View source for Committee on Data of the International Science Council

{{Short description|Internal open science organization}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{primary sources|date=December 2016}}
{{Expand German|date=September 2016}}
}}

{{redir|CODATA}}

{{Infobox organization
| name                = Committee on Data <br />of the International Science Council
| image               = 
| image_border        = 
| size                = 
| alt                 = 
| caption             = CODATA
| map                 = 
| msize               = 
| malt                = 
| mcaption            = 
| abbreviation        = CODATA
| motto               = 
| formation           = {{start date|1966}}
| extinction          = 
| type                = [[International non-governmental organization]]
| status              = 
| purpose             = 
| headquarters        = 
| location            = Paris, France
| region_served       = Worldwide
| membership          = 
| language            = English, French
| leader_title        = President
| leader_name         = [[Mercè Crosas]] (2023–)
| main_organ          = 
| parent_organization = [[International Science Council]] (ISC)
| affiliations        = 
| num_staff           = 
| num_volunteers      = 
| budget              = 
| website             = codata.org
| remarks             = 
}}

The '''Committee on Data of the International Science Council''' ('''CODATA''') was established in 1966 as the '''Committee on Data for Science and Technology''', originally part of the [[International Council of Scientific Unions]], now part of the [[International Science Council]] (ISC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.codata.org/publications/codata-history|title=CODATA History – CODATA|website=codata.org|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref> Since November 2023 its president is the Catalan researcher Mercè Crosas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Asha |date=2023-11-01 |title=Mercè Crosas elected CODATA President |url=https://codata.org/merce-crosas-elected-codata-president/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=CODATA, The Committee on Data for Science and Technology |language=en-GB}}</ref>

CODATA exists to promote global collaboration to advance [[open science]] and to improve the availability and usability of [[data]] for all areas of [[research]]. CODATA supports the principle that data produced by research and susceptible to being used for research should be as open as possible and as closed as necessary. CODATA works also to advance the interoperability and the usability of such data; research data should be [[FAIR data|FAIR]] (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.codata.org/working-groups/fair-data-expert-group|title=EC Expert Group on Turning FAIR Data into Reality – CODATA|website=codata.org|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref> By promoting the policy, technological, and cultural changes that are essential to promote open science, CODATA helps advance ISC's vision and mission of advancing science as a global public good.

The CODATA Strategic Plan 2015 and Prospectus of Strategy and Achievement 2016 identify three priority areas:
# promoting principles, policies and practices for [[open data]] and open science;
# advancing the frontiers of [[data science]];
# building capacity for open science by improving data skills and the functions of national science systems needed to support open data.

CODATA achieves these objectives through a number of standing committees and strategic executive led initiatives, and through its task groups and working groups.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.codata.org/about-codata/our-mission|title=CODATA's Mission – CODATA|website=codata.org|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref> CODATA also works closely with member unions and associations of ISC to promote the efforts on open data and open science.<ref name="Nature Correspondence">{{cite journal |author-last1=Ma |author-first1=Xiaogang |author-last2=Wyborn |author-first2=Lesley |author-last3=Hodson |author-first3=Simon |date=2022 |title=Data sharing: more science unions must act |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03233-2 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=610 |issue=7931 |page=257 |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-03233-2|pmid=36220927 |bibcode=2022Natur.610..257M |s2cid=252784551 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Publications and conferences ==
CODATA supports the ''Data Science Journal''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://datascience.codata.org/|title=Data Science Journal|website=datascience.codata.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref> and collaborates on major data conferences like SciDataCon<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scidatacon.org/|title=SciDataCon|website=www.scidatacon.org|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref> and International Data Week.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internationaldataweek.org/|title=INTERNATIONAL DATA WEEK|website=internationaldataweek.org|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref>

In October 2020 CODATA is co-organising an International FAIR Symposium<ref>{{Cite web |title=Save the Date: International FAIR Convergence Symposium & CODATA General Assembly in Paris on 22–24 October 2020 – CODATA |url=http://www.codata.org/news/372/62/Save-the-Date-International-FAIR-Convergence-Symposium-CODATA-General-Assembly-in-Paris-on-22-24-October-2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217140958/http://www.codata.org/news/372/62/Save-the-Date-International-FAIR-Convergence-Symposium-CODATA-General-Assembly-in-Paris-on-22-24-October-2020 |archive-date=17 Feb 2020 |access-date=2020-02-16 |website=codata.org}}</ref> together with the GO FAIR initiative to provide a forum for advancing international and cross-domain convergence around [[FAIR data|FAIR]]. The event will bring together a global data community with an interest in combining data across domains for a host of research issues – including major global challenges, such as those relating to the [[Sustainable Development Goals]]. Outcomes will directly link to the CODATA Decadal Programme<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.codata.org/strategic-initiatives/decadal-programme|title=Decadal Programme – CODATA|website=codata.org|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref> Data for the Planet: making data work for cross-domain grand challenges and to the developments of GO FAIR community towards the Internet of FAIR data and services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.go-fair.org/implementation-networks/|title=Implementation Networks|website=GO FAIR|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.go-fair.org/today/|title=GO FAIR Today|website=GO FAIR|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref>

