View source for Constantin Brâncoveanu

{{Short description|Prince of Wallachia between 1688 and 1714}}
{{for multi|the village in [[Călărași County]]|Dragalina, Călărași|the [[Bucharest Metro]] station|Constantin Brâncoveanu metro station}}
{{Infobox royalty
|title               =
| name               =Constantin Brâncoveanu
| image              =Constantin Brancoveanu.jpg
| caption            =
| succession         =[[List of rulers of Wallachia|Prince of Wallachia]]
| reign1             =October 1688 – 15 August 1714
| predecessor1       =[[Șerban Cantacuzino]]
| successor1         =[[Ștefan Cantacuzino]]
| succession2        =
| reign2             =
| predecessor2       =
| successor2         =
| reign3             =
| predecessor3       =
| successor3         =
| spouse             =[[Doamna Marica Brâncoveanu]]
| issue              =Stanca (1676)<br /> Maria (1678)<br />Ilinca (1682)<br />Constantin (1683)<br />Ștefan (1685)<br />Safta (1686)<br />Radu (1690)<br />Ancuța (1691)<br />Bălaşa (1693)<br />Smaranda (1696)<br />Matei (1702)
| house              =
| house-type         =
| father             =
| mother             =
| birth_date         =15 August 1654
| birth_place        =[[Brâncoveni]], [[Wallachia]]
| death_date         =15 August 1714
| death_place        =[[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| religion           =[[Eastern Orthodox Christianity|Eastern Orthodox Christian]]
| signature          =File:Constantin Brâncoveanu's signature, Tismana Monastery charter of 1689.png
|}}

[[File:Aaa001 Constantin Brâncoveanu and family mural from 1709 at Hurezi monastery.jpg|thumb|260px|right|Constantin Brâncoveanu and family, mural from 1709 at [[Horezu Monastery|Hurezi monastery]]]]

{{Infobox saint
|honorific_prefix=[[Saints]] 
|name= Constantin, Constantin, Ștefan, Radu and Matei Brâncoveanu
|birth_date=1654 (Constantin)<br />1683 (Constantin)<br />1685 (Ștefan)<br />1690 (Radu)<br />1702 (Matei)
|death_date=15 August 1714
|feast_day= 16 August (Eastern Orthodox Church)
|venerated_in= [[Romanian Orthodox Church]] and [[Russian Orthodox Church]]<ref name=ROC/>
|image= C-tin Brancoveanu.jpg
|imagesize= 250px
|caption=
|birth_place= [[Brâncoveni]], [[Wallachia]]
|death_place= [[Istanbul]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
|titles= Brancoveanu Martyrs
|beatified_date=
|beatified_place=
|beatified_by=
|canonized_date=20 June 1992
|canonized_place=[[Bucharest]]
|canonized_by=
|attributes= They are usually depicted together, wearing golden cloaks.
|patronage= 
|major_shrine= Relics at the [[New St. George Church]], [[Bucharest]].
|suppressed_date=
|issues=
}}

'''Constantin Brâncoveanu''' ({{IPA|ro|konstanˈtin brɨŋkoˈve̯anu|-|Ro-Constantin Brîncoveanu.ogg}}; 1654 – August 15, 1714) was [[List of Wallachian rulers|Prince]] of [[Wallachia]] between 1688 and 1714.

==Biography==

===Ascension===
Constantin Brâncoveanu was the son of Pope Brâncoveanu (Matthew) and his wife, Stanca  [[Cantacuzino]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Zamfirache |first=Cosmin Pătraşcu |date=2024 |title=Ce origine etnică aveau de fapt cei mai faimoși voievozi ai românilor. Mulți nu erau băștinași „pur sânge” |url=https://adevarul.ro/stil-de-viata/magazin/ce-origine-etnica-aveau-de-fapt-cei-mai-faimosi-2336556.html |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=Adevarul |language=ro}}</ref> Maternally, he was a descendant of the noble [[Greeks|Greek]] family [[Cantacuzino family|Cantacuzino]].<ref name=":0" /> Paternally, he was a descendant of the [[Craiovești]] [[boyar]] family and heir through his grandfather Preda of a considerable part of [[Matei Basarab]]′s fortune.

