View source for Culture of Hong Kong

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Hong Kong English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=November 2021}}
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}}|width=300|align=right|caption='''From top, left to right''': 1. The neon signs on [[Percival Street]] in [[Causeway Bay]], 2. [[Hong Kong-style milk tea]] in [[Cha Chaan Teng]], 3. [[Lunar New Year fireworks display in Hong Kong|Fireworks display]] over Victoria Harbour, 4. [[Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong)|Bank of China Tower]], 5. ''Pang uk'' in [[Tai O]], 6. [[Avenue of Stars, Hong Kong|Avenue of Stars]] in [[Tsim Sha Tsui]], 7. [[Dajiao|Taai ping ching jiu]], 8. [[Cantopop]] CDs, 9. [[Jin Yong|Kam yung]]'s wuxia novels}}
{{Demographics and Culture of Hong Kong}}

The '''culture of Hong Kong''' is a combination of [[Chinese culture|Chinese]] and [[Western culture|Western]] influences, rooted in [[Cantonese culture|Lingnan Cantonese]] heritage and shaped by its time as a [[British Hong Kong|British colony]] (1841 to 1997). In addition to absorbing global influences, the city's culture is enriched by its indigenous communities and ethnic minorities from South and Southeast Asia. As "Asia's World City," [[Hong Kong]] has developed a distinct identity that persists under the "[[one country, two systems]]" framework, which began after the 1997 [[Handover of Hong Kong|transfer of sovereignty]] to China.<ref name="Lilley">Lilley, Rozanna. [1998] (1998) Staging Hong Kong: Gender and Performance in Transition. University of Hawaii. {{ISBN|0-8248-2164-5}}</ref>

==Languages and writing systems==
===Spoken languages===
{{Main|Languages of Hong Kong|Hong Kong English|}}
[[English language|English]] and [[Chinese language|Chinese]] are the two official [[languages of Hong Kong]].<ref name=blm>{{cite web |url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_1.html |title=Hong Kong Basic Law: Chapter I |access-date=17 March 2008 |publisher=[[Hong Kong Basic Law]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123110932/http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_1.html |archive-date=23 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the [[British Hong Kong|British colonial era]], English was the sole official language until 1978 but has remained a strong second language in Hong Kong. As the majority of the population in Hong Kong are descendants of migrants from China's [[Guangdong|Canton Province]], the vast majority speak standard [[Cantonese]] or other [[Yue Chinese]] varieties as a first language, with smaller numbers of speakers of [[Hakka Language]] or the [[Teochew dialect]] of [[Southern Min]]. In addition, immigrants and expatriates from the West and other Asian countries have contributed much to Hong Kong's linguistic and demographic diversity.

====Hong Kong Cantonese====
{{Main|Hong Kong Cantonese}}
Cantonese ({{lang|zh-Hant-HK|粵}}) has a 1000-year-long history and a rich heritage of traditional songs and poems.<ref>Chen, M., & Newman, J. (1984). From Middle Chinese to Modern Cantonese (Part I). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 12(1), 148-97.</ref><ref>Chen, M. Y., & Newman, J. (1984). From Middle Chinese to Modern Cantonese (Part 2). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 334-388.</ref><ref>Chen, M. Y., & Newman, J. (1985). From Middle Chinese to Modern Cantonese (Part 3). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 122-170.</ref> Although it is not one of the indigenous languages,<ref name="youtube.com">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYz6STyaSAc {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317071401/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYz6STyaSAc |date=17 March 2018 }} [[TVB News]] 《星期X檔案 -- 留住本土語》(''in Cantonese'')</ref><ref>http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20140217/18627989 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503013249/http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20140217/18627989 |date=3 May 2015 }} Apple Daily Hong Kong 《50年前廣東話人口不過半　淘汰多種方言成主流》17 February 2014 (''in Traditional Chinese'')</ref> it is the most widely spoken language in Hong Kong today. The Hong Kong style of Cantonese contains many [[loanword]]s from [[English language|English]], and also some from [[Japanese language|Japanese]], due to [[Japan]] being one of Hong Kong's biggest trade partners and the popularity of Japanese pop culture in the city in the past few decades. Nevertheless, Hong Kong Cantonese is still [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]] with the Cantonese spoken by [[Cantonese people]] from mainland China or [[overseas Chinese]] of Cantonese ancestry. Cantonese is also the primary language used in Hong Kong cultural products (pop songs, movies, etc.).{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

One distinctive trait of Hong Kong's Cantonese is that, due to [[Culture of the United Kingdom|British cultural influences]], Hong Kongers are noted to have a habit of sprinkling their Cantonese with English words, resulting in [[Code-switching in Hong Kong|a new speech pattern]] called "Kongish".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1903452/hongkongers-mix-english-and-cantonese-new-language-kongish |title=Hongkongers mix English and Cantonese into new language, Kongish |date=21 January 2016 |access-date=1 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324163815/http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1903452/hongkongers-mix-english-and-cantonese-new-language-kongish |archive-date=24 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Non-Cantonese Sinitic languages====
[[Hakka language|Hakka]] (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Haak<sup>3</sup> gaa<sup>1</sup> waa<sup>2</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 客家話), one of the indigenous languages of Hong Kong, is commonly used in many [[walled villages of Hong Kong|walled villages]] (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Wai<sup>4</sup> cyun<sup>1</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 圍村) in the [[New Territories]] and in [[Hakka people|Hakka ethnic communities]].<ref name="hkilang.org">http://www.hkilang.org  (''in Chinese Traditional'')</ref><ref>http://podcast.rthk.hk/podcast/item_epi.php?pid=315&lang=zh-CN&id=16160 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518102800/http://podcast.rthk.hk/podcast/item_epi.php?pid=315&lang=zh-CN&id=16160 |date=18 May 2015 }} [[RTHK]]《漫遊百科 - Ep. 17》(''in Cantonese'')</ref> Hakka is, like Cantonese and Mandarin, a member of the [[Varieties of Chinese|Chinese language family]], but has close to zero mutual intelligibility with either. Hakka culture also differs from Cantonese in terms of traditional architecture, music, cuisine, and other customs.

