View source for Collège de France

{{short description|Higher education and research establishment in Paris, France}}
{{about|the tertiary education college in Paris|other uses|Collège de France (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox university
| name = {{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}}
| image_name = Collège de France logo.svg
| image_size = 150px
| image_alt = 
| caption = Coat of arms of the {{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}}, given by [[Louis XIV]] with [[letters patent]] in 1699
| latin_name = Collegium Franciæ Regium<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search |url=https://archive.org/search?query=%22Collegium+Franci%C3%A6+Regium%22&sin=TXT |website=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
| motto = ''Docet omnia'' ([[Latin]])
| motto_lang = la
| mottoeng = Teaches all
| established = {{start date and age|1530}} ([[royal charter]])
| founder = [[Francis I of France]]
| closed = 
| type = [[Public]]
| affiliation = [[PSL University]], [[Consortium Couperin]]<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.couperin.org/presentation/membres |title=Les membres de Couperin |language=fr |work=[[Couperin.org]] |access-date=12 July 2018 |archive-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117072244/https://www.couperin.org/presentation/membres |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| head_label = Administrator
| head = [[Thomas Römer]]
| academic_staff = 47 chairs (2016)
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| city = [[Paris]]
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| country = [[France]]
| coor = {{coord|48|50|57|N|002|20|44|E|region:FR|display=title}}
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| former_names = {{Lang|fr|Collège royal|italic=no}}, Collège national, Collège impérial 
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| website = {{url|www.college-de-france.fr}}
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[[File:Collège_de_France,_place_Marcelin-Berthelot,_Paris_5e.jpg|thumb|The primary entrance to the {{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}}]]
The '''{{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}}''' ({{IPA|fr|kɔlɛʒ də fʁɑ̃s|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-Collège de France.wav}}; formerly known as the {{Lang|fr|Collège Royal}} or as the ''Collège impérial''), founded in 1530 by [[François I]], is a higher education and research establishment ({{Lang|fr|[[grand établissement]]}}) in [[France]]. It is located in [[Paris]] near [[Sorbonne (building)|La Sorbonne]]. The {{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}} has been considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment.<ref name="Appelrouth Desfor 2008">{{cite book|title=Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory: Text and Readings|first1=Scott |last1=Appelrouth |first2=Laura Desfor |last2=Edles |url=https://archive.org/details/classicalcontemp0000appe|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/classicalcontemp0000appe/page/641 641]|publisher=Pine Forge Press|year= 2008|oclc=1148204416|isbn=9780761927938}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Paralyses: Literature, Travel, and Ethnography in French Modernity|author=John Culbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OI_7IvJ1O30C&pg=PA257|page=257|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0803234192}}</ref> It is an associate member of [[PSL University]].<ref name="2019-1130">{{Cite web |title=Decree 2019-1130 creating Université Paris sciences et lettres (Université PSL) |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jo_pdf.do?id=JORFTEXT000039323049 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723064807/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jo_pdf.do?id=JORFTEXT000039323049 |archive-date=2020-07-23 |access-date=2020-07-23}}</ref>
 
Research and teaching are closely linked at the {{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}}, whose ambition is to teach "the knowledge that is being built up in all fields of literature, science and the arts". 

==Overview==
As of 2021, 21 [[Nobel Prize]] winners and 9 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with the  Collège. It does not grant degrees. Each professor is required to give lectures where attendance is free and open to anyone. Professors, about 50 in number, are chosen by the professors themselves, from a variety of disciplines, in both [[science]] and the [[humanities]].  The motto of the Collège is ''Docet Omnia'', [[Latin]] for "It teaches everything"; its goal is to "teach science in the making" and can be best summed up by [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty]]'s phrase: "Not acquired truths, but the idea of freely-executed research"<ref>"Non pas des vérités acquises, mais l'idée d'une recherche libre". The entire sentence is in fact: "Ce que le Collège de France, depuis sa fondation, est chargé de donner à ses auditeurs, ce ne sont pas des vérités acquises, c'est l'idée d'une recherche libre." From Merleau-Ponty's inaugural lecture at the Collège de France, reproduced in: Maurice Merleau-Ponty, ''Éloge de la philosophie et autres essais'', Paris: Gallimard, 1989, p. 13. </ref> which is inscribed in golden letters above the main hall. [[File:Cour_intérieure_Collège_de_France,_Paris_5e.jpg|thumb|The courtyard of the {{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}}]]
The Collège has research laboratories and one of the best{{Peacock term|date=December 2024}} [[research library|research libraries]] of Europe, with sections focusing on [[history]] with rare books, [[humanities]], [[social sciences]] and also [[chemistry]] and [[physics]]. 

