View source for Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)

{{short description|Musical composition by Mozart}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name                = Clarinet Concerto
| image               = Mozart_KV_622.jpg
| caption             = Score with the beginnings of the 3 movements
| image_upright=1.3
| composer            = [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
| key                 = [[A major]]
| catalogue           = [[Köchel catalogue|K]]. 622
| style               = [[Classical period (music)|Classical period]]
| composed            = {{start date|1791}}
| dedication          = 
| published           = 
| movements           = 3 }}
[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]'s '''Clarinet Concerto''' in [[A major]], [[Köchel catalogue|K.]]&nbsp;622, was completed in October 1791 for the clarinettist [[Anton Stadler]]. It consists of three [[movement (music)|movements]], in a fast–slow–fast succession.
{{Ordered list|type=upper-roman
| [[Tempo|Allegro]] (in A major and in [[sonata form]])
| Adagio (in [[D major]] and in [[ternary form]])
| [[Rondo]]: Allegro (in A major)
}}
The work was completed a few weeks before the composer's death. It was to be his second to last completed work, 'Laut verkünde unsre Freude' (KV 623) being his last, and has been described as his swan-song. The date of its first performance is not certain, but may have been 16 October 1791 in Prague.

The concerto was written to be played on the [[basset clarinet]], which can play lower notes than an ordinary clarinet, but after the death of Mozart it was published with changes to the solo part to allow performance on conventional instruments. The manuscript score is lost, but from the latter part of the 20th century onwards many performances of the work have been given on basset clarinets in conjectural reconstructions of Mozart's original.

==History==
[[File:Stadler und Klarinette.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Silhouette of [[Anton Stadler]]; sketch of his basset clarinet, 1794]]
[[Anton Stadler]], a close friend of Mozart, was a virtuoso clarinettist and co-inventor of the basset clarinet, an instrument with an extended range of lower notes.{{sfn|Poulin|1982|p=67}} It went down to low (written) C, instead of stopping at (written) E as standard [[clarinet]]s do.{{sfn|Hacker|1969|p=359}} Stadler was also an expert player of the [[basset horn]]. Mozart first composed music for that instrument as early as 1783,{{sfn|Poulin|1982|p=70}} and for the basset clarinet in 1787.{{sfn|Poulin|1982|p=73}} The latter features in the instrumentation of ''[[Così fan tutte]]'' (1789).{{sfn|Poulin|1982|p=74}} In early October 1791 Mozart wrote to [[Constanze Mozart|his wife]] from Prague that he had completed "Stadler's rondo" – the third movement of the Clarinet Concerto.{{sfn|Poulin|1982|p=74}} The concerto was the final major work Mozart completed;<ref name=Hildesheimer>{{harvnb|Hildesheimer|1983|p=352}}</ref> [[Wolfgang Hildesheimer]] has described it as the composer's "last instrumental work, and his last great completed work of any kind",<ref name=Hildesheimer /> and the critic [[Henri Ghéon]] called it Mozart's "swan-song".<ref>Quoted in {{harvnb|Ward|1947|p=150}}</ref>

There is no surviving autograph for the concerto, and the printed score was published posthumously. The only relic of the work written in Mozart's hand is an excerpt of an earlier rendition written for basset horn in G (K. 584b/621b).<ref name=Hacker>{{harvnb|Hacker|1969|pp=360–361}}</ref> This excerpt, dating from late 1789, is nearly identical to the corresponding section in the published version for A clarinet, although only the melody lines are completely filled out.<ref name=Hacker /> After rethinking the work as a basset clarinet concerto, Mozart gave the completed manuscript to Stadler in October 1791.{{sfn|Poulin|1982|p=75}} The date of the first performance is not known for certain, but was probably on 16 October 1791 in Prague. Stadler gave a concert there on that day, but no programme survives.{{sfn|Poulin|1982|p=75}}{{sfn|Lawson|1996|p=35}}

