View source for Croatian kuna

{{Short description|Currency of Croatia from 1994 to 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox currency
| local_name = hrvatska kuna
| local_name_lang = hr
| image_1 = 500 kuna banknote obverse.jpg
| image_2 = 
| image_title_1 = 500 kuna banknote
| image_title_2 = 
| iso_code = HRK
| date_of_introduction = {{start date|1994|05|30}}
| date_of_withdrawal   = {{end date|2022|12|31}}
| using_countries = None, previously:<br />{{CRO}}
| inflation_rate = 1.3% (August 2018)<ref name="DZS">{{cite press release |url=https://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/publication/2019/13-01-01_09_2019.htm |title=CONSUMER PRICE INDICES, SEPTEMBER 2019 |date=16 December 2019 |publisher=[[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]] | access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref>
| inflation_source_date = [[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]], September 2018<ref name="DZS" />
| inflation_method = [[Consumer price index|CPI]]<ref name="DZS" />
| pegged_with = [[Euro]] (EUR)<br />1 EUR = 7.53450 HRK
| ERM_since = 10 July 2020
| euro_replace_non_cash = 1 January 2023
| euro_replace_cash = 14 January 2023
| replaced_currency = [[Croatian dinar]]
| ERM_fixed_rate = 7.53450 kn<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2020/html/ecb.pr200710_1~88c0f764e7.en.html |title=Communiqué on Croatia |date=10 July 2020 |last1=Bank |first1=European Central}}</ref>
| ERM_band = 15.0%
| subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|1|100}}
| subunit_name_1 = lipa
| symbol = kn
| symbol_subunit_1 = lp
| plural = kune ''(2–4)''<br>kuna ''(higher amounts, [[Nominative case|nominative]])''
| plural_slavic = Kuna, Kune
| frequently_used_coins = 5, 10, 20, 50 lp, 1, 2, 5 kn
| rarely_used_coins = 1, 2 lp, 25 kn
| frequently_used_banknotes = 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 kn
| rarely_used_banknotes = 5, 1000 kn
| issuing_authority = [[Croatian National Bank]]
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.hnb.hr}}
| printer = [[Giesecke & Devrient]]
| printer_website = {{URL|www.gi-de.com}}
| mint = [[Croatian Mint]]
| mint_website = {{URL|www.hnz.hr}}
| obsolete = yes
}}

The '''kuna''' ({{IPA|hr|kǔːna}}; [[Currency symbol|sign]]: '''kn'''; [[ISO 4217|code]]: '''HRK''') was the currency of [[Croatia]] from 1994 until 2023, when it was [[Croatia and the euro|replaced]] by the [[euro]]. The kuna was subdivided into 100 lipa. It was issued by the [[Croatian National Bank]] and the coins were minted by the [[Croatian Mint]].

In the [[Croatian language]], the word {{lang|hr|kuna}} means {{gloss|[[marten]]}} and {{lang|hr|lipa}} means {{gloss|[[Tilia|linden tree]]}}, both references to their historical use in medieval trading.

== History and etymology ==
{{main|History of Croatian currency}}
Records exist from the [[Middle Ages]] of a tax and/or a currency in the then highly valued [[marten]] skins, which were recorded as ''[[marturina]]'' ("marten tax") or ''kunovina'', in [[Slavs in Lower Pannonia#Principality|Lower Pannonia]], modern day [[Hungary]] and [[Slavonia]]. Slavonia's first minted currency was the [[frizatik]],<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/442050.367KulturnaDobraMirnik_ckd.pdf |title=Najsitnija kulturna dobra – Novac i njegova uloga u srednjovjekovnoj Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji |trans-title=The tiniest cultural goods – Money and its role in medieval Croatia and Slavonia |first=Ivan |last=Mirnik |journal=Godišnjak |publisher=Ured za kulturna dobra Zagrebačke biskupije |place=Zagreb |volume=24 |year=2008}}</ref> but in the 13th century the [[Ban of Slavonia]] issued a marten-adorned silver coin called the [[banovac]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hr/croatia/economy/money/history |title=History of Croatian money |last=Brozović |first=Dalibor |author-link=Dalibor Brozović |access-date=1 January 2011}} – Excerpts from the book ''Kune and lipe – Currency of the Republic of Croatia'', Zagreb, [[Croatian National Bank]]</ref><ref>[http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/povijest/h-nastavak-3.htm Povijest hrvatskog novca, Section 3] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022035043/http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/povijest/h-nastavak-3.htm |date=22 October 2006 }}, [[Croatian National Bank]] compilation from multiple sources</ref> 

