View source for Cucurbitaceae

{{short description|Family of plants}}
{{automatic taxobox
|fossil_range=Early [[Paleocene]] to [[Recent]], {{Fossil range|62|0}}
|image=Hodgsonia heteroclita male.jpg
|image_caption=''[[Hodgsonia]]'' male plant
|taxon=Cucurbitaceae
|authority=[[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{cite journal |author=[[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |publisher=[[Linnean Society of London]]|hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|type_genus=''[[Cucurbita]]'' 
|type_genus_authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks=Tribes and genera
|subdivision=See text.
}}

The '''Cucurbitaceae''' ({{IPAc-en|k|j|uː|ˌ|k|ɜːr|b|ɪ|ˈ|t|eɪ|s|iː|ˌ|iː}}),<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Cucurbitaceae}}</ref> also called '''cucurbits''' or the '''gourd''' family, are a plant [[family (biology)|family]] consisting of about 965 [[species]]<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |last1=Christenhusz|first1=M. J. M. |last2=Byng|first2=J. W. |name-list-style=amp |year=2016 |title=The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase |journal=[[Phytotaxa]] |volume=261 |pages=201–217 |url=http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 |issue=3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016Phytx.261..201C }}</ref> in 101 [[genera]].<ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000781-2 Cucurbitaceae Juss.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 10 June 2024.</ref> Some commonly cultivated cucurbits include:
*''[[Cucurbita]]'' – [[Squash (plant)|squash]], [[pumpkin]], [[zucchini]] (courgette), some [[gourd]]s.
*''[[Lagenaria]]'' – [[calabash]] (bottle gourd) and other, ornamental gourds.
*''[[Citrullus]]'' – [[watermelon]] (''C. lanatus'', ''C. colocynthis''), plus several other species.
*''[[Cucumis]]'' – [[cucumber]] (''C. sativus''); various [[melon]]s and vines.
*''[[Momordica]]'' – [[Momordica charantia|bitter melon]].
*''[[Luffa]]'' – commonly called 'luffa' or ‘luffa squash'; sometimes spelled loofah. Young fruits may be cooked; when fully ripened, they become fibrous and unpalatable, thus becoming the source of the loofah scrubbing sponge.
*''[[Cyclanthera]]'' – [[Cyclanthera pedata|Caigua]].
*''[[Gerrardanthus]]'' — the species [[Gerrardanthus macrorhizus|''G. macrorhizus'']] has gained some popularity as an ornamental [[Caudex|caudiciform]] plant.
*''[[Xerosicyos]]'' — the silver dollar vine (''Xerosicyos danguyi'') is popular amongst horticulturists and plant collectors.

The plants in this family are grown around the tropics and in temperate areas of the world, where those with edible fruits were among the earliest cultivated plants in both the Old and New Worlds. The family Cucurbitaceae ranks among the highest of plant families for number and percentage of species used as human food.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/1492/cucurbits.html |title=Cucurbits |publisher=[[Purdue University]] |access-date=2013-08-26}}</ref> The name ''Cucurbitaceae'' comes to [[international scientific vocabulary]] from [[Neo-Latin]], from ''[[Cucurbita]]'', the [[type genus]], + ''[[wikt:-aceae#Suffix|-aceae]]'',<ref name="MWU">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Cucurbitaceae |encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] |url=http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/unabridged/ |access-date=2016-07-25 |archive-date=2020-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525084504/https://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/subscriber/login?redirect_to=%2Funabridged%2F |url-status=dead }}</ref> a standardized [[suffix]] for plant family names in modern taxonomy. The genus name comes from the [[Classical Latin]] word ''{{wikt-lang|la|cucurbita}}'', meaning "gourd".

