View source for City of Peterborough

{{Short description|City and district of Cambridgeshire, England}}
{{About|the local government district|the individual settlement|Peterborough|other uses|Peterborough (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = City of Peterborough
| settlement_type         = [[City status in the United Kingdom|City]] and [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authority]]
| image_skyline           = Peterborough Cathedral - geograph.org.uk - 3197168.jpg
| imagesize               = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Peterborough]] viewed from the top of [[Peterborough Cathedral|the cathedral]]
| image_flag              = 
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = 
| shield_alt              = 
| shield_link             = 
| image_blank_emblem      = 
| blank_emblem_size       = 
| blank_emblem_type       = 
| blank_emblem_link       = 
| etymology               = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Peterborough UK locator map.svg
| mapsize                 = 
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = City of Peterborough shown within [[Cambridgeshire]]
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| pushpin_mapsize         =
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|52|34|21|N|00|14|35|W|region:GB_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name        = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Countries of the United Kingdom|Country]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[England]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[East of England]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Cambridgeshire]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[City region (United Kingdom)|City region]]
| subdivision_name4       = [[Cambridgeshire and Peterborough]]
| established_title       = City status
| established_date        = 1541<ref name=beckett>{{cite book |author=Beckett, John V. |title=City Status in the British Isles, 1830–2002 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |location=Aldershot |year=2005 |isbn=0-7546-5067-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jqqSSOyjBEoC |page=14 |access-date=15 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122181912/http://books.google.com/books?id=jqqSSOyjBEoC&printsec=frontcover |archive-date=22 January 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| established_title1      = Incorporated
| established_date1       = [[Local Government Act 1972|1 April 1974]]
| established_title2      = Unitary authority
| established_date2       = [[1990s United Kingdom local government reform|1 April 1998]]
| named_for               = [[Peterborough]]
| seat_type               = Administrative HQ
| seat                    = Sand Martin House, [[Fletton]]
| parts_type              = 
| parts                   = 
<!-- Government -->
| government_footnotes    = <ref name="Council leadership">{{cite web |url=https://www.peterborough.gov.uk/council/about-the-council |title=About the council |website=Peterborough City Council |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref>
| government_type         = [[Unitary authorities of England|Unitary authority]]
| governing_body          = [[Peterborough City Council]]
| leader_title            = [[Executive arrangements|Executive]]
| leader_name             = [[Executive arrangements#Leader and cabinet|Leader and cabinet]]
| leader_title1           = [[Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom|Control]]
| leader_name1            = {{English district control|GSS=E06000031}}
| leader_title2           = [[Executive arrangements#Leader and cabinet|Leader]]
| leader_name2            = Dennis Jones ([[Labour and Co-operative Party|L]])
| leader_title3           = [[Peterborough City Council#Mayors|Mayor]]
| leader_name3            = Marco Cereste
| leader_title4           = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MPs]]
| leader_name4            =
 {{Unbulleted list
 | [[Andrew Pakes]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|L]])
 | [[Sam Carling]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|L]])
 }}
<!-- Area -->
| total_type              = 
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref>{{United Kingdom district population citation|area}}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = {{English district area|GSS=E06000031}}
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_rank               = [[List of English districts by area|{{English district area rank|GSS=E06000031}}]]
<!-- Population -->
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="popstats">{{United Kingdom district population citation}}</ref>
| population_as_of        = {{English statistics year}}
| population_total        = {{English district population|GSS=E06000031}}
| population_rank         = [[List of English districts by population|{{English district rank|GSS=E06000031}}]]
| population_density_km2  = {{English district density|GSS=E06000031}}
| population_demonym      = Peterborian
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->
| demographics_type1      = Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])</span>
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis">{{NOMIS2021|id=E06000031|title=Peterborough Local Authority|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1    = [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|Ethnic groups]]
| demographics1_info1     =
 {{Collapsible list
 | 75.4% [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]
 | 14.3% [[British Asians|Asian]]
 | 4.1% [[Black British people|Black]]
 | 3.5% [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed]]
 | 2.7% [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|other]]
 }}
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->
| demographics_type2      = Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span>
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis"/>
| demographics2_title1    = [[Religion in England|Religion]]
| demographics2_info1     =
 {{Collapsible list
 | 46.3% [[Religion in England#Christianity|Christianity]]
 | 32.5% [[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|no religion]]
 | 12.2% [[Islam in England|Islam]]
 | 1.8% [[Hinduism in England|Hinduism]]
 | 0.6% [[Sikhism in England|Sikhism]]
 | 0.3% [[Buddhism in England|Buddhism]]
 | 0.1% [[History of the Jews in England|Judaism]]
 | 0.5% [[Religion in England|other]]
 | 5.8% not stated
 }}
| timezone1               = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| utc_offset1             = +0
| timezone1_DST           = [[British Summer Time|BST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +1
<!-- Codes -->
| postal_code_type        = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcode areas]]
| postal_code             = [[PE postcode area|PE]]
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom|Dialling codes]]
| area_code               = 01733
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|GB-PTE]]
| blank1_name             = [[GSS coding system|GSS code]]
| blank1_info             = E06000031
| website                 = {{URL|peterborough.gov.uk}}
| footnotes               = 
}}
The '''City of Peterborough''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Authority Districts, Counties and Unitary Authorities (April 2021) Map in United Kingdom |url=https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/documents/ons::local-authority-districts-counties-and-unitary-authorities-april-2021-map-in-united-kingdom--1/explore |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=Office for National Statistics: Open Geography Portal |language=en-us}}</ref> is a district with [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]] in the [[ceremonial county]] of [[Cambridgeshire]], England. The district is named after its largest settlement, [[Peterborough]], but also covers a wider area of outlying villages and hamlets. The district is administered by [[Peterborough City Council]], a [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authority]].