The idea of a kuna currency reappeared in 1939 when the [[Banovina of Croatia]], an autonomous province established within the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]], planned to issue its own money, along with the [[Yugoslav dinar]].<ref name="hnb-history-4">{{cite web |url=http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/povijest/h-nastavak-4.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030421073839/http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/povijest/h-nastavak-4.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 April 2003 |language=hr |title=Prvi novac – Povijest hrvatskog novca – Kraljevina SHS i Nezavisna Država Hrvatska |publisher=[[Croatian National Bank]] | access-date=1 January 2011}}</ref>{{sfn|Granic|2008|p=100}} In 1941, when the [[Ustaše]] regime formed the [[Independent State of Croatia]], they used the [[Independent State of Croatia kuna|kuna]] as its currency.<ref name="hnb-history-4" /> It remained in circulation until 1945, when Croatia became part of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]] and the [[Yugoslav dinar]] became the official currency.<ref name="milinovic-2001" />

The plural form of ''[[wikt:kuna#Serbo-Croatian|kuna]]'' in Croatian is ''kune''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Money in Croatia |website=Visit Croatia |date=3 April 2013 |url=https://www.visit-croatia.co.uk/information-on-croatia/money-in-croatia/ |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref> It can vary because of different number declension rules (e.g. ''2 kune'', ''10 kuna'').

It has no relation to the various Slavic currencies named "[[koruna (disambiguation)|koruna]]" (translated as ''kruna'' in Croatian), which means "crown".

== Modern currency ==
The modern kuna was introduced on 30 May 1994, starting a period of transition from the [[Croatian dinar]], introduced in 1991, which ended on 31 December 1994.<ref name="kuna-intro-1994">Croatian Government and Croatian National Bank decisions published in [[Narodne novine]] 37/94 [http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1994_05_37_665.html][http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1994_05_37_683.html][http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1994_05_37_684.html][http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1994_05_37_685.html]</ref> One kuna was equivalent to 1,000 dinars at a fixed exchange rate. The kuna was pegged to the [[Deutsche Mark]] from the start. With the replacement of the mark by the [[euro]], the kuna's peg effectively switched to the euro.

The choice of the name ''kuna'' was controversial because the same currency name had been used by the Independent State of Croatia, but this was dismissed as a [[red herring]], since the same name was also in use during the Banovina of Croatia and by the [[State Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia]] (ZAVNOH).<ref name="milinovic-2001" /> An alternative proposal for the name of the new currency was ''kruna'' (crown), divided into 100 ''banica'' (viceroy's wife), but this was deemed too similar to the [[Austro-Hungarian krone]] and found inappropriate for the country which is a republic,<ref name="milinovic-2001">{{cite web |url=http://www.matis.hr/zbornici/2001/Text/Text2-4.htm |title=Bogatstvo likovne simbolike hrvatskoga novca |trans-title=The rich visual symbolism of Croatian currency |first=Ante |last=Milinović |work=Croatian Emigrant Almanac |year=2001 |publisher=[[Croatian Heritage Foundation]] | language=hr |access-date=1 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521232159/http://www.matis.hr/zbornici/2001/Text/Text2-4.htm |archive-date=21 May 2011}}</ref> even though [[Czech koruna|Czechia]] and (until 2008) [[Slovak koruna|Slovakia]] have used currencies whose names translate to "crown".