[[File:3 Klarinetten Boehm.jpg|thumb|Standard [[clarinet]] (soprano) in A, [[basset clarinet]] in A and [[Basset horn]] in G]]
Several notes throughout the piece go beyond the conventional range of the A clarinet, but the basset clarinet was a rare, custom-made instrument, and when the piece was published after Mozart's death, a new version was made by unknown arrangers, with the low notes [[Transposition (music)|transposed]] to regular range. Objections were raised to this: a reviewer in the ''[[Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung]]'' commented that although the transpositions made the work playable on standard clarinets, it would have been better to publish Mozart's original version, with the alterations printed in smaller notes as optional alternatives.<ref>Quoted in {{harvnb|Poulin|1982|p=76}}</ref>

The clarinettist [[Alan Hacker]] commented in 1969 that if the original manuscript had been published, "manufacturers would have made and sold basset clarinets by the thousand",{{sfn|Hacker|1969|p=360}} but the manuscript was lost. Mozart's widow told a publisher that Stadler had either lost it, pawned it or had it stolen from him.{{sfn|Poulin|1982|pp=75–76}} In 1801 three different publishing houses – André, [[Jean-Georges Sieber|Sieber]], and [[Breitkopf & Härtel]] – published editions of the work, all with the solo part adapted for the standard clarinet.<ref name=gram/> These became the standard performing editions.{{sfn|Adelson|1997|p=157}}

The basset clarinet fell out of use after Stadler's death and no original instruments from his time have survived.{{efn|1=A basset clarinet dating from about 1840 is in a German collection and a later 19th-century example is in a collection at Oxford, but they differ from Stadler's instrument in their constructions.{{sfn|Shackleton|2001}}}} The instrument was revived in the latter part of the 20th century, when instrument builders attempted to replicate the original instrument, Indeed, basset clarinets have been built for the specific purpose of performing Mozart's concerto and [[Clarinet Quintet (Mozart)|clarinet quintet]]. Some of these have been based on 1790s engravings showing Stadler's instrument.{{sfn|Adelson|1997|p=158}} On 28 June 1951, in Prague, the Czech<!-- ? --> clariettist Josef Janouš played the first modern performance of a version of the concerto reconstructed by the Czech composer Jiří Kratochvil (1924–2014), using a Selmer A clarinet with a basset lower joint, in which the four basset keys were operated with the right thumb as on the historical instruments.<ref name=GrassDemus>Grass, Thomas and Dietrich Demus, "Der Beginn des Bassettklarinettenbaus im 20. Jahrhundert" [The beginning of basset clarinet making in the 20th century] in ''Rohrblatt, Zeitschrift für Klarinette, Oboe und Fagot'' (Magazine for clarinet, oboe and bassoon) 2004, booklet 1, pp. 36–39</ref> In 1968, the Swiss clarinettist Hans Rudolf Stalder used an instrument built by [[F. Arthur Uebel]] to perform a version of the concerto reconstructed in collaboration with [[Ernst Hess (composer)|Ernst Hess]] in [[Augsburg]], Germany. He made the first recording of the concerto using a basset clarinet, with the Cologne Chamber Orchestra, in September 1968,<ref name=GrassDemus/> Since 1984, [[Sabine Meyer]] has used a basset clarinet in A made by [[Herbert Wurlitzer]] to play the concerto (and also Mozart's clarinet quintet).{{sfn|König|2023|p=112}}<ref name=GrassDemus/> <!-- Other clarinettists who have performed the concerto with basset clarinets have included [[Martin Fröst]], [[Sharon Kam]], [[Sebastian Manz]] and [[Charles Neidich]]. NEEDS a [[WP:RS]]. -->

