View source for Chula Vista, California

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Redirect|Chula Vista}}
{{Distinguish|Vista, California}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Chula Vista, California
| settlement_type    = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                 = infobox
| total_width            = 300
| image_style            = border:1;
| perrow                 = 1/2/2
| image1 = ChulaVista Bayfront.jpg
| image2 = Chula Vista, CA, USA - panoramio (77).jpg
| image3 = Chula_Vista,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(37)_(cropped).jpg
| image4 = Congregational Tower, Chula Vista.jpg
| image5 = Chula Vista, CA, USA - panoramio (1).jpg
}}
| caption            = From top to bottom, left to right: Chula Vista Bayfront, Chula Vista City Hall, Pius XXI Church, Congregational Tower, Chula Vista Elite Athletic Training Center.
| image_flag         = Flag of Chula Vista, California.svg
| image_seal         = Seal of Chula Vista, California.svg
| nicknames          = Lemon Capital of the World<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/city_services/community_services/library/LocalHistoryMuseum/heritageMuseum.asp |title=Heritage Museum |year=2012 |work=Public Library Chula Vista |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221095445/http://www.chulavistaca.gov/city_services/community_services/library/LocalHistoryMuseum/heritageMuseum.asp |archive-date=December 21, 2012 }}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.thirdavenuevillage.com/events/lemon-festival |title=Happening Sunday, August 12th |publisher=Third Avenue Village |access-date=March 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703101857/http://www.thirdavenuevillage.com/events/lemon-festival |archive-date=July 3, 2013 }}<br />{{harvnb|San Diego Magazine|2011|p=134}}, {{harvnb|Carpenter|1992|p=31 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news |title=Growing up in |author=Bianca Bruno |url=http://www.theusdvista.com/opinion-editorial/growing-up-in-1.1668810 |newspaper=The Vista |date=October 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2011}}{{dead link|date=October 2015}}<br />{{cite news |title=Cross-Border Lifestyle Requires Patience |author=Anne-Marie O'Connor |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2002/sep/11/local/me-border11/2 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 11, 2002 |access-date=March 27, 2011}}<br />{{cite news |title=S.D. County's Cities Defy The Negatives, Accent The Positives |author=Tom Greeley |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-04-15-me-14019-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 15, 1985 |access-date=March 27, 2011}}</ref>
| image_map          = File:San Diego County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Chula Vista Highlighted 0613392.svg
| mapsize            = 250x200px
| pushpin_map        = USA California San Diego County#USA California#USA
| pushpin_label      = Chula Vista
| pushpin_label_position = right<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within San Diego County##Location within California##Location within the United States
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| coordinates        = {{coord|32|37|40|N|117|2|53|W|type:city_region:US-CA_dim:5000|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name   = {{USA}}
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_name2  = [[San Diego County, California|San Diego]]
| established_title  = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| named_for          = Spanish for "pretty view"
| government_type    = [[Council-manager government|Council-Manager]]
| established_date   = November 28, 1911<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
 |title=California Cities by Incorporation Date
 |format=Word
 |publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
 |access-date=August 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
 |archive-date=November 3, 2014 }}</ref>
| leader_title       = [[City Council]]<ref name=cc>{{cite web
 | url = https://www.chulavistaca.gov/departments/mayor-council
 | title = Mayor and Council
 | publisher = City of Chula Vista
 | access-date = August 4, 2025}}</ref>
| leader_name        = [[Mayor]] John McCann <br />
Carolina Chavez<br />Jose Preciado<br />Michael Inzunza<br />Cesar Fernandez
| leader_title1      = [[City manager]]
| leader_name1       = Maria V. Kachadoorian<ref>{{cite web
 |url=https://www.chulavistaca.gov/departments/city-manager/about-us
 |title=About the City Manager
 |publisher=City of Chula Vista
 |access-date=March 29, 2021
}}</ref>
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 30, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi   = 52.09
| area_total_km2     = 134.92
| area_land_sq_mi    = 49.64
| area_land_km2      = 128.56
| area_water_sq_mi   = 2.46
| area_water_km2     = 6.36
| area_water_percent = 4.73
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1660481|Chula Vista|access-date=October 22, 2014}}</ref>
| elevation_ft       = 66
| elevation_m        = 20
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2020Census">{{cite web |title=Chula Vista city, California |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US0613392 |website=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 14, 2021}}</ref>
| population_total   = 275487
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
| population_est     = 
| population_rank    = [[San Diego County, California|2nd]] in San Diego County<br />[[List of largest California cities by population|15th]] in California<br />[[List of United States cities by population|81st]] in the United States
| population_density_sq_mi = 5549.70
| population_density_km2 = 2142.87
| population_metro   = [[San Diego–Tijuana]]: 5105768
| timezone           = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
| utc_offset         = &minus;8
| timezone_DST       = PDT
| utc_offset_DST     = &minus;7
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code        = 91909–91915, 91921
| area_code          = [[Area codes 619 and 858|619]]{{force singular}}
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = {{FIPS|06|13392}}
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank1_info        = {{GNIS 4|1660481}}, {{GNIS 4|2409461}}
| website            = {{URL|www.chulavistaca.gov}}
}}

'''Chula Vista''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|tʃ|uː|l|ə|_|ˈ|v|ɪ|s|t|ə}} {{respell|CHOO|lə|_|VIST|ə}}; {{langnf|es||italic=no|Beautiful/Pretty View}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/About/Default.asp |title=About Chula Vista |year=2012 |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 22, 2013 |quote=Chula Vista means "beautiful view" and there is more to see and do here than you can imagine! |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308113736/http://www.chulavistaca.gov/About/Default.asp |archive-date=March 8, 2013 }}<br/>{{cite book|title=Rural Californian|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EfNP4c-Y0ysC&pg=RA2-PT48|year=1893|publisher=Rural Californian|page=490|chapter=Grow Lemons for Pleasure and Profit |quote=The San Diego Land and Town Company own 5,000 acres of beautiful mesa land adjoining the thriving town of National City, and named it Chula Vista (most exquisitely beautiful view) with a gentle rising slope from the Bay of San Diego to the east.}}<br/>{{cite book|last1=Bowler|first1=Edward|last2=Bowler|first2=Barbara|title=Cruising Guide to San Diego Bay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EkibKZRXVsYC&pg=PA189|date=October 2002|publisher=Paradise Cay Publications|isbn=978-0-939837-55-7|page=189}}</ref><ref name="Perspective">{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.chula-vista.ca.us/city_services/development_services/planning_building/general_plan/documents/03_Perspective.pdf |title=Chula Vista in Perspective, Chapter 3 |date=December 13, 2005 |work=Chula Vista General Plan |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321052249/http://www.ci.chula-vista.ca.us/city_services/development_services/planning_building/general_plan/documents/03_Perspective.pdf |archive-date=March 21, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Roseman|Watry|2008|p=21}}<br/>{{cite book|last=Hadleigh|first=Boze|title=Mexico's Most Wanted™: The Top 10 Book of Chicano Culture, Latin Lovers, and Hispanic Pride|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=687SmgXymbMC&pg=PA250|date=November 1, 2007|publisher=Potomac Books, Inc.|isbn=978-1-59797-149-2|page=250}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Leland Fetzer|title=San Diego County Place Names, A to Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AOVyQyWDyqUC&pg=PA24|year=2005|publisher=Sunbelt Publications, Inc.|isbn=978-0-932653-73-4|page=24}}<br/>{{cite book|last1=Darlow|first1=Alfred|last2=Brook|first2=Harry Ellington|title=The Rand-McNally Guide to California Via the Overland Route|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HmZLAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA152|year=1903|publisher=Rand, McNally|page=152}}</ref> {{IPA|es|ˈtʃula ˈβista|audio|LL-Q1321 (spa)-Noaius Paticus-Chula Vista.wav}}) is a city in [[San Diego County, California]], United States. It is the second-most populous city in the [[San Diego]] metropolitan area, the [[Largest cities in Southern California|seventh-most populous city]] in [[Southern California]], the [[List of largest California cities by population|15th-most populous city]] in the state of [[California]], and the [[List of United States cities by population|81st-most populous city in the United States]]. The population was 275,487 as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name="2020Census"/> up from 243,916 as of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]].<ref name=2010Census>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0613392.html |title=Chula Vista (city), California |date=April 22, 2015 |website=Quick Facts |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 22, 2015 |quote=Population, 2010 243,916 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805160535/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0613392.html |archive-date=August 5, 2012 }}</ref> It is located in the [[South Bay (San Diego County)|South Bay]], about halfway—{{convert|7.5|mi|km}}—between the two downtowns of the [[San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area|San Diego–Tijuana]] region. Chula Vista is named for its scenic location between [[San Diego Bay]] and coastal mountain foothills.

The area, along with San Diego, was inhabited by the [[Kumeyaay]] before contact from the Spanish, who later claimed the area. In 1821, Chula Vista became part of the newly declared [[First Mexican Empire|Mexican Empire]], which reformed as the [[First Mexican Republic]] two years later. California became part of the United States in 1848 as a result of the [[Mexican–American War]], and was admitted to the union as a state in 1850.

Founded in the early 19th century and incorporated in October 1911, fast population growth has recently been observed in the city. The city is home to the Chula Vista Elite Athlete Training Center, [[Sesame Place San Diego]], [[North Island Credit Union Amphitheatre]], Chula Vista Marina, and the [[Living Coast Discovery Center]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Lister |first=Priscilla |date=October 13, 2014 |title=Bayfront walk in Chula vista has wildlife, public art |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/oct/13/bayfront-walk-in-chula-vista-has-wildlife-public/ |newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |access-date=October 28, 2014 }}<br />{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/nwrs/threecolumn.aspx?id=48416 |title=Living Coast Discovery Center |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=March 6, 2013 |website=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service |publisher=Department of the Interior |access-date=October 28, 2014}}</ref>

==History==

===Early history===
Fossils of aquatic life, in the form of a [[belemnitida]] from the [[Jurassic]], have been found within the modern borders of Chula Vista.<ref name=PSB2014 /> It is not until the [[Oligocene epoch]] that land life fossils have been found;<ref name=PSB2014 /><ref>{{cite news |last=Harper |first=Hilliard |date=June 28, 1987 |title=Finding Fossils in San Diego Area Easy as Kicking Rocks |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-06-28-me-245-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=May 4, 2018 }}</ref> although [[Eocene epoch]] fossils have been found in nearby [[Bonita, California|Bonita]].<ref name=PSB2014 /> It is not until 10,000 years ago that human activity has been found within the modern borders of Chula Vista, primarily in [[Otay River|Otay Valley]] of the [[San Dieguito complex|San Dieguito people]].<ref name=PSB2014>{{cite web |url=http://sunnycv.com/southbay/exhibits/prehistoric.html |title=Prehistoric South Bay |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2014 |website=SunnyCV |publisher=South Bay Historical Society |access-date=May 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505135413/http://sunnycv.com/southbay/exhibits/prehistoric.html |archive-date=May 5, 2018 }}</ref> The oldest site of human settlement within the modern boundaries of Chula Vista, was named Otai by the Spanish in 1769, and had been occupied as far back as 7,980 years ago.<ref name=FP2017 /> Another place where humans first settled within the modern boundaries of Chula Vista was at the Rolling Hills Site, which dates back to 7,000 years ago.<ref name=FP2017>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Schoenherr |editor1-first=Steve |editor2-last=Orgovan |editor2-first=Harry |date=December 2017 |title=First People |url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/home/showdocument?id=15931 |journal=South Bay Historical Society Bulletin |issue=17 |access-date=May 4, 2018 }}</ref>

In 3000 BC, people speaking the [[Quechan language|Yuman (Quechan) language]] began moving into the region from the [[Lower Colorado River Valley]] and southwestern [[Arizona]] portions of the [[Sonoran Desert]]. Later the [[Kumeyaay]] tribe came to populate the land, on which the city sits today, and lived in the area for hundreds of years.<ref name="CVH" /> The Kumeyaay built a village known as ''Chiap'' (or ''Chyap)'' which was located by mudflats at the southern end of South Bay.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carrico |first1=Richard L. |date=Spring 2017 |title=Castigating the Insolent Ones: Native Resistance and the Spanish Military the Pa'mu Incident |url=https://sandiegohistory.org/journal/2018/july/castigating-the-insolent-ones-native-resistance-and-the-spanish-military-the-pamu-incident/ |journal=The Journal of San Diego History |volume=63 |issue=3 & 4 |pages= |doi= |access-date=September 8, 2024}}</ref>

