View source for Chiang Hsiao-yen

{{Short description|Taiwanese politician (born 1942)}}
{{distinguish|Chang Hsiao-yen}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Jiang (surname)|Chiang]]|lang=Chinese}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Chiang Hsiao-yen
| native_name         = {{nobold|蔣孝嚴}}
| native_name_lang    = zh-tw
| image               = Hsiao-yen MOFA portrait.png
| imagesize           = 
| alt                 = 
| caption             = Official portrait, 1985
| order1              = 
| office1             = [[Vice Chairman of the Kuomintang]]
| 1blankname1         = Chairman
| 1namedata1          = [[Wu Po-hsiung]]<br />[[Ma Ying-jeou]]
| term_start1         = 22 November 2008
| term_end1           = 30 April 2014<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/05/01/2003589312 |title=President designates trio to replace KMT vice chairmen |author=Hsu, Stacy |agency=CNA |date=1 May 2014 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=24 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224191312/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/05/01/2003589312 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| predecessor1        = 
| successor1          = <!--Taipei City North-->
| order2              = 
| office2             = Member of the [[Legislative Yuan]]
| term_start2         = 1 February 2002
| term_end2           = 31 January 2012
| predecessor2        = 
| successor2          = [[Lo Shu-lei]] {{small|(TPI 3rd)}}
| constituency2       = [[Taipei]]<br>[[Taipei 3rd district|Taipei 3rd]]

<!--Secretary General of KMT-->| order4              = 
| office4             = 12th [[Secretary-General of the Kuomintang]]
| term_start4         = 11 December 1997
| term_end4           = 18 November 1999
| 1blankname4         = Chairman
| 1namedata4          = [[Lee Teng-hui]]
| predecessor4        = [[Wu Po-hsiung]]
| successor4          = [[Huang Kun-huei]]

<!-- Secretary General of the President -->| order5              = 
| office5             = 16th [[Secretary-General to the President (Republic of China)|Secretary-General to the President]]
| term_start5         = 18 November 1999
| term_end5           = 22 December 1999<ref name=Hsu0207 />
| president5          = [[Lee Teng-hui]]
| predecessor5        = Huang Kun-huei
| successor5          = [[Ting Mao-shih]]
<!-- VPMROC -->| order6              = 
| office6             = 18th [[Vice Premier of the Republic of China]]
| term_start6         = 1 September 1997
| term_end6           = 11 December 1997
| primeminister6      = [[Vincent Siew]]
| predecessor6        = [[Hsu Li-teh]]
| successor6          = [[Liu Chao-shiuan]]
<!-- MOFAROC -->| order7              = 
| office7             = 12th [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)|Minister  of Foreign Affairs]]
| term_start7         = 10 June 1996
| term_end7           = 20 October 1997
| primeminister7      = [[Lien Chan]]<br>[[Vincent Siew]]
| predecessor7        = [[Fredrick Chien]]
| successor7          = [[Jason Hu]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1942|3|1|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Guilin]], [[Guangxi]], [[Nationalist government|Republic of China]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gleyy.com/newsview.asp?id=924 |title=桂林市第二人民医院——厚德 奉献 精诚 创新 |access-date=23 December 2019 |archive-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005120708/http://www.gleyy.com/newsview.asp?id=924 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| restingplace        = 
| restingplacecoordinates = 
| birth_name          = Chang Hsiao-yen
| party               = [[Kuomintang]]
| spouse              = [[Huang Mei-lun|Helen Huang]]
| father              = Disputed:<br>[[Chiang Ching-kuo]]<br>{{ill|Guo Libo|lt=|zh|郭礼伯}}<br>{{ill|Wang Jichun|lt=|zh|王继春}}<ref name=dis>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewslens.com/article/135864 |title=蔣經國日記否認孝嚴、孝慈是骨肉 2020-06-01 |date=June 2020 |accessdate=12 June 2020 |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612163917/https://www.thenewslens.com/article/135864 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| mother              = [[Chang Ya-juo]]
| children            = Chiang Hui-lan<br>Chiang Hui-yun<br>[[Chiang Wan-an]]
| residence           = 
| module              = 
| education           = [[Soochow University (Taiwan)|Soochow University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br/>[[Georgetown University]] ([[Master of Science|MS]])
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| t = 蔣孝嚴
| s = 蒋孝严
| w = Chiang³ Hsiao⁴-yen²
| p = Jiǎng Xiaòyán
| altname = Original Name
| t2 = 章孝嚴
| s2 = 章孝严
| w2 = Chang¹ Hsiao⁴-yen²
| p2 = Zhāng Xiaòyán
}}