The first reconstruction of the concerto for basset clarinet was made in 1951 by Kratochvil.<ref name=GrassDemus/> This was followed by reconstructions by others, including Hess (1968), [[Hans Deinzer]] (1970) and Alan Hacker (1974).<ref>[[Ernst Hess (composer)|Hess, Ernst]]. "Die Ursprüngliche Gestalt des Klarinettenkonzertes KV 622", ''Mozart Jahrbuch des Zentralinstitutes für Mozartforschung der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum'' (Salzburg, 1968), pp. 18–30</ref><ref>Kratochvíl, Jiří. "Betrachtungen über die Urfassung des Konzerts für Klarinette und des Quintetts für Klarinette und Streicher von W. A. Mozart", Eckstein, Pavel (ed.) ''Internationale Konferenz über das Leben und Werk W. A. Mozarts'', report (Prague, 1956), pp. 262–271</ref><ref>Kratochvíl, Jiří. "Ist die heute gebräuchliche Fassung des Klarinettenkonzerts und des Klarinettenquintetts von Mozart authentisch?", ''Beiträge zur Musikwissenschaft'', 1960 2(1), pp. 27-34.</ref><ref>Strebel, Harald, "Wie authentisch sind die Textfassungen der NMA bei Mozarts Klarinettenkonzert KV 622 und dem Klarinettenquintett KV 581? Neue Lösungsvorschläge zur Rekonstruktion der Mozartschen 'Urtexte{{'"}}, ''Quinto Seminario di Filologia Musicale, Mozart'' 2006, G. Fornari (ed.), pp. 87–113.</ref> The most frequently performed are the two versions published by Bärenreiter (Kratochvil/Hess) and Schott (Wehle/Meyer)<!-- Which years were each published? We still need a description of how they reconstructed the piece -- do the scores or interviews/essays/memoirs describe their process? --><ref name ="Colin"/> In 2023, the clarinettist [[Richard Haynes (musician)|Richard Haynes]] undertook to rewrite the score in G major using the fragment K. 621b. Since April 2024, Haynes has been performing the concerto in this version on a basset horn in G made for him by [[Schwenk & Seggelke|Jochen Seggelke]].{{sfn|König|2023|p=115}}

Of all the [[clarinet concerto]]s, the Mozart concerto is by far the most frequently performed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stretta-music.de/author-wolfgang-amadeus-mozart/konzert/klarinette |title= Mozarts Klarinettenkonzert A-Dur KV 622 – Noten |website=Stretta Music |access-date=4 July 2024}}</ref>

==Music==
The modern scoring of the work is for solo clarinet in A, two [[Western concert flute|flutes]], two [[Bassoon|bassoons]], two [[natural horn|horn]]s and [[String section|strings]]. The typical performance time is 29 minutes (see "Audio files" below).{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

===I. Allegro===
The concerto opens with a [[sonata form|sonata-form]] movement in A major. The form of the movement is as follows:

*Orchestral ''[[ritornello]]'': bars 1–56
*Solo [[Exposition (music)|exposition]]: bars 57–154
*''Ritornello'': bars 154–171
*[[Development (music)|Development]]: bars 172–227
*''Ritornello'': bars 227–250
*[[Recapitulation (music)|Recapitulation]]: bars 251–343
*''Ritornello'': bars 343–359{{sfn|Lawson|1996|p=62}}

The first [[Subject (music)|theme]] begins an orchestral ''ritornello'' that is joyful and light:

:<score>
\new Score {
  \new Staff = "clarinet" {
    \transpose c a
    \relative c'' {
      \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet"
      \clef treble
      \key c \major
      \time 4/4
      \tempo "Allegro"
      \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t
      \tempo 4 = 120

      g2\p e4.( f8) | a8( g) f-. e-. e4 r |
      f4( d8) r f4( d8) r | c2( b8) r r4
    }
  }
}
</score>
It soon transforms into a flurry of sixteenth notes in descending [[Sequence (music)|sequence]], played by the violins and flutes while the lower instruments drive the piece forward. After the [[Caesura|medial caesura]], the strings begin a series of [[Canon (music)|canons]] before the first closing theme, featuring first and second violins, enters. The second closing theme is much more subtle until the [[fanfare]] of its final two bars. As the soloist enters in bar 57, the clarinet repeats the opening theme with the expected added ornamentation. As the orchestra restates the main theme, the clarinet traverses the whole range of the instrument with several flourishes.

The secondary theme begins in the [[parallel minor]], and eventually tonicizes C major before arriving in the [[dominant key]], E major. At the end of the E-major section, there is a short pause, where the soloist conventionally improvises a short [[Cadenza|''eingang'']] (cadenza), although no context is offered for a true cadenza.{{sfn|Lawson|1996|p=76}} The canonic material of the opening ritornello returns, this time involving the clarinet and leads to the novel feature of the soloist accompanying the orchestra with an [[Alberti bass]] over the first closing theme. The orchestral ritornello returns, ending with the second closing theme.