[[File:José_María_Estudillo.jpg|thumb|left|[[José María Estudillo]] and the [[Estudillo family of California|Estudillo family]], a powerful [[Californio]] clan of Southern California, owned the majority of modern-day Chula Vista.]]
In 1542 AD, a fleet of three [[Spanish Empire]] ships commanded by [[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo]], sailed into [[San Diego Harbor]]. Early explorations by Spanish [[conquistador]]s, such as these, led to Spanish claims of the land. The village of Chiap (known to the Spanish as La Punta) became a center of a [[Kumeyaay]] revolt against the Spanish in 1775, which was later abandoned by 1776.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carrico|first=Richard|title=Kumeyaay History|url=https://www.kumeyaay.com/sociopolitical-aspects-of-the-1775-revolt-at-mission-san-diego-de-alcala.html|access-date=July 25, 2020|website=www.kumeyaay.com|language=en-gb}}</ref> The historic land on which Chula Vista sits became part of the 1795 land grant known as Rancho del Rey or The King's Ranch. The land eventually was renamed Rancho de la Nación.<ref name="CVH" />

After [[Mexican War of Independence|Mexico became independent from Spain]], what is now Chula Vista became part of [[Alta California]].<ref name="Perspective" /> Beginning in 1829, the land that is now Chula Vista was divided among [[Rancho Janal]], [[Rancho Otay]], [[Rancho de la Nación]] and [[Rancho Melijo|Rancho La Punta]]; these were owned by [[José María Estudillo]], José's sister Maria, [[John (Don Juan) Forster]], and [[Santiago E. Argüello]] respectively.<ref name="USD2004Otay" />

During the [[Mexican–American War]], California was claimed by the United States, regardless of the [[California Republic|California independence]] movement that had briefly swept the state. Though California was now under the jurisdiction of the United States, land grants were allowed to continue in the form of private property.<ref name="CVH" /> In 1873, the [[United States Army]] built a telegraph line between San Diego and [[Fort Yuma]] which ran through Telegraph Canyon in Chula Vista;<ref name=USD2004Otay /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sunnycv.com/southbay/newsletter2.html |title=SBHS News . . . |last=Schoenherr |first=Steven |date=February 4, 2015 |website=SunnyCV.com |publisher=South Bay Historical Society |access-date=May 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910131541/http://www.sunnycv.com/southbay/newsletter2.html |archive-date=September 10, 2015 }}</ref> its construction was under the command of Captain George F. Price of the [[5th Cavalry Regiment]] out of [[Fort McDowell, Arizona|Camp McDowell]].<ref>{{harvnb|Hamersly|1883|pp=136–140}}, {{harvnb|Price|1883|p=445}}</ref> In the 1870s and 1880s mining was done on Rancho Janal.<ref>{{cite report |author=Coast 2 Coast Environmental, Inc. |date=November 5, 2010 |title=Phase I Environmental Site Assessment |url=https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/pds/ceqa/OtayRanchVillage13Resort/PDS2004-3810-04-002-DEIR-AppendixC10-Phase-I-ESA-AreaAandB.pdf |publisher=County of San Diego |access-date=May 12, 2018 }}<br/>{{cite web |url=http://sunnycv.com/steve/local/otay.html |title=Otay Valley |last=Schoenherr |first=Steven |date=October 29, 2004 |website=Schoenherr Home Page |publisher=South Bay Historical Society |access-date=March 4, 2020}}</ref>

The [[San Diego Land and Town Company]] developed lands of the Rancho de la Nación for new [[Human settlement|settlement]]. The town began as a five thousand acre development, with the first house being erected in 1887; by 1889, ten houses had been completed.<ref name="LATIMES">{{cite news |title=Chula Vista, County's 2nd Largest City, Has Problem With Image |author=Nancy Ray |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-26-me-7834-story.html |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=May 26, 1986 |access-date=March 19, 2011}}</ref> Around this time, the lemon was introduced to the city, by a retired professor from the [[University of Wisconsin]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Walter |first=Susan |date=November 26, 2011 |title=South Bay's juicy history |url=http://www.thestarnews.com/history-101/south-bay-s-juicy-history/ |work=Star News |location=Chula Vista, California |access-date=March 7, 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br />{{harvnb|The Great Southwest|1889|p=4}}</ref> Chula Vista can be roughly translated from Spanish as "beautiful view";<ref name="CVH">{{cite web|title=Brief History of Chula Vista |url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/About/history.asp |work=City of Chula Vista |publisher=City of Cula Vista |access-date=October 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105084520/http://www.chulavistaca.gov/About/history.asp |archive-date=November 5, 2010 }}</ref> the name was suggested by [[Sweetwater Dam]] designer James D. Schulyer.{{sfn|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012}}

The 1888 completion of the dam allowed for irrigation of Chula Vista farming lands. Chula Vista eventually became the largest [[lemon]]-growing center in the world for a period of time.<ref name="CVH" /> {{as of|February 2019}}, the oldest surviving buildings in Chula Vista originate from around this time, including the Barber house, and the Cordrey house.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chulavistaca.gov/residents/about-chula-vista/historic-homes |title=Historic Homes |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=About Chula Vista |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=February 28, 2019 }}<br/>{{cite book|author1=Frank M. Roseman|author2=Peter J. Watry|title=Chula Vista|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V0BJAh_7y_YC&pg=PA18|year=2010|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-8016-6|page=18}}<br/>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewish-american-society-for-historic-preservation.org/images/Jewish_History_of_Chula_Vista_by_Steve_Schoenherr.pdf |title=Jewish History in Chula Vista |last=Schoenherr |first=Steve |date=July 29, 2012 |publisher=Jewish American Society for Historical Preservation |access-date=February 28, 2019 }}</ref> In 1889, the city became home to the first watch factory west of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Crawford |first=Richard |date=12 April 2008 |title=Watch factory in Otay never quiet lived up to billing |url=https://www.sandiegoyesterday.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Otay-Watch-Company1.pdf |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |location= |access-date=13 September 2024 |via=San Diego Yesterday}}<br/>{{cite magazine |last=Schinto |first=Jeanne |date=6 May 1999 |title=Otay Watch Works and the famous Jessop clock downtown San Diego |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1999/may/06/no-clock-forest/ |magazine=Reader |location=San Diego |publisher= |access-date=13 September 2024}}<br/>{{cite web |url=http://sunnycv.com/history/exhibits/otaywatch.html |title=Otay Watch Factory |last=Schoenherr |first=Steve |date=10 May 2017 |website=sunnycv.com |publisher=South Bay Historical Society |access-date=13 September 2024 |quote=}}</ref> Additionally, the [[Coronado Belt Line Railroad]] was built through Chula Vista, connecting [[Hotel Del Coronado]] with National City, where [[California Southern Railroad|Southern California Railroad]] terminated.{{sfn|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=17}} Another railroad built through Chula Vista, was the [[National City and Otay Railroad]], which was routed down Third Avenue.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Schoenherr |first=Steve |date=August 2017 |title=Middle Broadway |url=https://www.chulavistaca.gov/home/showdocument?id=15383 |journal=South Bay Historical Society Bulletin |issue=16 |access-date=February 28, 2019 }}<br/>{{cite journal |date=July 2014 |title=Railroads of the South Bay |url=https://www.chulavistaca.gov/home/showdocument?id=12203 |journal=South Bay Historical Society Bulletin |issue=4 |access-date=February 28, 2019 }}<br/>{{cite book|author=William Ellsworth Smythe|title=History of San Diego, 1542–1907: An Account of the Rise and Progress of the Pioneer Settlement on the Pacific Coast of the United States ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E20UAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA439|year=1907|publisher=History Company|page=439|isbn=978-0-598-28031-2}}</ref> During the [[Panic of 1893|depression at the end of the century]], industrial employment in Chula Vista was limited to the [[South Bay Salt Works|La Punta Salt Works]] and [[packing house]]s.{{sfn|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=18}}

===20th century===
In 1911, Chula Vista had {{convert|15000|acre|km2}} of agricultural lands, of which {{convert|4000|acre|km2}} were lemon groves.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Blocker |first1=John |year=2011 |title=Ladybugs Saved Chula Vista's Title as Lemon Capitol the World |url=https://www.sdfloral.org/growinggrounds-1.htm |journal=California Garden |volume=102 |issue=1 |pages= |doi= |access-date=September 8, 2024}}</ref> The citizens of Chula Vista voted to incorporate on October 17, 1911. The State approved the city's incorporation in November.<ref name="CVH"/> One of its first city council members was a former [[Cleveland]]ite Greg Rogers, who was also a leader of the [[Chula Vista Yacht Club]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Sampite-Montecalvo |first=Allison |date=April 12, 2017 |title=Greg Rogers historic home in Chula Vista up for sale |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/south-county/sd-se-rogers-home-0413-story.html |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=April 14, 2017 }}<br/>{{harvnb|Roseman|Watry|2008|p=38}}</ref> The yacht club would the first on the [[United States West Coast|West Coast]] to build race specific boats, which resulted in a uniquely designed [[sloop]].<ref>{{harvnb|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=23}}, {{harvnb|Jones|2001|p=92}}</ref> In 1915, a [[Carnegie Library]] was built on F Street.{{sfn|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=23}} In the 1910s, [[Chinese Americans|Chinese]], [[Filipino Americans|Filipino]], and [[Mexican Americans|Mexican]] [[Farmworker|farm laborers]] worked the fields within the city, with most commuting in from [[downtown San Diego]] and [[Logan Heights, San Diego|Logan Heights]].<ref>{{harvnb|Guevarra|2012|pp=45–46}}</ref>

In January 1916, Chula Vista was impacted by the [[Hatfield Flood]], which was named after [[Charles Hatfield]], when the [[Lower Otay Dam]] collapsed flooding the valley surrounding the [[Otay River]];<ref>{{cite news |last=Tjoa |first=May |date=March 27, 2016 |title=Exhibit at Chula Vista Heritage Museum Marks Centennial of Historic Flooding |url=http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/Great-Flood-of-1916-Centennial-Exhibit-Chula-Vista-Heritage-Museum-373632841.html |work=KNSD |location=San Diego |access-date=March 26, 2017 }}</ref> up to fifty people died in the flood.<ref>{{cite news |last=Perry |first=Tony |date=May 25, 2015 |title=With San Diego again drought-ridden, 1915 'Rainmaker' saga is revisited |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-rainmaker-20150526-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=March 26, 2017 }}</ref> Later in 1916, the [[Hercules Inc.|Hercules Powder Company]] opened a 30-acre bayfront site, now known as Gunpowder point, which produced substances used to make [[cordite]], a gun propellant used extensively by the [[British Armed Forces]] during [[World War I]].<ref name="Perspective"/> In 1920, [[San Diego Country Club]] opened in Chula Vista, with its clubhouse designed by [[Richard Requa]] who had previously worked on the [[California Pacific International Exposition]].<ref>{{harvnb|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=25}}<br />{{cite web |url=https://www.sothebysrealty.com/eng/article/san-diego-country-club |title=Chula Vista, California Golf Course |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Southerby's International Realty |publisher=Sotheby's International Realty Affiliates LLC |access-date=May 1, 2018 }}<br/>{{harvnb|McGrew|1922|p=32}}</ref> In 1925, aviation began in Chula Vista, with the Tyce School of Aviation, operating the [[Chula Vista Airport]].<ref>{{harvnb|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=27}}<br />{{cite web |url=http://sunnycv.com/southbay/exhibits/gunpowder.html |title=Gunpower Point History |last=Schoenherr |first=Steve |date=November 24, 2014 |website=Sunnycv.com |publisher=South Bay Historical Society |access-date=May 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226193353/http://sunnycv.com/southbay/exhibits/gunpowder.html |archive-date=December 26, 2017 }}</ref> In 1926, the salt works purchased Rancho Janal and grew barley and lima beans.<ref name=USD2004Otay />