[[Weitou dialect|Waitau language]] (Jyutping: Wai<sup>4</sup> tau<sup>4</sup> waa<sup>2</sup>; Traditional Chinese: 圍頭話), another of Hong Kong's indigenous languages,<ref name="youtube.com"/><ref name="hkilang.org"/> is mostly spoken by the older generation living in walled villages in the New Territories. The [[Tanka people]] (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Daan<sup>6</sup> gaa<sup>1</sup> jan<sup>4</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 蜑家人) from the fishing [[list of villages in Hong Kong|village]]s are another group of Hong Kong indigenous peoples. Their language, [[Tanka people#Dialect|Tanka]] (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Daan<sup>6</sup> gaa<sup>1</sup> waa<sup>2</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 蜑家話), with their own version of Cantonese, is another form of Hong Kong indigenous languages.

====Government linguistic policy====
Since the 1997 [[handover of Hong Kong|handover]], the government has adopted the "biliterate and trilingual" (Jyutping: Loeng<sup>3</sup> man<sup>4</sup> saam<sup>1</sup> jyu<sup>5</sup>; Traditional Chinese: 兩文三語, literally "two writing systems and three languages") policy. Under this principle, "Chinese" (somewhat ambiguously) and English must both be acknowledged as official languages, with Cantonese being acknowledged as the de facto official (at least spoken) variety of Chinese in Hong Kong, while also accepting the use of [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]] (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Pou<sup>2</sup> tung<sup>1</sup> waa<sup>2</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 普通話)<ref>{{cite web|title=Living in Hong Kong – Before You Arrive|url=http://www.outwardbound.org.hk/OVERSEAS%20STAFF%20INFO%20PACK.doc|work=www.outwardbound.org.hk|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326024128/http://www.outwardbound.org.hk/OVERSEAS%20STAFF%20INFO%20PACK.doc|archive-date=26 March 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> in certain occasions.

===Writing systems===
[[File:Written cantonese.jpg|thumb|right|180px|A political advertisement written in Cantonese]]
In terms of [[writing system]]s, Hong Kongers write using [[Traditional Chinese characters]], which not only employ, under varying circumstances, variant and classical characters used since imperial years, but also cover all of the words in Mandarin-based [[Vernacular Chinese]], the language in which government documents and most works of literature are written. With the aid of [[Written Cantonese#Cantonese characters|Cantonese characters]] invented by Hong Kongers, the Cantonese language can now be written verbatim, and [[written Cantonese]] has become more prevalent since the turn of the 21st century, especially in less formal spheres such as internet forums and advertisements.<ref name="啟蒙與革命 － 鄭貫公、黃世仲等人的粵語寫作">{{Cite web |url=http://www.huayuqiao.org/LLM/LLM-17/LLM1703.htm |title=啟蒙與革命 － 鄭貫公、黃世仲等人的粵語寫作 |access-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821094712/http://www.huayuqiao.org/LLM/LLM-17/LLM1703.htm |archive-date=21 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Cultural identity==
After 156 years of rule as a separate British colony, Hong Kong's political separation from the rest of the Lingnan area has resulted in a unique local identity.<ref name=Hong>{{cite book|editor1-last=Louie|editor1-first=Kam|title=Hong Kong Culture: Word and Image|date=2010|publisher=[[Hong Kong University Press]]|isbn=978-988-8028-41-2|chapter=Introduction}}</ref> Elements of traditional Cantonese culture combined with British influences have shaped every aspect of the city, including its law, politics, education, languages, cuisines, and way of thinking. It is for this reason that locals refer to themselves as Hongkongers (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Hoeng<sup>1</sup> gong<sup>2</sup> yan<sup>4</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 香港人), to distinguish themselves and their culture from that of Han Chinese from mainland China. The sense of Hong Kong people asserting their unique identity and nationality has increased over time. This is due to the rising phenomena of conflicts between Hong Kongers and Mainlanders.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thorn |first1=Rachael |title=Hong Kong protests: A city's identity crisis |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-china-50466041/hong-kong-protests-a-city-s-identity-crisis |access-date=19 Nov 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gunia |first1=Amy |title=A Brief History of Protest in Post-Handover Hong Kong |url=https://time.com/5606212/hong-kong-history-mass-demonstrations-protest/ |access-date=20 June 2019 |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref>

Academic Kam Louie described Hong Kong's colonial past as creating a "translation space where Chinese-ness was interpreted for 'Westerners' and Western-ness translated for Chinese."<ref name=Hong/>

