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{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Città di Castello
| official_name       = Comune di Città di Castello
| native_name         = 
| image_skyline       = Città di Castello Panorama.jpg
| imagesize           = 
| image_alt           = 
| image_caption       = Panoramic view of Città di Castello
| image_shield        = Città di Castello-Stemma.svg
| shield_alt          = 
| image_map           = Map of comune of Città di Castello (province of Perugia, region Umbria, Italy).svg
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = Città di Castello within the Province of Perugia
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map         = Italy Umbria#Italy
| coordinates         = {{coord|43|27|39|N|12|14|38|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region              = [[Umbria]]
| province            = [[Province of Perugia|Perugia]] (PG)
| frazioni            = see [[#Frazioni|list]]
| mayor_party         = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]
| mayor               = Luca Secondi (Baron of Monte Ruperto)
| area_footnotes      = 
| area_total_km2      = 387.53
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total    = 39 286
| population_as_of    = 2019
| pop_density_footnotes = 
| population_demonym  = Tifernati
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m         = 288
| saint               = Saint Florido, [[Saint Veronica Giuliani]]
| day                 = [[13 November]], [[9 July]] respectively
| postal_code         = 06012, 06018
| area_code           = 075
| website             = {{official website|http://www.cdcnet.net/}}
| footnotes           = 
}}
'''Città di Castello''' ({{IPA|it|tʃitˈta ddi kasˈtɛllo}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dipionline.it/dizionario/ricerca?lemma=Citt%C3%A0%20di%20Castello |title=Dizionario di pronuncia italiana online|last=Canepari|first=Luciano| access-date=1 May 2015 |language=it}}</ref> {{lit|Castle Town}}) is a city and {{lang|it|[[comune]]}} (municipality) in the [[province of Perugia]], in the northern part of [[Umbria]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Città di Castello|volume=6|page=399}}</ref> It is situated on a slope of the [[Apennine Mountains|Apennines]], on the flood plain along the upper part of the river [[Tiber]]. The city is {{convert|56|km|0|abbr=on}} north of [[Perugia]] and {{convert|104|km|0|abbr=on}} south of [[Cesena]], [[Emilia-Romagna]], on the highway SS 3 bis. It is connected by the SS 73 with [[Arezzo]], [[Tuscany]], and the A1 highway, situated 38&nbsp;km (23&nbsp;mi) west. The {{lang|it|comune}} of Città di Castello has an [[exclave]] named Monte Ruperto within [[Marche]].

==History==

The town was founded by the ancient [[Umbri]], an Italic tribe, on the left bank of the [[Tiber River]]. The town may have come into conflict with the nearby [[Etruscans]]. Beginning in the third century BC it became a ''civitates federata'' of Rome and was subsequently inserted into the [[Regio VI Umbria|''Sexta Regio'']] of [[Roman Italy]]. The [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] knew it as ''Tifernum Tiberinum'' ("Tifernum on the Tiber").<ref>The name distinguished it from Tifernum Mataurense and Tifernum on the Sannio. (''Guida d'Italia'')</ref> 

Nearby [[Pliny the Younger]] built his ''[[Roman Villa of Pliny "in Tuscis"|villa in Tuscis]]'', which is identified with walls, mosaic floors and marble fragments surviving at a place now called Colle Plinio, the "Hill of Pliny".<ref>Pliny the Elder, Book III, chap. 19, paragraphs 112-113. Also at [http://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia_-_Liber_III#112 wikisource latina]</ref>

In 550 AD Tifernum was largely destroyed during the [[Gothic War (535–554)|Ostrogothic]] campaign by Fantalogus at the orders of [[Totila]]. The town was subsequently rebuilt by its bishop Floridus around a castle and renamed first Castrum Felicitatis by [[Lombards]] and later Civitas Castelli. By the [[Donation of Pepin]] of the Frankish king [[Pepin the Short]] in 752, it went to the [[Papal States]].

It became an independent [[Medieval commune|commune]] in the first half of the 12th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.umbriatourism.it/en_US/-/citta-di-castello|title=Città di Castello|website=umbriatourism.it|access-date=10 July 2018 }}</ref> Among its various rulers was [[Pier Saccone Tarlati di Pietramala]], brother of Guido, Bishop of Arezzo. Pier Saccone sold it in 1322 to Guido Alberto de' Guidi di Modigliana. In the Middle Ages, the Diocese of Città di Castello included also many territories that are today in the provinces of [[Arezzo]], [[Forlì-Cesena]], [[Pesaro]] and [[Rimini]]. In the later Middle Ages, it was governed successively by the [[Guelphs]] and [[Ghibellines]]. In 1375 Città di Castello joined the insurrection of other cities of the [[States of the Church]]. Cardinal [[Robert of Geneva]], later [[Antipope Clement VII]], tried to capture it using Breton mercenaries, but was repulsed. Under [[Pope Martin V]] in 1420 it was taken by the condottiero [[Braccio da Montone]]. Later [[Niccolò Vitelli]], aided by Florence and Milan, became [[absolute ruler]]. [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]] built an extensive palace for the [[Vitelli]] family.