{{anchor|1.0|1.1|1.2|1.3|2.0|2.1|3.0|3.1|3.2|4.0|4.1|4.2|5.0|5.1|5.2|6.0|6.1|6.2|6.3|7.0|7.1|7.2}}

== Task Group on Fundamental Physical Constants ==
<!-- redirect anchors for CODATA version numbers can be found immediately above this section header -->
One of the CODATA strategic Initiatives and Task Groups concentrates on Fundamental Physical Constants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.codata.org/committees-and-groups/fundamental-physical-constants|title=Fundamental Physical Constants – CODATA|website=www.codata.org|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref> Established in 1969, its purpose is to periodically provide the international scientific and technological communities with an internationally accepted set of values of the [[physical constant|fundamental physical constant]]s and closely related [[conversion factor]]s for use worldwide.

The first such CODATA set was published in 1973.<ref name="CODATA1973"/>  Later versions are named based on the year of the data incorporated; the 1986 CODATA (published April 1987) used data up to 1 January 1986.<ref name="CODATA1986"/>  All subsequent releases use data up to the ''end'' of the stated year, and are necessarily published a year or two later, with an additional gap between the values themselves and the paper explaining how they were arrived at: 1998 (April 2000),<ref name="CODATA1998"/> 2002 (January 2005),<ref name="CODATA2002"/> 2006 (June 2008),<ref name="CODATA2006"/> 2010 (November 2012),<ref name="CODATA2010"/> 2014 (June 2015),<ref name="CODATA2014"/><ref name="CODATA2014Full"/> 2018 (May 2019),<ref name=CODATA2018Full/> and 2022 (May/August 2024).{{r|CODATA2022|CODATA2022Full}}

The CODATA recommended values of fundamental physical constants are published at the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty.<ref name="NISTCUU"/>

=== Schedule ===
Since 1998, the task group has produced a new version every four years, incorporating results published up to the end of the specified year.

In order to support the [[2019 revision of the SI]],<ref name="Minutes2014"/><ref name="CODATA2014Full"/> adopted at the 26th [[General Conference on Weights and Measures]] on 16 November 2018, CODATA made a special release that was published in October 2017.<ref name="CODATATaskGroup"/><ref>
{{cite journal
| last1      = Newell| first1 = David B.
| author2    = Franco Cabiati
| author3    = Joachim Fischer
| author4    = Kenichi Fujii
| author5    = Saveley G. Karshenboim
| author6    = Helen S. Margolis
| author7    = Estefania de Mirandes
| author8    = Peter J. Mohr
| author9    = Francois Nez
| author10   = Krzysztof Pachucki
| author11   = Terry J. Quinn
| author12   = Barry N. Taylor
| author13   = Meng Wang
| author14   = Barry Wood
| author15   = Zhonghua Zhang
| date       = 2017-10-20
| title      = The CODATA 2017 Values of ''h'', ''e'', ''k'', and ''N''<sub>A</sub> for the Revision of the SI
| journal    = Metrologia
| volume     = 55
| issue      = 1
| pages      = L13–L16
| doi        = 10.1088/1681-7575/aa950a
| bibcode    = 2018Metro..55L..13N
| doi-access = free
}}
</ref>
It incorporates all data up to 1 July 2017,<ref name="CODATA2014Full"/>{{rp|4,67}}<ref name="BIPM_20170701"/><ref name="NIST_20170711"/> and determines the final numerical values of [[Planck constant|''h'']], [[Elementary charge|''e'']], [[Boltzmann constant|''k'']], and [[Avogadro constant|''N''<sub>A</sub>]] that are used for the new SI definitions.

The regular version with a closing date of 31 December 2018<ref name="NISTCUU"/><ref name="CODATATaskGroup"/> was used to produce the new 2018 CODATA values that were made available by the time the revised SI came into force on 20 May 2019. This was necessary because the redefinitions have a significant (mostly beneficial) effect on the uncertainties and correlation coefficients reported by CODATA.