A long-time policy of the Croatian National Bank was to keep the fluctuations of the kuna's exchange rate against the euro (or, previously, the mark) within a relatively stable range. Since the introduction of the euro in 1999, the exchange rate between the two currencies rarely fluctuated to a substantial degree, remaining at a near constant 7.5:1 (HRK to EUR) rate. Croatia [[Accession of Croatia to the European Union|joined the European Union]] on 1 July 2013 and the [[European Exchange Rate Mechanism|Exchange Rate Mechanism]] on 10 July 2020 at a rate of 7.53450 HRK to €1.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2004/html/sp040625.en.html |title=Monetary policy and ERM II participation on the path to the euro |work=Speech by Lucas Papademos, Vice President of the ECB at the tenth Dubrovnik economic conference, in [[Dubrovnik]] | date=25 June 2004 |publisher=[[European Central Bank]]}}</ref><ref name="Vujcic">{{cite news |url=http://www.poslovni.hr/16573.aspx |language=hr |title=Vujčić: uvođenje eura dvije, tri godine nakon ulaska u EU |quote=statements made by Boris Vujčić, deputy governor of the Croatian National Bank, at the Dubrovnik economic conference, June 2006 |newspaper=[[Poslovni dnevnik]] |date=1 July 2006 |agency=[[HINA]] |access-date=1 January 2011 |archive-date=7 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107193331/http://www.poslovni.hr/vijesti/vujcic-uvoenje-eura-dvije-tri-godine-nakon-ulaska-u-eu-16573 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The kuna was [[Croatia and the euro|replaced by the euro]] on 1 January 2023 after satisfying prerequisites<ref>{{Cite web |title=Croatia adopts plan for replacing kuna by euro to protect consumer rights |url=http://seenews.com/news/croatia-adopts-plan-for-replacing-kuna-by-euro-to-protect-consumer-rights-725805 |access-date=9 June 2021 |website=SeeNews |date=23 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> as the initial time estimate of standard four years after joining the European Union proved too short.<ref name="wsj">{{cite news |last=THOMSON |first=AINSLEY |title=Croatia Aims for Speedy Adoption of Euro |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324063304578525240431831674 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=4 June 2013 |access-date=7 September 2013}}</ref>

A two-week transition period during which kuna cash remained as legal tender in circulation alongside the euro ended on 14 January. Cash could be exchanged at any [[European System of Central Banks|Eurozone national central banks]] until 28 February and at any bank (Fina and [[Hrvatska pošta]] in Croatia) until the end of 2023 at no charge. The Croatian National Bank will do the same for notes indefinitely and for coins until the end of 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/changeover/croatia/html/index.en.html |title=Croatia (from 1 January 2023) |publisher=European Central Bank |date=29 November 2022 |access-date=1 January 2023|last1=Bank |first1=European Central }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://euro.hr/faq/hoce-li-se-placati-naknada-za-zamjenu-valute/ |title=Hoće li se plaćati naknada za zamjenu valute? |publisher=Croatian National Bank |access-date=1 January 2023 |language=hr}}</ref>

== Coins ==

In 1994,<ref name="kuna-intro-1994" /> coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 lipa, 1, 2, 5 and 25 kuna. The coins are issued in two versions: one with the name of the plant or animal in [[Croatian language|Croatian]] (issued in [[Even and odd numbers|odd]] years), the other with the name in [[Latin]] (issued in [[Even and odd numbers|even]] years). Overall more coins have been minted with Croatian names than with names in Latin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kunalipa.com/ |title=Kuna lipa – Croatian portal for numismatics |language=hr |access-date=24 February 2013}}</ref>

''Lipa'' is the Croatian word for linden or [[tilia]] tree, a species that was traditionally planted around marketplaces in Croatia and other lands under [[Habsburg monarchy]] rule during the [[early modern period]].