The [[development (music)|development section]] explores a few new key areas including F{{music|sharp}} minor and D major, and even has some hints of the Baroque. Before the formal orchestral ''ritornello'' leading into the [[Recapitulation (music)|recapitulation]], Mozart writes a series of descending sequences with the cellos and bassoons holding [[Suspension (music)|suspensions]] over [[staccato]] strings.

As is conventional in Classical concerto form, in the recapitulation the soloist and orchestra are united, and the secondary theme is altered to stay in the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]]. As the secondary theme comes to a close, the clarinet has another chance to improvise briefly, and this time leads the canonic material that follows. The Alberti bass and [[Arpeggio|arpeggios]] over [[diminished triad|diminished chords]] for the soloist recur before the movement ends in a cheerful final orchestral ''ritornello''.{{sfn|Lawson|1996|p=65}}

At around 12 minutes, the Allegro is the longest movement in the concerto. <!-- IS THIS THE STANDARD RECONSTRUCTION? If not, or if the other reconstructions do not follow suit, this doesn't seem helpful: In the reconstructed version for basset clarinet published by [[Bärenreiter]], 51 bars of the first movement contain clarinet passages in the [[bass clef]] with notes below low E flat (E flat to C), which cannot be played on the standard clarinet in A.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hoeprich |first=Eric |title=The Clarinet |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-300-10282-6}}></ref> -->

===II. Adagio===
The second movement, which is in [[rounded binary form]] (i.e. ABA'), is in the [[subdominant]] [[D major]]. The two-part, cantabile 16-bar main theme is first performed by the solo clarinet and repeated by the orchestra:
:<score>
\new Score {
  \new Staff = "clarinet" {
    \transpose c a
    \relative c' {
      \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet"
      \clef treble
      \key f \major
      \time 3/4
      \tempo "Adagio"
      \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t
      \tempo 4 = 60

      c4( f4. a8) | a8( g) f4 r | c4.( f8 a c) | c8( bes) a4 r |
    }
  }
}
</score>

The B section, in which the solo part is always prominent, exploits the [[chalumeau]] (lowest) register, including (in the reconstructed version) the basset tones down to (written) C<sub>3</sub> (sounding A<sub>2</sub>), the lowest tone which the basset clarinet in A can play,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfoxclarinets.com/Basset_clarinet.html|title=Basset clarinet and basset conversion|last=Fox|first=Stephen|website=Stephen Fox Clarinets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223153642/http://www.sfoxclarinets.com/Basset_clarinet.html|archive-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rice|first=Albert R.|title=Instrumental odyssey: a tribute to Herbert Heyde|publisher=Pendragon Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-57647-252-1|editor-last=Libin|editor-first=L.|location=Hillsdale, New York|pages=157–178|chapter=The Basset Clarinet: Instruments, Makers, and Patents|url=https://www.academia.edu/26305151}}</ref> and also uses the [[clarion (instrument)|clarion]] register (the middle register). This section is followed in bar 59 by the aforementioned cadenza, which in turn is followed by the first theme, played ''piano'' (sometimes ''pianissimo'') by the clarinet, which concludes the movement with a coda.

===III. Rondo: Allegro===
The concerto ends with a movement in A major. This movement is a blend of [[Sonata form|sonata]] and [[Rondo form|rondo forms]] that Mozart developed in his piano concertos, most notably the [[Piano Concerto No. 23 (Mozart)|A major Piano Concerto, K. 488]].{{sfn|Rosen|1997|p=118}} It is in A–B–A–C–A–B–A form, with the middle A's being shorter restatements of the theme, unlike regular [[rondo form]] which is ABACA.

The movement opens with a cheerful theme:
:<score>
\new Score {
  \new Staff = "clarinet" {
    \transpose c a
    \relative c' {
      \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet"
      \clef treble
      \key c \major
      \time 6/8
      \tempo "Allegro"
      \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t
      \tempo 8 = 240

      \partial 16*2 e16( f) | g8-. g-. g-. a16( g fis g a g) |
      f!4.( e8) r c'16( b) | a8-. a-. a16( g) f8-. f16( e d c) |
      b8-.( c-. cis-.) d r
    }
  }
}
</score>