==Description==
[[File:Flower of Lagenaria captured at night.jpg|thumb|150px|Flower of ''Lagenaria'' captured at night]]
Most of the plants in this family are [[Annual plant|annual]] [[vine]]s, but some are woody [[liana]]s, thorny shrubs, or trees (''[[Dendrosicyos]]''). Many species have large, yellow or white flowers. The stems are hairy and pentangular. [[Tendril]]s are present at 90° to the leaf [[petiole (botany)|petioles]] at nodes. Leaves are [[exstipulate]], alternate, simple [[Leaf shape|palmately]] lobed or palmately compound. The flowers are [[unisexual]], with male and female flowers on different plants ([[Dioecy|dioecious]]) or on the same plant ([[Monoecy|monoecious]]). The female flowers have [[Ovary (plants)#Inferior ovary|inferior ovaries]]. The fruit is often a kind of modified [[berry (botany)|berry]] called a [[Berry (botany)#Modified berries|pepo]].{{R|SCHAEFER}}{{rp|2}}

==Fossil history==
One of the oldest [[fossil]] cucurbits so far is †''[[Cucurbitaciphyllum lobatum]]'' from the [[Paleocene]] epoch, found at Shirley Canal, [[Montana]]. It was described for the first time in 1924 by the paleobotanist [[Frank Hall Knowlton]]. The fossil leaf is [[Glossary of leaf shapes|palmate]], trilobed with rounded lobal sinuses and an entire or [[serrate]] margin. It has a [[leaf]] pattern similar to the members of the genera ''[[Kedrostis]]'', ''[[Melothria]]'' and ''[[Zehneria]]''.<ref>Revisions to Roland Brown's North American Paleocene Flora by Steven R. Manchester at Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Published in Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B – Historia Naturalis, vol. 70, 2014, no. 3-4, pp. 153–210.</ref>