Brâncoveanu was born on the [[Estate (land)|estate]] of [[Brâncoveni]] and raised in the house of his uncle, ''[[stolnic]]'' [[Constantin Cantacuzino (stolnic)|Constantin Cantacuzino]]. He rose to the throne after the death of his uncle, prince Şerban Cantacuzino. He was initially supported by his maternal uncles Constantin and Mihai Cantacuzino, but grew increasingly independent from them in the course of his reign. Constantin Cantacuzino retreated to one of his estates and began advocating his son [[Ștefan Cantacuzino|Ștefan]]'s candidacy to the throne.

===Policies===
The prince took steps in negotiating anti-Ottoman alliances first with the [[Habsburg monarchy]], and then with [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]]'s [[Imperial Russia|Russia]] (''see [[Russo-Turkish War, 1710-1711]]''): upon the 1710 Russian intervention in [[Moldavia]], the prince contacted Tsar Peter and accepted gifts from the latter, while his rivalry with the Moldavian [[List of rulers of Moldavia|Prince]] [[Dimitrie Cantemir]] (the main regional ally of the Russians) prevented a more decisive political move. Instead, Brâncoveanu gathered [[Wallachian Army|Wallachian troops]] in [[Urlați]], near the Moldavian border, awaiting for Russian troops to storm into his country and offer his services to the tsar, while also readying to join the Ottoman counter-offensive in the event of a change in fortunes. When several of his boyars fled to the Russian camp, the prince saw himself forced to decide in favor of the Ottomans or risk becoming an enemy of his Ottoman [[Suzerainty|suzerain]], and swiftly returned the gifts he had received from the Russians.

===Arrest and execution===
Such policies were eventually denounced to the [[Ottoman Porte|Porte]]. Brâncoveanu was deposed from his throne by [[Ottoman dynasty|Sultan]] [[Ahmed III]], and brought under arrest to [[Istanbul]], where he was imprisoned in 1714 at the fortress of [[Yedikule Fortress|Yedikule]] (''the Seven Towers'').
There he was tortured by the Ottomans, who hoped to locate the immense fortune he had supposedly amassed. He and his four sons were [[decapitation|beheaded]] on the same day in August, together with Prince Constantin's faithful friend, grand treasurer [[Ianache Văcărescu]]. Most importantly, Constantin and his sons were asked to renounce Christianity and join the Islamic religion, which would pardon them from beheading. They chose to keep their Christian faith.

According to his secretary, [[Anton Maria Del Chiaro]], their heads were then carried on poles through the streets of Istanbul, an episode which caused a great unrest in the city. Fearing a rebellion, including from that of the [[Islam|Muslim]] population which was outraged by the injustice done to the Prince, his sons and his close friend, he ordered for the bodies to be thrown into the [[Bosporus]]. Christian fishermen took the bodies from the water, and buried them at the Halchi Monastery, in the city's vicinity.<ref>Del Chiaro.</ref>

===Death and sanctification in Eastern Orthodoxy===
The circumstances and facts of Constantin's death are recorded in history, and his sanctification is recognized by all [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Churches]].

On 15 August 1714, [[Dormition of the Mother of God|the Feast of the Dormition]], when Constantin Brâncoveanu was also celebrating his 60th birthday, he and his four sons and [[Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia|boyar]] [[Ianache Văcărescu]] were brought before Sultan [[Ahmed III]] of Turkey. Diplomatic representatives of Austria, Russia, France and England were also present. After all of his fortune had been seized, in exchange for the life of his family he was asked to renounce the Orthodox Christian faith. He reportedly said: "Behold, all my fortunes and all I had, I have lost! Let us not lose our souls. Be brave and manly, my beloved! Ignore death. Look at how much Christ, our Savior, has endured for us and with what shameful death he died. Firmly believe in this and do not move, nor leave your faith for this life and this world." After this, his four sons, Constantin, Ștefan, Radu and Matei and advisor Ianache were beheaded in front of their father.<ref>Gheorghe Şincai - The chronicles of romanians and other populations, volume I-III, edition by F. Fugariu, Bucharest, 1978</ref>

It is also said that the smallest child, Matei (12 years old) was so frightened after seeing the bloodbath and the heads of his three brothers that he started crying and asking his father to let him renounce Christianity and convert to Islam. At that moment, Constantin Brâncoveanu said: "Of our kind none have lost their faith. It is better to die a thousand times than to leave your ancient faith just to live few more years on earth." Matei listened and offered his head. After Brâncoveanu himself was decapitated, their heads were impaled on javelins and displayed in a procession. Their bodies were left before the gate and later on thrown into the waters of the Bosphorus.<ref>Professor of Academy Niculae M. Popescu - The life and the facts of Constantin Brâncoveanu, prince of Romanian Country, Idaco Publishing, Bucharest, 2013, p. 16.</ref>