== See also ==
* [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]
* [[Particle Data Group]]

== References ==
{{reflist|40em|refs=
<!--(this citation is not used in content and was thus giving a cite error)
<ref name="Mons_Message">{{cite web |author-first=Barend |author-last=Mons |title=Message from President Barend Mons |date=2018 |url=http://www.codata.org/about-codata/message-from-president-barend-mons}}</ref>
-->
<ref name="CODATA1973">{{cite journal |author-last1=Cohen |author-first1=E. Richard |author-last2=Taylor |author-first2=Barry N. |date=1973 |title=The 1973 least-squares adjustment of the fundamental constants |url=https://www.nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd37.pdf |journal=[[Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data]] |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=663–734 |bibcode=1973JPCRD...2..663C |doi=10.1063/1.3253130|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221040533/http://nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd37.pdf|archive-date=2016-12-21|hdl=2027/pst.000029951949 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="CODATA1986">{{cite journal |author-last1=Cohen |author-first1=E. Richard |author-last2=Taylor |author-first2=Barry N. |date=1987 |title=The 1986 CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants |journal=[[Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards]] |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=85–95 |doi=10.6028/jres.092.010 |doi-access=free|pmc=5287000 }}</ref>
<ref name="CODATA1998">{{cite journal |author-first1=Peter J. |author-last1=Mohr |author-first2=Barry N. |author-last2=Taylor |title=CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 1998 |journal=[[Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data]] |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=1713–1852 |bibcode=1999JPCRD..28.1713M |doi=10.1063/1.556049 |year=1999 |url=https://www.nist.gov/pml/div684/fcdc/upload/rmp1998-2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001122752/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/pml/div684/fcdc/rmp1998-2.pdf|archive-date=2017-10-01}}</ref>
<ref name="CODATA2002">{{cite journal |author-first1=Peter J. |author-last1=Mohr |author-first2=Barry N. |author-last2=Taylor |title=CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2002 |url=https://www.nist.gov/pml/div684/fcdc/upload/rmp2002-2.pdf |journal=[[Reviews of Modern Physics]] |volume=77 |issue=1 |pages=1–107 |bibcode=2005RvMP...77....1M |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.77.1 |year=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001121924/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/pml/div684/fcdc/rmp2002-2.pdf|archive-date=2017-10-01}}</ref>
<ref name="CODATA2006">{{cite journal |author-last1=Mohr |author-first1=Peter J. |author-first2=Barry N. |author-last2=Taylor |author-first3=David B. |author-last3=Newell |year=2008 |issue=2 |title=CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006 |url=https://www.nist.gov/pml/div684/fcdc/upload/rmp2006-2.pdf |journal=[[Reviews of Modern Physics]] |volume=80 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.80.633 |pages=633–730 |bibcode=2008RvMP...80..633M |arxiv=0801.0028 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001121533/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/pml/div684/fcdc/rmp2006-2.pdf|archive-date=2017-10-01}}</ref>
<ref name="CODATA2010">{{cite journal |author-last1=Mohr |author-first1=Peter J. |author-last2=Taylor |author-first2=Barry N. |author-last3=Newell |author-first3=David B. |date=2012 |title=CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2010 |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/article2010.html |journal=[[Reviews of Modern Physics]] |volume=84 |issue=4 |pages=1527–1605 |arxiv=1203.5425 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1527 |bibcode=2012RvMP...84.1527M|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074704/https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/article2010.html|archive-date=2017-10-01}}</ref>
<ref name="CODATA2014">{{cite journal |author-last1=Mohr |author-first1=Peter J. |author-last2=Newell |author-first2=David B. |author-last3=Taylor |author-first3=Barry N. |date=2015 |title=CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2014 |journal=Zenodo |arxiv=1507.07956 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.22826 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name="CODATA2014Summary">{{cite journal |author-last1=Mohr |author-first1=Peter J. |author-last2=Newell |author-first2=David B. |author-last3=Taylor |author-first3=Barry N. |date=2015 |title=CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2014 – Summary |url=http://codata.org/blog/2015/08/04/codata-recommended-values-of-the-fundamental-physical-constants-2014/ |journal=Zenodo |doi=10.5281/zenodo.22827 |doi-access=free}}</ref> -->
<ref name="CODATA2014Full">{{cite journal |author-last1=Mohr |author-first1=Peter J. |author-last2=Newell |author-first2=David B. |author-last3=Taylor |author-first3=Barry N. |date=July–September 2016 |title=CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2014 |url=http://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=920687 |journal=[[Reviews of Modern Physics]] |volume=88 |issue=3 |article-number=035009 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009 |arxiv=1507.07956 |bibcode=2016RvMP...88c5009M |s2cid=1115862 |quote=This is a truly major development, because these uncertainties are now sufficiently small that the adoption of the new SI by the 26th CGPM is expected.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121183923/https://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=920687|archive-date=2018-11-21}}</ref>