The district's area covers parts of the [[Historic counties of England|historic counties]] of [[Northamptonshire]] and [[Huntingdonshire]], as well as a small part of Cambridgeshire. In 1965, the area became part of the short-lived county of [[Huntingdon and Peterborough]] before becoming a district of [[Cambridgeshire]] in 1974. Located in the [[East Anglia]] region of England, the area borders the surrounding counties of [[Lincolnshire]] and Northamptonshire. The population of the district was 202,259 making it the second-largest district by population in [[East Anglia]] (after [[East Suffolk District|East Suffolk]]).

Most of the contemporary district was formerly part of the [[Soke of Peterborough]], a [[liberty (division)|liberty]] within the historic county of Northamptonshire. Between 1889 and 1965, Peterborough was governed by the [[Soke of Peterborough County Council]], making the Soke of Peterborough a completely autonomous, self-governing part of Northamptonshire, while the rest of that county was governed by [[Northamptonshire County Council]]. Today, the City of Peterborough district holds a similar status as part of Cambridgeshire to that which the Soke of Peterborough had as part of Northamptonshire, in that the contemporary district is a Unitary Authority with its own council, and a self-governing part of Cambridgeshire while the rest of that county is governed by [[Cambridgeshire County Council]].

Peterborough was a [[Saxon]] settlement during the [[Anglo-Saxon]] era.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lambert |first1=Tim |title=A History of Peterborough |url=https://localhistories.org/a-history-of-peterborough/ |website=Local Histories |access-date=12 July 2022 |date=14 March 2021}}</ref> The district also includes outlying villages such as [[Thorney, Cambridgeshire|Thorney]], [[Old Fletton]], [[Werrington, Cambridgeshire|Werrington]], [[Parnwell]], [[Dogsthorpe]], [[Eye Green]], [[Glinton, Cambridgeshire|Glinton]], [[Northborough, Cambridgeshire|Northborough]], [[Maxey, Cambridgeshire|Maxey]], [[Wittering, Cambridgeshire|Wittering]], [[Wansford, Cambridgeshire|Wansford]] and [[Ailsworth]].

The district borders [[North Northamptonshire]], [[Huntingdonshire]], [[Fenland District|Fenland]], [[South Kesteven]] and [[South Holland District|South Holland]].