As of June 2009, over 650 audio podcasts of {{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}} lectures are available on iTunes. Some are also available in [[English language|English]] and [[Chinese language|Chinese]]. Similarly, the {{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}}'s website hosts several videos of classes.
The classes are followed by various students, from senior researchers to PhD or master's students, or even undergraduates. Moreover, the "leçons inaugurales" (first lessons) are important events in Paris intellectual and social life and attract a very large public of curious Parisians.

== History ==
The Collège was established by [[Francis I of France|King Francis I of France]], modeled after the [[Collegium Trilingue]] in [[Leuven|Louvain]], at the urging of [[Guillaume Budé]]. Of [[humanism|humanist]] inspiration, the school was established as an alternative to the [[Collège de Sorbonne|Sorbonne]] to promote such disciplines as [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Greek language|Ancient Greek]] (the first teacher being the celebrated scholar [[Janus Lascaris]]) and [[Mathematics]].<ref>''Byzance et l'Europe : Colloque à la Maison de l'Europe, Paris, 22 avril 1994'', [[Helen Antoniadis-Bibicou|H. Antoniadis-Bibicou]] (Ed.), 2001, ISBN/ISSN/EAN: 291142720.</ref> Initially called {{Lang|fr|Collège royal}}, and later ''Collège des trois langues'' (Latin, ancient Greek and Hebrew), ''Collège national'', and ''Collège impérial'', it was named {{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}} in 1870. In 2010, it became a founding associate of [[PSL Research University]] (a community of Parisian universities).

== Administrators ==
{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
* 1800–1823: [[Louis Lefèvre‑Gineau]]
* 1824–1838: [[Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy]]
* 1838–1840: [[Louis Jacques Thénard|Louis Thénard]]
* 1840–1848: [[Jean-Antoine Letronne]]
* 1848–1852: [[Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire]]
* 1852–1853: {{ill|Xavier de Portets|qid=Q61888626|short=yes}}

* 1853–1854: {{ill|Jacques Rinn|fr}}

* 1854–1873: [[Stanislas Julien]]
* 1873–1883: [[Édouard René de Laboulaye]]
* 1883–1892: [[Ernest Renan]]
* 1892–1894: [[Gaston Boissier]]
* 1894–1903: [[Gaston Paris]]
* 1903–1911: [[Pierre Émile Levasseur|Émile Levasseur]]
* 1911–1929: {{ill|Maurice Croiset|fr||ru|Круазе, Морис|de}}
* 1929–1936: [[Joseph Bédier]]
* 1937–1955: [[Edmond Faral]]
* 1955–1965: [[Marcel Bataillon]]
* 1966–1974: [[Étienne Wolff]]
* 1974–1980: {{ill|Alain Horeau|fr}}
* 1980–1991: {{ill|Yves Laporte|fr}}
* 1991–1997: [[André Miquel]]
* 1997–2000: [[Gilbert Dagron]]
* 2000–2006: [[Jacques Glowinski]]
* 2006–2012: [[Pierre Corvol]]
* 2012–2015: [[Serge Haroche]]
* 2015–2019: [[Alain Prochiantz]]
* Since 2019: [[Thomas Römer]]
{{div col end}}

==Faculty==

The faculty of the {{Lang|fr|Collège de France|italic=no}} currently comprises fifty-two Professors, elected by the Professors themselves from among Francophone scholars<ref>Francophone only in the sense that they have to be able to teach in French; they are not required to be native speakers of French or to come from or to have studied in a Francophone country: see for example [[Sanjay Subrahmanyam]] who is Indian: [https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/sanjay-subrahmanyam/Biographie.htm Sanjay Subrahmanyam's biography on the site of the Collège de France] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040326/http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/sanjay-subrahmanyam/Biographie.htm |date=2017-12-01 }}</ref> in subjects including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, history, archaeology, linguistics, oriental studies, philosophy, the social sciences and other fields. Two chairs are reserved for foreign scholars who are invited to give lectures. 

== Notable faculty ==
Notable faculty members include [[Serge Haroche]], awarded with [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 2012. Notably, eight [[Fields medal]] winners have been affiliated with the College.