In 1474 [[Sixtus IV]] sent his nephew Cardinal [[Giuliano della Rovere]], later Pope [[Julius II]], to rule the town. After fruitless negotiations, he laid siege to the city, but Vitelli did not surrender until he knew that the command of the army had been given to Duke [[Federico III da Montefeltro]]. The following year Vitelli tried unsuccessfully to recapture the city. [[Cesare Borgia]] through a conspiracy in [[Senigallia]] ordered [[Vitellozzo Vitelli]], who had inherited the city to be strangled on the evening of 31 December 1502 and Città di Castello were added to the Papal possessions.

On 11 September 1860, Città di Castello was occupied by [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Piedmontese troops]]. On 17 March 1861, it became part of the [[Kingdom of Italy]].

Towards the end of the twentieth century, the city has seen a considerable expansion northwards toward San Giustino, with industrial parks tracking the river, railroad and main highway. In the area, several kinds of mechanical goods, textiles, ceramics and furnishings are produced. Agriculture is at a very advanced level, producing miscellaneous machinery [[i.e.]] [[tobacco]] harvesters (Spapperi N.T. S.r.l.). Today it's the main economic centre in the region.

==Geography==
===Overview===
The town is located in northern [[Umbria]], near the borders with [[Tuscany]] and [[Marche]], and the [[Tiber]] river flows along its western side. The municipality borders with [[Apecchio]] ([[Province of Pesaro and Urbino|PU]]), [[Arezzo]] ([[Province of Arezzo|AR]]), [[Citerna]], [[Cortona]] (AR), [[Mercatello sul Metauro]] (PU), [[Monte Santa Maria Tiberina]], [[Monterchi]] (AR), [[Montone]], [[Pietralunga]], [[San Giustino]], [[Sansepolcro]] (AR), [[Sant'Angelo in Vado]] (PU) and [[Umbertide]].<ref>{{OSM|r|42407|Città di Castello}}</ref>

===''Frazioni''===
Città di Castello's ''[[frazioni]]'' (a kind of subdivision) are Antirata, Astucci, [[Badia Petroia]], [[Badiali]], Barzotti, Baucca, Belvedere, Bisacchi, [[Bivio Canoscio]], [[Bivio Lugnano]], Bonsciano, Caifirenze, Candeggio, [[Canoscio]], Capitana, Celle, Cerbara, [[Cinquemiglia]], Colcello, Coldipozzo, [[Cornetto (Città di Castello)|Cornetto]], [[Croce di Castiglione]], [[Fabbrecce]], Fiume, [[Fraccano]], Grumale, [[Lerchi]], [[Lugnano (Città di Castello)|Lugnano]], Madonna di Canoscio, Marchigliano, Montemaggiore, Monte Ruperto, [[Morra (Città di Castello)|Morra]], Muccignano, Nuvole, Palazzone, [[Petrelle]], Pettinari, [[Piosina]], [[Promano]], Riosecco, Roccagnano, Ronti, Rovigliano, San Biagio del Cornetto, [[San Leo Bastia]], San Lorenzo Bibbiana, [[San Maiano]], San Martin Pereto, San Martino di Castelvecchio, San Martino d'Upò, San Pietro a Monte, [[San Secondo (Città di Castello)|San Secondo]], [[Santa Lucia (Città di Castello)|Santa Lucia]], Scalocchio, Seripole, Terme di Fontecchio, [[Titta (Città di Castello)|Titta]], [[Trestina (Città di Castello)|Trestina]], Uppiano, Userna, Userna Bassa, Valdipetrina, Vallurbana, Vingone, and [[Volterrano (Città di Castello)|Volterrano]].

==Culture==
The dialect is particular and derives in turn from the Romagnolo Gaelic and the eastern Tuscan dialects. The comune territory is one of the largest in Italy, for this reason, dialect changes a lot according to the considered zone. Culture is linked to Marche, Romagna and Tuscany ones.