Although the Great Depression affected Chula Vista significantly, agriculture still provided considerable income for the residents. In 1931, the lemon orchards produced $1&nbsp;million in revenue and the celery fields contributed $600,000.<ref name="CVH"/> [[History of Japanese Americans#Farming|Japanese American farms]] played a significant role in developing new crops outside of lemons, especially celery.<ref>{{harvnb|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|pp=28–29}}, {{harvnb|Scharf|1978}}, {{harvnb|Gustafsson|2011}}, {{harvnb|Niiya|1993|p=40}}</ref> In the 1930s, led by [[Chris Mensalvas]], Filipino and Mexican farm workers [[Strike action|went on strike]] against the celery farms.<ref>{{harvnb|Guevarra|2012|p=92}}, {{harvnb|Patacsil|Guevarra|Tuyay|2010|p=22}}</ref> To the east, on land formerly known as Rancho Janal, [[dairy farming]] and [[Beef cattle|cattle]] farming was done on over {{Convert|4,000|acre|ha}}.<ref>{{harvnb|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=28}}, {{harvnb|Moyer|1969|p=10}}</ref> By the end of the 1930s, the city's population of over 4,000 residents was mostly [[White Americans|Caucasian]], with small populations of [[Japanese Americans|Japanese]] and Mexican Americans.{{sfn|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=29}} Prior to World War II, [[Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States|anti-Japanese sentiment]] had existed in Chula Vista, due to competition between Japanese farmers and White farmers, however an association was formed which decreased those sentiments.<ref>{{harvnb|Saito|2009|p=46}}</ref>

In November 1940, the city purchased the Chula Vista Airport for Rohr Aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/home/showdocument?id=2 |title=Rohr Aircraft Corporation |last1=Dean |first1=Ada |last2=Golden |first2=Donna |last3=Roseman |first3=Frank |last4=Watry |first4=Peter |website=City of Chula Vista Heritage Museum |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=May 1, 2018 }}</ref> The relocation of [[Rohr Aircraft Corporation]] to Chula Vista in early 1941, just months before the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], changed Chula Vista. The land never returned to being orchard groves again.<ref name="CVH"/> At the Rohr factory, the 11,000 employees worked on power units for the [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator]].<ref>{{harvnb|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=42}}, {{harvnb|Showley|1999|p=252}}</ref> In 1945, [[The Vogue Theater]] opened.<ref>{{cite news |last=Luzzaro |first=Susan |date=December 6, 2015 |title=Vogue Theater for sale — not to be destroyed |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2015/dec/06/stringers-vogue-theater-sale-not-destruction/# |work=San Diego Reader |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}<br/>{{harvnb|Roseman|Watry|2008|p=90}}</ref>

Due to [[Executive Order 9066]], the Japanese Americans who lived in Chula Vista were sent to [[Santa Anita Racetrack]] and then to the [[Poston War Relocation Center]].<ref>{{harvnb|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=43}}<br />{{cite news |last=Rowe |first=Peter |date=May 19, 2012 |title=WWII: Internments for San Diego's Japanese-Americans |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/people/sdut-wwii-japanese-americans-in-san-diego-2012may19-htmlstory.html |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=May 2, 2018 }}<br/>{{cite journal |last1=Moss |first1=James E. |last2=Schlenker |first2=Gerald |date=Winter 1972 |title=The Internment of the Japanese of San Diego County During the Second World War |url=https://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/1972/january/internment/ |journal=The Journal of San Diego History |volume=18 |issue=1 |access-date=May 2, 2018 }}</ref> One of those Japanese Americans from Chula Vista was Joseph K. Sano, who was an [[United States Army Air Service|air corps veteran]] of World War I, and a member of the [[American Legion]];<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=April 8, 2018 |title=From the Archives April 8, 1942: San Diegans leave for internment camps |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/150-years/sd-me-150-years-april-8-htmlstory.html |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=May 2, 2018 }}</ref> during World War II, Sano served in the [[Defense Language Institute|Military Intelligence Service Language School]] at the [[University of Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/b/bhlead/umich-bhl-2013011?view=text |title=Joseph K. Sano papers: 1923-1951 (bulk 1941-1951) |last=Sano |first=Joseph K. |date=2012 |website=Bentley Historical Library |publisher=University of Michigan |access-date=May 2, 2018 }}<br/>{{cite web |url=https://oakland.edu/newsatou/news/2016/fall/oakland-university-to-share-survivors-stories-of-racial-discrimination-during-world-war-ii |title=Oakland University to share survivors' stories of racial discrimination during World War II |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=November 1, 2016 |publisher=Oakland University |access-date=May 2, 2018 }}</ref> In 1944, the state of California attempted to seize land in Chula Vista owned by Kajiro Oyama, a legal Japanese resident who was then [[Japanese American internment|interned]] in Utah. Oyama was correctly charged with putting the property in his son Fred's name with the intent to evade the [[California Alien Land Law of 1913|Alien Land Law]] because Fred was a native-born citizen. The case went to the U.S. Supreme Court as ''[[Oyama v. California]]'', where the court found that Kajiro's [[Equal Protection Clause|equal protection]] rights had been violated.<ref>{{cite news |last=Soto |first=Onell R. |date=September 21, 2008 |title=Equal-rights gains have local roots |url=http://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/metro/20080921-9999-1n21land.html |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=May 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930193200/http://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/metro/20080921-9999-1n21land.html |archive-date=September 30, 2018 }}<br/>{{cite book|title=Five Views|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJt5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA194|year=1988|publisher=State of California--the Resources Agency, Department of Parks and Recreation, Office of Historic Preservation|pages=194–195}}<br/>{{harvnb|Niiya|1993|p=280}}</ref>

The population of post–World War II Chula Vista tripled from 5,000 residents in 1940 to more than 16,000 in 1950.<ref name="CVH"/> After the war, many of the factory workers and thousands of servicemen stayed in the area, resulting in the huge growth in population. The last of the citrus groves and produce fields disappeared as Chula Vista became one of the largest communities in San Diego County.<ref name="CVH"/> In 1949, the city limits of Chula Vista expanded for the first time.{{sfn|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|pp=45-46}} Due to the construction of the [[Interstate 5 in California#San Diego County|Montgomery Freeway]], the Arguello Adobe of Rancho La Punta was demolished.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ovrp.org/uploads/history/La%20Punta.JBlocker.pdf |title=San Diego's Lost Landscape: La Punta |last=Blocker |first=John |publisher=Otay Valley Regional Park |access-date=May 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062754/http://www.ovrp.org/uploads/history/La%20Punta.JBlocker.pdf |archive-date=September 24, 2015 }}<br/>{{cite web |url=http://sunnycv.com/southbay/exhibits/punta.html |title=La Punta |last=Schoenherr |first=Steve |date=December 12, 2014 |website=Sunnycv |publisher=South Bay Historical Society |access-date=May 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001821/http://www.sunnycv.com/southbay/exhibits/punta.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }}<br/>{{harvnb|Taylor|2016|p=37}}</ref> In 1955, the Big Ski Drive-In opened;<ref>{{harvnb|Davis|Stringer-Bowsher|Krintz|Ghabhláin|2012|p=46}}<br />{{cite news |last=Sherman |first=Pat |date=June 27, 2010 |title=Driven to preserve drive-in memories |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-driven-to-preserve-drive-in-memories-2010jun27-htmlstory.html |work= San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}</ref> until it closed in 1980, it was one of the largest [[drive-in theater]]s in the nation.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sanford |first=Jay Allen |date=August 1, 2008 |title=Drive-In Theaters in San Diego: Complete Illustrated History 1947 thru 2008 (45 new pics added 7-4-09!) |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/weblogs/bands/2008/aug/01/drive-in-theaters-in-san-diego-complete-illustrate/# |work= San Diego Reader |access-date=May 3, 2018 |quote=THE BIG SKY Drive-In opened in June 1955 at 2245 Main Street in Chula Vista. With 21 acres of space, its car capacity of 2000 made it one of the four largest ozones in the U.S. (Los Aitos in Long Beach held 2100 while the 41 Twin in Franklin, Wisconsin, and the Twin Open Air in Oak Lawn, Illinois, were the same size as the Big Sky.) }}<br/>{{cite news |last=Sanford |first=Jay Allen |date=July 6, 2006 |title=Field of Screens |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2006/jul/06/field-screens/?page=5& |work= San Diego Reader |access-date=May 3, 2018 |page=5 }}</ref> By the 1960s, Chula Vista continued its expansion with the annexation of part of Bonita.<ref>{{harvnb|Schoenherr|Oswell|2009|p=109}}<br/>{{cite web |url=http://www.sweetwatervalleyca.org/history/ |title=Annexations in the Valley |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2017 |publisher=Sweetwater Valley Civic Association |access-date=May 2, 2018 }}<br/>{{cite news |last=Valdez |first=Jonah |date=March 1, 2017 |title=Our little hills, forever near |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2017/mar/01/cover-our-little-hills-forever-near/ |work=San Diego Reader |access-date=May 2, 2018 }}<br/>{{cite thesis |last=Coleman |first=Eugene Victor |date=1973 |title=The Urbanization of the Sweetwater Valley, San Diego County |type=Masters Thesis |publisher=San Diego State University |url=http://sunnycv.com/history/docs/doc229.pdf |access-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> That same decade, Filipinos and Mexicans began to move into Chula Vista in significant numbers;<ref>{{harvnb|Guevarra|2012|pp=47}}</ref> these included [[Military history of Asian Americans#Cold War|Filipino navy veterans]].<ref>{{harvnb|Zhao|Park|2013|p=1042}}</ref> In 1963, Chula Vista became the 2nd-most populous city in San Diego County.<ref>{{cite report |date=August 2008 |title=Historic Resources Assessment of 2711, 2725, and 2729 Granger Avenue, National City, San Diego County, California |url=http://www.sandiegocounty.gov/reusable_components/images/images/dgs/Documents/CEQA_Lincoln_Acres_Append_A.pdf |work=BRG Consulting, Inc. |publisher=County of San Diego |access-date=May 7, 2017 }}</ref> From 1960 to 2013, the [[South Bay Power Plant]], a 700-megawatt, four-[[Boiler (power generation)|boiler]] plant, occupied {{convert|115|acres|0|abbr=on}} of the Chula Vista waterfront.<ref>{{cite news |title=Imploding a bayfront fixture: If weather conditions cooperate, the now-defunct South Bay Power Plant in Chula Vista will be demolished on Saturday morning |author=Katherine Poythress |url=http://m.utsandiego.com/news/2013/jan/30/imploding-a-bayfront-fixture/ |newspaper=San Diego Union |date=January 30, 2013 |access-date=February 9, 2013 |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231924/http://m.utsandiego.com/news/2013/jan/30/imploding-a-bayfront-fixture/ }}</ref>