== Administration ==
=== Parliamentary seat ===
{{Further|Peterborough (UK Parliament constituency)|North West Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)}}
The city formed a [[parliamentary borough]] returning two members from 1541, with the rest of the Soke being part of Northamptonshire parliamentary county. The [[Great Reform Act]] did not affect the borough, although the remaining, rural portion of the Soke was transferred to the northern division of [[Northamptonshire]].<ref>Formally the [[Representation of the People Act 1832]] ([[2 & 3 Will. 4]]. c. 45).</ref> In 1885, the borough's representation was reduced to one member,<ref>Under the [[Redistribution of Seats Act 1885]] ([[48 & 49 Vict.]] c. 23).</ref> and in 1918, the boundaries were adjusted to include the whole Soke.<ref>Youngs, Frederic A. ''Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England'' Volume II: Northern England (Part III: Parliamentary Constituencies) Royal Historical Society, London, 1991.</ref> Recent Members of Parliament for [[Peterborough (UK Parliament constituency)|Peterborough]] have included the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] Sir [[Harmar Nicholls]] (1950–1974), [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour's]] [[Michael Ward (British politician)|Michael Ward]] (1974–1979), Conservative [[Brian Mawhinney]] (1979–1997), Labour's [[Helen Clark (UK politician)|Helen Clark]] (1997–2005) and Conservative [[Stewart Jackson]] (2005–2017). [[Fiona Onasanya]] won in the [[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017 general election]] for Labour;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000878 |title=Peterborough |work=Election 2017 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=12 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612003117/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000878 |archive-date=12 June 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Onasanya was then expelled from the Labour party in December 2018,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jan/04/labour-confirms-expulsion-of-convicted-mp-fiona-onasanya |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |title=Labour confirms expulsion of convicted MP Fiona Onasanya |first=Dan |last=Sabbagh |date=4 January 2019 |access-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420082036/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jan/04/labour-confirms-expulsion-of-convicted-mp-fiona-onasanya |archive-date=20 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> but kept her seat as an independent until being ejected on 1 May 2019 after a [[2019 Peterborough recall petition|recall petition]], triggering a [[2019 Peterborough by-election|by-election]],<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/update/2019-05-01/recall-petition-result-fiona-onasanya-no-longer-peterboroughs-mp/ Fiona Onasanya no longer Peterborough's MP] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518052023/https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/update/2019-05-01/recall-petition-result-fiona-onasanya-no-longer-peterboroughs-mp/ |date=18 May 2019 }}. Accessed 22 May 2019.</ref> which won by Labour's [[Lisa Forbes (politician)|Lisa Forbes]] (June - November 2019).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-06-07 |title=Labour sees off Brexit Party in by-election |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48532869 |access-date=2020-05-14 |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230530/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48532869 |url-status=live}}</ref> Conservative [[Paul Bristow]] won the seat in the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 general election]] and served as MP for one term, being defeated by Labour's [[Andrew Pakes]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservatives win back Peterborough as Paul Bristow takes seat |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/politics/conservatives-win-back-peterborough-paul-bristow-takes-seat-1340114 |website=www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk |language=en |access-date=2020-05-14 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522210104/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/politics/conservatives-win-back-peterborough-paul-bristow-takes-seat-1340114 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1997, the [[North West Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North West Cambridgeshire]] constituency was formed, incorporating parts of the city and neighbouring Huntingdonshire. The inaugural member was Sir [[Brian Mawhinney]], former [[Secretary of State for Transport]] and [[Chairman of the Conservative Party]]. Mawhinney, who had previously served as Member of Parliament for Peterborough from 1979, did not stand for re-election in 2005 and was created [[life peer|Baron]] Mawhinney of Peterborough in the county of Cambridgeshire later that year. He was succeeded by fellow Conservative [[Shailesh Vara]]; Vara remained MP until 2024 when he was defeated by [[Sam Carling]] of the Labour Party; Carling, aged 22, became the [[Baby of the House|youngest member]] of the House of Commons.