The art historian Vittorio Sgarbi has referred to the town as the place of the origin of the Renaissance or its capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://corrieredellumbria.corr.it/news/cultura-e-spettacolo/138935/Sgarbi---Chi-non-viene.html|title = Sgarbi: "Chi non viene a visitare i musei tifernati è una capra"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.umbriaon.it/perugia-ce-sgarbi-per-limmenso-bene-umbro/|title = Perugia, c'è Sgarbi per l'immenso bene umbro|date = 10 May 2017}}</ref>

==Main sights==
[[File:Tour civique-Place de la Cathédrale.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Civic tower of the Cathedral Square.]]
The city is mostly built of brick, since the local sandstone deriving from the Apennines erodes very rapidly. Its principal monuments include the medieval ''Palazzo Comunale'', the tall civic tower or ''Torre Comunale'', and the ''[[Pinacoteca Comunale, Città di Castello|Pinacoteca Comunale]]'', an art museum with mostly [[Renaissance]] works by [[Raphael]], [[Luca Signorelli]], [[Andrea della Robbia]], [[Lorenzo Ghiberti]], [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]], and others, notable for its external decorations by [[Giorgio Vasari]].

The much-reworked cathedral, from the 18th century with an unfinished 17th-century façade, has an [[altar frontal]] (''Paliotto'') of chased silver dating to the 12th century, and a [[crosier]] from the 15th. It also houses works by [[Niccolò Circignani]], [[Rosso Fiorentino]] and [[Raffaellino del Colle]]. The bell tower is in [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style of the 11th century. The cathedral's museum is home to the [[Canoscio|Canoscio hoard]], a set of [[Late Antiquity|Late Antique]] silver spoons and plates with Christian motifs, as well as a silvered altarpiece donated by Pope [[Celestine II]] in the 12th century, a ''Madonna'' by [[Pinturicchio]] (1486) and ''Angels'' by [[Giulio Romano (painter)|Giulio Romano]]. It also houses a letter by [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Frederick Barbarossa]].

Other religious structures of interest include:
*[[Sanctuary of the Madonna di Belvedere, Città di Castello|Sanctuary of the Madonna di Belvedere]]

The city has memorialized the abstract painter and sculptor [[Alberto Burri]], who was born in Città di Castello, with the "Fondazione Palazzo Albizzini Collezione Burri" housing a large permanent museum of his works in the former Palazzo Albizzini.
{{clear}}

The [[Palazzo Terranova]] in Ronti and the nearby Castello di Santa Eurasia near Monte Tezio in the countryside of Città di Castello are owned by [[Alexander Lebedev]].<ref name=Times14>{{cite news|last=Wells|first=Emma|url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/europe-travel/italy/welcome-to-my-den-inside-evgeny-lebedevs-italian-castle-fczdtvb5jq9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004223236/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/welcome-to-my-den-inside-evgeny-lebedevs-italian-castle-fczdtvb5jq9|title=Welcome to my den: Inside Evgeny Lebedev's Italian castle|date=28 September 2014|work=[[The Sunday Times]]|access-date=26 June 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=4 October 2020}}</ref>

==Notable people==
For persons from the city, see [[:Category:People from Città di Castello|People from Città di Castello]]. In addition, the following are believed to have had a local connection, usually through long residence there:
*[[Pliny the Younger]]
*[[Pope Celestine II]]
*[[Monica Bellucci]], film actress, was born here
*[[Vitellozzo Vitelli]]
*[[Alberto Burri]]
*[[Salvatore Sciarrino]]
*[[Margaret of Castello]]
*[[Frankie Hi-NRG MC]]

==Twin towns==
[[Majano]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], Italy, is the only official twin [[comune]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.anaudine.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Angelo-Zampini-locandina.pdf|title= Cerimonie in onore del Sergente Angelo Zampini|access-date= 14 November 2017}}</ref>

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{Catholic|wstitle=Diocese of Città di Castello}} [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03793c.htm Newadvent.org]
*Touring Club Italiano, 1966. ''Guida d'Italia: Umbria''. pp.&nbsp;136–42
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051230162811/http://www.cdcnet.net/it/ Official homepage (in Italian)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060310204451/http://www.cdcnet.net/en/ (in English)]
*[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Umbria/Perugia/Citta_di_Castello/Citta_di_Castello/home.html Bill Thayer's site]
*[https://www.youtube.com/v/0-zipRoNdMk YouTube.com]

==External links==
{{commons category|Città di Castello}}
* {{in lang|it}} [http://www.cdcnet.net/ Città di Castello official website]
* {{in lang|it}} [http://www.luoghimisteriosi.it/umbria_cittadicastello.html Città di Castello on luoghimisteriosi.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814134747/https://www.luoghimisteriosi.it/umbria_cittadicastello.html |date=2022-08-14 }}

{{Province of Perugia}}
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[[Category:Città di Castello| ]]
[[Category:Roman sites in Umbria]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Umbria]]