==Cultural contribution==
Brâncoveanu was a great [[Patronage|patron]] of culture, his achievements being part of the Romanian and world cultural heritage. Under his reign, many Romanian, [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Ottoman Turkish language|Turkish]], and [[Georgian language|Georgian]] texts were printed after a [[printing press]] was established in [[Bucharest]] - an institution overseen by [[Anthim the Iberian]]. In 1694, he founded the Royal Academy of [[Bucharest]].

In his religious and laic constructions, Brâncoveanu harmoniously combined in architecture the mural and sculptural painting, the local tradition, the [[Neo-Byzantine]] style and the innovative ideas of the [[Italian Renaissance]], giving rise to [[Brâncovenesc style]].<ref>Epoca lui Serban Cantacuzino si a lui Constantin Brancoveanu, p. 205, University of Bucharest, 2004.</ref> The most accomplished and the best preserved example of Brâncovenesc style architecture is [[Horezu Monastery|Hurezi monastery]], inscribed by [[UNESCO]] on its list of [[World Heritage Sites]], where Brâncoveanu intended to have his tomb. Other buildings built by him are [[Mogoșoaia Palace]] complex, Potlogi Palace, Brâncoveanu monastery. Such cultural ventures relied on increased taxation, which was also determined by the mounting fiscal pressure of the Ottomans (adding in turn to Brâncoveanu's determination to strip Wallachia of Turkish rule).

==Legacy==

Brâncoveanu left to the secular Romanian spirituality a few fundamental books, printed for the first time in Wallachia; among them, [[Aristotle's Ethics]], the Flower of the Gifts and the Philosophical Examples, the last two being translated and printed by [[Antim Ivireanul]]. 
The [[neo-Romanian style]] was born from the style of the monasteries, of the houses and of the palaces of Brâncoveanu and it became, through [[Ion Mincu]] and his school, the national style at the time of the affirmation of the cultural identities of the nations of [[Europe]] in the beginning of the 20th century.

The architectural [[Brâncovenesc style]] is found in the churches of the Monasteries of [[Hurezi]], [[Râmnicu Sarat]], [[Doicesti]] and [[New St. George Church]] in [[Bucharest]]. Among secular buildings, the style can be found in [[Mogosoaia]] palace and the reworked Old Court.<ref>Epoca lui Serban Cantacuzino si a lui Constantin Brancoveanu, pp. 209-213, University of Bucharest, 2004.</ref> The Brâncovenesc style was revived in the 20th century in form of the [[Romanian Revival architecture|Romanian Revival style]], also called "Neo-Brâncovenesc".

The Constantin Brâncoveanu University is located in [[Pitești]], but it also has subsidiaries in [[Brăila]] and [[Râmnicu Vâlcea]].

In June 1992, the Sinode of the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]] decreed the sanctification of Constantin Brâncoveanu, his sons Constantin, Radu, Ștefan and Matei, and [[vornic]] Ianache Văcărescu. On March 7, 2018, the decision of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church added these saints to the calendar of the Russian Orthodox Church.<ref name=ROC>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5158123.html Russian Synod of March 7, 2018, item no. 8] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> On 16 August 2020, Romania celebrated for the first time the day of remembrance of the persecution of Christians in the world. Although Brâncoveanu died on 15 August, his death was also remembered for having refused to convert to Islam.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://evangelicalfocus.com/europe/7629/romania-celebrated-first-national-day-of-remembrance-of-persecuted-christians|title=Romania celebrated first national day of remembrance of persecuted Christians|newspaper=Evangelical Focus|date=18 August 2020|access-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref>