=== Local government ===

{{Further|Peterborough City Council}}
[[File:Peterborough Town Hall.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Peterborough Town Hall|The Town Hall, Peterborough]] (1930–1933)]]
From 1889, the ancient Soke of Peterborough formed an [[administrative counties of England|administrative county]] in its own right with boundaries similar, although not identical, to the current unitary authority.<ref>Under the [[Local Government Act 1888]] ([[51 & 52 Vict.]] c. 41).</ref> The area however remained geographically part of Northamptonshire until 1965, when the Soke was merged with [[Huntingdonshire]] to form the county of [[Huntingdon and Peterborough]].<ref>The Huntingdon and Peterborough Order 1964 (SI 1964/367), see [[Local Government Commission for England (1958–1967)]], ''Report and Proposals for the East Midlands General Review Area (Report No.3)'', 31 July 1961 and ''Report and Proposals for the Lincolnshire and East Anglia General Review Area (Report No.9)'', 7 May 1965.</ref> Following a review of [[Local government in the United Kingdom|local government]] in 1974, Huntingdon and Peterborough was abolished and the current [[districts of England|district]] created by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Peterborough with [[Peterborough Rural District]], [[Barnack Rural District]], [[Thorney Rural District]], [[Old Fletton Urban District]] and part of the [[Norman Cross Rural District]], which had each existed since 1894.<ref>Under the [[Local Government Act 1894]] ([[56 & 57 Vict.]] c. 73).</ref> This became part of the [[metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England|non-metropolitan county]] of [[Cambridgeshire]].<ref>Under the [[Local Government Act 1972]] (c. 70), see [[wikisource:The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972|The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972]] ([[SI 1972]]/2039) Part 5: County of Cambridgeshire.</ref> [[Letters patent]] were granted continuing the status of city over the greater area.<ref>Issued under the [[Great Seal of the Realm]] dated 25 June 1974, see {{London Gazette|issue=46334|page=7419|date=28 June 1974}}</ref> In 1998, the city became autonomous of Cambridgeshire [[county council]] as a unitary authority, but it continues to form part of that county for ceremonial purposes.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1878/contents/made The Cambridgeshire (City of Peterborough) (Structural, Boundary and Electoral Changes) Order 1996] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501043451/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1878/contents/made |date=1 May 2011 }} ([[SI 1996]]/1878), see [[Local Government Commission for England (1992)]], ''Final Recommendations for the Future Local Government of Cambridgeshire'', October 1994 and ''Final Recommendations on the Future Local Government of Basildon & Thurrock, Blackburn & Blackpool, Broxtowe, Gedling & Rushcliffe, Dartford & Gravesham, Gillingham & Rochester upon Medway, Exeter, Gloucester, Halton & Warrington, Huntingdonshire & Peterborough, Northampton, Norwich, Spelthorne and the Wrekin'', December 1995.</ref> The leader and cabinet model of decision-making, first adopted by the [[city council]] in 2001, is similar to national government.<ref>Under the [[Local Government Act 2000]] (c. 22), see [http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/localgovernment/pdf/157437 Modular constitutions for English local authorities] {{Webarchive |url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080307131621/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/localgovernment/pdf/157437 |date=7 March 2008 }} via at [[UK Government Web Archive]], archived 7 March 2008, [[Department for Environment, Transport and the Regions]], February 2001.</ref>

[[Policing in the United Kingdom|Policing]] in the city remains the responsibility of [[Cambridgeshire Constabulary]]; and firefighting, the responsibility of [[Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service]]. The [[Peterborough Volunteer Fire Brigade]], founded in 1884, is unique in the United Kingdom in that it functions as a [[Retained firefighter|retained]] fire station, under the control of the county fire and rescue service, but with unpaid firefighters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Peterborough Volunteers Fire Brigade |url=https://www.cambsfire.gov.uk/find-a-fire-station/peterborough-volunteers-fire-brigade/ |website=www.cambsfire.gov.uk |publisher=Cambridgeshire Fire & Rescue Service |access-date=1 January 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101182056/https://www.cambsfire.gov.uk/find-a-fire-station/peterborough-volunteers-fire-brigade/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Walton, Jemma [http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/features/meet_peterborough_s_volunteer_fire_brigade_team_1_82035 "Meet Peterborough's Volunteer Fire Brigade team"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319234254/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/features/meet_peterborough_s_volunteer_fire_brigade_team_1_82035 |date=19 March 2012 }}, ''Peterborough Evening Telegraph'', 26 July 2007.</ref> The [[Royal Anglian Regiment]] serves as the county regiment for Cambridgeshire. Peterborough formed its first territorial army unit, the 6th Northamptonshire Rifle Volunteer Corps, in 1860.<ref>[http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/features/-Volunteer-soldiers-mark-unit39s.3942089.jp "Volunteer soldiers mark unit's centenary year"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409014439/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/features/-Volunteer-soldiers-mark-unit39s.3942089.jp |date=9 April 2008 }}, ''Peterborough Evening Telegraph'', 3 April 2008.</ref>

=== Health service ===
Following the [[Health and Social Care Act 2012]], Cambridgeshire and Peterborough [[Clinical Commissioning Group]] became the main commissioner of health services in the city. Adult [[social care]] functions of NHS Peterborough transferred back to the city council in 2012 and [[public health]] transferred in 2013. The responsibility of guided primary care services (general practitioners, dentists, opticians and pharmacists) transferred to [[NHS England]]. In 2017 the responsibility for commissioning Primary Care Services transferred back to the CCG.<ref>[https://www.cambridgeshireandpeterboroughccg.nhs.uk/about-us/primary-care-co-commissioning-joint-committee/ Cambridgeshire and Peterborough CCG Primary Care Commissioning Committee] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513200912/https://www.cambridgeshireandpeterboroughccg.nhs.uk/about-us/primary-care-co-commissioning-joint-committee/ |date=13 May 2019 }} commissions primary medical (GP) services for the people of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough.</ref> Cambridgeshire and Peterborough is one of the largest CCGs in the England with over 984,000 registered patients, 91 GP practices and a budget of £1.16bn in 2017–18.<ref>[https://www.cambridgeshireandpeterboroughccg.nhs.uk/about-us/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/ About us] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513200911/https://www.cambridgeshireandpeterboroughccg.nhs.uk/about-us/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/ |date=13 May 2019 }} Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Clinical Commissioning Group.</ref> Although predominately providing health services in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough the CCG also has practices in both Hertfordshire and Northamptonshire.

