View source for Cliopsis

{{Short description|Species of gastropod}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = ''Cliopsis krohnii''
| image = Cliopsis krohnii.jpg
| parent_authority = [[Franz Hermann Troschel|Troschel]], 1854
| taxon = Cliopsis krohnii
| authority = Troschel, 1854
| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}} (Genus)
* ''Clionopsis'' [lapsus]
(Species)
* ''Clio mediterranea'' <small>Gegenbaur, 1855</small>
* ''Cliopsis grandis'' {{small|Boas, 1886}}
* ''Clionopsis modesta'' <small>Pelseneer, 1887</small>
* ''Cliopsis modesta'' {{small|Pelseneer, 1887}}
* ''Cliopsis microcephalus'' {{small|Tesch, 1904}}
{{hidden end}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=irmng/>
}}

'''''Cliopsis''''' <small>Troschel, 1854</small><ref>{{cite journal|author=Troschel, F.H.|date= 1854|title= Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pteropoden|journal= Archiv für Naturgeschichte |volume=20|issue=1|pages= 196–241 [222]|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7074855}}</ref><ref name="irmng">{{Cite web|title=IRMNG - ''Cliopsis krohnii'' Troschel, 1854|url=https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10229873|access-date=2022-02-08|website=www.irmng.org}}</ref> is a genus of sea angels belonging to the family [[Cliopsidae]]. It is [[monotypic]], being represented by the single species '''''Cliopsis krohnii'''''.

==Taxonomy==
The Marine Species Identification Portal<ref>[http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=zsao&menuentry=soorten&id=2634&tab=beschrijving Marine Species Identification Portal : Cliopsis krohnii]</ref> recognizes three [[Polymorphism (biology)|morphs]] :
* ''Cliopsis krohni'' morpha ''grandis'' <small>Boas, 1886</small>; body length : 40&nbsp;mm
* ''Cliopsis krohni'' morpha ''krohni'' <small>Troschel, 1854</small>; body length : 24&nbsp;mm
* ''Cliopsis krohni'' morpha ''modesta'' <small>(Pelseneer, 1887)</small>; body length : 3&nbsp;mm

== Description ==
''Cliopsis krohnii'' has a  somewhat long, flabby, gelatinous body with a bluish aspect. The head is rather small with the nuchal tentacles much developed. The posterior gill possesses four distinct radiating hexagonal crests lacking foldings or fringes. The foot is reduced to three small median lobes. The anterior lobes of the foot show a posterior right angle. The posterior end of the foot has a folded tubercle that is not divided by longitudinal wrinkle in the middle. The distal extremities of the fins are rounded. It  lacks a shell except during its early [[embryo]]nic stage. The small lateral winglike flaps ([[Parapodium|parapodia]]) are used in a slow swimming mode.

This species is a highly specialized predator. It preys on [[Pseudothecosomata|pseudothecosomes]], such as ''Corolla''. On making contact with the wide mucous web of its victim, it grabs the victim with a long [[proboscis]] (up to twice its own length), [[chitin]]ous hooks (with the hook sacs containing about 60 hooks) and cutting [[radula]]r teeth. They can eat victims three times their own size.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rudman|first=W. B.|date=2010-07-15|title=The Sea Slug Forum - ''Cliopsis krohni''|url=http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/cliokroh|access-date=2022-02-08|website=www.seaslugforum.net|publisher=Australian Museum|language=en}}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat==
''Cliopsis krohnii'' is a small free-swimming [[sea slug]], found in all warm and temperate seas where it is pelagic and lives amidst [[plankton]] as deep as 1,500 m.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120306073931/http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-58/README.htm Report of the Scientific results of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger (1873-1876), Zoology, part LVIII (1887) : Report on the Pteropoda by Paul Pelseneer]
*[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139185 WoRMS : Cliopsis krohnii]

== Further reading ==
*Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp.&nbsp;180–213
*Rolán, E. (2005). Malacological fauna from the Cape Verde Archipelago: 1. Polyplacophora and Gastropoda. ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. {{Listed Invalid ISBN|3-325-31973-2}}. 455 pp.
*Willan, R. (2009). Opisthobranchia (Mollusca). In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3169575}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cliopsis Krohnii}}
[[Category:Cliopsidae]]
[[Category:Gastropods described in 1854]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Franz Hermann Troschel]]