'''Chiang Hsiao-yen''' ({{lang-zh|c=蔣孝嚴|w=Chiang3 Hsiao4-yen2<!--DO NOT REMOVE This information helps the reader understand the title of the article.-->|p=Jiǎng Xiàoyán}}; born 1 March 1942<ref>{{cite book |url=http://book.jrj.com.cn/book/book/detail_8751.shtml |script-title=zh:蒋家门外的孩子 |trans-title=The Chiang family's outside children |author1=蔣孝嚴 |author2=Chiang, John |publisher=天下遠見出版股份有限公司 |location=Taipei |isbn=9789864176816 |oclc=70663153 |date=2006 |accessdate=2 April 2015 |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114014951/http://book.jrj.com.cn/book/book/detail_8751.shtml |archive-date=14 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>), also known by his English name '''John Chiang''', formerly surnamed '''Chang''' ({{lang-zh|t=章 |p=Zhāng |labels=no}}), is a Taiwanese politician affiliated with the [[Kuomintang]]. He is the speculated illegitimate son of [[Chiang Ching-kuo]], former leader of the Republic of China, which would make him the grandson of [[Chiang Kai-shek]].<ref name="dis" />

== Early life and education ==
He and his identical twin brother, [[Winston Chang]], both illegitimate, are believed to have been born the sons of [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] and his mistress [[Chang Ya-juo]] at the Second People's Hospital of Guilian, a public hospital in [[Guilin]]. Since they were born out of wedlock, the twins took their mother's surname, Chang, though they were given the Chiang [[generation name]] ({{lang-zh|t=孝 |p=Xiào |w=Hsiaò |labels=no}}) shared by all the grandchildren of Chiang Kai-shek, including Chiang Ching-kuo's legitimate children.

Chang Ya-juo died when the brothers were one year old in August 1942, and they were raised by Chang Ya-juo's younger brother, Chang Hau-juo (章浩若) and his wife Chi Chen (紀琛). Their uncle and aunt were listed as their natural parents on official documents until December 2002, when the true parents were listed.<ref name=Hsu1202>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2002/12/14/0000187128 |title=John Chang gets new identity |author=Hsu, Crystal |date=14 December 2002 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=28 March 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403034640/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2002/12/14/0000187128 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chou Chin-hua (周錦華), the boys' maternal grandmother, and the 7-year-old brothers moved to Taiwan amid the [[Chinese Civil War]].<ref name=Hsu0207>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2002/07/14/0000148207 |title=John Chang fights for a name |author=Hsu, Crystal |date=14 July 2002 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403020930/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2002/07/14/0000148207 |url-status=live }}</ref> They were not informed that Chiang Ching-kuo was their father until they were in high school.<ref name=Hsu0207 /><ref name=DemickLAT03>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jun-20-fg-grandson20-story.html |title=A Scion's Story Full of Twists |author=Demick, Barbara |date=20 June 2003 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=28 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402205950/http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jun/20/world/fg-grandson20 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/11/international/asia/11FPRO.html |title=Taiwan Lawmaker's Skill May Be Hereditary |author=Bradsher, Keith |date=11 January 2003 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=28 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402212748/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/11/international/asia/11FPRO.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Chang brothers went to [[Soochow University (Taiwan)|Soochow University]] at the same time. John later obtained an M.S. from [[Georgetown University]].