Previously, NHS Peterborough (the public-facing name of Peterborough [[primary care trust|Primary Care Trust]]) guided primary care services in the city, directly provided adult social care and services in the community such as [[Health visitor|health visiting]] and [[physiotherapy]] and also funded hospital care and other specialist treatments. Prior to the formation of the PCT, the North West Anglia Healthcare NHS Trust provided health functions within the city and before that, Peterborough Health Authority.

[[Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust]] became one of the first ten English [[NHS foundation trust]]s in 2004<ref>[http://www.healthcarecommission.org.uk/_db/_documents/NHS_Performance_Ratings_2005-2006.pdf The annual health check: assessing and rating the NHS] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128094813/http://www.healthcarecommission.org.uk/_db/_documents/NHS_Performance_Ratings_2005-2006.pdf |date=28 November 2007 }} (pp.22, 34 & 69) [[Healthcare Commission|Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection]], October 2006.</ref> and in 2017, merged with [[Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust]] to form [[North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust]]. Although a £300&nbsp;million health investment plan has seen the transfer of the city's two hospitals into a single site, the Trust has been plagued by financial problems since the move.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-24061844 Peterborough and Stamford NHS trust rescue plan outlined] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024102922/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-24061844 |date=24 October 2018 }} BBC News, 12 September 2013.</ref> The full planning application for the redevelopment of the former [[Edith Cavell Hospital]] was approved by the council in 2006. Planning permission for the development of an integrated care centre on the site of the former Fenland Wing at [[Peterborough District Hospital]] was granted in 2003.<ref>[http://www.healthplan.org.uk/ Greater Peterborough Health Investment Plan] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108093718/http://healthplan.org.uk/ |date=8 January 2008 }} Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough Primary Care Trust and Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership Trust (Retrieved 23 April 2007).</ref> The City Care Centre finally opened in 2009<ref>[http://www.peterborough.nhs.uk/documents/News/CCC_General_Leaflet.pdf?preventCache=03%2F06%2F2009+14%3A34 City Care Centre] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121171327/http://www.peterborough.nhs.uk/documents/News/CCC_General_Leaflet.pdf?preventCache=03%2F06%2F2009+14%3A34 |date=21 November 2010 }} NHS Peterborough, 3 June 2009.</ref> and the first patients were treated at the new [[Peterborough City Hospital]] in 2010.<ref>Urem, Adam [http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/community/local-services-and-contacts/health_care_services_2_1877/peterborough_city_hospital_the_big_move_begins_1_1611112 "Peterborough City Hospital: The big move begins"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114000922/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/community/local-services-and-contacts/health_care_services_2_1877/peterborough_city_hospital_the_big_move_begins_1_1611112 |date=14 November 2010 }}, ''Peterborough Evening Telegraph'', 11 November 2010.</ref> The private Fitzwilliam Hospital run by [[Ramsay Health Care UK]] is situated in the landscaped grounds of the [[Milton Hall|Milton Estate]].<ref>[http://www.ramsayhealth.co.uk/hospitals/private_hospitals/fitzwilliam_hospital.aspx Fitzwilliam Private Hospital] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018180855/http://www.ramsayhealth.co.uk/hospitals/private_hospitals/fitzwilliam_hospital.aspx |date=18 October 2010 }} Ramsay Health Care UK Operations (Retrieved 21 November 2010).</ref> [[Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust]], a designated University of Cambridge teaching trust, provides services to those who suffer from mental health problems. Following merger of the Cambridgeshire Ambulance Service in 1994, then the East Anglian Ambulance NHS Trust in 2006, the [[East of England Ambulance Service]] NHS Trust is responsible for the provision of statutory [[Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom|emergency medical services]] (EMS) in Peterborough. The [[East Anglian Air Ambulance]] provides helicopter EMS across the region.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-33503402 Prince William begins East Anglian Air Ambulance job] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109203922/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-33503402 |date=9 November 2018 }} BBC News, 13 July 2015.</ref>