== Classification ==

===Tribal classification===
[[File:Cucurbitaceae 2.jpg|thumb|[[Pumpkin]]s and [[Cucurbita|squashes]] displayed in a show competition]]
[[File:Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae).jpg|thumb|right|A selection of cucurbits of the [[South Korea]]n Genebank in [[Suwon]]]]
[[File:2016-11-10 Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae) Madrid Botanico.jpg|thumb|Cucurbits on display at the [[Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid]], with the title "Variedades de calabaza" include gourds and edible species of ''Cucurbita'' and ''Lagenaria''.]]
The most recent classification of Cucurbitaceae delineates 15 [[Tribe (biology)|tribes]]:<ref name="Schaefer">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schaefer H, Renner SS |year=2011 |title=Phylogenetic relationships in the order Cucurbitales and a new classification of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=122–138 |doi=10.1002/tax.601011 |jstor=41059827 |bibcode=2011Taxon..60..122S }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schaefer H, Kocyan A, Renner SS |year=2007 |title=Phylogenetics of ''Cucumis'' (Cucurbitaceae): Cucumber (''C. sativus'') belongs in an Asian/Australian clade far from melon (''C. melo'') |journal=[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=58–69 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-58 |pmid=17425784 |pmc=3225884 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2007BMCEE...7...58R }}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=350px}}
* '''Tribe [[Gomphogyneae]] <small>Benth. & Hook.f.</small>'''
** ''[[Alsomitra]]'' <small>(Blume) Spach</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Bayabusua]]''  (1 sp.)
** ''[[Gomphogyne]]'' <small>Griff.</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Gynostemma]]'' <small>Blume</small> (10 spp.)
** ''[[Hemsleya]]'' <small>Cogn. ex F.B.Forbes & Hemsl.</small> (30 spp.)
** ''[[Neoalsomitra]]'' <small>Hutch.</small> (12 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Triceratieae]] <small>A.Rich.</small>''' <!--=Fevilleeae Benth. & Hook. f. 1867. -->
** ''[[Cyclantheropsis]]'' <small>Harms</small> (3 spp.)
** ''[[Fevillea]]'' <small>L.</small> (8 spp.)
** ''[[Pteropepon]]'' <small>(Cogn.) Cogn.</small> (5 spp.)
** ''[[Sicydium (plant)|Sicydium]]'' <small>Schltdl.</small> (9 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Zanonieae]] <small>Benth. & Hook.f.</small>'''
** ''[[Gerrardanthus]]'' <small>Harvey in Hook.f.</small> (3–5 spp.)
** ''[[Siolmatra]]'' <small>Baill.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Xerosicyos]]'' <small>Humbert</small> (5 spp.)
** ''[[Zanonia]]'' <small>L.</small> (1 sp.)
* '''Tribe [[Actinostemmateae]] <small>H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner</small>'''
** ''[[Actinostemma]]'' <small>Griff.</small> (3 spp.)
** ''[[Bolbostemma]]'' {{small|Franquet}} (2 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Indofevilleeae]] <small>H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner</small>'''
** ''[[Indofevillea]]'' <small>[[Debabarta Chatterjee|Chatterjee]]</small> (2 sp.)
* '''Tribe [[Thladiantheae]] <small>H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner</small>'''
** ''[[Baijiania]]'' <small>A.M.Lu & J.Q.Li</small> (30 spp.)
** ''[[Sinobaijiania]]'' {{small|C.Jeffrey & W.J.de Wilde}} (5 spp.)
** ''[[Thladiantha]]'' <small>Bunge 1833</small> (5 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Siraitieae]] <small>H. Schaef. & S.S. Renner</small>'''
** ''[[Siraitia]]'' <small>Merr.</small> (3–4 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Momordiceae]] <small>H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner</small>'''
** ''[[Momordica]]'' <small>L.</small> (60 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Joliffieae]] <small>Schrad.</small>''' <!--=Telfairieae Arn. 1841 -->
** ''[[Ampelosicyos]]'' <small>Thouars</small> (5 spp.)
** ''[[Cogniauxia]]'' <small>Baill.</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Telfairia]]'' <small>Hook.</small> (3 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Bryonieae]] <small>Dumort.</small>'''
** ''[[Austrobryonia]]'' <small>H.Schaef.</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Bryonia]]'' <small>L.</small> (10 spp.)
** ''[[Ecballium]]'' <small>A.Rich.</small> (1 sp.)
* '''Tribe [[Schizopeponeae]] <small>C.Jeffrey</small>'''
** ''[[Herpetospermum]]'' <small>Wall. ex Hook.f.</small> (3 spp.)
** ''[[Schizopepon]]'' <small>Maxim.</small> (6–8 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Sicyoeae]] <small>Schrad.</small>'''
** ''[[Brandegea]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Cyclanthera]]'' <small>Schrad.</small> (40 spp.)
** ''[[Echinocystis]]'' <small>Torr. & A.Gray</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Echinopepon]]'' <small>Naudin</small> (19 spp.)
** ''[[Hanburia (plant)|Hanburia]]'' <small>Seem.</small> (7 spp.)
** ''[[Hodgsonia]]'' <small>Hook.f. & Thomson</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Linnaeosicyos]]'' <small>H.Schaef. & Kocyan</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Luffa]]'' <small>Mill.</small> (5–7 spp.)
** ''[[Marah (plant)|Marah]]'' <small>Kellogg</small> (7 spp.)
** ''[[Microsechium]]'' {{small|Naudin}} (4 spp.)
** ''[[Nothoalsomitra]]'' <small>Hutch.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Parasicyos]]'' {{small|Dieterle}} (2 sp.)
** ''[[Sechiopsis]]'' {{small|Naudin}} (5 spp.)
** ''[[Sicyocaulis]]'' {{small|Wiggins}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Sicyos]]'' <small>L.</small> (64 spp., including ''Frantzia'' <small>Pittier</small> and ''[[Sechium]]'' <small>P.Browne</small>)
** ''[[Sicyosperma]]'' {{small| A.Gray}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Trichosanthes]]'' <small>L.</small> (≤100 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Coniandreae]] <small>Endl.</small>'''
** ''[[Apodanthera]]'' <small>Arn.</small> (16 spp.)
** ''[[Bambekea]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Ceratosanthes]]'' <small>Adans.</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Corallocarpus]]'' <small>Welw. ex Benth. & Hook.f.</small> (17 spp.)
** ''[[Cucurbitella (plant)|Cucurbitella]]'' <small>Walp.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Dendrosicyos]]'' <small>Balf.f.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Doyerea]]'' <small>Grosourdy</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Eureiandra]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> (8 spp.)
** ''[[Gurania]]'' <small>(Schltdl.) Cogn.</small> (37 spp.)
** ''[[Halosicyos]]'' <small>Mart.Crov</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Helmontia]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (2–4 spp.)
** ''[[Ibervillea]]'' <small>Greene</small> (8 spp.)
** ''[[Kedrostis]]'' <small>Medik.</small> (28 spp.)
** ''[[Psiguria]]'' <small>Neck. ex Arn.</small> (6–12 spp.)
** ''[[Seyrigia (plant)|Seyrigia]]'' <small>Keraudren</small> (6 spp.)
** ''[[Trochomeriopsis]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Wilbrandia]]'' <small>Silva Manso</small> (5 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Benincaseae]] <small>Ser.</small>'''
** ''[[Acanthosicyos]]'' <small>Welw. ex Hook.f.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Benincasa]]'' <small>Savi</small> (2 spp., including ''Praecitrullus'' <small>Pangalo</small>)
** ''[[Blastania]]'' {{small|Kotschy & Peyr.}} (3 spp., including ''Ctenolepis'' <small>Hook.f.</small>)
** ''[[Borneosicyos]]''  (1–2 spp.)
** ''[[Cephalopentandra]]'' <small>Chiov.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Citrullus]]'' <small>Schrad.</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Coccinia]]'' <small>Wight & Arn.</small> (30 spp.)
** ''[[Cucumis]]'' <small>L.</small> (65 spp.)
** ''[[Dactyliandra]]'' <small>Hook.f. </small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Diplocyclos]]'' <small>(Endl.) T.Post & Kuntze</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Indomelothria]]''  (2 spp.)
** ''[[Khmeriosicyos]]''  (1 sp.)
** ''[[Lagenaria]]'' <small>Ser.</small> (6 spp.)
** ''[[Lemurosicyos]]'' <small>Keraudren</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Melothria]]'' <small>L.</small> (12 spp., including ''[[Melothria scabra|M. scabra]]'')
** ''[[Muellerargia]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (2 sp.)
** ''[[Oreosyce]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Papuasicyos]]''  (8 spp.)
** ''[[Peponium]]'' <small>Engl.</small> (20 spp.)
** ''[[Raphidiocystis]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> (5 spp.)
** ''[[Ruthalicia]]'' <small>C.Jeffrey</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Scopellaria]]'' <small>W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Solena (plant)|Solena]]'' <small>Lour.</small> (3 spp.)
** ''[[Trochomeria]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> (8 spp.)
** ''[[Zehneria]]'' <small>Endl.</small> (''ca.'' 60 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Cucurbiteae]] <small>Ser.</small>'''
** ''[[Abobra]]'' <small>Naudin</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Calycophysum]]'' <small>H.Karst. & Triana</small> (5 spp.)
** ''[[Cayaponia]]'' <small>Silva Manso</small> (74 spp.)
** ''[[Cionosicys]]'' <small>Griseb.</small> (4–5 spp.)
** ''[[Cucurbita]]'' <small>L.</small> (15 spp.)
** ''[[Penelopeia]]'' <small>Urb.</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Peponopsis]]'' <small>Naudin</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Polyclathra]]'' <small>Bertol.</small> (6 spp.)
** ''[[Schizocarpum]]'' <small>Schrad.</small> (11 spp.)
** ''[[Selysia]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Sicana]]'' <small>Naudin</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Tecunumania]]'' <small>Standl. & Steyerm.</small> (1 sp.)
{{div col end}}

