted in the area. The largest area of the three is the hills area. It covers an area of 4,435,000 square meters. Hundreds of palaces and temples were built on the hills in this area.

The elaborate [[Chengde Mountain Resort|Mountain Resort]] features large parks with lakes, [[pagoda]]s, and palaces ringed by a wall. Outside the wall are the Eight Outer Temples ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=外八庙}}), built in varying architectural styles drawn from throughout China. One of the best-known of these is the [[Putuo Zongcheng Temple]], built to resemble the [[Potala Palace]] in [[Lhasa]], [[Tibet]]. The resort and outlying temples were made a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 1994. The nearby [[Puning Temple (Hebei)|Puning Temple]], built in 1755, houses the world's tallest wooden statue of the [[Bodhisattva]] [[Avalokiteśvara]].

Another popular attraction of the Chengde area is Sledgehammer Peak ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=磬锤峰}}), a large rock formation in the shape of an inverted [[sledgehammer]]. A variety of other mountains, valleys, and grasslands lie within the borders of the city.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Chengde Mountain Resort 1.jpg| [[Chengde Mountain Resort|Mountain Resort]].
File:Shuang ta mountain, chengde.jpg | Double towers mountain in Chengde city.
File:须弥福寿之庙.JPG|[[Xumi Fushou Temple]]
File:Jinshangling2.jpg |[[Jinshanling]] is a section of the Great Wall of China located in the mountainous area in Luanping County, Chengde.
File:坝上 木兰围场 - panoramio - wuqiang beijing (11).jpg|Mùlán imperial hunting ground in Weichang County, northern Chengde.
File:坝上 木兰围场 - panoramio - wuqiang beijing (12).jpg|Mùlán imperial hunting ground.
</gallery>

==Sister cities==
Chengde has [[town twinning|city partnerships]] with the following locations:
*{{flagdeco|Brazil}} [[Santo André, São Paulo]], Brazil
*{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Takasaki, Gunma]], Japan
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Dakota County, Minnesota]], United States
*{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Kashiwa, Chiba]], Japan<ref name=International>{{cite web|url=http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=12&n=Chiba%20Prefecture|title=International Exchange|work=List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures|publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR)|language=en|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204202/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=12&n=Chiba%20Prefecture|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==

===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{citation |last=Forêt |first=Philippe  |title=Mapping Chengde: The Qing Landscape Enterprise |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAfF7d-7ysEC |date=2000 |publisher=University of Hawai`i Press |location=Honalulu |isbn=9780824822934 }}.
* {{citation |last=Hedin |first=Sven |date=1933 |title=Jehol: City of Emperors |journal=Nature |volume=131 |issue=3302 |page=184 |doi=10.1038/131184a0 |bibcode=1933Natur.131..184. |s2cid=27326056 }}.

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Chengde}}
{{Commons}}
*[http://www.chengde.gov.cn Chengde Government Online]

{{Chengde}}
{{Hebei topics}}
{{Hebei}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chengde| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Hebei]]
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Hebei]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 18th century]]
[[Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City]]