=== Public utilities ===
The council's budget for the financial year 2018–19 is £418.7&nbsp;million.<ref name=tax>[https://www.peterborough.gov.uk/upload/www.peterborough.gov.uk/council/council-tax/CouncilTaxBooklet2018-19.pdf?inline=true Council Tax Summary] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403051535/https://www.peterborough.gov.uk/upload/www.peterborough.gov.uk/council/council-tax/CouncilTaxBooklet2018-19.pdf?inline=true |date=3 April 2018 }} Peterborough City Council, 1 April 2018.</ref> The main source of non-school funding is the formula grant, which is paid by central government to local authorities based on the services they provide. This was reduced by nearly 40% during the course of the [[List of MPs elected in the 2010 United Kingdom general election|2010-15 parliament]]. The remainder, to which the [[police authority|police]] and [[fire authority|fire]] authorities (and [[Parish council (England)|parish council]] where this exists) set a precept, is raised from [[council tax]] and [[Business rates in England and Wales|business rates]]. This amounts to £59.5&nbsp;million in 2015–16.<ref name=tax/> Mains water and sewerage services are provided by [[Anglian Water]], a former [[Public ownership|nationalised industry]] and [[natural monopoly]], [[Privatisation|privatised]] in 1989 and now regulated by [[OFWAT]].

Following deregulation, the consumer has a choice of energy supplier. Electricity was formerly provided by [[Eastern Electricity]], which was privatised in 1990. In 2002, the [[Electricity retailing|supply business]] was sold to Powergen (now [[E.ON UK]]) and the [[Electric power distribution|distribution rights]] to [[EDF Energy]] who sold them to [[UK Power Networks]] in 2010. Natural gas was (and still is) supplied by [[British Gas]], which was privatised in 1986; distribution (and gas and [[electricity transmission]]) is the responsibility of the [[National Grid plc|National Grid]], having been demerged as Transco in 1997. These industries are regulated by [[OFGEM]]. [[Peterborough Power Station]] is a 367&nbsp;MWe gas-fired plant in [[Fengate, Peterborough|Fengate]] operated by [[Centrica]] Energy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/about_peterborough.pdf |title=Power Stations: Peterborough |publisher=Centrica Energy |access-date=1 May 2015}}</ref>

[[British Telecommunications]], privatised in 1984, provides fixed [[Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line|ADSL]] enabled (8&nbsp;Mbit/s) telephone lines. [[Local loop unbundling]], giving other [[internet service provider]]s direct access, is completed at four out of 12 [[telephone exchange|exchanges]]. The city is cabled by [[Virgin Media]] (previously Peterborough Cablevision, [[Cable & Wireless plc|Cable & Wireless]] and [[NTL Incorporated|NTL]]).{{cn|date=July 2025}} These businesses are regulated by [[OFCOM]]. Cambridgeshire County Council and Peterborough City Council are embarking on a superfast broadband project to deliver access to improved connectivity to areas where it is acknowledged that the market is unlikely to deliver.<ref>[http://www.connectingcambridgeshire.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Connecting-Cambridgeshire-Public-Consultation.pdf Superfast Broadband for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518104105/http://www.connectingcambridgeshire.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Connecting-Cambridgeshire-Public-Consultation.pdf |date=18 May 2015 }} Analysys Mason, Public Consultation (v.1.3), Ref. 21137-183, 23 May 2012.</ref>

=== Civil parishes ===
The district contains the [[unparished area]]s of Peterborough, Old Fletton and [[Stanground North]] and 29 civil parishes:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mapit.mysociety.org/area/2566/children.html|title=Children of Peterborough City Council|publisher=Mapit|accessdate=13 July 2022}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Ailsworth]]
* [[Bainton, Cambridgeshire|Bainton]]
* [[Barnack]]
* [[Borough Fen]]
* [[Bretton, Peterborough|Bretton]]
* [[Castor, Cambridgeshire|Castor]]
* [[Deeping Gate]]
* [[Etton, Cambridgeshire|Etton]]
* [[Eye, Cambridgeshire|Eye]]
* [[Glinton, Cambridgeshire|Glinton]]
* [[Hampton Hargate and Vale]]
* [[Helpston]]
* [[Marholm]]
* [[Maxey, Cambridgeshire|Maxey]]
* [[Newborough, Cambridgeshire|Newborough]]
* [[Northborough, Cambridgeshire|Northborough]]
* [[Orton Longueville]]
* [[Orton Waterville]]
* [[Peakirk]]
* [[Southorpe]]
* [[St Martin's Without]]
* [[Sutton, Peterborough|Sutton]]
* [[Thorney, Cambridgeshire|Thorney]]
* [[Thornhaugh]]
* [[Ufford, Cambridgeshire|Ufford]]
* [[Upton, Peterborough|Upton]]
* [[Wansford, Cambridgeshire|Wansford]]
* [[Wittering, Cambridgeshire|Wittering]]
* [[Wothorpe]]
{{div col end}}