===Systematics===
Modern [[molecular phylogenetics]] suggest the following relationships:<ref name="Schaefer"/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=((Zhang L-B)), Simmons MP, Kocyan A, Renner SS |year=2006 |title=Phylogeny of the Cucurbitales based on DNA sequences of nine loci from three genomes: Implications for morphological and sexual system evolution |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=305–322 |url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Zhang_Cucurbitales_MPE2006.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908221529/http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Zhang_Cucurbitales_MPE2006.pdf |archive-date=2013-09-08 |url-status=live |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.10.002 |pmid=16293423|bibcode=2006MolPE..39..305Z }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schaefer H, Heibl C, Renner SS |year=2009 |title=Gourds afloat: A dated phylogeny reveals an Asian origin of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) and numerous oversea dispersal events |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B|Proc R Soc B]] |volume=276 |issue=1658 |pages=843–851 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2008.1447|pmid=19033142 |pmc=2664369 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=de Boer HJ, Schaefer H, Thulin M, Renner SS |year=2012 |title=Evolution and loss of long-fringed petals: A case study using a dated phylogeny of the snake gourds, ''Trichosanthes'' (Cucurbitaceae) |journal=[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=108 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-12-108|pmid=22759528 |pmc=3502538 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2012BMCEE..12..108D }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |author=Belgrano MJ |year=2012 |title=Estudio sistemático y biogeográfico del género ''Apodanthera'' Arn. (Cucurbitaceae) |trans-title=Systematic and biogeographic study of the genus ''Apodanthera'' Arn. (Cucurbitaceae) |type=Ph.D. |publisher=Universidad Nacional de La Plata |url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/26411}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Renner SS, Schaefer H |year=2016 |chapter=Phylogeny and evolution of the Cucurbitaceae |veditors=Grumet R, Katzir N, Garcia-Mas J |title=Genetics and Genomics of Cucurbitaceae |volume=20 |series=Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models |location=New York, NY |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1007/7397_2016_14|isbn=978-3-319-49330-5 }}</ref>