Due to their low value, 1 and 2 lipa coins were rarely used. Since 2009, these coins were no longer minted,<ref name="VL">{{cite web |date=20 April 2015 |title=Otkrivamo: Trgovci zarade 2 milijuna kn godišnje ne vraćajući 1 lipu |url=http://www.vecernji.hr/gospodarstvo/trgovci-zarade-2-milijuna-kn-godisnje-ne-vracajuci-1-lipu-1001205 |access-date=20 February 2017 |work=[[Večernji list]] |language=hr}}</ref> but the [[Croatian National Bank]] stated that it had no plans for withdrawing them, and the 1 and 2 lipa coins were still minted as non-circulating, mainly for numismatic collections.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glas-slavonije.hr/279090/1/Zadnja-1-lipa-iz-2009-izrada-tisucu-komada-77-puta-skuplja-od-vrijednosti |title=Zadnja 1 lipa iz 2009., izrada tisuću komada 7,7 puta skuplja od vrijednosti |date=7 September 2015 |work=[[Glas Slavonije]] | language=hr |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Coins intended for circulation<ref name="hnb.hr">{{cite web |url=http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/hkovanic.htm |title=Kune i lipe, kovani novac Republike Hrvatske |publisher=Croatian National Bank |language=hr |access-date=12 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112120713/http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/hkovanic.htm |archive-date=12 January 2012}}</ref> In each case, the obverse shows the coat of arms, state title and an indication of value.
|-
! colspan="2" | Value !! colspan="3" | Technical parameters !!colspan=3 | Description !!rowspan=2 | Date of<br />issue
|-
! In Kuna
! Equivalent in Euros ([[Euro sign|€]])!! Diameter !! Mass !! Composition !! Edge !! Reverse !! First<br />minting
|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| 1 lp
| €0.0013272
| 17.0&nbsp;mm
| 0.70&nbsp;g
| Aluminium-Magnesium alloy
| Smooth
| Maize, "KUKURUZ" or "ZEA MAYS", year of minting
| style="text-align:center | 1993
| 31 May 1994
|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| 2 lp
| €0.0026545
| 19.0&nbsp;mm
| 0.92&nbsp;g
| Aluminium-Magnesium alloy
| Smooth
| [[Vitis vinifera|Grapevine]], "VINOVA LOZA" or "VITIS VINIFERA", year of minting
| style="text-align:center | 1993
| 31 May 1994
|- {{Coin-yellow-color}}
| 5 lp
| €0.006636
| 18.0&nbsp;mm
| 2.50&nbsp;g
| Bronze-plated steel
| Smooth
| [[Quercus robur|European oak]] branch, "HRAST LUŽNJAK" or "QUERCUS ROBUR", year of minting
| style="text-align:center | 1993
| 31 May 1994
|- {{Coin-yellow-color}}
| 10 lp
| €0.013272
| 20.0&nbsp;mm
| 3.25&nbsp;g
| Bronze-plated steel
| Smooth
| [[Nicotiana tabacum|Tobacco]] plant, "DUHAN" or "NICOTIANA TABACUM", year of minting
| style="text-align:center | 1993
| 31 May 1994
|-
| 20 lp
| €0.026545
| 18.5&nbsp;mm
| 2.90&nbsp;g
| rowspan="2" | Nickel-plated steel
| rowspan="2" | Smooth
| [[Olive]] branch, "MASLINA" or "OLEA EUROPAEA", year of minting
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center " | 1993
| rowspan="5" | 31 May 1994
|-
| 50 lp
| €0.06636
| 20.5&nbsp;mm
| 3.65&nbsp;g
| [[Degenia]], "VELEBITSKA DEGENIJA" or "DEGENIA VELEBITICA", year of minting
|-
| 1 kn
| €0.13272
| 22.5&nbsp;mm
| 5.00&nbsp;g
| rowspan="3" | [[Nickel silver|Nickel-brass]]
| rowspan="3" | Milled
| [[Nightingale]], "SLAVUJ" or "LUSCINIA MEGARHYNCHOS", year of minting
|-
| 2 kn
| €0.26545
| 24.5&nbsp;mm
| 6.20&nbsp;g
| [[Atlantic bluefin tuna]], "TUNJ" or "THUNNUS THYNNUS", year of minting
|-
| 5 kn
| €0.6636
| 26.5&nbsp;mm
| 7.45&nbsp;g
| [[Brown bear]], "MRKI MEDVJED" or "URSUS ARCTOS", year of minting
|}
{{Standard coin table notice|BrE=Y}}

=== Commemorative coins ===

Commemorative coins of the Croatian were issued between 1995 and 2022.