{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
* [[Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat]]
* [[Raymond Aron]]
* [[Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie]]
* [[Etienne Baluze]]
* [[Roland Barthes]]
* [[Simon Baudichon]]<ref>{{Cite book|language=fr |author=Guillaume Du Val |title=Le Collège Royal de France. Institution, Establissement et Catalogue des Lecteurs et Professeurs Ordinaires du Roy |publisher=Bovillette |year=1644 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6iJPAAAAcAAJ&q=Baudichon |access-date=16 January 2021 }}</ref>
* [[Émile Benveniste]]
* [[Henri Bergson]]
* [[Claude Bernard]]
* [[Marcelin Berthelot]]
* [[Yves Bonnefoy]]
* [[Pierre Boulez]]
* [[Pierre Bourdieu]]
* [[Jean-François Champollion]]
* [[Jean-Pierre Changeux]]
* [[Roger Chartier]]
* [[Anne Cheng]]<ref name=AnneChengProfile>"[http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/anne-cheng/biographie.htm Anne Cheng Biographie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401230409/https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/anne-cheng/biographie.htm |date=2017-04-01 }}."  Collège de France. Retrieved on 11 December 2013.</ref>
* [[Claude Cohen-Tannoudji]]
* [[Alain Connes]]
* [[Yves Coppens]]
* [[Georges Cuvier]]
* [[Marie Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville]]
* [[Jean Darcet]]
* [[Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval]]
* [[Pierre-Gilles de Gennes]]
* [[Émile Deschanel]]
* [[Georges Duby]]
* [[Georges Dumézil]]
* [[Lucien Febvre]]
* [[Oronce Fine]]
* [[Michel Foucault]]
* [[Ferdinand André Fouqué]]
* [[Etienne Fourmont]]
* [[Marc Fumaroli]]
* [[Albert Gabriel]]
* [[Jean-Baptiste Gail]]
* [[Charles Gide]]
* [[Étienne Gilson]] 
* [[Jerzy Grotowski]]
* [[Martial Gueroult]]
* [[Ian Hacking]]
* [[Eugène Auguste Ernest Havet]]
* [[Barthélemy d'Herbelot]]
* [[Françoise Héritier]]
* [[Frédéric Joliot]]
* [[Alfred Jost]]
* [[Stanislas Julien]]
* [[René Labat (assyriologist)|René Labat]]
* [[Edouard Rene Lefebvre de Laboulaye]]
* [[Sylvestre François Lacroix]]
* [[René Laennec]]
* [[Paul Langevin]]
* [[Henri Lebesgue]] 
* [[René Leriche]]
* [[Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie]]
* [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]]
* [[André Lichnerowicz]]
* [[Alfred Loisy]]
* [[Edmond Malinvaud]]
* [[Henri Maspero]]
* [[Louis Massignon]]
* [[Marcel Mauss]]
* [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty]]
* [[Jules Michelet]]
* [[Adam Mickiewicz]]
* [[Jean-Baptiste Morin (mathematician)|Jean-Baptiste Morin]]
* [[Alexis Paulin Paris]]
* [[Abel Pavet de Courteille]]
* [[Paul Pelliot]]
* [[François Pétis de la Croix]]
* [[Guillaume Postel]]
* [[Edgar Quinet]]
* [[Petrus Ramus]]
* [[Henri Victor Regnault]]
* [[Louis_Robert_(historian)|Louis Robert]]
* [[Jean-Baptiste Say]]
* [[Victor Scialac]]
* [[Jean-Pierre Serre]]
* [[François Simiand]]
* [[Gabriel Sionita]]
* [[André Vaillant]]
* [[Paul Valéry]]
* [[François Vatable]]
* [[Jean-Pierre Vernant]]
* [[Claire Voisin]]<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/claire-voisin/Biographie.htm Biography at Collège de France website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630232035/http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/claire-voisin/Biographie.htm |date=2016-06-30 }}</ref>
* [[Jules Vuillemin]] 
* [[Harald Weinrich]]<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/harald-weinrich/index.htm Biography at Collège de France website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143234/https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/harald-weinrich/index.htm |date=2018-08-25 }}</ref>
* [[Jean-Christophe Yoccoz]]
* [[Jean Yoyotte]]<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://asr.revues.org/891 Nécrologie de M. Jean Yoyotte (1927–2009) par Christiane Zivie-Coche] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908134258/http://asr.revues.org/891 |date=2014-09-08 }}</ref>
* [[Don Zagier]]

{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Institut de France]]
*[[Raymond Couvègnes]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Collège de France}}
*[http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/en-college/index.htm Collège de France website], English home page
{{Établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel}}
{{Public universities and higher education institutes in France}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:College De France}}
[[Category:Collège de France| ]]
[[Category:Education in Paris]]
[[Category:Grands établissements]]
[[Category:1530 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1530s]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in the 5th arrondissement of Paris]]