After the handover of Hong Kong, the [[University of Hong Kong]] surveyed residents about how they defined themselves. In its June 2022 poll, 39.1% of respondents identified as Hong Konger, 31.4% as Hong Konger in China, 17.6% as Chinese, 10.9% as Chinese in Hong Kong, and 42.4% as mixed identity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Categorical Ethnic Identity| work=HKPORI - 香港民意研究所 - The Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute Limited (HKPORI) was registered in Hong Kong as a limited company on 19 February 2019 and started to operate on 4 May 2019. It is a direct continuation of the Public Opinion Programme (POP) of The University of Hong Kong (HKU) after it spins off from the university. | date=27 January 2021 |url=https://www.pori.hk/pop-poll/ethnic-identity-en/q001.html?lang=en |publisher=Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute |access-date=5 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In a 2023 [[Pew Research Center|Pew Research]] survey, adults in Hong Kong were most likely to identify as both Chinese and Hong Konger (53%), followed by those who identify primarily a Hong Konger (36%), and solely as Chinese (10%).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huang |first=Manolo Corichi and Christine |date=2023-12-05 |title=How people in Hong Kong view mainland China and their own identity |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/12/05/how-people-in-hong-kong-view-mainland-china-and-their-own-identity/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> The decrease in the number of people who identify as Hong Kongers may be related to the mass [[Emigration from Hong Kong|exodus of pro-democracy Hong Kongers]], an increase in the number of [[New immigrants in Hong Kong|mainland Chinese immigrants]], and an increase in [[Censorship in Hong Kong|self-censorship]] by those still living in Hong Kong ever since the implementation of the [[2020 Hong Kong national security law|2020 National Security Law]]. Those who left often identify as Hong Kongers and/or ethnically Chinese but not as nationally Chinese while mainland immigrants typically identify as nationally Chinese.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-04 |title=682,000 mainland tourists enter Hong Kong from May 1 to 3, up 23% year on year |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/hong-kong-economy/article/3309003/over-682000-mainland-tourists-hong-kong-may-1-3-23-year-year |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=McNeill |first=Sophie |date=2021-06-30 |title="They Don't Understand the Fear We Have" |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/06/30/they-dont-understand-fear-we-have/how-chinas-long-reach-repression-undermines |journal=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koo |first=Alex Zhi-Xiong |date=2024-01-01 |title=The Evolution of Self-Censorship in Hong Kong Online Journalism: Influences from Digitalization and the State |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612221075553 |journal=The International Journal of Press/Politics |language=EN |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=143–163 |doi=10.1177/19401612221075553 |issn=1940-1612|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

This mixture of different identities arose not only from conflicts between local Hong Kongers and immigrants from mainland China. As Hong Kong developed as a fishing village into an international financial hub, many middle-class individuals admired and adapted to European life and culture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-12 |title=What identity crisis? Hongkongers confront questions of belonging after Legco oath saga |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2044858/what-identity-crisis-hongkongers-confront-questions |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> The presence of both European and Chinese cultures has caused some to feel the need to pick between a European, often perceived as international, identity and a Chinese identity, or even a desire for a completely independent identity, separate from both Europe and China.

==Society==
{{See also|Demographics of Hong Kong|Chinese social relations}}
[[File:HappyValleyHongKonglighting.jpg|thumb|right|[[Happy Valley, Hong Kong|Happy Valley]] apartment blocks]]

In Hong Kong, traditional [[Confucianism|Confucian]]-derived values such as "family solidarity", "courtesy" and "[[Face (social concept)|saving face]]" carry significant weight in the minds of the people. Hong Kong's mainstream culture is derived from and heavily influenced by the [[Cantonese people|Cantonese]] from the neighbouring province of [[Guangdong]] ("Gwongdung" in Cantonese) and their culture, which is considerably different from those of other [[Han Chinese subgroups|Han Chinese people]]. There are also small communities of [[Hakka people|Hakka]], [[Hokkien people|Hokkien]], [[Teochew people|Teochew]] and [[Shanghainese people|Shanghainese]] people in Hong Kong.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Structurally, one of the first laws to define people's relationships was the Hong Kong Matrimonial Ordinance passed in 1972. The law set the precedent of banning [[concubinage]] and [[Same-sex marriage|same sex marriages]] with a strict declaration for heterosexual relationships with [[monogamy|one partner]] only.<ref name="Chou">Chou, Wah-Shan. Zhou, Huashan. [2000] (2000). Tongzhi: Politics of Same-Sex Eroticism in Chinese Societies. Haorth Press {{ISBN|1-56023-153-X}}</ref> Other economic changes include families in need of assistance due to both parents working. In particular, [[Foreign domestic helpers in Hong Kong|foreign domestic helpers]] have become an integral part of the household since the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeung |first=Jessie |date=2020-07-10 |title=The city where hundreds of thousands of women have to live with their boss |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/09/asia/hong-kong-helper-live-in-rule-intl-hnk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250719201747/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/09/asia/hong-kong-helper-live-in-rule-intl-hnk |archive-date=2025-07-19 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

==Architecture==
{{Main|Architecture of Hong Kong}}
In terms of architecture, Hong Kong shows Cantonese, British, and indigenous influences. She has several styles of architecture, most notably [[Cantonese architecture]] and [[British architecture]]. The former is due to the presence of a large number of people with Cantonese ancestry, and the latter is most commonly seen in government buildings due to the British being the rulers of the city. Hong Kong's indigenous peoples also have their own styles, namely walled villages and [[pang uk]]. The major{{according to whom|date=October 2018}} architectural styles that can be found in Hong Kong include:
<gallery widths="230">
File:HK AberdeenTinHauTemple.JPG|A [[Mazu (Goddess)|Mazu]] temple in [[Shek Pai Wan]]; It clearly shows traits of classical Lingnan style - pale colour, rectangular structures, use of [[relief]]s, among others.
File:HK Shatin TsangTaiUk.JPG|[[Tsang Tai Uk]] in [[Shatin]]; It is also a distinctively Lingnan (Cantonese) building, being a [[Lingnan architecture#Wok yi uk|wok yi uk]].
File:Main Building HKU 20100926 03.JPG|Main building of [[University of Hong Kong]]; Being a former British colony, Hong Kong naturally has a lot of British architecture, especially in government buildings.
File:HK ShanghaiStreet CantoneseVerandahTypePrewarShophouses.JPG|Tong laus in [[Mongkok]]; While [[tong lau]]s can be seen throughout [[Lingnan]], they are especially common in Hong Kong.
File:HK KamTin WingLungWai EntranceGate.JPG|[[Wing Lung Wai]], a [[Walled villages of Hong Kong|walled village]] in Kam Tin; Hong Kong indigenous people built walled villages to protect themselves from rampant privates between 15th to 19th century.
File:Tai O (8).JPG|Pang uk in [[Tai O]]; Pang uks were built by Tanka people, who had the traditions of living above water and regarding it as an honour.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.discoverhongkong.com/tc/see-do/great-outdoors/outlying-islands/lantau-island/tai-o-stilt-houses.jsp |title=大澳棚屋 |access-date=4 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625202542/http://www.discoverhongkong.com/tc/see-do/great-outdoors/outlying-islands/lantau-island/tai-o-stilt-houses.jsp |archive-date=25 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
File:Chi-Lin nunnery.JPG|The [[Chi Lin Nunnery]] adopted [[Tang-style architecture]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://annannyang.pixnet.net/blog/post/221617647-%5B%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF-%E9%91%BD%E7%9F%B3%E5%B1%B1%5D%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%92%E8%93%AE%E6%B1%A0-%E5%BF%97%E8%93%AE%E6%B7%A8%E8%8B%91-%E4%BB%BF%E7%85%A7%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3%E8%97%9D |title=南園蓮池/志蓮淨苑 仿照唐代藝術的古式園林與佛教廟宇～ |date=15 February 2017 |access-date=21 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830012015/http://annannyang.pixnet.net/blog/post/221617647-%5b%e9%a6%99%e6%b8%af-%e9%91%bd%e7%9f%b3%e5%b1%b1%5d%e5%8d%97%e5%9c%92%e8%93%ae%e6%b1%a0-%e5%bf%97%e8%93%ae%e6%b7%a8%e8%8b%91-%e4%bb%bf%e7%85%a7%e5%94%90%e4%bb%a3%e8%97%9d |archive-date=30 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
</gallery>