From the years 2000-2005, Brâncoveanu was featured on the 1000 Lei Coin, engraved by [[Vasile Gabor]], as part of the [[Romanian leu|third Leu]]. The coin, minted by the [[Monetăria Statului|Romanian state mint]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Mint, Bucharest, Romania |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/mint.php?id=4299 |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref> was made of 75% Magnesium and 25% Aluminum and was used in standard circulation. Even after the third Leu ended in 2005, the coin was still minted in an incredibly small quantity of 1000 in 2006, during the transition to the [[Romanian leu|fourth Leu]]. From 2000-2004, the coin was both minted with the [[Coin orientation|medal- and coin alignment]], of which the medal aligned version tends to be more valuable for [[Coin collecting|coin collectors]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=1000 Lei, Romania |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces2077.html |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref> After 2004, the coin was only minted with the medal alignment.<ref name=":1" />

<gallery>
File:Mogosoaia Palace, view from the garden.JPG|Mogoșoaia palace
File:Mânăstirea Hurezi (43).jpg|Horezu monastery
File:Constantin Brancoveanu mormant - Biserica Sf. Gheorghe Nou Bucuresti.JPG|Brâncoveanu's tomb at New St. George Church
File:Romania_!L1000_2001.jpg|1000 Lei Coin from 2001
</gallery>

==Historiography==

The intrigue marking Constantin's ascension and reign is reflected in [[chronicle]]s of the time, which are ideologically divided: ''[[Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc]]'' gives a bleak account of Șerban's rule, as does ''[[Cronica Bălenilor]]''; [[Radu Greceanu]]'s is an official account of Brâncoveanu's rule, and [[Radu Popescu]] is adverse to Cantacuzino rulers.

{{Infobox religious building
| building_name         = Brâncoveni Monastery
| infobox_width         =
| location              = [[Brâncoveni]], [[Olt County]], [[Romania]]
| geo                   =
| latitude              = 
| longitude             = 
| religious_affiliation = [[Eastern Orthodox]]
| consecration_year     =
| status                = Monastery
| functional_status     = active
| heritage_designation  =
| leadership            =
| website               = [http://www.episcopiaslatinei.ro/manastiri/m-brancoveni/]
| architecture          = yes
| architect             = Patroness Celea (1570–83)<br />[[Matei Basarab]] and Preda Brâncoveanu (1634–40)<br />Constantin and Ștefan Brâncoveanu (1699–1704)<br />Theodosius of [[Empire of Trebizond|Trebizond]] (1842)
| architecture_type     = Church
| architecture_style    = [[Brâncovenesc style|Brâncovenesc]]
| general_contractor    =
| facade_direction      = West
| groundbreaking        = 1570
| year_started          = 
| year_completed        = 1842<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crestinortodox.ro/biserici-manastiri/manastirea-brancoveni-67808.html|title = Manastirea Brancoveni}}</ref>
| completed             =
| construction_cost     =
}}

[[Dimitrie Cantemir]]'s ''Historia Hieroglyphica'' is centered on the clash, and reflects Cantemir's preference for Constantin Cantacuzino, who was also related to Dimitrie through marriage (despite the fact that Cantemir and Brâncoveanu have taken the same side in the conflict with the Porte).

[[Ștefan Cantacuzino]]'s brief rule saw in turn the downfall of the Cantacuzinos; he and his father were executed by the Ottomans, who saw the solution to the risk of Wallacho-Russian alliances in imposing the rigid system of [[Phanariotes|Phanariote rule]] (inaugurated in Wallachia by [[Nicholas Mavrocordato]], who, through his previous rule in Moldavia, is also considered the first Phanariote in that country).

Through his death, Constantin Brâncoveanu became the hero of a series [[Romanian language|Romanian]] folk [[ballad]]s, as well as being depicted on some of [[Romania]]'s [[Romanian leu|official coinage]]. According to the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]], the reason for his and his sons' execution was their refusal to give up their [[Christianity|Christian]] faith and convert to [[Islam]]. In 1992 the Church declared him, his sons, and Enache [[saint]]s and [[martyr]]s (''Sfinții Martiri Binecredinciosul Voievod Constantin Brâncoveanu, împreună cu fiii săi Constantin, Ștefan, Radu, Matei și sfetnicul Ianache'' - "The Martyr Saints the Right-Believing [[Voivode]] Constantin Brâncoveanu, together with his sons Constantin, Ștefan, Radu, Matei, and the counselor [Enache]"). Their feast day is August 16.