With Helen H. Huang (黃美倫), he has two daughters, Hui-lan (惠蘭) and Hui-yun (惠筠), and a son, [[Chiang Wan-an|Wan-an]] (萬安). In March 2005, he officially changed his surname to "Chiang", saying, "The change represents a respect for history, a return to the facts, and a realization of my parents' wishes." He also announced that his children would follow suit.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/03/08/2003245367 |title=Chang has become Chiang |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=CNA |newspaper=Taipei Times |date=8 March 2005 |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403013654/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/03/08/2003245367 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Political career ==
Chiang began his career in the foreign service, serving in the ROC embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], from 1974 to 1977. In the 1980s, he held various administrative posts in the ROC Foreign Ministry specializing in North American Affairs. He was Administrative Vice Minister from 1986 to 1990, Director General, of the Overseas Affairs Department in 1990, and Political Vice Minister from 1990 to 1993. In 1993 he was appointed to the [[Executive Yuan|cabinet]]-level post of Chairman of the [[Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission]] and served as a member of the [[Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang|KMT Central Standing Committee]]. He was selected a member of the [[National Assembly of the Republic of China|National Assembly]] in 1996.

He was [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)|Foreign Minister]] from 1996 to 1997, vice premier in 1997, and Secretary-General of the [[President of the Republic of China|presidential office]] in 1999. He was speculated as a potential running mate for [[Lien Chan]] on the KMT ticket in the [[2000 Republic of China presidential election|2000 presidential elections]] until a sex scandal involving a mistress caused him to resign on 22 December 1999.<ref name=Hsu0207 /> His alleged mistress strenuously denied the allegations, filing suit against the newspaper which had named her.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/local/archives/2000/01/28/0000021769 |title=Chang's alleged mistress begins newspaper lawsuit |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=28 January 2000 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403034638/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/local/archives/2000/01/28/0000021769 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chang announced his candidacy for the December 2001 legislative elections in March 2001.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/local/archives/2001/03/28/0000079370 |title=John Chang returns to KMT politics |author=Hsu, Crystal |date=28 March 2001 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403011251/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/local/archives/2001/03/28/0000079370 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of his opponents in the December 2001 elections was his alleged 1999 mistress, but she received only a fraction of his eventual winning vote count.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/special/archives/2001/12/02/0000114119 |title=Celebrities are among election victors |author=Huang, Sandy |date=2 December 2001 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403015141/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/special/archives/2001/12/02/0000114119 |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2002 through 2012, he was a member of the [[Legislative Yuan]], first representing the constituency of [[Taipei City]] South from 2002 to 2005 and then representing Taipei City North from 2005 through 2012. He served as the Chairman of Interior Affairs Committee while in the legislature.

In January 2006, Chiang declared his candidacy as a KMT candidate for the [[Taipei Mayor]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2006/01/14/2003288949 |title=Legislator seeks to extend Chiang dynasty |author=Mo, Yan-chih |date=14 January 2006 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403014355/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2006/01/14/2003288949 |url-status=live }}</ref> but withdrew from the race in April, stating he did so for party solidarity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2006/04/27/2003304814 |title=Dictator's grandson drops out of Taipei mayoral race |author=Shih, Hsiu-chuan |date=27 April 2006 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403030430/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2006/04/27/2003304814 |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the end of March 2007, Chiang staged a rally at the [[Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall]] in support of his grandfather, late President [[Chiang Kai-shek]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2007/03/31/2003354665 |title=KMT ready to rally against anti-Chiang moves |author=Mo, Yan-chih |date=31 March 2007 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403005723/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2007/03/31/2003354665 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Memorial hall was later [[Renaming of Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall|renamed]], in a hotly controversial move, by the Executive Yuan, to the National Taiwan Democracy Memorial Hall, striking out the name of Chiang Kai-shek temporarily; the Memorial's name was restored on 21 August 2008.