Hong Kong also contained some Chinese Renaissance style architectures such as [[King Yin Lei]] at 45 Stubbs Road,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.heritage.gov.hk/en/doc/LegCo%20Brief%20-%20No.%2045%20Stubbs%20Road%20(ENG).pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004185617/https://www.heritage.gov.hk/en/doc/LegCo%20Brief%20-%20No.%2045%20Stubbs%20Road%20(ENG).pdf |archive-date=4 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and St Mary's Church of [[Sheng Kung Hui]] (Anglican Communion) in Hong Kong Island.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYZYCgAAQBAJ|script-title=zh:圖說香港歷史建築 1920－1945|author=黃棣才|page=96|language=zh-hk|isbn=9789888340200|date=8 May 2015|publisher=中華書局(香港)出版有限公司 |access-date=4 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004145016/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=sYZYCgAAQBAJ|archive-date=4 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

<gallery widths="230">
File:景賢里1.JPG|King Yin Lei
File:HongKong StMarysChurch.jpg|alt=HKSKH St. Mary's Church 2A Tai Hang Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong   "A 'Chinese Renaissance' style church in Hong Kong"  http://webs-of-significance.blogspot.com/2015/04/a-chinese-renaissance-style-church-in.html|[[Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui|HKSKH]] St. Mary's Church, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong 
</gallery>

==Visual arts==
{{main|Visual art of Hong Kong}}

===Fine arts===
Hong Kong supports a variety of artistic activities. The [[Hong Kong Arts Centre]] in Wanchai offers a variety of performance venues and galleries, and is supportive of other arts organisations, while [[Oi! (Hong Kong)|Oi! arts center]], located inside the [[List of Grade II historic buildings in Hong Kong|historic]] [[Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club]], aims to promote visual arts in Hong Kong by providing a platform for art exhibitions, forums and other art-related activities. [[M+]] has a focus on twentieth- and twenty-first-century visual culture, including design, architecture, and Hong Kong visual culture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=M+ Collection {{!}} M+ |url=https://www.mplus.org.hk/en/about-the-collection/m-collection/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=www.mplus.org.hk |language=en-US}}</ref> At the international level, Hong Kong hosts the leading contemporary art fair [[Art Basel]] in Asia and is a center for [[new media art]] with venues such as [[Microwave International New Media Arts Festival]] and [[Videotage]]. Even in less urban areas of the city, Hong Kongers have also built creative oases such as the [[Cattle Depot Artist Village]] and the [[Fo Tan#Artistic community|Fo Tan artistic community]]. Contemporary visual artists from Hong Kong include [[Nadim Abbas]], [[Amy Cheung (Hong Kong artist)|Amy Cheung]], [[Choi Yan-chi]], [[Ming Fay]], [[Lai Cheuk Wah Sarah]], [[Tsang Tsou Choi]], [[Ho Sin Tung]] and [[Eric Siu]].

Hong Kong has recently seen a boom in independent art groups.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.hkeld.com | title=Home &#124; HKELD | access-date=26 December 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121044334/http://www.hkeld.com/ | archive-date=21 January 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>

====Cantonese fine arts====
Hong Kong also hosts several styles of [[Lingnan culture#Visual arts|Lingnan (Cantonese) fine arts]], including the Lingnan styles of painting and bonsai. For example, [[Yeung Sin-sum]], who is venerated as "the last master of the [[Lingnan school of painting]]", is based (though not born) in Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0209/11/4132394_351032230.shtml |title=嶺南畫派最後一位大師 |access-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921000829/http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0209/11/4132394_351032230.shtml |archive-date=21 September 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hong Kong also has [http://www.penjing.hk/?lang=en an active club supporting Lingnan penjing] (English website).

Hong Kong is also home to modern ink painting, which infuses traditional Chinese [[ink painting]] with experimental techniques and approaches.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chan|first=Pedith|date=October 2016|title=LEAP-10月號-香港水墨：浮動身分的探索|url=http://www.asiaartcenter.org/asia/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/LEAP-10%E6%9C%88%E8%99%9F-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%B0%B4%E5%A2%A8%EF%BC%9A%E6%B5%AE%E5%8B%95%E8%BA%AB%E5%88%86%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-03|website=Asia Art Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831211519/http://www.asiaartcenter.org/asia/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/LEAP-10%E6%9C%88%E8%99%9F-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%B0%B4%E5%A2%A8%EF%BC%9A%E6%B5%AE%E5%8B%95%E8%BA%AB%E5%88%86%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2.pdf |archive-date=31 August 2021 }}</ref> Prominent artists in this field include [[Lui Shou-Kwan|Lui Shou-kwan]], [[Liu Guosong|Liu Kuo-sung]], and [[Chan Kwan Lap|Eddy Chan]].