==Quotes==
*''[[Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc]]'' on Constantin Brâncoveanu's relations with the Habsburgs and Ottomans early in his reign (1690, during the latter stages of the [[Great Turkish War]]):

{{blockquote|[...] Then Costandin-vodă [old rendition of his name] as well, arriving to his seat in Bucharest, catching news of the Austrians having entered his country and having reached Târgoviște, immediately left his seat [...] went forth towards Pitariului Bridge, setting camp in the river meadow of [[Plătăreşti]], leaving behind the ''[[ispravnic]]'' [...] with orders that, when the Austrians were to arrive in Bucharest, he was to provide them with all supplies they would need.

Subsequently [the Austrian General], upon understanding this [action], immediately sent a letter to Costandin-vodă, inviting him to return to his seat and join [the Austrians] in harassing the Turk.

Then Costandin-vodă, upon understanding this, called as soon as he could the [[Metropolitan of Hungro-Wallachia|Metropolitan]] Theodosie, as well as all his lower and higher boyars, summoning a great council on what was to be done, whereupon some of the boyars vigorously showed themselves to favor Costandin-vodă's rejection of the Turks and his joining the Austrians; while another bunch of boyars, foremost Costandin [Constantin] Cantacuzino, who has been great ''stolnic'', and [[Mihai Cantacuzino]], the great ''[[spătar]]'', believed this not to constitute good advice, as, where such a thing to happen, the nearby [[Nogais|Tatars]] [who were Ottoman allies] would immediately arrive with a mighty force in order to enslave and plunder the country, and the Austrians would prove of no help. And immediately they moved spot and went to the village of Ruși, where the princely fish ponds are located.

Then [the Austrian General] came to Drăgănești, inviting Costandin-vodă to leave Ruși and meet him in Drăgănești, showing himself a great friend towards Costandin-vodă, asking him, in all good faith, to teach him what he should do next. And he told all the truth about how his and his troops' arrival had been brought about by the lies of [a high boyar], and how [the boyar] had boasted that, were [they] to enter the country, all boyars and all country would pay allegiance to [them], but that this had not in fact happened.

Thus Costandin-vodă told him the whole truth, about how the Tatars wished to enter his country, and [he] threw a major banquet in his honor and then returned to Bucharest in great fear. And the Tatars, aware of the Austrian presence, wasted no time in raising troops for the Sultan and sent forth messengers to Costandin-vodă, telling him that they were to come in the country to fight the Austrians.

Thus Costandin-vodă, upon hearing news of this, became very saddened, most of all considering the plight of the poor country, and immediately lifted camp and left for [[Buzău]]. And when he arrived there, he sent his Lady and all her [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] to the [[convent]] [...], and he rode with a few of his men to meet the Sultan, paying him high allegiance and offering him many gifts.

It is then that the Sultan saw that Costandin-vodă was not being rebellious, but rather [his] honest servant, and gave him assurance that his country would not be enslaved, and that [the Ottomans] were instead to meet the Austrians, who were their enemies.}}
{{Commons category|Constantin Brâncoveanu}}

== Issue ==

Brâncoveanu and his wife Marica had seven daughters and four sons. Although all of his sons were murdered, many of his daughters had issue. Brâncoveanu's first born, Constantin II, also had a son who survived exile and rose to be a ''mare ban'' (foremost state function in Wallachian political hierarchy, except for the ruler). The male line of the Brâncoveanu family became extinguished in 1832, when Grigore Brâncoveanu died without having any children of his own. Yet he adopted a relative (who was also a descendant of Constantin Brâncoveanu) and thus passed the family name on.

According to a genealogical study, roughly 250 of his bloodline were alive at the middle of the 19th century. Amongst them [[Gheorghe Bibescu]] and [[Barbu Știrbei]] (rulers of Wallachia and Moldova), famous revolutionary Alexandru Ipsilanti, Romanian Prime ministers [[Barbu Catargiu]], [[Nicolae Kretzulescu]], [[George Manu]] and [[Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino]]  "Nababul" and historians [[Dan Berindei|Dan]] and Mihnea Berindei.