[[File:United States Training Center Chula Vista.jpg|thumb|Olympic Training Center, with Lower Otay Reservoir in the background]]
In 1985, Chula Vista made the largest annexation in California history, which included the neighborhoods of Castle Park and Otay.<ref name=Oct2011SDUT /> In January 1986, Chula Vista annexed the unincorporated community of Montgomery, which had previously rejected annexation in 1979 and 1982. At the time of the annexation the community was virtually surrounded by its larger neighbor.<ref name="Montgomery">{{cite news |title=Montgomery Merging With City: Chula Vista Annexation Is Cause to Celebrate |author=Keith A. Owens |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-01-03-me-23931-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=January 3, 1986 |access-date=March 19, 2011}}</ref> Later, San Diego gave way, allowing Chula Vista to annex the [[Otay River]] Valley, which was opposed by residents in [[Otay Mesa West, San Diego|Otay Mesa]] and [[Nestor, San Diego|Nestor]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Ray |first=Nancy |date=September 8, 1986 |title=Planners' Advice Ignored: S.D.-Chula Vista Land Giveaway Is Questioned |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-09-08-me-12988-story.html |work= Los Angeles Times |access-date=May 12, 2018 }}</ref> Over the next few decades, Chula Vista continued to expand eastward. Plans called for a variety of housing developments such as the Eastlake, Rancho del Rey, and Otay Ranch neighborhoods.<ref name="Perspective"/> During this expansion a [[walrus]] fossil was found, of an extinct species of toothless ''[[Valenictus]]'', after the species was named for the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sdnhm.org/exhibitions/fossil-mysteries/fossil-field-guide-a-z/walrus/ |title=Walrus |first1=Margaret |last1=Dykens |first2=Lynett |last2=Gillette |first3=Jim |last3=Melli |first4=Francois |last4=Gohier |publisher=San Diego Natural History Museum |access-date=May 4, 2018 }}<br/>{{harvnb|Berta|2017|p=230}}</ref> The quick expansion east of [[Interstate 805]] was not embraced by all of the cities residents, leading to advocacy that new housing developments be built with parks, schools, and emergency services.<ref name=Oct2011SDUT>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Chula Vista celebrates its first 100 years |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-chula-vista-the-first-100-years-2011oct12-htmlstory.html |work= San Diego Union-Tribune |date=October 12, 2011 |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}</ref> In 1991, Chula Vista elected its first female mayor, Gayle McCandliss, who died from cancer a few weeks after being elected.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mallgren |first=Laura |title=Park to be re-named in honor of late mayor |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/132790049/ |work=The Star-News |location=Chula Vista |date=June 2, 2000 |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}<br/>{{cite news |last=Reza |first=H.G. |date=January 19, 1991 |title=Chula Vista Mayor Dies; Held Office for One Month: Illness: Yearlong battle with cancer ends in death for 36-year-old Gayle McCandliss. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-19-me-75-story.html |work= Los Angeles Times |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}</ref> In 1995, the [[United States Olympic Committee]] opened an [[United States Olympic Training Center|Olympic Training Center]] in Eastlake on donated land;<ref>{{cite news |title=Chula Vista – where the world's best train |author=Patrice Milkovich |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20040808/news_lz1e8milkovic.html |newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |date=August 8, 2004 |access-date=February 9, 2013}}</ref> it is the USOC's first master-planned facility and is adjacent to [[Lower Otay Reservoir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teamusa.org/For-Athletes/Olympic-Training-Centers-and-Sites/Chula-Vista.aspx |title=Chula Vista |year=2013 |work=Olympic Training Centers/Sites & Tours |publisher=United States Olympic Committee |access-date=February 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120916034702/https://www.teamusa.org/For-Athletes/Olympic-Training-Centers-and-Sites/Chula-Vista.aspx |archive-date=September 16, 2012 }}</ref> In the last decade of the century, a [[desalinization]] plant opened to process water from wells along the Sweetwater River;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/233/section2.html |title=Data Series 233 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= March 8, 2007 |website=U.S. Geological Survey |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=March 8, 2017 }}</ref> it was expanded less than two decades later,<ref>{{cite news |last=Lake |first=Heather |date=October 2, 2015 |title=Sweetwater desalination plant undergoes expansion |url=http://fox5sandiego.com/2015/10/02/sweetwater-desalination-plant-undergoes-expansion/ | work=KSWB |location=San Diego |access-date=March 8, 2017 }}</ref> which included a pumping station built in Bonita.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/bonita-historical-survey-rpt.pdf |title=A Historical Survey Report for Bonita Pump Station Project, San Diego, California |last1=Pentney |first1=Sandra |last2=DeGiovine |first2=Michael M. |date=November 20, 2015 |publisher=City of San Diego |access-date=March 8, 2017 }}</ref>

====Camp Otay/Weber====
During [[World War I]] and [[World War II|II]], the army maintained a base on the present-day corner of Main Street and Albany Avenue. It initially served as a border post during World War I, and was reestablished in December 1942. It was home to the [[140th Infantry Regiment (United States)|140th Infantry Regiment]], [[35th Infantry Division (United States)|35th Infantry Division]].<ref name="CpOtay"/> The regiment conducted war games against the [[Camp Lockett]]–based [[10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|10th Cavalry]], and were defeated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/21299/files/historic%20background%20study.pdf |title=Cuyamaca Racho State Park Historic Background Study & Historic Inventory |last=Bevil |first=Alexander D. |date=February 28, 2014 |website=Department of Parks and Recreation |publisher=State of California |access-date=February 28, 2014 |quote=24 May 2015}}</ref> The base was closed in February 1944, and the division went on to see combat in the [[European Theatre of World War II|European theater]]. All traces of the post have since been removed.<ref name="CpOtay">{{cite web |url=http://www.militarymuseum.org/CpOtay.html |title=Camp Otay |author=Los Angeles District, Corps of Engineers |work=[[California State Military Museum]] |publisher=California State Military Department |access-date=April 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206072155/http://militarymuseum.org/CpOtay.html |archive-date=February 6, 2011 }}<br />{{cite web |url=http://www.sunnycv.com/southbay/exhibits/military.html |title=Military Bases in the South Bay |last=Schoenherr |first=Steve |date=March 28, 2015 |website=SunnyCV |publisher=South Bay Historical Society |access-date=May 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524214633/http://www.sunnycv.com/southbay/exhibits/military.html |archive-date=May 24, 2015 }}</ref>

===21st century===
In 2003, Chula Vista had 200,000 residents and was the second-largest city in San Diego County.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.chula-vista.ca.us/city_services/Administrative_Services/City_Admin_Manager/Communications/spotlight/2003/2003-Holiday.pdf |title=Spotlight |year=2003 |work=Office of the City Manager |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321052452/http://www.ci.chula-vista.ca.us/city_services/Administrative_Services/City_Admin_Manager/Communications/spotlight/2003/2003-Holiday.pdf |archive-date=March 21, 2012 }}</ref> That year, Chula Vista was the seventh fastest growing city in the nation, growing at a rate of 5.5%, due to the communities of Eastlake and Otay Ranch.<ref>{{cite news |last=Weisberg |first=Lori |date=July 10, 2003 |title=Chula Vista No. 7 in the nation in galloping growth |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-chula-vista-no-7-nation-galloping-growth-2003jul10-story.html | work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=March 7, 2017 }}</ref> Chula Vista is growing at a fast pace,<ref name="Perspective"/> with major developments taking place in the Otay Valley near the U.S. Olympic Training Center and Otay Lake Reservoir. Thousands of new homes have been built in the Otay Ranch, Lomas Verdes, Rancho Del Rey, [[Eastlake, San Diego County, California|Eastlake]] and Otay Mesa areas.<ref>{{cite news |title=Horses Stampede Through Chula Vista Streets |url=http://www.10news.com/news/22948374/detail.html |newspaper=KGTV |date=March 24, 2010 |access-date=March 19, 2011 |archive-date=May 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514011435/http://www.10news.com/news/22948374/detail.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In mid-2006, officials from Chula Vista and the [[San Diego Chargers]] met to discuss the potential construction of a new stadium that would serve as the home for the team;<ref>{{cite news |last=Donohue |first=Andrew |date=May 8, 2006 |title=Chula Vista Looking to Chargers |url=https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/government/chula-vista-looking-to-chargers/ |work=Voice of San Diego |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}<br/>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=Associated Press |title=Chula Vista shows Chargers execs potential stadium site |url=http://www.espn.com/espn/wire/_/section/nfl/id/2531964 |work=ESPN |date=July 27, 2006 |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}</ref> however, in June 2009, the Chargers removed Chula Vista as a possible location for a new stadium.<ref name="10NEWS">{{Cite news|title=Chula Vista Out As Possible Chargers Stadium Site |url=http://www.10news.com/news/19849294/detail.html |work=10News.com |publisher=Internet Broadcasting Systems, Inc. |date=June 24, 2009 |access-date=August 13, 2009}}</ref> The [[South Bay Expressway]], a toll-road extension of State Route 125, opened on November 19, 2007.

As a result of the [[Mexican drug war]], many Mexicans from [[Tijuana]] began to immigrate to Chula Vista.<ref>{{harvnb|Taylor|2016|p=67}}<br/>{{cite news |last1=Weisberg |first1=Lori |last2=Berestein |first2=Leslie |date=May 14, 2009 |title=County not go-to spot for Latinos in region |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-1n14census002311-latinos-make-31-county-population-2009may14-story.html |work= San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=May 3, 2018 |quote=The newcomers tend to gravitate toward North County, he said, and the transplants near the border in the Chula Vista area. }}<br/>{{cite news |last=Marosi |first=Richard |date=June 7, 2008 |title=U.S. a haven for Tijuana elite |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/la-me-haven-story.html |work= Los Angeles Times |access-date=May 3, 2018 |quote=So many upper-class Mexican families live in the Eastlake neighborhood and Bonita, an unincorporated community adjacent to Chula Vista, that residents say the area is becoming a gilded colony of Mexicans, where speaking English is optional and people can breathe easy cruising around in their Mercedes-Benzes and BMWs. }}<br/>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Wealthy Mexicans Flee Tijuana for U.S. to Escape Kidnappings |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/wealthy-mexicans-flee-tijuana-for-u-s-to-escape-kidnappings |work=Fox News |date=January 9, 2007 |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}</ref> Being in close proximity to Tijuana, however, has led to some drug war activity within Chula Vista.<ref>{{cite news |last=Moore |first=Solomon |date=December 8, 2009 |title=How U.S. Became Stage for Mexican Drug Feud |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/09/us/09border.html |work= New York Times |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}<br/>{{cite magazine |last=Epstein |first=David |author2=ProPublica |date=February 2016 |title=How DEA Agents Took Down Mexico's Most Vicious Drug Cartel |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/01/drug-enforcement-agency-mexico-drug-cartel/419100/ |magazine=The Atlantic |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}<br/>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=April 5, 2014 |title=Drug smuggling tunnels with rail systems discovered under US border with Mexico |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/mexico/10746238/Drug-smuggling-tunnels-with-rail-systems-discovered-under-US-border-with-Mexico.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/mexico/10746238/Drug-smuggling-tunnels-with-rail-systems-discovered-under-US-border-with-Mexico.html |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=United Kingdom |access-date=May 3, 2018 }}{{cbignore}}<br/>{{cite news |last=Marosi |first=Richard |date=August 14, 2009 |title=17 charged in string of brutal kidnappings and slayings in San Diego suburbs |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-mexico-drug-war14-2009aug14-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=March 11, 2020 }}</ref>

In 2014, a survey conducted at the request of the city found that the majority of San Diegans surveyed had a negative perception of the city.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bruno |first=Bianca |date=June 2, 2014 |title=Don't Call Us 'Chulajuana': Chula Vistans' 3 Big Frustrations |url=http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/news/dont-call-us-chulajuana-chula-vistans-3-big-frustrations/ | work=Voice of San Diego |access-date=March 7, 2017 }}<br/>{{cite web |url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/Home/Components/News/News/133/3175?arch=1&npage=6 |title=Survey shows mix of awareness and perceptions about Chula Vista |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=April 18, 2014 |website=News |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 7, 2017 }}</ref> By 2015, there were over 31,000 [[Filipino Americans]] living in Chula Vista;<ref>{{cite news |last=Cana |first=Eliza |date=December 3, 2015 |title=Chula Vista Scholar to the Philippines |url=http://www.theswcsun.com/chula-vista-scholar-to-the-philippines/ |work=The Sun |location=[[Southwestern College (California)|Southwestern College]] |access-date=March 15, 2017 |quote=Chula Vista has quietly become the Philippines 2.0. With nearly 31,244 Pinoy living in the city, according to the American Community Survey in the Census. |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054743/http://www.theswcsun.com/chula-vista-scholar-to-the-philippines/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> they make up the majority of the 48,840 Asian Americans who live in Chula Vista.<ref name="Perspective" /><ref>{{cite report |author=Asian Americans Advancing Justice – Los Angeles |author2=Union of Pan Asian Communities |author3=M. Jamie Watson |author4=Sam Chen |author5=SunDried Penguin |date=2015 |title=A Community of Contrasts |url=http://www.upacsd.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Community-of-Contrasts-Report-6-1-15.pdf |publisher=Union of Pan Asian Communities |access-date=May 10, 2018 }}</ref> In 2017, Chula Vista purchased the Olympic Training Center and renamed it to Elite Athlete Training Center; the United States Olympic Committee plans to continue to use the facility and pay rent to the city.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stimson |first1=Brie |last2=Galindo |first2=Ramon |date=February 25, 2017 |title=Chula Vista Training Center Celebrates Ownership Change |url=http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/Chula-Vista-Training-Center-Celebrates-Ownership-Change-414798083.html |work=KNSD |location=San Diego |access-date=March 7, 2017 }}<br/>{{cite news |last=Alvarez |first=Elizabeth |date=January 24, 2017 |title=Athletic Training Center in Chula Vista expands under new ownership |url=http://www.kusi.com/story/34294292/athletic-training-center-in-chula-vista-expands-under-new-ownership |work=KUSI |location=San Diego |access-date=March 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308215529/http://www.kusi.com/story/34294292/athletic-training-center-in-chula-vista-expands-under-new-ownership |archive-date=March 8, 2017 }}</ref> That same year, a post office in the Eastlake neighborhood was renamed Jonathan "J.D." De Guzman Post Office Building, in honor of a city resident who died while a [[San Diego Police Department]] officer in 2016;<ref>{{cite news |agency=City News Service |date=March 6, 2017 |title=Chula Vista Post Office Dedicated To Fallen SDPD Officer |url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/mar/06/chula-vista-post-office-dedicated-fallen-sdpd-offi/ | work=KPBS |location=San Diego |access-date=March 7, 2017 }}</ref> having immigrated from the [[Philippines]] in 2000,<ref>{{cite news |last=Rie |first=Takumi |date=August 2, 2016 |agency=KBK |title=Fil-Am cop killed in line of duty honored by community |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/576025/news/pinoyabroad/fil-am-cop-killed-in-line-of-duty-honored-by-community#sthash.h98lQVN1.dpuf | work=GMA News |location=Philippines |access-date=March 7, 2017 }}</ref> De Guzman was active in his community in Chula Vista, and went on to serve as a police officer for 16 years until his death.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=July 29, 2016 |title=Gunned-Down San Diego Officer Was a 16-Yr Vet; 2nd Suspect Arrested |url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/07/29/san-diego-police-officer-gunned-down-idd-16-yr-vet-jonathan-deguzman | work=Fox News |location=New York City |access-date=March 7, 2017 }}<br/>{{cite news |last=Peterson |first=Karla |date=July 30, 2016 |title=Slain San Diego police officer remembered as the kind 'every chief would want to have' |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-sd-police-officer-20160730-snap-story.html | work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=March 7, 2017 }}</ref>