{| class="wikitable"
! align="center" | Denomination
! align="center" | Obverse Design<ref name="hnb.hr" />
! align="center" | Date of issue
! align="center" | Quantity
|-
| align=center | 1 lipa
| Maize with inscriptions ''FAO'' ([[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations), ''1945'' (year of FAO founding), ''1995'' (50th anniversary of FAO and issue year of coin) and ''fiat panis'' (Latin expression for "Let there be bread!")
| align=center | 15 July 1995
| rowspan="2" align="center" | 1,000,000
|-
| align=center | 2 lipe
| rowspan="2" | Emblem of the [[Croatian Olympic Committee]] with inscriptions ''1996'' (Olympic Games year and issue year of coin), ''[[Atlanta]]'' (host city of the 1996 Olympic Games) and ''Olimpijske igre'' (Croatian for [[Olympic Games]])
| rowspan="3" align="center" | 1 July 1996
|-
| align=center | 5 lipa
| rowspan="2" align="center" | 900,000
|-
| align=center | 10 lipa
| Emblem of the United Nations with inscriptions ''Organizacija ujedinjenih naroda'' (Croatian for United Nations Organization), ''1945'' (founding year of United Nations), and ''1995'' (50th anniversary of United Nations and issue year of coin)
|-
| align=center | 20 lipa
| [[Olive]] with inscriptions ''FAO'' ([[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations), ''1945'' (year of FAO founding), ''1995'' (50th anniversary of FAO and issue year of coin) and ''fiat panis'' (Latin expression for "Let there be bread!")
| align=center | 15 July 1995
| align=center | 1,000,000
|-
| align=center | 50 lipa
| Emblem of the [[Croatian Football Federation]] with inscriptions ''Europsko nogometno prvenstvo'' (Croatian for [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Football Championship]]), ''Engleska'' (Croatian for England), and 1996 (European Championship year and issue year of coin)
| align=center | 12 June 1996
| align=center | 900,000
|-
| align=center | 1 kuna
| Emblem of the [[Croatian Olympic Committee]] with inscriptions ''1996'' (Olympic Games year and issue year of coin), ''[[Atlanta]]'' (host city of the 1996 Olympic Games) and ''Olimpijske igre'' (Croatian for [[Olympic Games]])
| align=center | 1 July 1996
| align=center | 1,000,000
|-
| align=center | 2 kune
| [[Tuna]] with inscriptions ''FAO'' ([[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations), ''1945'' (year of FAO founding), ''1995'' (50th anniversary of FAO and issue year of coin) and ''fiat panis'' (Latin expression for "Let there be bread!")
| rowspan="2" align="center" | 15 July 1995
| align=center | 500,000
|-
| align=center | 5 kuna
| Images commemorating the 500th anniversary of the printing of the [[Breviary]] of [[Senj]] in 1494
| align=center | 1,000,000
|-
| rowspan="19" align="center" | 25 kuna
| Marking the completion of the peaceful reintegration the Republic of Croatia territory under the temporary administration of [[UNTAES]]
| align=center | 28 May 1997
| rowspan="6" align="center" | 300,000
|-
| Holding of the first Croatian Esperanto Congress, in Zagreb, on 31 May and 1 June 1997
| align=center | 24 June 1997
|-
| Marking the 5th anniversary (1992–1997) of the admission of the Republic of Croatia, as an independent and recognised state, into the United Nations Organisation
| align=center | 27 October 1997 
|-
| Holding of the [[World's fair|EXPO]], the [[Lisbon]] World Exposition, with Croatia as first-time participant
| align=center | 26 June 1998
|-
| The introduction of the new monetary unit, the [[euro]], in eleven European Union Member States
| align=center | 29 December 1999
|-
| Marking the year 2000, "the Millennium Year"
| align=center | 27 November 2000
|-
| The 10th anniversary of the international recognition of the Republic of Croatia, 15 January 1992 – 15 January 2002
| rowspan="2" align="center" | 4 August 2005
| align=center | 200,000
|-
| The Republic of Croatia becoming an EU membership candidate, 18 June 2004
| align=center | 30,000
|-
| The [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] Annual Meeting, [[Zagreb]], 14 and 15 May 2010
| align=center | 12 May 2010
| rowspan="3" align="center" | 20,000
|-
| Signing the [[Treaty of Accession 2011|Treaty of Accession]] of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union, 9 December 2011
| align=center | 3 December 2012
|-
| The [[2013 enlargement of the European Union|Republic of Croatia becoming a full member of the European Union]], 1 July 2013
| align=center | 1 July 2013
|-
| The 25th anniversary of [[Independence of Croatia|independence of the Republic of Croatia]], 8 October 1991 – 8 October 2016
| align=center | 7 October 2016
| align=center | 50,000
|-
| The 25th anniversary of the admission of the Republic of Croatia to membership in the United Nations
| align=center | 22 May 2017
| align=center | 20,000
|-
| The 25th anniversary of the introduction of the kuna as the monetary unit of the Republic of Croatia, 30 May 1994 – 30 May 2019
| align=center | 30 May 2019
| align=center | 30,000
|-
| The 350th anniversary of the founding of the [[University of Zagreb]], 1669 − 2019
| align=center | 4 November 2019
| align=center | 20,000
|-
| The Croatian Presidency of the [[Council of the European Union|Council of the EU]] 2020
| align=center | 15 January 2020
| align=center | 30,000
|-
| The 75th anniversary of the founding of the Croatian Association of Technical Culture, 1946 – 2021
| align=center | 23 June 2021
| rowspan="2" align="center" | 50,000
|-
| Marking [[Children's Day|World Children's Day]], 20 November 2021
| align=center | 19 November 2021
|-
| Marking the opening of the [[Pelješac Bridge]] for traffic and road connections in the territory of the Republic of Croatia
| align=center | 26 July 2022
| align=center | 30,000
|}