<ref name="Minutes2014">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bipm.org/cc/TGFC/Allowed/Minutes/CODATA_Minutes_14-BIPM-public.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013174929/http://www.bipm.org/cc/TGFC/Allowed/Minutes/CODATA_Minutes_14-BIPM-public.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-13 |title=Report on the Meeting of the CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants |date=3–4 November 2014 |place=[[BIPM]] |author-first=Barry M. |author-last=Wood |page=7 |quote=[BIPM director Martin] Milton responded to a question about what would happen if ... the CIPM or the CGPM voted not to move forward with the redefinition of the SI. He responded that he felt that by that time the decision to move forward should be seen as a foregone conclusion.}}</ref>
<ref name="CODATATaskGroup">{{Cite web |url=http://www.codata.org/committees-and-groups/fundamental-physical-constants |title=Fundamental Physical Constants – CODATA |access-date=2017-11-08}}</ref>
<ref name="NISTCUU">{{cite web |author=CODATA |date=2015 |title=CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2014 |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/ |publisher=[[NIST]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220152804/https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/|archive-date=2018-12-20}}</ref>
<ref name="BIPM_20170701">{{cite web |title=Input data for the special CODATA-2017 adjustment |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/news/full-stories/2017-07-met-codata.html |date=2017-07-01 |publisher=[[BIPM]] |access-date=2017-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718172335/http://www.bipm.org/en/news/full-stories/2017-07-met-codata.html |archive-date=2017-07-18}}</ref>
<ref name="NIST_20170711">{{cite news |url=https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2017/06/new-measurement-will-help-redefine-international-unit-mass |date=2017-06-30 |access-date=2017-07-11 |title=New Measurement Will Help Redefine International Unit of Mass |publisher=[[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718184141/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2017/06/new-measurement-will-help-redefine-international-unit-mass |archive-date=2017-07-18}}</ref>
<ref name=CODATA2018Full>{{cite journal |first1=Eite |last1=Tiesinga |first2=Peter |last2=Mohr |first3=David B. |last3=Newell |first4=Barry |last4=Taylor |date=30 June 2021 |title=CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018 |journal=[[Reviews of Modern Physics]] |volume=93 |issue=2 |article-number=025010 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010 |pmid=36733295 |pmc=9890581 |bibcode=2021RvMP...93b5010T |url=https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=931443}}</ref>
<ref name="CODATA2022">{{citation |author1=Mohr, P. |author2=Tiesinga, E. |author3=Newell, D. |author4=Taylor, B. |date=2024-05-08 |title=Codata Internationally Recommended 2022 Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants |work=NIST |url=https://www.nist.gov/publications/codata-internationally-reconmmended-2022-values-fundamental-physical-constants |access-date=2024-05-15 }}</ref>
<ref name="CODATA2022Full">{{cite journal |first1=Peter J. |last1=Mohr |first2=David B. |last2=Newell |first3=Barry N. |last3=Taylor |first4=Eite |last4=Tiesinga |title=CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2022 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |date=2024-08-30 |volume=97 |issue=2 |article-number=025002 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.97.025002 |arxiv=2409.03787 |bibcode=2025RvMP...97b5002M }}</ref>
}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |author-last1=Cox |author-first1=J. D.<!-- possibly Jonathan David? --> |author-last2=Wagman |author-first2=Donald D. |author-last3=Medvedev |author-first3=Vadim Andreevich |date=1989 |url=https://archive.org/details/codatakeyvaluesf0000unse |title=CODATA Key values for thermodynamics |publisher=[[Hemisphere Publishing Corporation]] |isbn=0-89116-758-7}}
* {{SIbrochure9th}}
* {{cite web |work=[[Metrologia]] |author=[[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]] (BIPM) |title=Input data for the special CODATA-2017 adjustment |edition=Updated |date=2017-08-10 |url=http://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0026-1394/page/CODATA-2017_adjustment |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005021732/http://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0026-1394/page/CODATA-2017_adjustment |archive-date=5 Oct 2018 |access-date=2017-08-14}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://codata.org/}}
* [https://council.science International Science Council].  
* [https://www.nist.gov/pml/fundamental-physical-constants The NIST references on constants, units, and uncertainty]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:International standards]]
[[Category:Standards organisations in France]]
[[Category:Metrology organizations]]