This refrain is interspersed with episodes either echoing this mood or recalling the darker colours of the first movement:
* The first A (bars 1–56) features the soloist in dialogue with the orchestra, often one phrase [[Musical phrasing#Elision or reinterpretation|eliding]] seamlessly into the next. In some ways the orchestra and soloist are competing with one another – the more definitive the statement made by the orchestra, the more virtuosic the response by the clarinet.
* The first B (bars 57–113) begins with a lyrical theme, and eventually features [[chromaticism]] and some very dramatic lines which feature the extended range of the basset clarinet.
* The second A (114–137) is heard again briefly, before the orchestra moves right into the closing theme of the original A section, this time employing a descending [[Sequence (music)|sequence]] and [[hemiola]], modulating to the [[relative minor]].
* The C section (bars 137–177), according to the musicologist [[Colin Lawson]], contains "one of the most dramatic showcases for the basset clarinet in the entire concerto, featuring spectacular leaps, together with dialogue between soprano and baritone registers".{{sfn|Lawson|1996|p=70}} Starting in F{{music|sharp}} minor, this section eventually modulates back to A major.
* Bars 178–187 serve as the third A. By no means a full statement of the refrain, in this section Mozart sets the motif from the A section as a sequence of descending thirds leading to a stop on the [[dominant chord]].
* The second B (bars 188–246) begins like the first but is extended and explores some different key areas. This allows the soloist frequent opportunities to display chromatic [[Figure (music)|figurations]], and the composer to demonstrate his creativity in the reworking of the material.
* The refrain (bars 247–301) is heard for the final time, finally in its entirety, before proceeding to the [[Coda (music)|coda]] (bars 301–353). Here the rondo theme is developed dramatically, using the full range of the clarinet. The coda builds until a brief pause allows the solo clarinet to lead the orchestra into one more extended statement of the A theme, followed by the orchestra's now familiar closing theme of A.{{sfn|Lawson|1996|p=71}}

{| style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ '''Audio files of Mozart's Clarinet Concerto'''
|-
| style="vertical-align: top;" | {{listen
 | embed        =yes
 | header       =Performed by [[William McColl (clarinetist)|William McColl]] (basset clarinet) and the University of Washington Symphony conducted by Abraham Kaplan (1987)
----
 | filename     = Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Clarinet Concerto - 1. Allegro.ogg
 | title        = I. Allegro
 | filename2    = Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Clarinet Concerto - 2. Adagio.ogg
 | title2       = II. Adagio
 | filename3    = Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Clarinet Concerto - 3. Allegro.ogg
 | title3       = III. Rondo: Allegro
 | description3 =
 | help         =no}}
| style="vertical-align: top;" | {{Listen
 | embed        =yes
 | header       =Performed by Markus Krumpöck and the Merkur Orchester Wiener Neustadt conducted by Willibald Zwittkovits (1999)
----
 | filename     =Mozart Clarinet Concert - 1. Allegro.ogg
 | title        =I. Allegro
 | filename2    =Mozart Clarinet Concert - 2. Adagio.ogg
 | title2       =II. Adagio
 | filename3    =Mozart Clarinet Concert - 3. Rondo - Allegro.ogg
 | title3       =III. Rondo: Allegro
 | description3 =
 | help         =no}}
| style="vertical-align: top;" | {{listen
 | embed        =yes
 | header       =Performed by Bruce Edwards and the [[Fulda Symphonic Orchestra]] conducted by Simon Schindler (2004)
----
 | filename     = Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Klarinettenkonzert A-Dur - 1. Allegro.ogg
 | title        = I. Allegro
 | filename2    = Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Klarinettenkonzert A-Dur - 2. Adagio.ogg
 | title2       = II. Adagio
 | filename3    = Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Klarinettenkonzert A-Dur - 3. Rondo (Allegro).ogg
 | title3       = III. Rondo: Allegro
 | description3 =
 | help         =no}}
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" |
----
<small>{{Self reference|Problems playing these files? See [[Wikipedia:Media help|media help]]}}</small>
----
|} <!-- SAME QUESTION: In the reconstruction for basset clarinet published by Bärenreiter, 62 bars of the third movement contain clarinet passages in the bass clef with notes below low E flat. -->