<!------------------- collapsible element containing large cladogram of APG IV phylogeny --------------->
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; border:solid 1px #aaa"
|-
! style="background:#F0F2F5" |Detailed [[Cladogram]] showing Cucurbitaceae phylogeny
|-
|
{{Clade|style=line-height:90%;font-size:90%;
<!--|2={{clade
|2=[[Anisophylleaceae]]&nbsp;([[Outgroup (cladistics)|outgroup]])-- not necessary to show outgroup-->
|label1=Cucurbitaceae
|1={{clade
   |1={{clade
      |label1=[[Gomphogyneae]]
      |1={{clade
         |1=''[[Alsomitra]]''
         |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Bayabusua]]''
            |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |1=''[[Hemsleya]]''
                  |2=''[[Gomphogyne]]''
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Gynostemma]]''
                  |2=''[[Neoalsomitra]]''
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |label1=[[Triceratieae]] <!-- The position of Anisosperma is uncertain. -->
         |1={{clade
            |1=''[[Fevillea]]''
            |2={{clade
               |1=''[[Pteropepon]]''
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Cyclantheropsis]]''
                  |2=''[[Sicydium (plant)|Sicydium]]''
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         |label2=[[Zanonieae]]
         |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Gerrardanthus]]''
            |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |1=''[[Zanonia]]''
                  |2=''[[Siolmatra]]''
                  }}
               |2=''[[Xerosicyos]]''
               }}
            }}
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |1={{clade
            |label1=[[Actinostemmateae]]
            |1=''[[Actinostemma]]''
            }}
         |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
               |label1=[[Indofevilleeae]]
               |1=''[[Indofevillea]]''
               }}
            |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |label1=[[Thladiantheae]]
                  |1={{clade
                     |1=''[[Baijiania]]''
                     |2=''[[Thladiantha]]''
                     }}
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                     |label1=[[Siraitieae]]
                     |1=''[[Siraitia]]''
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                        |label1=[[Momordiceae]]
                        |1=''[[Momordica]]''
                        }}
                     |2={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                           |label1=[[Joliffieae]]
                           |1={{clade
                              |1=''[[Cogniauxia]]''
                              |2={{clade
                                 |1=''[[Telfairia]]''
                                 |2=''[[Ampelosicyos]]''
                                 }}
                              }}
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                           |1={{clade
                              |label1=[[Bryonieae]]
                              |1={{clade
                                 |1={{clade
                                    |1=''[[Ecballium]]''
                                    |2=''[[Bryonia]]''
                                    }}
                                 |2=''[[Austrobryonia]]''
                                 }}
                              }}
                           |2={{clade
                              |1={{clade
                                 |label1=[[Sicyoeae]]
                                 |1={{clade
                                    |1={{clade
                                       |1=''[[Nothoalsomitra]]''
                                       |2={{clade
                                          |1=''[[Hodgsonia]]''
                                          |2={{clade
                                             |1={{clade
                                                |1=''[[Echinocystis]]''
                                                |2=''[[Marah (plant)|Marah]]''
                                                }}
                                             |2={{clade
                                                |1={{clade
                                                   |1=''[[Echinopepon]]''
                                                   |2=''[[Frantzia]]''
                                                   }}
                                                |2={{clade
                                                   |1=''[[Cyclanthera]]''
                                                   |2=''[[Hanburia (plant)|Hanburia]]''
                                                   }}
                                                |3=''[[Sicyos]]''
                                                }}
                                             }}
                                          }}
                                       }}
                                    |2={{clade
                                       |1=''[[Linnaeosicyos]]''
                                       |2={{clade
                                          |1=''[[Luffa]]''
                                          |2=''[[Trichosanthes]]''
                                          }}
                                       }}
                                    }}
                                 }}
                              |2={{clade
                                 |label1=[[Schizopeponeae]]
                                 |1={{clade
                                    |1=''[[Schizopepon]]''
                                    |2=''[[Herpetospermum]]''
                                    }}
                                 }}
                              |3={{clade
                                 |1={{clade
                                    |label1=[[Coniandreae]]
                                    |1=CONIANDREAE
                                    }}
                                 |2={{clade
                                    |label1=[[Cucurbiteae]]
                                    |1=CUCURBITEAE
                                    |label2=[[Benincaseae]] <!-- The position of Khmeriosicyos is uncertain. -->
                                    |2=BENINCASEAE
                                    }}
                                 }}
                              }}
                           }}
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
  