The number of reported calls to the Chula Vista Police about issues regarding homeless individuals have increased from 2004 to 2014, with Chula Vista having the largest population of homeless individuals in the South Bay.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sampite-Montecalvo |first=Alison |date=November 14, 2016 |title=Homelessness count up in Chula Vista |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-homelessness-count-up-in-chula-vista-2014nov14-htmlstory.html |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=March 11, 2020 }}</ref> In 2016, it was estimated that there were about 500 homeless individuals in Chula Vista.<ref>{{cite news |last=Luzzaro |first=Susan |title=Chula Vista addresses homeless crisis |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2016/mar/10/stringers-chula-vista-addresses-homeless-crisis/# |work=San Diego Reader |access-date=March 11, 2020 }}</ref> Due to the increase in homeless population, Chula Vista, and other neighboring cities began to pass ordinances on recreational vehicles, and other large vehicles, resulting in a drop of the number of homeless individuals within the city.<ref>{{cite news |last=Halverstadt |first=Lisa |date=May 2, 2017 |title=Chula Vista Sees Homelessness Drop Following Measure Targeting Large Vehicles |url=https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/government/chula-vista-sees-homelessness-drop-measure-targeting-large-vehicles/ |work=Voice of San Diego |access-date=March 11, 2020 }}</ref> By 2018, the number of homeless individuals in Chula Vista was down to 367.<ref>{{cite news |last=Plante |first=Dan |date=September 25, 2018 |title=Chula Vista has homeless shelter crisis; State of California to send millions of dollars |url=https://www.kusi.com/chula-vista-has-homeless-shelter-crisis-state-of-california-to-send-millions-of-dollars/ |work=KUSI |location=San Diego |access-date=March 11, 2020 }}</ref>

In 2018, a proposal was made to develop Rohr Park into something similar to [[Griffith Park]] in Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite news |last=Solis |first=Gustavo |date=August 15, 2018 |title=Chula Vista aims to build South Bay version of Central Park |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/south-county/sd-se-chula-vista-park-20180808-story.html |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=March 1, 2018 }}</ref> A development plan is to [[Chula Vista Bayfront|develop the bayfront]].{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

In 2019, Chula Vista was the first city in California to be certified as a [[sanctuary city]] by the national non-profit "Welcoming America."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hernandez |first=David |date=December 3, 2019 |title=Chula Vista certified as a 'welcoming' city — the first in California |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/south-county/chula-vista/story/2019-12-03/chula-vista-certified-as-a-welcoming-city |access-date=February 16, 2023 |website=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In December 2022, the "Welcoming City" designation was revoked due to concerns about its [[surveillance]] program. The Chula Vista Police Department was sharing license plate reader data with [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement|ICE]] and [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection|CBP]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Solis |first=Gustavo |date=February 15, 2023 |title=Chula Vista is no longer a certified Welcoming City |url=https://www.kpbs.org/news/local/2023/02/14/chula-vista-is-no-longer-a-certified-welcoming-city |access-date=February 16, 2023 |website=KPBS Public Media |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Proctorvalleylake.jpg|thumb|[[Proctor Valley]] in Chula Vista]]

Owning up to its Spanish name origins - ''beautiful view'' - Chula Vista is located in the [[South Bay, San Diego|South Bay]] region of San Diego County, between the foothills of the [[Jamul Mountains|Jamul]] and [[San Ysidro Mountains]] (including [[Lower Otay Reservoir]]) and [[San Diego Bay]] on its east and west extremes, and the [[Sweetwater River (California)|Sweetwater River]] and [[Otay River]] at its north and south extremes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.chula-vista.ca.us/City_Services/Administrative_Services/ITS/GIS/PDF/SDBasinsSM.pdf |title=City of Chula Vista Drainage Basins |date=June 20, 2009 |work=Geographic Information System |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321052432/http://www.ci.chula-vista.ca.us/City_Services/Administrative_Services/ITS/GIS/PDF/SDBasinsSM.pdf |archive-date=March 21, 2012 }}<br/>{{harvnb|Roca|Lipski|1999|p=51}}</ref> The geography of Chula Vista is impacted by the [[La Nacion Fault|La Nacion]] and [[Rose Canyon Fault]] zones;<ref>{{cite map|author =Department of Conservation|title =Fault Activity Map of California|map =Fault Activity Map of California (2010)|map-url =http://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/|year =2010|url =http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/Pages/2010_faultmap.aspx|publisher =State of California|access-date =May 4, 2018|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180505135150/http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/Pages/2010_faultmap.aspx|archive-date =May 5, 2018}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=Arnold Ross|author2=Robert J. Dowlen|title=Studies on the Geology and Geologic Hazards of the Greater San Diego Area, California: A Guidebook Prepared for the May 1973 Field Trip of the San Diego Association of Geologists and the Association of Engineering Geologists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSNAAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA77|year=1973|publisher=San Diego Geological Soc|pages=77–81}}</ref> it has moved rocks from Pleistocene and younger eras.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Artim |first1=Ernst R. |last2=Pinckney |first2=Charles J. |date=March 1973 |title=La Nacion Fault System, San Diego, California |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |volume=84 |issue= 3|pages=1075–1080 |doi= 10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1075:LNFSSD>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=1973GSAB...84.1075A }}<br/>{{cite report |first1=E. R. |last1=Artim |first2=D. |last2=Streiff |date=1981 |title= Trenching the Rose Canyon Fault Zone San Diego, California |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0878/report.pdf |publisher=United States Geographical Survey }}</ref> Yet, as late as 13,000 years ago, soils in the Rancho del Rey area have been unaffected by fault activity.<ref>{{harvnb|Roquemore|1997|pp=31–32}}</ref>

Chula Vista is the second largest city, by area, within [[San Diego County]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Bailey |first=Torrey |date=May 3, 2017 |title=Neighborhood Watch: Chula Vista |url=http://sdcitybeat.com/neighborhoods/neighborhood-watch-chula-vista/ |work= San Diego City Beat |access-date=May 4, 2018 }}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city covers an area of {{convert|52.1|sqmi|km2}}, {{convert|49.6|sqmi|km2}} of it land, and {{convert|2.5|sqmi|km2}} or 4.73% of it water.

===Ecological preserves===
Chula Vista has within its city limits the Sweetwater Marsh unit of the [[San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge|San Diego Bay NWR]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fws.gov/sandiegorefuges/sweetwater.htm |title=Sweetwater Marsh |date=July 9, 2010 |work=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |publisher=United States Department of the Interior |access-date=March 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707031023/http://www.fws.gov/sandiegorefuges/Sweetwater.htm |archive-date=July 7, 2010 }}</ref> It also maintains several city maintained open space areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.chula-vista.ca.us/city_Services/Community_Services/Public_Works_Operations/Open_Space/default.asp |title=Open Space |work=Public Works Operations |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321052425/http://www.ci.chula-vista.ca.us/city_Services/Community_Services/Public_Works_Operations/Open_Space/default.asp |archive-date=March 21, 2012 }}</ref>

===Neighborhoods===

====West Chula Vista====
The original Chula Vista encompasses the area west of Hilltop Drive and north of L Street.<ref name="Perspective"/> The community of Montgomery was annexed by the city, after several failed attempts, in 1986;<ref name="Montgomery"/> The community consists of most of the area south of L Street, west of Hilltop Drive and north of San Diego's city limit.<ref name="Perspective"/> Unlike East Chula Vista, West Chula Vista does not have [[Mello-Roos]], which has been suggested to have led to those not living in West Chula Vista to develop a separate civic identity.<ref>{{cite news |last=Luzzaro |first=Susan |date=September 19, 2012 |title=Chula Vista West Side's No-Mello Divide |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2012/sep/19/citylights1-chula-vista-west-sides-no-mello-divide/ |work=San Diego Reader |access-date=February 28, 2019 }}</ref>

====East Chula Vista====
[[File:West Mother Miguel Mountain panorama.jpg|thumb|Chula Vista as seen from Mother Miguel Mountain.]]
Beginning in the late 1980s the [[planned communities]] of Eastlake, Otay Ranch, Millenia, and Rancho del Rey began to develop in the annexed areas east of [[Interstate 805]] and [[California State Route 125]]. These communities expanded upon the eastern annexations of the 1970s, including the area around [[Southwestern College (California)|Southwestern College]].<ref name="Perspective"/> In 1986, Eastlake began to be built.<ref name=USD2004Otay>{{cite web |url=http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/local/otay.html |title=Otay Valley |last=Schoenherr |first=Steven |date=October 29, 2004 |website=San Diego Local History |publisher=University of San Diego |access-date=May 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509095054/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/local/otay.html |archive-date=May 9, 2008 }}</ref> In 1989, Rancho del Rey was established.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/departments/public-works/operations/open-space/rancho-del-rey |title=Rancho Del Rey |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Open Space |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=May 12, 2018 }}</ref> In 1999, Otay Ranch began to be built on {{convert|23000|acres|km2}}.<ref>{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Candice |date=November 25, 2006 |title=Otay Ranch's victory Lap |url=http://www.sddt.com/News/article.cfm?sourcecode=20061122tbf#.WvcneqQvyM8 |work= San Diego Daily Transcript |access-date=May 12, 2018 }}</ref>

Although "Eastlake" properly refers only to one planned community in east Chula Vista built around an artificial pond, the name is often used to encompass a much broader suburban region along the SR 125 corridor.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Salaam |first=Elizabeth |date=July 31, 2013 |title=What am I doing in Eastlake? |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2013/jul/31/cover-what-am-i-doing-eastlake/ |magazine=San Diego Reader |location= |publisher= |access-date=September 8, 2024}}</ref> This is in part due to the misconception that the lake which the name "Eastlake" refers to is the much larger [[Lower Otay Reservoir]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} Many businesses and institutions throughout east Chula Vista use "Eastlake" in their names.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

In the years around 2008 thousands of [[Tijuana]]'s elite bought houses in and moved to east Chula Vista escaping violence, kidnapping and other crime taking place during that period in the Mexican metropolis only a few miles away. The Los Angeles Times wrote, "So many upper-class Mexican families live in… Eastlake… and Bonita… that… the area is becoming a gilded colony of Mexicans, where speaking English is optional and people can breathe easy cruising around in their Mercedes-Benzes and BMWs."<ref>{{cite news |last=Marosi |first=Richard |date=June 7, 2008 |title=U.S. a haven for Tijuana elite |url=https://www.latimes.com/news/la-me-haven-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=February 15, 2019 }}</ref> In late 2018, a new [[Rapid (San Diego)#South Bay|Rapid]] bus route was created, taking passengers from the [[Otay Mesa Port of Entry]], through eastern Chula Vista, and then into [[downtown San Diego]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=New Rapid Transit Connects South Bay to Downtown, Free Week of Rides |url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/New-Rapid-Transit-Connects-South-Bay-to-Downtown-492041801.html |work=KNSD |location=San Diego |date=August 28, 2018 |access-date=February 15, 2019}}</ref>