===Graffiti art===
{{Main|Graffiti in Hong Kong}}
[[File:Tsang graffiti.jpg|thumb|190px|The graffiti work of [[Tsang Tsou Choi]], the "King of Kowloon"]]

Graffiti art (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Tou<sup>4</sup> aa<sup>1</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 塗鴉) is abundant on Hong Kong streets. The Hong Kong style of graffiti art ranges from calligraphy using Chinese characters to satires against politicians. It is technically illegal in Hong Kong, but lax law enforcement results in the proliferation of graffiti art. Nowadays, graffiti art is omnipresent in the streets of Hong Kong, especially in the busier districts such as [[Mongkok]]. The work of Tsang Tsou Choi, one of the most prominent Hong Kong graffiti artists, even had his work sold for more than 50,000 [[Hong Kong dollars]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOwWcSP4ZZ0 |title=2007-07-25 youtube TVB 晚間新聞  |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=15 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310103538/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOwWcSP4ZZ0 |archive-date=10 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nowadays, many Hong Kongers have started regarding graffiti arts as a symbol of their city and host activities promoting graffiti art.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hongkonghustle.com/art-design/7944/hong-kong-graffiti-wall-of-fame-mongkok-bute-luen-wan-street-argyle-alley-kowloon-hk-china-street-art-mk-style-artist-piece/ |title=Mongkok's Graffiti Wall Of Fame! |date=3 July 2013 |access-date=1 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216164709/http://www.hongkonghustle.com/art-design/7944/hong-kong-graffiti-wall-of-fame-mongkok-bute-luen-wan-street-argyle-alley-kowloon-hk-china-street-art-mk-style-artist-piece/ |archive-date=16 December 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:TinHamanhua.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Cover of [[Fung Wan|Tin Ha]]]]

===Comics===
{{Main|Manhua|Hong Kong comics}}
Hong Kong comics (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Hoeng<sup>1</sup> gong<sup>2</sup> maan<sup>6</sup> waa<sup>2</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 香港漫畫) are Hong Kong-based comic books that have provided an avenue of expression long before the arrival of television. While readership has fluctuated through different decades, the art form is one of the most consistent in terms of providing highly affordable entertainment. Hong Kong comics are regularly available at news stands in most street corners. Characters such as [[Old Master Q]], [[Chinese hero]] and many others have showcased Han Chinese artwork and stories (especially Cantonese ones). Japanese [[manga]] have also been translated and fused into local comics libraries.

===Canton porcelain===
[[File:Vase with floral scroll design in Canton enamel (Hong Kong Museum of Art).jpg|thumb|150px|"Vase with floral scroll design", on show in [[Hong Kong Museum of Art]]]]
Hong Kongers, like their fellow Cantonese, have also dabbled in [[Canton porcelain]]. Canton porcelain (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Gwong<sup>2</sup> coi<sup>2</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 廣彩), also called "Cantonese porcelain", is a distinct style of [[porcelain]] that originated from [[Guangzhou|Canton City]], the center of Lingnan culture. It primarily involves a specific set of techniques that enable Cantonese to get various colours onto white porcelain, resulting in porcelain products that are unusually bright and colourful. Hong Kongers has worked on Canton porcelain in the early 20th century and exported their products even to the Western world. Nowadays, however, as the city has shifted her focus to service and finance, it is mostly hobbyists who would spend time on this style of porcelain art.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scarcity.com.hk/legend-of-hk-ware-yuet-tung-china-works/ |title=香港僅存廣彩瓷廠 首度展覽經典瓷畫 |access-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418194902/http://www.scarcity.com.hk/legend-of-hk-ware-yuet-tung-china-works/ |archive-date=18 April 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Performing arts==
===Music===
{{Main|Music of Hong Kong}}

====Cantonese opera====
[[Cantonese opera]] is one of the major categories in [[Chinese opera|Han Chinese opera]], originating in southern China's Cantonese culture. Like all branches of Han Chinese opera, it is an art form involving music, singing, martial arts, acrobatics, and acting. Features particular to Cantonese opera include being sung in the Cantonese language, plus its heavy use of makeup and headdresses. Cantonese opera also uses a distinct set of musical instruments. Hong Kong also has a distinct style of Cantonese opera (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|San<sup>4</sup> gung<sup>1</sup> hei<sup>3</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 神功戲, literally "opera using effort of gods") specifically played during [[Cheung Chau Bun Festival]]. The art form carries a national identity that goes as far back as the first wave of immigrants to arrive in the 1950s. Nowadays, [[Sunbeam Theatre]] is one of the places that hold the tradition. 
{{Gallery
|title=Cantonese opera in Hong Kong
|width=240
|align=center
|File:HongKong003.jpg|A scene of Cantonese opera in [[Hong Kong Museum of History]]
|File:Tin Hau Bo Dan.jpg|Cantonese opera played in [[Mazu (Goddess)|Mazu]]'s Birthday
|Image:HK YamPak SinFungMing Opera costume ChowSaiHin 60326.jpg|A costume used in Cantonese opera 
}}

====Pop music====
[[File:Hong Kong Coliseum.jpg|right|thumb|240px|[[Hong Kong Coliseum]] also is a [[Cantopop]] concert venue]]
{{Main|Cantopop}}
Cantopop (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Jyut<sup>6</sup> jyu<sup>5</sup> lau<sup>4</sup> hang<sup>4</sup> kuk<sup>1</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 粵語流行曲), also called HK-pop, has dominated and become synonymous with local music culture since its birth in Hong Kong, though the gradual fall of Cantopop in the mid-1990s had given rise to other forms of pop culture, mainly Japanese, Korean, and western music. Still, Cantopop enjoys considerable popularity in Cantonese communities across the world. Nowadays, the global influence of Mandarin has slightly influenced the style. [[Mandopop]] from [[Taiwan]] is gaining ground. Most artists are essentially multilingual, singing in both Cantonese and Mandarin. [[Hong Kong English pop]], Japanese, Korean, and western music are also popular among Hong Kongers.