|targetA=CONIANDREAE
|subcladeA={{clade
           |1={{clade
              |1=''[[Bambekea]]''
              |2=''[[Eureiandra]]''
              }}
           |2={{clade
              |1=''[[Dendrosicyos]]''
              |2={{clade
                 |1={{clade
                    |1=''[[Trochomeriopsis]]''
                    |2=''[[Seyrigia (plant)|Seyrigia]]''
                    }}
                 |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Corallocarpus]]''
                    |2={{clade
                       |1=''[[Cucurbitella (plant)|Cucurbitella]]''
                       |2={{clade
                          |1={{clade
                             |1=''[[Doyerea]]''
                             |2={{clade
                                |1=''[[Wilbrandia]]''
                                |2={{clade
                                   |1=''[[Psiguria]]''
                                   |2={{clade
                                      |1=''[[Helmontia]]''
                                      |2=''[[Gurania]]''
                                      }}
                                   }}
                                }}
                             }}
                          |2=''[[Melotrianthus]]''
                          |3={{clade
                             |1=''[[Kedrostis]]''
                             |2={{clade
                                |1={{clade
                                   |1={{clade
                                      |1=''[[Ceratosanthes]]''
                                      |2=''[[Halosicyos]]''
                                      }}
                                   |2=''[[Apodanthera]]''
                                   }}
                                |2={{clade
                                   |1=''[[Tumamoca]]''
                                   |2=''[[Ibervillea]]''
                                   }}
                                }}
                             }}
                          }}
                       }}
                    }}
                 }}
              }}
           }} <!-- end CONIANDREAE subtree -->
                           
|targetB=CUCURBITEAE
|subcladeB={{clade
           |1={{clade
              |1=''[[Polyclathra]]''
              |2={{clade
                 |1=''[[Peponopsis]]''
                 |2=''[[Cucurbita]]''
                 }}
              }}
           |2={{clade
              |1={{clade
                 |1=''[[Penelopeia (plant)|Penelopeia]]''
                 |2=''[[Calycophysum]]''
                 |3=''[[Sicana]]''
                 }}
              |2={{clade
                 |1=''[[Tecunumania]]''
                 |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Schizocarpum]]''
                    |2={{clade
                       |1=''[[Cionosicys]]''
                       |2={{clade
                          |1=''[[Abobra]]''
                          |2=''[[Cayaponia]]''
                          }}
                       }}
                    }}
                 }}
              }}
           }} <!-- end CUCURBITEAE subtree -->
                           