===Climate===
Like the rest of lowland [[San Diego County]], Chula Vista has a [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|BSk]]), with [[mediterranean climate|mediterranean]] characteristics, though the winter rainfall is too low and erratic to qualify as an actual Mediterranean climate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sdcounty.ca.gov/ctn/d2eoct03_climate.html |title=Mediterranean Climate |work=County Television Network |publisher=County of San Diego |access-date=March 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218230152/http://www.sdcounty.ca.gov/ctn/d2eoct03_climate.html |archive-date=February 18, 2011 }}</ref>

With a moderate climate where the annual averages seldom oscillate much, there has still been a {{convert|103|F|C}} high and a {{convert|24|F|C}} low recorded since the station's inception in 1918.<ref name=ChulaVistaNOAA/> In 1949, the maximum daytime temperature was just {{convert|44|F|C}} once, the lowest on record.<ref name=ChulaVistaNOAA/> Thanks to the maritime moderation, on average the coldest day is at a very mild {{convert|57|F|C}}.<ref name=ChulaVistaNOAA/> Summer nights are warmer than in coastal climates further north, but cooler than in the hot interior. The warmest low on record is {{convert|78|F|C}} in 2016, while the warmest average night between 1991 and 2020 stood at {{convert|72|F|C}}.<ref name=ChulaVistaNOAA/>

{{Weather box
| location    = Chula Vista, California (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1918–present)
| single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 90
|Feb record high F = 93
|Mar record high F = 93
|Apr record high F = 91
|May record high F = 91
|Jun record high F = 92
|Jul record high F = 93
|Aug record high F = 96
|Sep record high F = 103
|Oct record high F = 101
|Nov record high F = 98
|Dec record high F = 86
|year record high F = 103
|Jan avg record high F = 81.2
|Feb avg record high F = 80.3
|Mar avg record high F = 81.7
|Apr avg record high F = 82.1
|May avg record high F = 80.1
|Jun avg record high F = 80.1
|Jul avg record high F = 82.9
|Aug avg record high F = 86.6
|Sep avg record high F = 92.4
|Oct avg record high F = 89.5
|Nov avg record high F = 86.7
|Dec avg record high F = 79.1
|year avg record high F = 94.7
| Jan high F = 67.5
| Feb high F = 66.8
| Mar high F = 67.0
| Apr high F = 68.4
| May high F = 68.9
| Jun high F = 71.0
| Jul high F = 74.6
| Aug high F = 76.9
| Sep high F = 77.1
| Oct high F = 74.9
| Nov high F = 71.1
| Dec high F = 66.5
| year high F = 70.9
| Jan mean F = 57.0
| Feb mean F = 57.5
| Mar mean F = 59.2
| Apr mean F = 61.0
| May mean F = 63.4
| Jun mean F = 66.1
| Jul mean F = 69.7
| Aug mean F = 71.3
| Sep mean F = 70.6
| Oct mean F = 66.7
| Nov mean F = 61.0
| Dec mean F = 56.2
| year mean F = 63.3
| Jan low F = 46.5
| Feb low F = 48.3
| Mar low F = 51.4
| Apr low F = 53.5
| May low F = 58.0
| Jun low F = 61.2
| Jul low F = 64.7
| Aug low F = 65.8
| Sep low F = 64.0
| Oct low F = 58.5
| Nov low F = 50.9
| Dec low F = 46.0
| year low F = 55.7
|Jan avg record low F = 38.0
|Feb avg record low F = 40.2
|Mar avg record low F = 43.0
|Apr avg record low F = 46.3
|May avg record low F = 51.5
|Jun avg record low F = 56.0
|Jul avg record low F = 59.9
|Aug avg record low F = 61.0
|Sep avg record low F = 56.2
|Oct avg record low F = 49.5
|Nov avg record low F = 42.1
|Dec avg record low F = 37.4
|year avg record low F = 34.8
|Jan record low F = 24
|Feb record low F = 29
|Mar record low F = 32
|Apr record low F = 36
|May record low F = 41
|Jun record low F = 43
|Jul record low F = 51
|Aug record low F = 53
|Sep record low F = 43
|Oct record low F = 36
|Nov record low F = 33
|Dec record low F = 28
|year record low F = 24
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 1.82
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.33
| Mar precipitation inch = 1.39
| Apr precipitation inch = 0.67
| May precipitation inch = 0.27
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.05
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.06
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.01
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.09
| Oct precipitation inch = 0.36
| Nov precipitation inch = 0.57
| Dec precipitation inch = 1.58
| year precipitation inch = 9.20
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 5.0
|Feb precipitation days = 6.8
|Mar precipitation days = 5.0
|Apr precipitation days = 3.3
|May precipitation days = 1.4
|Jun precipitation days = 0.4
|Jul precipitation days = 0.3
|Aug precipitation days = 0.3
|Sep precipitation days = 0.5
|Oct precipitation days = 1.3
|Nov precipitation days = 2.8
|Dec precipitation days = 5.4
|year precipitation days=
| source 1 = NOAA<ref name = ChulaVistaNOAA >{{cite web |url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=sgx |title = NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher= [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date = August 3, 2022}}</ref><ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00041758&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Chula Vista, CA
|access-date = May 24, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1920 = 1718
| 1930 = 3869
| 1940 = 5138
| 1950 = 15927
| 1960 = 42034
| 1970 = 67901
| 1980 = 83927
| 1990 = 135163
| 2000 = 173556
| 2010 = 243916
| 2020 = 275487
| estyear = 2024
| estimate = 278546
| estref = <ref>{{cite web | title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts | url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/chulavistacitycalifornia/PST045224 }}</ref>
| align-fn = center
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br>1860–1870<ref name=1870CensusCA1>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-12.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=1870CensusCA2>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County  |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1880–1890<ref name=1890CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1890/bulletins/demographics/134-population-of-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1900<ref name=1900CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/10-population-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1910<ref name=1910CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1920<ref name=1920CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1920/bulletins/demographics/population-ca-number-of-inhabitants.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1930<ref name=1930CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-1/03815512v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1940<ref name=1940CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-08.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1960<ref name=1960CensusCA1>{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-06-d.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=1960CensusCA2>{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-06-c.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1970<ref name=1970CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ca1-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caAB-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1990<ref name=1990CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
2000<ref name=2000CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}

===2022 American Community Survey===
{{As of|2022|pre=the}} [[American Community Survey]] estimates, there were {{formatnum:279158}} people and {{formatnum:85487}} households.<ref name=DP02>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP1Y2022.DP02?g=160XX00US0613392 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Selected Social Characteristics in the United States for Chula Vista city, CA | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=DP05>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP1Y2022.DP05?g=160XX00US0613392 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Demographic and Housing Estimates for Chula Vista city, CA | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|5623.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were {{formatnum:89711}} housing units at an average density of {{convert|1807.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}.<ref name=Gaz2023>To calculate density we use the land area figure from the places file in {{cite web| url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html | title = The 2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files}}</ref><ref name=B25001>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2022.B25001?g=160XX00US0613392 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Housing Units for Chula Vista city, CA | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=DP05/> The racial makeup of the city was 25.1%&nbsp;White, 23.0%&nbsp;some other race, 12.6%&nbsp;Asian, 5.0%&nbsp;Black or African American, 2.0%&nbsp;Native American or Alaskan Native, and 0.5%&nbsp;Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, with 31.7%&nbsp;from two or more races.<ref name=DP05/> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics or Latinos]] of any race were 64.9%&nbsp;of the population.<ref name=DP05/>

Of the {{formatnum:85487}} households, 43.0%&nbsp;had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.1%&nbsp;had seniors 65 years or older living with them, 54.5%&nbsp;were married couples living together, 6.9%&nbsp;were couples cohabitating, 13.1%&nbsp;had a male householder with no partner present, and 25.6%&nbsp;had a female householder with no partner present.<ref name=DP02/> The median household size was {{formatnum:3.25}} and the median family size was {{formatnum:3.64}}.<ref name=DP02/>

The age distribution was 25.8%&nbsp;under 18, 9.7%&nbsp;from 18 to 24, 28.4%&nbsp;from 25 to 44, 23.8%&nbsp;from 45 to 64, and 12.3%&nbsp;who were 65 or older. The median age was {{formatnum:35.9}} years.<ref name=S0101>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S0101?g=160XX00US0613392 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Age and Sex for Chula Vista city, CA | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> For every 100 females, there were {{formatnum:95.8}} males.<ref name=DP05/>

The median income for a household was ${{formatnum:101190}}, with family households having a median income of ${{formatnum:107238}} and non-family households ${{formatnum:49392}}. The [[per capita income]] was ${{formatnum:36572}}.<ref name=S1902>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1902?g=160XX00US0613392 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Mean Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2022 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for Chula Vista city, CA | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=S1901>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1901?g=160XX00US0613392 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2022 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for Chula Vista city, CA | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Out of the {{formatnum:277336}} people with a determined poverty status, 10.1%&nbsp;were below the [[poverty line]]. Further, 13.0%&nbsp;of minors and 10.2%&nbsp;of seniors were below the poverty line.<ref name=S1701>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1701?g=160XX00US0613392 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months for Chula Vista city, CA | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

In the survey, residents self-identified with various ethnic ancestries. People of [[German American|German]] descent made up 3.4%&nbsp;of the population of the town, followed by [[Irish American|Irish]] at 3.1%, [[English American|English]] at 2.3%, [[Italian American|Italian]] at 2.0%, [[French American|French]] at 1.3%, [[American ancestry|American]] at 1.1%, [[Caribbean American|Caribbean (excluding Hispanics)]] at 0.8%, [[Polish American|Polish]] at 0.8%, [[Arab American|Arab]] at 0.6%, [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n at 0.6%, [[Swedish American|Swedish]] at 0.6%, and [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]] at 0.5%.<ref name=DP02/>

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Chula Vista, California – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Chula Vista city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US0613392&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Chula Vista city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0613392&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Chula Vista city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0613392&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|55,042
|49,641
|style='background: #ffffe6; |43,720
|31.71%
|20.35%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |15.87%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|7,517
|9,972
|style='background: #ffffe6; |12,703
|4.33%
|4.09%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.61%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|593
|600
|style='background: #ffffe6; |488
|0.34%
|0.25%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.18%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|18,410
|33,581
|style='background: #ffffe6; |40,841
|10.61%
|13.77%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |14.83%
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|883
|1,105
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,140
|0.51%
|0.45%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.41%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|273
|360
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,175
|0.16%
|0.15%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.43%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|4,765
|6,591
|style='background: #ffffe6; |10,722
|2.75%
|2.70%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.89%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|86,073
|142,066
|style='background: #ffffe6; |164,698
|49.59%
|58.24%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |59.78%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''173,556'''
|'''243,916'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''275,487'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

===2010===
The [[2010 United States census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0613392|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715024118/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0613392|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Chula Vista city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Chula Vista had a population of 243,916. The population density was {{convert|4,682.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Chula Vista was 130,991 (53.7%) White, 11,219 (4.6%) African American, 1,880 (0.8%) Native American, 35,042 (14.4%) Asian, 1,351 (0.6%) Pacific Islander, 49,171 (20.2%) from other races, and 14,262 (5.8%) from two or more races. There were 142,066 Hispanic or Latino residents, of any race (58.2%).

The census reported that 242,180 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 656 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,080 (0.4%) were institutionalized.

There were 75,515 households, out of which 36,064 (47.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 42,153 (55.8%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 12,562 (16.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 4,693 (6.2%) had a male householder with no wife present.  There were 3,720 (4.9%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 502 (0.7%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 12,581 households (16.7%) were made up of individuals, and 4,997 (6.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.21.  There were 59,408 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (78.7% of all households); the average family size was 3.60.

There were 68,126 people (27.9%) under the age of 18, 24,681 people (10.1%) aged 18 to 24, 70,401 people (28.9%) aged 25 to 44, 56,269 people (23.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 24,439 people (10.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

There were 79,416 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,524.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 43,855 (58.1%) were owner-occupied, and 31,660 (41.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.5%. 143,330 people (58.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 98,850 people (40.5%) lived in rental housing units.