====Classical music====

Western classical music is also widely appreciated by many Hong Kong people. Many schools provide free musical instrument lessons to their students.  There are also quite a number of professional, amateur and student orchestras performing regularly. The best known orchestra is the '''Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Vision and Mission {{!}} HK Phil|url=https://www.hkphil.org/vision-and-mission|access-date=2020-09-05|website=www.hkphil.org|language=en}}</ref> [https://www.hkphil.org/]. The Orchestra was originally called the Sino-British Orchestra, it was renamed the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra in 1957 and became a professional orchestra in 1974.  The Orchestra is currently under the direction of Music Director Jaap van Zweden. It won the Gramophone Orchestra of the Year Award 2019.<ref> [https://www.gramophone.co.uk/awards/gramophone-classical-music-awards-2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408091351/https://www.gramophone.co.uk/awards/gramophone-classical-music-awards-2020|date=April 8, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gramophone Classical Music Awards 2020|url=https://www.gramophone.co.uk/awards/gramophone-classical-music-awards-2020|access-date=2020-09-05|website=Gramophone|language=en}}</ref>

Another well known orchestra is '''[[Hong Kong Sinfonietta]]'''  (Chinese: 香港小交響樂團).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hong Kong Sinfonietta|url=https://hksl.org/|access-date=2020-09-05|language=en-US}}</ref> Established in 1990, one of its main focuses of HK Sinfonietta is to promote classical music to the general public.  In 2002, the conductor and music director  [[Yip Wing-sie|Wing-sie Yip]] (葉詠詩) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yip Wing-sie – Hong Kong Sinfonietta|url=https://hksl.org/conductor/yip-wing-sie/|access-date=2020-09-06|language=en-US}}</ref> joined the orchestra as the first woman conductor in Hong Kong. She has broadened the base of classical music lovers in the city.

An amateur orchestra organised by the [https://www.thkma.org/home.php Hong Kong Medical Association], also called the Hong Kong Doctors Orchestra is an orchestra formed in 1989 by a group of doctors who loved classical music.  This orchestra has performed in many charity events every year.  Its aim is to care for patients and the society, not just by medicines, but also by music.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Orchestra|url=https://www.thkma.org/orchestra.html|access-date=2020-09-05|website=www.thkma.org}}</ref>

For Hong Kong youths who are interested in becoming professional musicians, they can attend [[Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts|the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts]] where they can obtain a master's degree, bachelor honours degree in Music majoring in a musical instrument.  There are also part-time courses offered by the academy accredited by the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About - About - HKAPA|url=https://www.hkapa.edu/about/about|access-date=2020-09-06|website=www.hkapa.edu|language=en}}</ref> Many graduates have become professional players and music teachers.

===Theatres===
Hong Kong theatres include:
* [[Aurora Theatre Hong Kong]]
* [[Hong Kong Cultural Centre]]
* [[Ko Shan Theatre]]
* [[The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts|Lyric Theatre]]
* Star Hall
* Tea House Theatre
* The Hub
* Xiqu Centre, West Kowloon
* [[Yau Ma Tei Theatre]]

===Cinema===
{{Main|Hong Kong cinema}}
The Hong Kong cinema (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Gong<sup>2</sup> caan<sup>2</sup> pin<sup>3</sup>}}; Cantonese: 港產片) industry has been one of the most successful worldwide, especially during the second half of the 20th century. Having received international recognition for directors such as [[Wong Kar-wai]], it has remained a moderate level of prominence despite a severe slump starting in the mid-1990s. [[Martial artist]]s and film stars such as [[Jackie Chan]] and [[Bruce Lee]] are known globally, especially in [[Chinatown|Chinese settlements]] overseas, historically most of whom have been of Cantonese ancestry and enjoy Cantonese-language entertainment. Many other Hong Kongers actors have transitioned over to Hollywood, including [[Chow Yun-fat]] and [[John Woo]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

====Hong Kong humour====
The cinema of Hong Kong is noted for its brands of [[martial arts movies]] and [[comedy]]. The latter is said to have its own style of humour, which has been termed "Hong Kong humour" (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Gong<sup>2</sup> sik<sup>1</sup> jau<sup>1</sup> mak<sup>6</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 港式幽默) - alluding to [[British humour]].<ref>[http://www.twword.com/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%BC%8F%E5%B9%BD%E9%BB%98 港式幽默]</ref> It is said to be characterised by [[black comedy]] and, more distinctively, [[Mo lei tau]], and may have been influenced by British humour.

===Television dramas===
{{Main|Hong Kong television drama}}
Locally produced television dramas by the free-to-air networks of [[Television Broadcasts Limited|TVB]] and [[Asia Television|ATV]] have been fairly popular during 1970s to mid 2000.  They have contributed to a unique cultural identity among the Hong Kongers and served as a cultural resource for the Cantonese community worldwide. Many of the well known dramas were exported to South East Asian countries, the US, Canada and the UK in the form of tapes, then VCD/CDs.  Hong Kong was the powerhouse for producing a large number of soap opera TV series in Cantonese dialect. However, the gradual demise of ATV and eventually, TVB, because of worsening quality of TV shows and dramas resulted in greater preference for those produced in China and other Asian nations, namely South Korean, Japanese, and Taiwanese TV shows, which now dominate the latest TV trends in Hong Kong.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

===Animation===
[[File:AoS McDull statue.JPG|thumb|180px|A statue of [[McDull]], a Hong Kongers cartoon character; He is now known throughout East Asia.]]
{{See also|Chinese animation}}
While Hong Kong has had an endless supply from Japanese [[anime]] and US [[Disney]] animations, China has been trying hard to revitalise the industry. Hong Kong has made contributions in recent years with productions like ''[[A Chinese Ghost Story: The Tsui Hark Animation]]'' and ''[[DragonBlade: The Legend of Lang|DragonBlade]]''. Most notably, companies like [[Imagi Animation Studios]] located directly in the territory are now pushing [[3D computer graphics|3D]]-[[Computer-generated imagery|CG]] animations into the market.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