|targetC=BENINCASEAE
|subcladeC={{clade
           |1=''[[Zehneria]]''
           |2={{clade
              |1={{clade
                 |1={{clade
                    |1=''[[Citrullus]]''
                    |2={{clade
                       |1=''[[Peponium]]''
                       |2=''[[Lagenaria]]''
                       }}
                    }}
                 |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Acanthosicyos]]''
                    |2={{clade
                       |1={{clade
                          |1=''[[Raphidiocystis]]''
                          |2={{clade
                             |1=''[[Cephalopentandra]]''
                             |2={{clade
                                |1=''[[Lemurosicyos]]''
                                |2={{clade
                                   |1=''[[Solena (plant)|Solena]]''
                                   |2=''[[Borneosicyos]]''
                                   }}
                                }}
                             }}
                          }}
                       |2={{clade
                          |1=''[[Benincasa]]''
                          |2={{clade
                             |1=''[[Ctenolepis]]''
                             |2={{clade
                                |1=''[[Dactyliandra]]''
                                |2=''[[Trochomeria]]''
                                }}
                             }}
                          }}
                       }}
                    }}
                 }}
              |2={{clade
                 |1={{clade
                    |1=''[[Ruthalicia]]''
                    |2={{clade
                       |1=''[[Indomelothria]]''
                       |2=''[[Melothria]]''
                       }}
                    }}
                 |2={{clade
                    |1={{clade
                       |1={{clade
                          |1=''[[Coccinia]]''
                          |2=''[[Diplocyclos]]''
                          }}
                       |2={{clade
                          |1=''[[Papuasicyos]]''
                          |2=''[[Scopellaria]]''
                          }}
                       }}
                    |2={{clade
                       |1=''[[Muellerargia]]''
                       |2=''[[Cucumis]]''
                       }}
                    }}
                 }}
              }}
           }} <!-- end BENINCASEAE subtree -->
}}
|} <!-- end collapsed table -->

{{anchor|Pests|Diseases}}

==Pests and diseases==
[[Sweet potato whitefly]] is the vector of a number of [[cucurbit virus]]es that cause yellowing symptoms throughout the [[southern United States]].<ref name="Wintermantel-2020">{{cite web |last=Wintermantel |first=William M. |title=Whitefly-Transmitted Yellowing Viruses of Cucurbit Crops |date=2020 |url=https://www.planthealthexchange.org/cucurbits/Pages/GROW-CUC-08-20-006.aspx |publisher=[[American Phytopathological Society]] |doi=10.1094/grow-cuc-08-20-006 |s2cid=242003450 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|28em|refs=
<ref name="SCHAEFER">{{cite web |last1=Schaefer |first1=Hanno |last2=Acevedo-Rodríguez |first2=Pedro |title=Guide to the genera of lianas and climbing plants in the neotropics |url=https://naturalhistory.si.edu/sites/default/files/media/file/cucurbitaceae.pdf |website=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History |access-date=26 January 2024}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |veditors=Bates D, Robinson R, Jeffrey C |year=1990 |title=Biology and Utilization of the Cucurbitaceae |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-1670-5}}
* {{cite journal |author=Jeffrey C. |year=2005 |title=A new system of Cucurbitaceae |journal=Bot. Zhurn. |volume=90 |pages=332–335}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111028061200/http://www.cucurbit.org/family.html Cucurbitaceae] in T.C. Andres (1995 onwards).
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211028184716/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/cucurbit.htm Cucurbitaceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.

{{Angiosperm families}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q8314}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cucurbitaceae| ]]
[[Category:Rosid families]]
[[Category:Extant Danian first appearances]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu]]
[[Category:Taxa described in 1789]]