In the [[2008 Republic of China legislative election]], John Chiang won re-election in his district of Taipei City North. In 2009, he met [[Kong Dongmei]], the granddaughter of Chinese leader [[Mao Zedong]], who was part of a delegation from China to promote cultural and educational ties between China and Taiwan. The meeting was then seen as a sign of the improvement of [[Cross-Strait relations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2009/11/18/2003458780|title=Mao descendant meets grandson of Chiang Kai-shek|date=17 November 2009|author=AFP|newspaper=Taipei Times|access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref>

In April 2011, Chiang lost a poll for the Kuomintang legislative candidacy to [[Lo Shu-lei]], a fellow Kuomintang legislator, in the Taipei Zhongshan-Songshan electoral district by a margin of 0.58 percent.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2011/04/25/2003501644 |title=KMT to investigate lawmaker tussle |author=Mo, Yan-chih |date=25 April 2011 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403013846/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2011/04/25/2003501644 |url-status=live }}</ref> The poll was made binding for the KMT nomination<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2011/04/26/2003501726 |title=KMT reprimands Lo Shu-lei for conduct in primary |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=CNA |date=26 April 2011 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403020637/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2011/04/26/2003501726 |url-status=live }}</ref> and Lo Shu-lei was later elected to the Legislative Yuan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/04/27/2003560841 |title=KMT addresses party loyalty after complaints |author=Mo, Yan-chih |date=27 April 2013 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403032435/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/04/27/2003560841 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2015, Chiang's son Wan-an announced his candidacy for the Legislative Yuan in the KMT primary for Taipei's Zhongshan-Songshan district, which put him against Lo Shu-lei and [[Wang Hung-wei]] for the KMT nomination.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2015/03/31/2003614816 |title=John Chiang's son to run in KMT legislative primary |author1=Tsai, Ya-hua |author2=Wang, Wen-hsuan |author3=Chen, Wei-han |date=31 March 2015 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403021205/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2015/03/31/2003614816 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Chiang Wan-an]] subsequently won the KMT primary in May 2015,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2015/05/21/2003618803 |title=Chiang Wan-an wins KMT primary |author1=Hsiao, Alison |date=21 May 2015 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=28 May 2015 |archive-date=28 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528182746/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2015/05/21/2003618803 |url-status=live }}</ref> quickly gaining name recognition thanks in part to his chats with prospective voters as they waited for garbage trucks.<ref name=TT150421>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2015/04/21/2003616439 |title=Chiang Wan-an rises in KMT race |author1=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=CNA |date=21 April 2015 |newspaper=Taipei Times |accessdate=28 May 2015 |archive-date=28 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528183015/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2015/04/21/2003616439 |url-status=live }}</ref> John Chiang's participation in his son's campaign was limited to moral support and babysitting his son's children.<ref name=TT150421 />

== Family tree ==
{{Chiang family tree}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Fredrick Chien]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)|ROC Foreign Minister]]|years=1996–1997}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jason C. Hu]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{ROCVPMs}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiang, Hsiao-yen}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Taipei Members of the Legislative Yuan]]
[[Category:Kuomintang Members of the Legislative Yuan in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Family of Chiang Kai-shek]]
[[Category:Taiwanese twins]]
[[Category:Identical twins]]
[[Category:Soochow University (Taiwan) alumni]]
[[Category:Georgetown University alumni]]
[[Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Politicians from Guilin]]
[[Category:Vice premiers of the Republic of China on Taiwan]]
[[Category:Republic of China politicians from Guangxi]]
[[Category:Members of the 5th Legislative Yuan]]
[[Category:Members of the 6th Legislative Yuan]]
[[Category:Members of the 7th Legislative Yuan]]
[[Category:Children of national leaders of China]]
[[Category:Children of presidents]]
[[Category:Refugees of the Chinese Civil War]]
[[Category:Taiwanese people from Guangxi]]