[[McDull]] is arguably the most prominent among Hong Kongers animations.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

===Other performing arts===
In addition to the above, Hong Kong has different kinds of performing arts, including drama, dance, and theater. Hong Kong is home to the first full-time [[comedy club]] in Asia, [[The TakeOut Comedy Club Hong Kong]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.takeoutcomedy.com/SCMP.pdf |title="Stand and Deliver", ''South China Morning Post'' |access-date=28 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213155427/http://www.takeoutcomedy.com/SCMP.pdf |archive-date=13 February 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> There are also many government-supported theater companies. More recently, in 2014, Hong Kong had had its first outdoor Shakespeare festival, Shakespeare in the Port performed at [[Cyberport]].<ref>http://www.hongkongshakes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051404/http://www.hongkongshakes.com/ |date=29 May 2014 }}</ref>

The following performing artist groups originated from and based in Hong Kong have seen modest success even beyond Asia:
*[[Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra]], who play [[Chinese music]]
*[[Hong Kong Ballet]]
*[[Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra]]
*[[Hong Kong Sinfonietta]]

==Literary culture==

===Print media===
{{See also|Media in Hong Kong}}
[[File:3rd Central Star Ferry Pier - Magazine Store.JPG|thumb|right|Newsstand at [[Star Ferry|Star Ferry Pier]]]]

Magazine and [[Newspapers of Hong Kong|newspaper]] publishers distribute and print in numerous languages, most notably [[Vernacular Chinese]] and English. The printed media, especially [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]]s but also [[broadsheet]] newspapers, lean heavily on [[sensationalism]] and celebrity gossips. While the practice is criticised, it continues to sell papers. The media is relatively [[freedom of speech|free from government interference]] compared to [[Media in China|that of mainland China]], and newspapers are often politicised; some have even shown skepticism toward the [[Politics of the People's Republic of China|Chinese government]] in Beijing.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/19/world/asia/exposes-of-chinas-elite-a-big-lure-in-hong-kong.html ''On Hong Kong Shelves, Illicit Dirt on China's Elite''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722230823/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/19/world/asia/exposes-of-chinas-elite-a-big-lure-in-hong-kong.html |date=22 July 2016 }} 18 May 2013 ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref>

===Broadcasting===
{{See also|Communications in Hong Kong|Media in Hong Kong}}
In the early 2000s, Hong Kong had two main broadcast television stations, TVB and ATV. The latter was closed in 2016 after a long series of financial issues, and the refusal of the government to renew its broadcasting license. The former, launched in 1967, was the territory's first [[free-to-air]] commercial station, and is currently the predominant TV station in the city and can also been seen in the neighbouring Gwongdung province and [[Macau]] (via cable). Paid cable and satellite television have also been widespread. Hong Kong's soap dramas, comedy series, and a variety of shows have reached mass audiences throughout the world of [[Varieties of Chinese|Chinese languages]], primarily Cantonese communities. Many international and pan-Asian broadcasters are also based in Hong Kong, including [[News Corporation (1980–2013)|News Corporation]]'s [[Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific|STAR TV]].

===Hong Kong literature===
{{main|Hong Kong literature}}
Hong Kong literature is the literature produced in Hong Kong. It started in the early 20th century, where successive waves of migrants from mainland China (mostly of Cantonese ancestry) moved to the British-controlled city in their attempts to escape from the then war-torn China. At first, the educated among these migrants felt much resentment for having to stay in Hong Kong, a "land of Southern Barbarians". Many of their works revolved around expressing such sentiments. Starting from the 1960s, however, Hong Kong developed in such a high pace that writers started writing about Hong Kong herself, with topics ranging from local current events and cultures. Nowadays, Hong Kong literature has been fully developed, with numerous prolific writers producing works such as proses and novels. Hong Kong literature is characterised by its heavy use of daily life scenarios - meaning that romance, humour, and satires are popular genres, although Hong Kong has also produced several prominent [[wuxia]] (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Mou<sup>5</sup> haap<sup>6</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 武俠) and [[science fiction]] writers. Prominent writers of Hong Kong literature include:

:[[Amy Cheung (writer)|Amy Cheung]], a writer of romance and proses; Notable works include "Women on the Breadfruit Tree" and "For Love or Money".
:[[Chip Tsao]], known for writing proses and articles that discuss cultures (especially Western ones).
:[[Jin Yong]], a renowned wuxia writer; Several of his novels have been made into movies and animations.
:[[Ni Kuang]], a science fiction writer; He also has had several of his novels made into movies.

====Cantonese literature====
Lingnan literature was traditionally written in [[classical Chinese]], rather than the peoples' spoken languages. Despite the attempt to create [[vernacular]] forms of writing in the late 19th century, the [[Greater China]] region still tend to use Vernacular Chinese, a writing system based on Mandarin, not Cantonese (i.e., the peoples' language in the Lingnan region), in writing. Hong Kong is no exception. The vast majority of works of Hong Kong literature were composed in Vernacular Chinese. However, starting from the 21st century, Hong Kong, as a cultural center in the region, has developed a [[written Cantonese|complete writing system for Cantonese]].<ref>Snow, D. (2004). Cantonese as written language: The growth of a written Chinese vernacular (Vol. 1). Hong Kong University Press.</ref> Some writers in the city now advocate composing literature in written Cantonese.<ref name="啟蒙與革命 － 鄭貫公、黃世仲等人的粵語寫作"/>

==Cuisine==
{{Main|Cuisine of Hong Kong}}
{{See also|Hong Kong tea culture|Traditional candies in Hong Kong}}
[[File:HKFloatingRestaurant.jpg|right|thumb|210px|[[Aberdeen Harbour]]; There, one can catch a [[sampan]] to the [[Jumbo Floating Restaurant]].]]