== Banknotes ==
The notes were designed by [[Miroslav Šutej]] and {{ill|Vilko Žiljak|hr}}, and all feature prominent Croatians on front and architectural motifs on back. The geometric figures at lower left on front (except the 5-kuna note) are [[Intaglio (printmaking)|intaglio]] printed for recognition by the blind people. To the right of the coat of arms on front is a microprinted version of the Croatian [[national anthem]], [[Lijepa naša domovino]] (''Our Beautiful Homeland'').<ref>{{cite web |title=Features of kuna Banknotes |url=http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/enovcan.htm |publisher=[[Croatian National Bank]] | access-date=23 June 2015 |date=29 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609024204/http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/enovcan.htm |archive-date=9 June 2014}}</ref> The overall design is reminiscent of [[Deutsche Mark]] banknotes of the fourth series.

The first series of notes was dated 31 October 1993. The 5, 10 and 20 kuna notes from this series were withdrawn on 1 April 2007, and the 50, 100 and 200 kuna notes were withdrawn on 1 January 2010, but remain exchangeable at the HNB in Zagreb.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hnb.hr/en/currency/banknotes/invalid-banknotes |title=Invalid banknotes – HNB |website=Hnb.hr |access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref>

New series of notes with tweaked, but similar designs and improved security features were released in 2001, 2004, 2012 and 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hnb.hr/en/currency/banknotes |title=Banknotes – HNB |website=Hnb.hr |access-date=26 November 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729081953/http://www.hnb.hr/en/currency/banknotes |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ kuna banknotes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/hnovcan.htm |title=HRVATSKA NARODNA BANKA: Nov?anice i kovanice |access-date=5 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703222905/http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/hnovcan.htm |archive-date=3 July 2013}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | Value!! rowspan="2" | Dimensions !!rowspan=2 | Main Colour !! colspan="2" | Description !! colspan="2" | Date of
|-
! In kuna
! Equivalent in euros ([[Euro sign|€]])!! Obverse !! Reverse !! Printing !! Issue
|-
| 5 kuna
| €0.66
| 122×61&nbsp;mm
| Green
| [[Fran Krsto Frankopan]]<br />and [[Petar Zrinski]]
| The Old Fort and layout of the old [[Varaždin]] castle.
| 7 March 2001
| 9 July 2001
|-
| 10 kuna
| €1.33
| 126×63&nbsp;mm
| Green-Brown
| Bishop [[Juraj Dobrila]]
| The [[Pula Arena]] and [[Motovun]] town layout.
| 7 March 2001<br />9 July 2012
| 18 June 2001<br />18 March 2013
|-
| 20 kuna
| €2.65
| 130×65&nbsp;mm
| Red
| Ban [[Josip Jelačić]]
| The [[Eltz Manor]] in [[Vukovar]] and the [[Vučedol Dove]].
| 7 March 2001<br />9 July 2012
| 16 August 2001<br />18 March 2013
|-
| 50 kuna
| €6.64
| 134×67&nbsp;mm
| Blue
| [[Ivan Gundulić]]
| The Old City of [[Dubrovnik]] and its [[Rector's Palace, Dubrovnik|Rector's Palace]].
| 7 March 2002<br />9 July 2012
| 25 November 2002<br />25 September 2017
|-
| 100 kuna
| €13.27
| 138×69&nbsp;mm
| Orange
| Ban [[Ivan Mažuranić]]<br /> and the [[Baška tablet]]
| [[St. Vitus Cathedral in Rijeka|St. Vitus Cathedral]] in [[Rijeka]] and its layout.