==Demographics==

=== Ethnicity ===
[[File:Peterborough population pyramid.svg|thumb|City of Peterborough's population pyramid]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic Group
! colspan="10" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 2.2|last1= Equality|first1= Commission for Racial}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991<ref name=":412">Data is taken from United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm Casweb Data services] of the United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405213012/http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm |date=5 April 2022 }} (Table 6)</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{cite web |title=Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name=":36">{{Cite web |title=2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!122,726
!94.1%
!141,803
!92.6%
!140,003
!89.7%
!151,544
!82.5%
!162,581
!75.3%
|-
|White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|133,751
|85.7%
|130,232
|70.9%
|128,353
|59.5%
|-
|White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,697
|
|1,257
|
|1,177
|0.5%
|-
|White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|560
|
|551
|0.3%
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|938
|0.4%
|-
|White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,555
|
|19,495
|10.6%
|31,562
|14.6%
|-
![[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total
!–
!–
!8,560
!5.6%
!11,400
!7.3%
!21,492
!11.7%
!30,801
!14.3%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|–
|–
|2,662
|
|2,876
|
|4,636
|
|7,169
|3.3%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|4,752
|
|6,980
|
|12,078
|
|16,972
|7.9%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|54
|
|113
|
|229
|
|442
|0.2%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|358
|
|534
|
|872
|
|990
|0.5%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: Other Asian
|–
|–
|734
|
|897
|
|3,677
|
|5,228
|2.4%
|-
![[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total
!–
!–
!2,009
!1.3%
!1,928
!1.2%
!4,164
!2.2%
!8,751
!4.1%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|–
|–
|204
|
|551
|
|2,480
|
|6,225
|2.9%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|1,208
|
|1,118
|
|1,174
|
|1,419
|0.7%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|–
|–
|597
|
|259
|
|510
|
|1,107
|0.5%
|-
![[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!2,289
!1.5%
!4,948
!2.7%
!7,617
!3.5%
|-
|Mixed: White and Black Caribbean
|–
|–
|–
|–
|950
|
|1,542
|
|1,990
|0.9%
|-
|Mixed: White and Black African
|–
|–
|–
|–
|208
|
|827
|
|1,627
|0.8%
|-
|Mixed: White and Asian
|–
|–
|–
|–
|687
|
|1,384
|
|2,021
|0.9%
|-
|Mixed: Other Mixed
|–
|–
|–
|–
|444
|
|1,195
|
|1,979
|0.9%
|-
!Other: Total
!–
!–
!794
!0.5%
!441
!0.3%
!1,483
!0.8%
!5,920
!2.7%
|-
|Other: Arab
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|428
|
|897
|0.4%
|-
|Other: Any other ethnic group
|–
|–
|794
|0.5%
|441
|0.3%
|1,055
|
|5,023
|2.3%
|-
!Ethnic minority: Total
!7,666
!5.9%
!11,363
!7.4%
!16,058
!10.3%
!32,087
!17.5%
!53,089
!24.7%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total
!130,392
!100%
!153,166
!100%
!156,061
!100%
!183,631
!100%
!215,670
!100%
|}