{| class="toccolours" style="margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 100%; text-align:center"
|- bgcolor="C0C0E0"
!Name
!Portrait
!Lived
!Wife<br />(date of marriage)
!Offspring
!Comments

|-bgcolor="efefef"
|
[[Constantin II Brâncoveanu]]

|
[[File:Beizadeaua Constantin II Brâncoveanu.jpg|frameless|100px]]

|
1683-1714

| Anița, daughter of [[Ion Balș]], Moldavian boyar.<br />(20 January 1706)

|
Constantin III<br />(''mare ban'')

| 
Constantin II was Brâncoveanu's first son, albeit not his first offspring. 
He had one son, Constantin III, who was spared by the Ottomans: he later engaged in politics and furthered the family's name.
|-bgcolor="efefef"
|
[[Ștefan Brâncoveanu]]

|
[[File:Ștefan Brâncoveanu.jpg|frameless|100px]]

|
1685-1714

|
Bălașa, daughter of [[Ilie Cantacuzino]].<br />(27 February 1709)

|
Maria

|
Ștefan was noted for his accomplished classical education. He is the author of several books in ancient Greek. His line ended with his daughter, who bore no children.

|-bgcolor="efefef"
|
Radu Brâncoveanu

|
[[File:Radu Brâncoveanu.jpg|frameless|100px]]

|
n/a-1714

| colspan="3" | 
Engaged to a daughter of Antioh Cantemir, former Moldavian ruler, but the planned marriage didn't come to fruition in light of the 1714 events.

|-bgcolor="efefef"
|
Matei Brâncoveanu

|
[[File:Matei Brâncoveanu.jpg|frameless|100px]]

|
1702-1714

|  colspan="3" | 
At the time of his death 11 or 12 years of age. A number of more and less reliable accounts of the August 1714 martyrdom state that he made a plea for his life, but his father convinced him not to trade his faith for his life. Was killed in front of his father.

|-
| style="text-align:right"   colspan="6" | <small>Source: If nothing else mentioned, {{Harvnb|Chiriță|1932}}</small> 
|}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
<!-- CHEIA DE ARANJARE: Alfabetic după numele autorului, cronologic crescător după an, apoi alfabetic după titlul operei --->
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{Refbegin|40em|indent=yes}}
*{{citation
  | last  = Berindei
  | first = Dan
  | author-link = Dan Berindei
  | chapter = Urmașii lui Constantin Brâncoveanu și locul lor în societatea românească. Genealogie și istorie
  | year = 1989
  | editor-last  = Cernovodeanu, Paul și Constantiniu Florin 
  | title  = Constantin Brâncoveanu
  | publisher = Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
  | place = București
  | publication-date = 1989
  | pages = 275–285
}}
* {{citation
  | last = Boia
  | first = Lucian
  | author-link = Lucian Boia
  | year =  2001
  | others = Traducere în limba engleză de James Christian Brown
  | title = History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness
  | publisher = Central European University Press
  | place = Budapesta
  }}
*{{citation
  | last  = Busuioceanu
  | first = Andrei
  | chapter = Constantin Brâncoveanu în viziunea istoriografiei române și străine
  | year = 1989
  | editor-last  = Cernovodeanu, Paul și Constantiniu Florin 
  | title  = Constantin Brâncoveanu
  | publisher = Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
  | place = București
  | publication-date = 1989
  | pages = 9–23
}}
* {{citation
  | last = Cantemir
  | first = Dimitrie
  | author-link = Dimitrie Cantemir
  | year = 1927
  | title = Lupta dintre Inorog și Corb (Istoria ieroglifică)
  | publisher = Institutul de Arte Grafice "România Nouă"
  | place = București
  }}
*{{citation
  | last  = Cernovodeanu
  | first = Paul
  | author-link = Paul Cernovodeanu
  | chapter = Coordonatele politicii externe a lui Constantin Brâncoveanu
  | year = 1989
  | editor-last  = Cernovodeanu, Paul și Constantiniu Florin 
  | title  = Constantin Brâncoveanu
  | publisher = Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
  | place = București
  | publication-date = 1989
  | pages = 275–285
}}
* {{Citation
  | last  = Chiriță
  | first = Ilie
  | title =  Urmașii lui Brâncoveanu-Vodă
  | journal = Arhivele Olteniei
  | volume  = (anul XI)
  | issue   = 63–64
  