== Recordings ==
The first recording of the concerto, made in 1929 ([[Brunswick Records]] 20076‑8), featured {{ill|Haydn Draper|ca}} as soloist, conducted by [[Clarence Raybould]]. It was followed by recordings with Luigi Amodio and {{ill|François Étienne|fr|François Étienne (clarinettiste)}} as soloists. None of these three versions were thought to have survived<ref name=gram>{{harvnb|McCarthy|2012}}</ref> but copies of Draper's version have been found in Australian pressings.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} The first recordings of the reconstructed counterpart were made in September 1968 with the Swiss clarinettist {{ill|Hans-Rudolph Stalder|fr}} and the Cologne Chamber Orchestra, conducted by [[Helmut Müller-Brühl]]. For this and for concert performances, Stalder had a modern [[Boehm system (clarinet)|Boehm]] [[basset clarinet]] built at the [[F. Arthur Uebel]] factory in [[Markneukirchen]], Saxony.<ref name="Colin">{{citation|author1=[[Colin Lawson]]|author2=[[Julian Rushton]]|series=Cambridge Music Handbooks|title=Mozart |date=1996 |isbn=0-521-47929-0 |pages=51|publisher=Cambridge University Press | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WCa3fi0BflUC&dq=arthur+uebel+article+clarinet&pg=PA51}}</ref>

The first recording using a reconstruction of a period basset clarinet was in 1973 on the [[EMI Classics|EMI label]] with Hans Deinzer and the conductorless [[Collegium Aureum]].<ref name=gram/> Parts of the concerto are heard in the score of ''[[The King's Speech]]'' (2010; orchestral sections only), and the Adagio is heard in ''[[Out of Africa (film)|Out of Africa]]'' (1985), with the soloist Jack Brymer.<ref>{{cite web | title= reDiscover Mozart's 'Clarinet Concerto'| url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/classical-features/mozart-clarinet-concerto |date=16 October 2023 | website=uDiscover Music |access-date=2 July 2024}}</ref>