=== Religion ===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="2" |Religion
! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{Cite web |title=KS007 - Religion - Nomis - 2001 |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/ks007 |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=KS209EW (Religion) - Nomis - 2011 |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks209ew |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1|title=Religion - Religion by local authorities, ONS}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Holds religious beliefs
!118,549
!75.9
!126,155
!68.7
!133,001
!61.7
|-
|[[File:Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg|26x26px]] [[Christians|Christian]]
| align="right" |106,621
| align="right" |68.3
| align="right" |104,202
| align="right" |56.7
| align="right" |99,802
| align="right" |46.3
|-
|[[File:Dharma_Wheel.svg|20x20px]] [[Buddhism|Buddhist]]
| align="right" |254
| align="right" |0.2
| align="right" |463
| align="right" |0.3
| align="right" |617
| align="right" |0.3
|-
|[[File:Om.svg|21x21px]] [[Hinduism|Hindu]]
| align="right" |1,383
| align="right" |0.9
| align="right" |2,320
| align="right" |1.3
| align="right" |3,813
| align="right" |1.8
|-
|[[File:Star_of_David.svg|23x23px]] [[Jews|Jewish]]
| align="right" |147
| align="right" |0.1
| align="right" |144
| align="right" |0.1
| align="right" |185
| align="right" |0.1
|-
|[[File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|20x20px]] [[Muslim]]
| align="right" |8,963
| align="right" |5.7
| align="right" |17,251
| align="right" |9.4
| align="right" |26,239
| align="right" |12.2
|-
|[[File:Khanda.svg|24x24px]] [[Sikhism|Sikh]]
| align="right" |833
| align="right" |0.5
| align="right" |1,184
| align="right" |0.6
| align="right" |1,348
| align="right" |0.6
|-
|Other religion
| align="right" |348
| align="right" |0.2
| align="right" |591
| align="right" |0.3
| align="right" |999
| align="right" |0.5
|-
![[Irreligion|No religion]]
! align="right" |24,388
! align="right" |15.6
! align="right" |45,183
! align="right" |24.6
! align="right" |70,066
! align="right" |32.5
|-
|Religion not stated
! align="right" |13,124
! align="right" |8.4
! align="right" |12,293
! align="right" |6.7
! align="right" |12,604
! align="right" |5.8
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total population
! align="right" |156,061
! align="right" |100.0
! align="right" |183,631
! align="right" |100.0
! align="right" |215,671
! align="right" |100.0
|}

==Local landmarks==
The district contains many notable attractions and landmarks including: [[Peterborough Cathedral]], [[Burghley House]], [[Nene Valley Railway]], and [[Longthorpe Tower]].

==2016 EU Referendum==
{{See also|Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum}}
On 23 June 2016, Peterborough voted in the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|2016 EU Referendum]] under the provisions of the [[European Union Referendum Act 2015]] where voters were asked to decide on the question "Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?" by voting for either "Remain a member of the European Union" or "Leave the European Union". The result produced a large "Leave" majority by 61% of voters on a turnout of 72% across the city<ref>{{cite web|title=EU Referendum results|url=https://www.peterborough.gov.uk/council/elections/eu-referendum/|publisher=Peterborough City Council|access-date=19 October 2016|archive-date=20 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020041346/https://www.peterborough.gov.uk/council/elections/eu-referendum/|url-status=dead}}</ref> with only the wards of Peterborough Central, Barnack and late postal votes in the city council area returning "Remain" votes and all other wards returning "Leave" majority votes.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} [[Stewart Jackson]], the then MP for the parliamentary [[Peterborough (UK Parliament constituency)|constituency of Peterborough]], backed "Leave". [[Shailesh Vara]], MP for the neighbouring [[North West Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|constituency of North West Cambridgeshire]] which includes a substantial part of the city, campaigned for a "Remain" vote.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;"
|-
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center" |'''United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016''' <br />Peterborough
|- bgcolor="#09a8ff" align="center"
! align="left" colspan="2" width="300" | Choice
! width="80" | Votes
! width="50" | %
|-
| bgcolor="#0069b5" |
| align="left" | '''Leave the European Union'''
| '''53,216''' || '''60.89%'''
|-
| width="1" bgcolor="#ffcc08" |
| align="left" | Remain a member of the European Union 
| 34,176 || 39.11%
|-
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" | 
|-
| align="left" colspan="2" | Valid votes
| 87,392 || 99.91%
|-
| align="left" colspan="2" | Invalid or blank votes
| 77 || 0.09%
|-
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2" | Total votes
| 87,469 || 100.00% 
|- 
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" | 
|-
| align="left" colspan="2" | Registered voters and turnout
| 120,892 || 72.35%
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:600px; text-align:center;"
|+ Peterborough referendum result (without spoiled ballots):
|-
|  style="width:60.9%; background:#0069b5; color:white;|'''Leave:'''<br />'''''53,216''''' '''(60.9%)'''
|  style="width:39.1%; background:#ffc010"| Remain: <br /> ''34,176'' (39.1%)
|-
| colspan=4 style="text-align: center; line-height: 32.1%;" | '''▲'''
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Peterborough}}
{{Cambridgeshire}}
{{East_of England}}
{{UK cities}}
{{Unitary authorities of England}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peterborough, City of}}
[[Category:Peterborough| ]]
[[Category:Non-metropolitan districts of Cambridgeshire]]
[[Category:Unitary authority districts of England]]
[[Category:Boroughs in England]]
[[Category:Cities in the East of England]]