| 7 March 2002<br />9 July 2012
| 3 June 2002<br />1 July 2013
|-
| 200 kuna
| €26.54
| 142×71&nbsp;mm
| Brown
| [[Stjepan Radić]]
| The old [[Palace of Slavonian General Command|General Command building]] in [[Osijek]]<br />and layout of the [[Tvrđa|City-fortress of Tvrđa]].
| 7 March 2002<br />9 July 2012
| 12 August 2002<br />1 July 2013
|-
| 500 kuna
| €66.36
| 146×73&nbsp;mm
| Olive green
| [[Marko Marulić]]
| [[Diocletian's Palace]] in [[Split (city)|Split]] and<br /> the motif of Croatian ruler from 11th century.
| 31 October 1993
| 30 May 1994
|-
| 1000 kuna
| €132.72
| 150×75&nbsp;mm
| Blue-Red-Grey
| [[Ante Starčević]]
| Statue of [[Tomislav of Croatia|King Tomislav]] and the [[Zagreb Cathedral]].
| 31 October 1993
| 30 May 1994
|-
! colspan="10"|Commemorative issues in circulation
|-
| 10 kuna
| €1.33
| 126×63&nbsp;mm
| Green-Brown
| Bishop [[Juraj Dobrila]]
| The [[Pula Arena]] and [[Motovun]] town layout.<br />(10th anniversary issue)
| 24 May 2004
| 30 May 2004
|-
| 20 kuna
| €2.65
| 130x65&nbsp;mm
| Red
| Ban [[Josip Jelačić]]
| The [[Eltz Manor]] in [[Vukovar]] and<br />the [[Vučedol Dove]].<br />(20th anniversary issue)
| 30 May 2014
| 30 May 2014
|}
{{Standard banknote table notice|BrE=Y}}

== Exchange rates ==
[[File:Euro exchange rate to HRK.svg|thumb|300px|Euro exchange rate to Croatian kuna]]

{{Exchange rate|HRK}}

== See also ==
* [[Independent State of Croatia kuna]]
* [[Economy of Croatia]] 
* [[Croatia and the euro]]
* [[Croatian euro coins]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite journal |url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/50550 |title=From Fur Money to Modern Currency: The Kuna |last=Granic |first=Stan |journal=Review of Croatian History |volume=IV |issue=1 |date=December 2008 |pages=87–109 |format=PDF |access-date=20 February 2017}}
* {{numis cite SCWC|date=1991}}
* {{numis cite SCWPM|date=1994}}
* {{numis cite SCWPM|date=1990.s}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |url=http://www.hrvatskanumizmatika.net/Croatian_coins_1993-2004_online.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617003356/http://www.hrvatskanumizmatika.net/Croatian_coins_1993-2004_online.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=17 June 2011 |title=Kovani novac Republike Hrvatske od osamostaljenja do danas |trans-title=Coins of the Republic of Croatia from Independence to the Present Day |last=Viščević |first=Zlatko |year=2004 |language=hr, en |isbn=953-99817-0-0 |access-date=11 January 2012}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Money of Croatia}}
* [http://www.hnb.hr/en/home Croatian National Bank – English pages]
* [http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/Kroatien-B-En.htm Historical and current banknotes of Croatia] {{in lang|en|de}}

{{Croatia topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Euro topics}}
{{Currencies of Former Yugoslavia}}
{{Euro coins (collectors edition)}}
{{Portal bar|Croatia|Europe|Money|Numismatics}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Croatian Kuna}}
[[Category:1994 establishments in Croatia]]
[[Category:2023 disestablishments in Croatia]]
[[Category:Coins of Croatia]]
[[Category:Currencies introduced in 1994]]
[[Category:Currencies of Croatia|Kuna]]
[[Category:Currencies of Europe]]
[[Category:Currencies replaced by the euro]]