===Late 20th century===
In 2000, the city's population was 173,556. The racial make up of the city during the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]] was 55.1% White, 22.1% other, 11% Asian, 5.8% of two or more races, 4.6% African American, 0.8% Native American, and 0.6% Pacific Islander. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 49.6%. Of these individuals, 28.7% were under the age of 18.<ref name="Census2000">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0613392.html |title=Chula Vista (city), California |date=July 8, 2009 |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805160535/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0613392.html |archive-date=August 5, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_DP1&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_lang=en&-geo_id=16000US0613392 |title=DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 |work=Census 2000 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200210210746/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_DP1&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_lang=en&-geo_id=16000US0613392 |archive-date=February 10, 2020 }}</ref>

In 1990, the city's population was 135,163. The racial make up of the city during the [[1990 United States census|1990 census]] was 67.7% White, 8.2% Asian, 4.5% African American, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 0.6% Native American, and 18.1% of other races,. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 37.2%. Of these individuals, 26% were under the age of 18.<ref name="1990Census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |title=Detailed Tables |work=1990 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census |access-date=March 9, 2011 }}</ref>

In 1980, the city's population was 83,927.<ref name="1980C">{{cite web |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caAB-01.pdf |title=Number of Inhabitants, California |date=March 1982 |work=1980 Census of Population |publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census |access-date=March 9, 2011}}</ref> The racial make up of the city during the [[1980 United States census|1980 census]] was 83.1% White, 6.1% Asian and Pacific Islander, 2.1% African American, and 0.7% Native American, and 7.9% of other races. People of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 23.4% of the population.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caCs1-01.pdf |title=General Social and Economic Characteristics |date=July 1983 |work=1980 Census of Population |publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census |access-date=March 9, 2011}}</ref>

==Economy==
Chula Vista maintains a business atmosphere that encourages growth and development.<ref name="business"/> In the city, the small business sector amounts for the majority of Chula Vista's business populace.<ref name="business"/> This small business community is attributed to the city's growth and serves as a stable base for its economic engine.<ref name="business">{{cite web|title=City of Chula Vista: Small Business |url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/City_Services/Development_Services/RedevHousing/SmallBusinesses/default.asp |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927233733/http://www.chulavistaca.gov/City_Services/Development_Services/RedevHousing/SmallBusinesses/default.asp |archive-date=September 27, 2011 }}</ref>

In 2001 [[Dai Nippon Printing]] (DNP) stated that concentration of various ethnic groups in Chula Vista, which had multiple Japanese businesses and services, was one reason why the company chose to open an office there.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cruz|first=Manny|title=Major Japanese Firm to Establish subsidiary in CV|newspaper=[[The Star-News]]|place=Chula Vista, California|date=November 23, 2001|volume=120|issue=47|pages=1, 7}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94491104/ See first] and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94491118/ second page at] [[Newspapers.com]].</ref>

[[File:Chulamall1.jpg|thumb|upright|The Chula Vista [[shopping center]]]]

===Tourism===
Tourism serves as an economic engine for Chula Vista. The city has numerous dining, shopping, and cinema experiences.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shopping in Chula Vista |url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/Attraction/shopping.asp |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629054951/http://www.chulavistaca.gov/Attraction/shopping.asp |archive-date=June 29, 2011 }}</ref> As with many California cities, Chula Vista features many golf courses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Golf Courses in Chula Vista |url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/Attraction/golf.asp |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903012901/http://www.chulavistaca.gov/Attraction/golf.asp |archive-date=September 3, 2011 }}</ref> Some of the city's notable attractions included the [[Living Coast Discovery Center]], [[Otay Valley Regional Park]], [[North Island Credit Union Amphitheatre]], [[OnStage Playhouse]], Chula Vista Marina, [[Sesame Place (San Diego)|Sesame Place San Diego]], and the Chula Vista Elite Athlete Training Center.<ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://trainatchulavista.com/about-olympic-athlete-training-site/ |access-date=September 1, 2023 |website=Chula Vista Elite Athletic Training Center |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="tourism">{{cite web|title=Chula Vista Attractions |url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/Attraction/default.asp |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829233432/http://www.chulavistaca.gov/Attraction/default.asp |archive-date=August 29, 2011 }}</ref> The Nature Center is home to interactive exhibits describing geologic and historic aspects of the Sweetwater Marsh and [[San Diego Bay]]. The center has exhibits on sharks, rays, waterbirds, birds of prey, insects, and flora.<ref name="tourism"/> Otay Valley Regional Park is located partially within Chula Vista, where it covers the area of a natural [[river valley]].

The marina at Chula Vista is located in [[South Bay, San Diego|South Bay]] including multiple marinas and being home to the [[Chula Vista Yacht Club]]. Sports fishing and whale watching charters operate the regional bay area. The Chula Vista Elite Athlete Training Center assists current and future elite athletes<ref name="About"/> in [[archery]], [[rowing (sport)|rowing]], [[kayaking]], [[soccer]] (association football), [[softball]], [[field hockey]], [[tennis]], [[track and field]], and [[cycle sport|cycling]].<ref name="tourism"/>

[[Chula Vista Center]] is the city's main shopping mall, opened in 1962.

In 2025, the [[Gaylord Pacific Resort & Convention Center]] opened in Chula Vista. It is one of the largest hotels in California.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hoteldive.com/news/gaylord-convention-hotel-opens-california/748327/|title=Marriott opens $1.3B resort, convention center in California &#124; Hotel Dive|website=www.hoteldive.com}}</ref>

===Top employers===
According to the city's 2024 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>{{cite web |title=City of Chula Vista, California Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, for the Year ended June 30, 2024 |url=https://www.chulavistaca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/28960/638702251229400000 |access-date=September 27, 2021}}</ref> the top employers in the city are:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Employer
! Employees
|-
| 1
|[[Sweetwater Union High School District]]
|3,983
|-
| 2
| [[Chula Vista Elementary School District]]
|3,923
|-
| 3
|[[Sharp Chula Vista Medical Center]]
|3,114
|-
| 4
| [[Southwestern College (California)|Southwestern College]]
|1,994
|-
| 5
| [[Walmart]]
|1,451
|-
| 6
| City of Chula Vista
|1,443
|-
| 7
|[[Rohr, Inc.|Rohr Inc./Goodrich Aerospace]]
|1,303
|-
| 8
| [[Scripps Health|Scripps Mercy Hospital Chula Vista]]
|1,073
|-
|9
|SBCS Corporation
|1,004
|-
| 10
| [[Costco]]
|777
|}

==Arts and culture==
Chula Vista is home to [[OnStage Playhouse]], the only live theater in [[South Bay, San Diego]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofsandiego.com/arts/2023/06/16/onstage-playhouse-prepares-for-fundraising-play-as-rent-continues-to-rise/|title=OnStage Playhouse, the South Bay's Only Live Theater, Staging Special Fundraising Production|first=Elizabeth|last=Ireland|work=[[Times of San Diego]]|date=June 16, 2023|access-date=March 13, 2024}}</ref>
[[File:Obama Little League.jpg|thumb|[[Barack Obama]] with the Chula Vista team that won the [[2009 Little League World Series]]]] Other points of interest and events include the Chula Vista Nature Center,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/City_Services/Community_Services/Nature_Center/default.asp |title=Nature Center |work=Community Services |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=November 9, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107072946/http://www.chulavistaca.gov/City_Services/Community_Services/Nature_Center/default.asp |archive-date=November 7, 2009 }}</ref> the J Street Harbor,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sdboating.com/chulav.htm |title=Chula Vista Launch Ramp |publisher=SD Boating.com |access-date=November 9, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016084522/http://www.sdboating.com/chulav.htm |archive-date=October 16, 2010 }}</ref> and the Third Avenue Village.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thirdavenuevillage.com/ |title=Third Avenue Village |publisher=Third Avenue Village Association |access-date=November 7, 2009 }}</ref> Downtown Chula Vista hosts a number of cultural events, including the famous Lemon Festival, Starlight Parade, and Chula Vista Rose Festival. North Island Credit Union Amphitheater is a performing arts theatre that was the areas first major concert music facility.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lothspeich |first=Dustin |date=November 2, 2018 |title=Mattress Firm Amphitheatre Gets New Name |url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/mattress-firm-amphitheatre-live-nation-north-island-credit-union-california-credit-union-coors-amphitheatre/50747/ |work=KNSD |location=San Diego |access-date=December 26, 2019 }}</ref> [[OnStage Playhouse]] produces [[community theatre]] productions.<ref name="tourism"/><ref>{{cite news |author-first1=Julie|author-last1=Musbach|title=OnStage Playhouse Launches Community Conversation About Gun Violence |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/san-diego/article/OnStage-Playhouse-Launches-Community-Conversation-About-Gun-Violence-20180507 |work=Broadway World |date=May 7, 2018 |access-date=December 26, 2019 }}<br/>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Meet Teri Brown of OnStage Playhouse in Chula Vista |url=http://sdvoyager.com/interview/meet-teri-brown-onstage-playhouse-chula-vista/ |magazine=SD Voyager |publisher=Voyage Group of Magazines |date=January 25, 2018 |access-date=December 26, 2019 }}</ref>

==Sports==
Chula Vista is the site of the Chula Vista Elite Athlete Training Center, formerly the Olympic Training Center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teamusa.org/pages/1375 |title=Chula Vista Olympic Training Ctr |publisher=United States Olympic Committee |access-date=November 9, 2009 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20100131012409/http://www.teamusa.org/pages/1375 |archive-date=January 31, 2010 }}</ref> The [[United States national rugby sevens team|U.S. national rugby team]] practices at the OTC. Chula Vista is also home to [[Chula Vista FC]] which gained national attention with its [[2015 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup]] run.<ref name="Chula Vista FC Aiming to Continue Upstart Beginning to 2015 USOC" >{{cite web
 |url= http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/05/27/08/27/150527-usoc-r3-chula-vista-feat
 |title=Chula Vista FC Aiming to Continue Upstart Beginning to 2015 USOC
 |work=ussoccer.com
 |access-date=September 27, 2015
}}</ref>

In 2009 Parkview Little League won the [[2009 Little League World Series]], earning the nickname "The Blue Bombers".

In 2013 Eastlake Little League won the American Championship at the [[2013 Little League World Series]].

In 2018, Rebels SC soccer club formed the first ever United Premier Soccer League team for the city. They played in the San Diego County League for the first two years and won the second Division before covid stopped the 2019–20 season. The Rebels SC adult team were able to win the Fall 2021 South San Diego Division and reach the National Finals but ultimately losing to FC Arizona in the round of 32.

==Government==
{{see also|Government of San Diego County, California}}

===Municipal government===
The City of Chula Vista is a California [[charter city]] operating under the [[council–manager government]] form. The council is composed of four members elected from geographic districts and led by a mayor who is elected by the entire city. The city council serves as the legislative body of the city, and it appoints a city manager to serve as chief administrator.<ref>{{cite web |title=Functions and Duties |url=https://www.chulavistaca.gov/departments/mayor-and-council/functions-and-duties |website=City of Chula Vista |access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> Presently the city council is led by Mayor John McCann. It has four other members:  Carolina Chavez (District 1),{{efn|District 1 contains: Bonita Long Canyon, Eastlake, Rancho Del Rey, and Rolling Hills Ranch.}} Jose Preciado (District 2),{{efn|District 2 contains: Northwest Chula Vista (Bayfront, Central, and Hilltop) and Terra Nova.}}  Michael Inzunza (District 3),{{efn|District 3 contains: Greg Rogers, Otay Ranch, Rancho Del Rey, Sunbow.}} and  Cesar Fernandez (District 4).{{efn|District 4 contains: Southwest Chula Vista, Castlepark, Harborside, and Otay.}}<ref>{{cite web | title= Chula Vista City Council Districts |url=https://www.chulavistaca.gov/departments/city-clerk/chula-vista-districting |website=City of Chula Vista |access-date=April 17, 2022}}</ref><ref name=cc/> Each city council member is elected from a single-member district. Elections follow a [[two-round system]]. The first round of the election is called the [[Partisan primary|primary election]]. The top-two candidates in the primary election advance to a runoff election, called the [[general election]]. [[Write-in candidate]]s are only allowed to contest the primary election and are not allowed in the general election. Council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elections|url=https://www.chulavistaca.gov/departments/city-clerk/elections}}</ref> City council seats are all officially non-partisan by state law, although most members identify a party preference. The most recent general election was held in November 2024 for Districts 3 and 4. The next elections for these seats will be held in 2028. General elections for Mayor and Districts 1 and 2 were last held in November 2022. The next election for these seats will be in 2026.