  | date = September–December 1932
  | pages   = 303–318 
  | url     =  http://digitool.dc.bmms.ro:8881/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&amp;object_id=876269&amp;silo_library=GEN01
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Del Chiaro Fiorentino
  | first = Anton-Maria
  | year = 2005
  | others = Traducere din anul 1929 de S. Cris-Cristian
  | title = Revoluțiile Valahiei
  | publisher = Editura Tehnopress
  | place = Iași
  }}
* {{citation
  | last1 = Giurescu
  | first1 = Constantin 
  | last2 = Dobrescu
  | first2 = N.
  | year = 1907
  | title = Documente și regeste privitoare la Constantin Brâncoveanu
  | publisher = Inst. de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl
  | place = București
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Giurescu
  | first = Constantin C.
  | author-link = Constantin C. Giurescu
  | year = 1946a
  | others = Ediția a doua, revăzută și adăogită
  | title = Istoria Românilor. Volumul III, Partea întâi. Dela moartea lui Mihai Viteazul până la sfârșitul Epocei fanariote (1601-1821)
  | publisher = Fundația Regală pentru Literatură și Artă
  | place = București
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Giurescu
  | first = Constantin C.
  | year = 1946b
  | title = Istoria Românilor. Volumul III, Partea a doua. Dela moartea lui Mihai Viteazul până la sfârșitul Epocei fanariote (1601-1821)
  | publisher = Fundația Regală pentru Literatură și Artă
  | place = București
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Greceanu
  | first = Radu logofătul
  | year = 1970
  | others = Studiu introductiv și ediție critică întocmite de Aurora Ilieș
  | title = Istoria Domniei lui Constantin Basarab Brîncoveanu Voievod (1688-1714)
  | publisher = Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
  | place = București
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Grecianu
  | first = Radu
  | year = 1906
  | others = Note și anexe de Ștefan D. Grecianu
  | title = Viața lui Costandin Vodă Brâncoveanu
  | publisher = Inst. de Arte Grafice "Carol Göbl"
  | place = București
  }}
* {{citation
  | last1 = Ionescu
  | first1 = Ștefan
  | last2 = Panait
  | first2 = Panait I.
  | year = 1969
  | title = Costandin Vodă Brîncoveanu: Viața. Domnia. Epoca
  | publisher = Editura științifică
  | place = București
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Iorga
  | first = N.
  | author-link = Nicolae Iorga 
  | year = 1899
  | title = Socotelile Sibiiului
  | publisher = Institutul de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl
  | place = Bucuresci
  }} Estras din Analele Academieĭ Române. Seria II. Tom XXI
* {{citation
  | last = Iorga
  | first = N.
  | year = 1914a
  | others = Extras din Analele Academiei Române. Seria II. Tom XXXVII
  | title = Activitatea culturală a lui Constantin Vodă Brâncoveanu și scopurile Academiei Române
  | publisher = Socec
  | place = București
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Iorga
  | first =N.
  | year = 1914b
  | title = Constantin Brîncoveanu (dramă în cinci acte)
  | publisher = Tipogr. "Neamul Romănesc"
  | place = Vălenii de Munte
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Iorga
  | first = N.
  | year = 1914c
  | title = Valoarea politică a lui Constantin Vodă Brîncoveanu. Conferință ținută la Ateneul Romîn din București în ziua de 15 August 1914
  | publisher = Tipografia «Neamul Romănesc»
  | place = Vălenii-de-Munte
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Iorga, N
  | year = 1930
  | others = După portrete și fresce contemporane adunate și publicate de președintele comisiunii N. Iorga
  | title = Domnii Români
  | publisher = Editura și Tiparul Krafft & Drotleff S.A. pentru Arte Grafice
  | place = Sibiiu
  | pages=XII-XIII, 130–139
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Iorga
  | first = N.
  | year = 1938
  | title = Istoria Românilor. Vol. VI: Monarhii
  | place = București
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Iorga
  | first = N.
  | year = 1972
  | others = Traducere de Liliana Iorga-Pippidi, Postfață de Virgil Cândea
  | title = Bizanț după Bizanț
  | publisher = Editura Enciclopedică Română
  | place = București
  | pages= 181–190
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Lupaș
  | first = I. 
  | year = 1941
  | title = Studii, conferințe și comunicări istorice. Volumul III
  | publisher = Tipografia "Cartea Românească" din Cluj
  | place = Sibiu
  | pages= 3–46
  }}
*{{citation
  | last  = Pippidi
  | first = Andrei
  | author-link = Andrei Pippidi
  | chapter = Un episod al relațiilor româno-engleze: Corespondența lui Constantin Brâncoveanu cu lordul Paget
  | year = 1989
  | editor-last  = Cernovodeanu, Paul și Constantiniu Florin 
  | title  = Constantin Brâncoveanu
  | publisher = Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
  | place = București
  | publication-date = 1989
  | pages = 139–155
}}
*{{citation
  | last = Rezachevici
  | first = Constantin
  | year = 1989
  | title = Constantin Brâncoveanu. Zărnești 1690
  | publisher = Editura Militară
  | place = București
  | page = 33
  }}
*{{citation
  | last  = Stoicescu
  | first = Nicolae
  | author-link = Nicolae Stoicescu
  | year = 1971  
  | title  = Dicționar al Marilor Dregători din Țara Românească și Moldova în sec. XIV-XVII
  | publisher =  Editura enciclopedică română
  | place = București
  | pages = 412–413
}}
*{{citation
  | last  = Șerban
  | first = Constantin 
  | year =  1969
  | title  =  Constantin Brîncoveanu
  | publisher =  Editura Tineretului
  | place = București
}}
*{{citation
  | last  = Țighiliu
  | first = Iolanda
  | chapter = Domeniul lui Constantin Brâncoveanu
  | year = 1989
  | editor-last  = Cernovodeanu, Paul și Constantiniu Florin 
  | title  = Constantin Brâncoveanu
  | publisher = Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
  | place = București
  | publication-date = 1989
  | pages = 74–94
}}
* {{citation
  | last = Vîrtosu
  | first = Emil
  | year = 1942
  | title = Foletul Novel. Calendarul lui Constantin Vodă Brăncoveanu 1693-1704
  | place = București
  }}
* {{citation
  | last = Xenopol
  | first = A. D.
  | author-link = Alexandru D. Xenopol
  | year = 1929
  | others = Ediția a III-a, revăzută de autor, îngrijită și ținută la curent de I. Vlădescu
  | title = Istoria românilor din Dacia Traiană, Volumul VIII: Domnia lui C. Brancovanu (1689-1714)
  | publisher = Editura «Cartea Românească»
  | place = București
  | publication-date = 1929
  | pages = 7–76
  }}
{{refend}}
{{div col end}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|
 before=[[Șerban Cantacuzino]]|
 title=[[List of Wallachian rulers|Prince of Wallachia]]|
 years=1688–1714|
 after=[[Ștefan Cantacuzino]]
}}
{{s-end}}