Other recordings of the concerto include:<!-- Can we mark which ones are with the basset clarinet? -->
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Soloist
!Conductor
!Orchestra
!Label
|-
|1940
|[[Reginald Kell]]
|[[Malcolm Sargent]]
|[[London Philharmonic Orchestra|London Philharmonic]]
|[[His Master's Voice (British record label)|His Master's Voice]]
|-
|1949
|[[Leopold Wlach]]
|[[Herbert von Karajan]]
|[[Vienna Philharmonic]]
|Columbia
|-
|1952
|[[Louis Cahuzac]]
|[[Mogens Wöldike]]
|[[Danish Chamber Orchestra|Danish Radio Chamber]]
|Haydn Society
|-
|1957
|[[Benny Goodman]]
|[[Charles Munch (conductor)|Charles Munch]]
|[[Boston Symphony Orchestra]]
|RCA
|-
|1958
|[[Bernard Walton]]
|[[Herbert von Karajan]]
|[[Philharmonia Orchestra]]
|Warner Classics
|-
|1960
|[[Jack Brymer]]
|[[Thomas Beecham|Sir Thomas Beecham]]
|[[Royal Philharmonic Orchestra|Royal Philharmonic]]
|His Master's Voice
|-
|1960
|[[Gervase de Peyer]]
|[[Peter Maag]]
|[[London Symphony Orchestra|London Symphony]]
|Decca
|-
|1961
|[[Anthony Gigliotti]]
|[[Eugene Ormandy]]
|[[Philadelphia Orchestra]]
|Columbia
|-
|1972
|[[Karl Leister]]
|[[Herbert von Karajan]]
|[[Berlin Philharmonic]]
|Deutsche Grammophon
|-
|1974
|[[Alfred Prinz]]
|[[Karl Böhm]]
|Vienna Philharmonic
|Deutsche Grammophon
|-
|1985
|[[Thea King]]
|[[Jeffrey Tate]]
|[[English Chamber Orchestra|English Chamber]]
|Hyperion
|-
|1989
|[[Richard Stoltzman]]
|[[Alexander Schneider]]
|English Chamber
|RCA Victor Gold Seal
|-
|1989
|Karl Leister
|[[Neville Marriner]]
|[[Academy of St Martin in the Fields]]
|Philips
|-
|1990
|[[Colin Lawson]]
|[[Roy Goodman]]
|[[Hanover Band]]
|Nimbus Records
|-
|1990
|[[Sabine Meyer]]
|[[Hans Vonk (conductor)|Hans Vonk]]
|[[Staatskapelle Dresden]]
|EMI
|-
|1990
|[[Antony Pay]]
|[[Christopher Hogwood]]
|[[Academy of Ancient Music]]
|Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre
|-
|1992
|[[David Shifrin]]
|[[Gerard Schwarz]]
|[[Mostly Mozart Festival]]
|Delos
|-
|1993
|[[Jacques Lancelot]]
|[[Jean-François Paillard]]
|Paillard Chamber
|Erato
|-
|1994
|[[Ernst Ottensamer]]
|[[Colin Davis]]
|Vienna Philharmonic
|Philips
|-
|1998
|Franklin Cohen
|[[Christoph von Dohnányi]]
|[[Cleveland Orchestra|Cleveland]]
|Decca
|-
|1988
|[[Wolfgang Meyer]]
|[[Nikolaus Harnoncourt]]
|[[Concentus Musicus Wien|Vienna Concentus Musicus]]
|Teldec
|-
|1998
|[[Dieter Klöcker]]
|[[Dieter Klöcker]]
|Prague Chamber
|MDG
|-
|1998
|[[Sabine Meyer]]
|[[Claudio Abbado]]
|Berlin Philharmonic
|EMI
|-
|2002
|[[Charles Neidich]]
|—
|[[Orpheus Chamber Orchestra]]
|Deutsche Grammophon
|-
|2003
|[[Martin Fröst]]
|[[Peter Oundjian]]
|{{ill|Amsterdam Sinfonietta|nl}}
|BIS
|-
|2004
|Anthony Pike
|[[Ralf Gothóni]]
|English Chamber
|Avie
|-
|2005
|Gili Rinot
|Doris Hagel
|Capella Weilburgensis
|Hänssler
|-
|2007
|Lorenzo Coppola
|[[Gottfried von der Goltz]]
|[[Freiburger Barockorchester]]
|Harmonia Mundi
|-
|2008
|Joan Enric Lluna
|[[Antony Pay]]
|English Chamber
|Cala Records
|-
|2010
|[[Sebastian Manz]]
|[[Cornelius Meister]]
|Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks
|BR Klassik
|-
|2011
|[[Sharon Kam]]
|[[Sharon Kam]]
|{{ill|Haydn Philharmonie|de|Österreichisch-Ungarische Haydn-Philharmonie}}
|Berlin Classics
|-
|2012
|[[Emma Johnson (clarinettist)|Emma Johnson]]
|[[Emma Johnson (clarinettist)|Emma Johnson]]
|Royal Philharmonic
|Nimbus
|-
|2012
|Benjamin Dieltjens
|[[Leonardo García Alarcón]]
|New Century Baroque
|Ambronay
|-
|2013
|Michael Collins
|Michael Collins
|[[Swedish Chamber Orchestra|Swedish Chamber]]
|Chandos
|-
|2013
|Charles Neidich
|—
|Orchestra Solamente naturali
|Bremen Radio Hall Records
|-
|2013
|Patrick Messina
|[[Riccardo Muti]]
|[[Orchestre National de France]]
|Radio France
|-
|2013
|Eric Hoeprich
|[[Frans Brüggen]]
|[[Orchestra of the Eighteenth Century]]
|Philips, Glossa
|-
|2013
|[[Alessandro Carbonare]]
|[[Claudio Abbado]]
|[[Orchestra Mozart]]
|Deutsche Grammophon
|-
|2013
|Martin Fröst
|Martin Fröst
|[[Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen]]
|BIS
|-
|2014
|[[Julian Bliss]]
|[[Mario Venzago]]
|[[Royal Northern Sinfonia]]
|Signum Classics
|-
|2016
|[[Jörg Widmann]]
|[[Peter Ruzicka]]
|[[Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin]]
|Orfeo
|-
|2018
|Roeland Hendrikx
|[[Martyn Brabbins]]
|[[London Philharmonic Orchestra|London Philharmonic]]
|EPR Classic
|-
|2018
|Julien Hervé
|[[Gustavo Gimeno]]
|[[Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra|Rotterdam Philharmonic]]
|NoMadMusic
|-
|2023
|Pierre Génisson
|Jakob Lehmann
|[[Concerto Köln]]
|Erato
|-
|2024
|Ernst Schlader
|Bernhard Forck
|[[Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin]]
|Pentatone
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|25em}}