According to the city's most recent Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $462.4&nbsp;million in Revenues, $329.6&nbsp;million in expenditures, $2.059 billion in total assets and $623.0&nbsp;million in total liabilities. [https://www.chulavistaca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/28960/638702251229400000 City of Chula Vista CAFR]

===Politics===
Following 2021 [[redistricting]] by the [[California Citizens Redistricting Commission]], the city's federal representation is entirely within the [[California's 52nd congressional district|52nd congressional district]].<ref>{{cite news |title=State GOP Chairman Slams Remap Plan as Favoring Democrats |author=Ken Stone |author2=Hoa Quách |author3=Steven Bartholow |url=http://lamesa.patch.com/articles/state-gop-chairman-slams-remap-plan-as-favoring-democrats |newspaper=LaMesa-MountHelix Patch |date=July 29, 2011 |access-date=July 3, 2012}}</ref> In the [[California State Senate]], the city is entirely within the [[California's 18th State Senate district|18th Senate]] district. In the [[California State Assembly]], it is entirely within the [[California's 80th State Assembly district|80th Assembly]] district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Maps |url=https://www.wedrawthelinesca.org/final_maps |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=We Draw the Lines CA |language=en}}</ref>

At the state and federal levels, Chula Vista is represented entirely by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]s. In the State Senate, Chula Vista is represented by {{Representative|casd|18|fmt=spfl}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Senators |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators?sort=district-a |access-date=May 10, 2023 |publisher=California State Senate}}</ref>  In the Assembly, it is represented by {{Representative|caad|80|fmt=spfl}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Members |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |access-date=May 10, 2023 |publisher=California State Assembly}}</ref> In the [[United States Senate]], it is represented by [[Alex Padilla]] and [[Adam Schiff]], and in the [[United States House of Representatives]], it is represented by  {{Representative|cacd|52|fmt=pfl}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|52}}</ref>

{{As of|2013|01}}, out of the city's total population, 114,125 are registered to vote, up from 103,985 in 2009; the three largest registered parties in the city are the Democratic Party with 47,986, [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] with 31,633, and [[Decline to State]] with 29,692.<ref>{{cite web| title=Report of Registration - State Reporting Districts | url=http://www.sdcounty.ca.gov/voters/Eng/reports/current_reg_report.pdf | work=Registrar of Voters | publisher=County of San Diego | date=January 14, 2013 | access-date=January 26, 2013}}</ref> In a survey conducted by The Bay Area Center for Voting Research in 2004, it found that Chula Vista had a 50.59% [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] vote compared to a 49.41% [[Liberalism in the United States|liberal]] vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alt.coxnewsweb.com/statesman/metro/081205libs.pdf |title=The Most Conservative and Liberal Cities in the United States |author=Jason Alderman |author2=Gitanjali Gurudatt Borkar |author3=Amanda Garrett |author4=Lindsay Hogan |author5=Janet Kim |author6=Winston Le |author7=Veronica Louie |author8=Alissa Marque |author9=Phil Reiff |author10=Colin Christopher Richard |author11=Peter Thai |author12=Tania Wang |author13=Craig Wickersham |publisher=The Bay Area Center for Voting Research |access-date=July 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720230956/http://alt.coxnewsweb.com/statesman/metro/081205libs.pdf |archive-date=July 20, 2011 }}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:SUHSD Front.jpg|right|thumb|[[Sweetwater Union High School District|SUHSD]] headquarters]]
Most of Chula Vista is in the [[Chula Vista Elementary School District]], while a few blocks are within the [[National Elementary School District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06073_san_diego/DC20SD_C06073.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: San Diego County, CA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|page=5 (PDF p. 6/7)|access-date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> The [[Sweetwater Union High School District]], headquartered in Chula Vista, serves as the secondary school district.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sweetwater Union High School District |url=http://www.suhsd.k12.ca.us/ |publisher=SUHSD |access-date=March 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328032117/http://www.suhsd.k12.ca.us/ |archive-date=March 28, 2010 }}</ref> The Chula Vista Elementary School District, the largest K-6 district in the State of California, with 44 campuses, serves publicly educated [[kindergarten]] through sixth grade students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chulavistachamber.org/PDF/CommunitySection.pdf |title=Community |work=2011 Membership & Resource Guide |publisher=Chula Vista Chamber of Commerce |access-date=July 25, 2011 |quote=Located between the City of San Diego and United States/Mexico International Border, the Chula Vista Elementary School District is the largest K-6 district in the state |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313053852/http://www.chulavistachamber.org/PDF/CommunitySection.pdf |archive-date=March 13, 2012 }}</ref>

Chula Vista is home to [[Chula Vista Christian University]] (CVCU), one of the four [[private university|private colleges]] in San Diego County, and is host to [[Southwestern College (California)|Southwestern College]], a [[community college]] founded in 1961 that serves approximately 19,000 students annually.

The city has been trying since 1986 to get a university located in the city.<ref>{{cite news |last=Srikrishnan |first=Maya |date=October 27, 2015 |title=Chula Vista Is a College Town in Search of a College |url=http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/land-use/chula-vista-is-a-college-town-in-search-of-a-college/ | work=Voice of San Diego |access-date=March 7, 2017 |quote=South Bay residents longed for a four-year school of their own at least as far back as 1986. }}</ref> In 1993, the city adopted the Otay Ranch General Development Plan, which included a four-year university as a part of its vision.<ref name="plan">{{cite news|url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2012/dec/17/chula-vista-picks-developer-for-university-master/|title=Chula Vista picks developer for university master plan|last=Harvey|first=Katherine P.|date=December 17, 2012|work=San Diego Union Tribune|access-date=September 5, 2014}}</ref> In 2012, the city acquired a {{convert|375|acre|ha|adj=on}} parcel of land in the Otay Lakes area intended for the development of a University Park and Research Center, and chose a master developer for the project;<ref name=plan/> who later backed out of the project.<ref>{{cite news |last=Moreno |first=Robert |date=November 7, 2015 |title=HomeFed backs out of university development |url=http://www.thestarnews.com/chula-vista/homefed-backs-out-of-university-development/ | work=The Star News |location=Chula Vista |access-date=March 7, 2017 }}</ref> State Assemblymember [[Shirley Weber]] has proposed that the state open a satellite or extension campus of the California State University system at the site, with the hope that it will grow into a full university.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2014/aug/04/assemblywoman-shirley-weber-wants-make-chula-vista/|title=Assemblywoman Shirley Weber Wants To Make Chula Vista University A Reality|last=Bowler|first=Matthew|date=August 4, 2014|work=KPBS|access-date=September 5, 2014}}</ref> CVCU was founded in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/education/story/2020-04-14/private-christian-university-will-open-this-fall-in-chula-vista|title=Private Christian university will open this fall in Chula Vista|first=Gary|last=Robbins|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=April 14, 2020|access-date=March 14, 2024}}</ref>

==Media==
Chula Vista is served by ''[[The Star-News (Chula Vista)|The Star-News]]'' and ''[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]''.

==Infrastructure==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2025}}

===Transportation===
{{see also|Transportation in San Diego County}}

====Major freeways and highways====
Chula Vista is served by multiple [[Interstates]] and [[California State Route]]s. [[Interstate 5 in California|Interstate 5]] begins to the south of the city and runs through its western edge. Interstate 5 connects Chula Vista to [[North County, San Diego|North County]] and beyond to [[Greater Los Angeles Area|Greater Los Angeles]] and [[Northern California]]. [[Interstate 805]] serves as a bypass to Interstate 5, linking to the latter interstate in [[Sorrento Valley, San Diego|Sorrento Valley]]. [[California State Route 54|State Route 54]] and [[California State Route 125|State Route 125]] serve as highways to [[East County, San Diego|East County]] cities via northern and northeastern corridors.

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Chula Vista, California}}

==Sister cities==
Chula Vista has two [[sister cities]], as designated by [[Sister Cities International]]:<ref name="sistercities">{{cite web|title=SCI: Sister City Directory |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/directory/USlistingsResults.cfm |publisher=Sister Cities International |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329032953/http://www.sister-cities.org/directory/USlistingsResults.cfm |archive-date=March 29, 2010 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! City
! Province/State/Prefecture
! Country
|-
| [[Irapuato]]
| [[Guanajuato]]
| Mexico
|-
| [[Odawara]]
| [[Kanagawa]]
| Japan
|}

==See also==
<!-- do not place {{Portal bar}} in see also section, see [[Template:Portal bar/doc]] -->
* [[List of U.S. cities with large Hispanic populations]]
* [[Mayoral elections in Chula Vista, California]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last1=Berta |first1=Annalisa |title=The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution |date=2017 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-1-4214-2326-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=knw6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT230 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Carpenter |first1=Allan |title=Facts about the cities |date=1992 |publisher=H.W. Wilson |isbn=978-0-8242-0800-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lD5HAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}
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* {{cite book |last1=Guevarra |first1=Rudy P. Jr |title=Becoming Mexipino: Multiethnic Identities and Communities in San Diego |date=2012 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-5326-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZITVWnCf8KkC&pg=PA45 |language=en}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.chulavistaca.gov/home/showdocument?id=7579 |title=They made Chula Vista History!: Saburo Muraoka |first=Jeri Gulbransen |last=Gustafsson |editor-first=Donna |editor-last=Golden |date=2011 |website=Altrusa Club of Chula Vista Inc. Foundation |publisher=City of Chula Vista }}
* {{cite book |last1=Hamersly |first1=Lewis Randolph |title=Records of Living Officers of the United States Army |date=1883 |publisher=Hamersly |isbn=978-0-7222-9398-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-VCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA136 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Gregory O. |title=The American Sailboat |date=2001 |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-7603-1002-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdrQgPmhLdsC&pg=PT92 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Katz |editor1-first=Bruce |editor2-last=Lang |editor2-first=Robert E. |title=Redefining Urban and Suburban America: Evidence from Census 2000 |date=2004 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |isbn=978-0-8157-4858-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhfBrybEDYAC&q=1950+population+chula+vista&pg=PA106 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=McGrew |first1=Clarence Alan |title=City of San Diego and San Diego County: The Birthplace of California |date=1922 |publisher=American Historical Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G8cUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32 |language=en}}
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* {{cite book |last1=Patacsil |first1=Judy |last2=Guevarra |first2=Rudy Jr |last3=Tuyay |first3=Felix |title=Filipinos in San Diego |date=2010 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-8001-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8sRIb1vuooC&pg=PA22 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Price |first1=George Frederic |title=Across the Continent with the Fifth Cavalry |date=1883 |publisher=D. Van Nostrand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGtGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA445 |language=en}}
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*{{cite web |url=http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/local/cv/bib.html |title=Chula Vista Centennial History Bibliography |last=Schoenherr |first=Steve |date=March 11, 2010 |publisher=University of San Diego |access-date=May 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503135625/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/local/cv/bib.html |archive-date=May 3, 2018 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last1=Showley |first1=Roger M. |title=San Diego: Perfecting Paradise |date=1999 |publisher=Heritage Media Corporation |isbn=978-1-886483-24-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWf4OGjIRcUC |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Kimball |title=The Coyote's Bicycle: The Untold Story of 7,000 Bicycles and the Rise of a Borderland Empire |date=2016 |publisher=Tin House Books |isbn=978-1-941040-21-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hABtCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT37 |language=en}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Scharf |first1=Thomas L. |title=Before the War: The Japanese In San Diego |journal=San Diego Historical Society Quarterly |date=1978 |volume=24 |issue=4 |url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/1978/october/beforeimages/ }}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Zhao |editor1-first=Xiaojian |editor2-last=Park |editor2-first=Edward J. W. |title=Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History [3 volumes] |date=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-240-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3AxIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1042 |language=en}}
* {{cite magazine |year=2011 |title=Agenda |journal=San Diego Magazine |volume=63 |issue=5–8 |issn=0036-4045 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQEYB7iCQWAC&q=%22Chula+Vista%22+%22Lemon+Capital%22&pg=PT133 |access-date=March 29, 2013 |ref={{harvid|San Diego Magazine|2011}} }}
* {{cite book |title=The Great Southwest: A Monthly Journal of Horticulture |date=1889 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kChIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR4-IA85 |ref={{harvid|The Great Southwest|1889}} |language=en}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* [https://www.chulavista.com Chula Vista Community Web]
{{Chula Vista, California}}
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[[Category:Chula Vista, California| ]]
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