==External links==
* {{in lang|ro}} [http://www.episcopiaslatinei.ro/manastiri/m-brancoveni/ M. Brancoveni]
* {{in lang|en}} [http://www.crestinortodox.ro/biserici-manastiri/manastirea-brancoveni-67808.html Manastirea Brancoveni]
* {{Citation | last=Steliu Lambru| title= The reign of Constantin Brâncoveanu| newspaper=Radio Romania International| date= 11 August 2014| url=http://www.rri.ro/pages/the_reign_of_constantin_brancoveanu-20886| access-date=13 August 2014}} 
* [[Anton Maria Del Chiaro]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20061023195137/http://www.cimec.ro/Carte/delchiaro/index.html ''Revoluțiile Valahiei'']
* [http://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Istoria_%C5%A2%C4%83rii_Rum%C3%A2ne%C5%9Fti_de_c%C3%A2nd_au_desc%C4%83lecat_pravoslavnicii_cre%C5%9Ftini ''Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc''] (in antiquated Romanian)
* [http://www.credo.ro/sfintii-brancoveni.php Official Orthodox Church biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529005908/http://www.credo.ro/sfintii-brancoveni.php |date=2009-05-29 }} (in Romanian)
* [http://romaniancoins.ancients.info/brancoveanu.htm Wallachian coinage issued under Constantin Brâncoveanu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100514112041/http://www.bar.acad.ro/www_rom/brincov.html A lease issued by the Prince, bearing his signature and seal]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brancoveanu, Constantin}}
[[Category:1654 births]]
[[Category:1714 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century princes of Wallachia]]
[[Category:18th-century princes of Wallachia]]
[[Category:People from Olt County]]
[[Category:Executed monarchs]]
[[Category:People executed by the Ottoman Empire by decapitation]]
[[Category:Princes of the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Romanian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church]]
[[Category:Patrons of literature]]
[[Category:Executed Romanian people]]
[[Category:Christians executed for refusing to convert to Islam]]
[[Category:18th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:18th-century Eastern Orthodox martyrs]]
[[Category:18th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Christian saints killed by Muslims]]
[[Category:Craiovești family]]