===Sources===
====Books====
*{{cite book|last=Hildesheimer|first=Wolfgang|author-link=Wolfgang Hildesheimer|title=Mozart|date=1983|location=London|publisher=Dent|isbn=978-0-460-04347-2}} 
*{{cite book| last = Lawson| first = Colin| author-link=Colin Lawson|title = Mozart: Clarinet Concerto| location = Cambridge| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1996 |isbn=978-0-521-47929-5}}
*{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/classicalstyleha00rose|url-access=registration|isbn=0-393-04020-8|title=The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven|last=Rosen|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Rosen|publisher=W. W. Norton|year=1997|location=New York}}
*{{cite Grove|last=Shackleton|first=Nicholas|id=40001|title=Basset clarinet|date=2001}} {{subscription required}}

====Journals====
*{{cite journal | last = Adelson | first = Rob | title = Reading between the (Ledger) Lines: Performing Mozart's Music for the Basset Clarinet | journal = Performance Practice Review | pages = 152–191 | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | date = Fall 1997 | doi = 10.5642/perfpr.199710.02.03 | doi-access = free }}
*{{cite journal|last=Hacker|first=Alan|author-link=Alan Hacker|date=April 1969|title=Mozart and the Basset Clarinet|journal=[[The Musical Times]]|volume=110|issue=1514|pages=359–362|doi=10.2307/951470|jstor=951470}} {{subscription required}}
* {{cite magazine|last=König|first=Gisbert|title=[[:File:GisbertKoenig Reise.pdf|Eine Reise durch die deutsche Klarinettenbaulandschaft]]|language=de|trans-title=A journey through the German clarinet-making landscape|magazine=Rohrblatt|year=2023|volume=38|number=3|pages=107–117}}
* {{cite magazine|last=McCarthy|first=James|url=https://www.gramophone.co.uk/features/article/the-best-recordings-of-mozart-s-clarinet-concerto|title=The best recordings of Mozart's Clarinet Concerto|magazine=[[Gramophone (magazine)|Gramophone]]|date=February 2012}}
*{{cite journal | last= Poulin| first = Pamela L.|title= The Basset Clarinet of Anton Stadler| journal = College Music Symposium|pages=67–82|volume = 22|issue=2|date= Fall 1982| jstor = 40375184}} {{subscription required}}
*{{cite journal |last= Ward|first= Martha Kingdon| title = Mozart and the Clarinet| journal = [[Music & Letters]]| date = April 1947|volume=28|issue=2| pages = 126–153|doi= 10.1093/ml/XXVIII.2.126|jstor= 855526}} {{subscription required}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Klarinettenkonzert A-Dur|Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)}}
* {{NMA|139|3|140|4|{{noitalic|Konzert in A für Klarinette und Orchester, KV 622}}|bullet=no}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Clarinet Concerto in A major, K.622 (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)|cname=Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)}}
* {{cite web|translator=William McColl|translator-link=William McColl (clarinetist)|url=http://www.faculty.washington.edu/wmccoll/Mozart%20Clarinet%20Concerto.pdf|url-status=dead|title=An early review of the Mozart ''Concerto''|language=de,en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116204404/http://www.faculty.washington.edu/wmccoll/Mozart%20Clarinet%20Concerto.pdf|archive-date=16 November 2023}} Reprint and translation of {{cite journal|author=Anon.|title=Recension|language=de|journal=[[Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung]]|volume=4|date=March 1802|at=cols. 408–414|ref=none}} Originally published in {{cite journal|author=William McColl|title=An early review of the Mozart ''Concerto''|journal=The Clarinet|volume=9|number=2|year=1982|ref=none}} and in the appendix of {{harvp|Lawson|1996}}.
* [https://mozartbassetclarinet.wordpress.com/a-new-edition-of-kv-622/ ''Clarinet Concerto KV 622'', reconstruction for basset clarinet] A new edition based on the three early prints, critical report and commentary.

{{Mozart woodwind concertos}}
{{Portal bar|Classical music}}
{{Authority control|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:1791 compositions]]
[[Category:Concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
[[Category:Clarinet concertos|Mozart]]
[[Category:Compositions in A major]]