Cuisine holds an important place in Hong Kong culture. From [[dim sum]], [[hot pot]] (''da been lo''), fast food, to the rarest delicacies, Hong Kong carries the reputable label of ''"Gourmet Paradise"'' and ''"World's Fair of Food"''. Hong Kong cuisine, which is influenced by both Western (mainly British) and Chinese (mainly [[Cantonese cuisine|Cantonese]]) cultures, is very diverse. Despite these influences, it is not simply a collection of cuisine from other regions of the world, but also has its own style. An example would be [[Dai pai dong]], a casual outdoor dining restaurant, primarily providing Cantonese food. 

Another type of casual Hong Kong eating establishment is the [[Cha chaan teng]] (literally "tea restaurant"), which evolved from the [[bing sutt]] ("ice room").<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Weimin |date=2016-07-19 |title=香港人的驕傲——冰室、餐室、茶餐廳文化 （上） |url=http://www.orangenews.hk/blog/system/2016/07/19/010037911.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821165908/http://www.orangenews.hk/blog/system/2016/07/19/010037911.shtml |archive-date=21 August 2017 |access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Weimin |date=2016-07-25 |title=香港人的驕傲——冰室、餐室、茶餐廳文化 （下） |url=http://www.orangenews.hk/blog/system/2016/07/25/010038191.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125448/http://www.orangenews.hk/blog/system/2016/07/25/010038191.shtml |archive-date=21 August 2017 |access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> In these "tea restaurants", various meals are served throughout the day for breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, and dinner. The menu consists of Hong Kong favorites which show influences of eastern (mostly Cantonese) and British cuisines. Frequent items include Hong Kong-style French toast, [[yuenyeung]], silk-stocking [[Hong Kong–style milk tea|milk tea]], tomato soup with macaroni and BBQ pork, pineapple buns, and iced lemon tea.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Au |first=Hei Kiu |date=2025-04-18 |title=The Evolution of Cha Chaan Teng: Exploring Hong Kong's Iconic Dishes and Local Dining Culture |url=http://guide.michelin.com/tw/en/article/features/evolution-of-cha-chaan-teng-hong-kong-s-iconic-dishes-and-local-dining-culture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009151244/https://guide.michelin.com/tw/en/article/features/evolution-of-cha-chaan-teng-hong-kong-s-iconic-dishes-and-local-dining-culture |archive-date=2025-10-09 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hiranand |first=Riva |date=2024-06-10 |title=Hand-crushed lemon tea trends in Hong Kong – where to find the best? |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/food-drink/article/3265990/hand-crushed-lemon-tea-takes-hong-kong-we-test-best-version |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103014137/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/food-drink/article/3265990/hand-crushed-lemon-tea-takes-hong-kong-we-test-best-version |archive-date=2025-01-03 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>

Another Hong Kong speciality is street foods. Before the 1990s, street foods were offered by hawkers, who are vendors with little carts moving around the streets and selling their traditional snacks. The best known Hong Kong street foods are curry fish balls, soya-braised cuttlefish, stinky tofu, curry pig skins, pig-blood jelly, red bean, green bean sweet soup, siu mai, etc.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ancheta |first1=Tatum |last2=Chan |first2=Cherry |date=2020-06-25 |title=Hong Kong's best street food essentials |url=https://www.timeout.com/hong-kong/restaurants/hong-kong-street-food-essentials |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030125628/https://www.timeout.com/hong-kong/restaurants/hong-kong-street-food-essentials |archive-date=2020-10-30 |access-date=2020-09-15 |website=Time Out Hong Kong |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-13 |title=10 Best Street Food in Hong Kong For A Yummy Energy Boost |url=https://www.travelvui.com/hong-kong/the-10-best-street-food-in-hong-kong/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926181011/https://www.travelvui.com/hong-kong/the-10-best-street-food-in-hong-kong/ |archive-date=2020-09-26 |access-date=2020-09-15 |website=Travelvui |language=en}}</ref> However, after the 1990s, due to food safety regulations, traffic laws and the like, hawkers started to disappear. They were then replaced by licensed food stores making similar types of snacks. These traditional street foods are still delightful for many Hong Kong people and tourists alike.

There are many special foods and drinks in Hong Kong. Hong Kong-style Cantonese pastries are made by most bakeries in Hong Kong, like [[egg tart]]s, [[pineapple buns]], [[Sweetheart cake|wife cake]], [[jin deui]], roasted pork buns, and [[cream bun]]. Even [[pastel de nata]], a Portuguese egg tart, is being sold in KFC, the fast-food chain restaurant.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dewolf |first1=Christopher |last2=Ozawa |first2=Izzy |last3=Lam |first3=Tiffany |last4=Lau |first4=Viginia |last5=Li |first5=Zoe |date=2010-07-13 |title=CNN Travel {{!}} Global Destinations, Tips & Video |url=http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220011303/http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489 |archive-date=2014-02-20 |access-date= |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> [[Poon choi]], a cuisine from Hong Kong's walled villages, also sees popularity among Hong Kongers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yan |first=Pearl |date=2021-02-09 |title=Is Walled Village Poon Choi A Disappearing Tradition? |url=http://guide.michelin.com/mo/en/article/features/walled-village-poon-choi-disappearing-tradition-hong-kong |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316190042/https://guide.michelin.com/mo/en/article/features/walled-village-poon-choi-disappearing-tradition-hong-kong |archive-date=2021-03-16 |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-MO}}</ref>

===Gallery===
<gallery widths="230">
File:Zhaliang.jpg|[[Zhaliang|Za leung]] is often eaten in Cantonese breakfast.
File:Macharsiew by daxiang stef.jpg|BBQ pork is a common dish in Cantonese cuisine.
File:10 Thousand Buddhas Monastery 豆腐花 Bean Curd 2.jpg|[[Tong sui]] is popular among Hong Kongers as well.
File:MiniSnowyMoonCakewithMungBeanPaste.jpg|Mooncakes found in Hong Kong are mostly [[Mooncake#Regional variations in China and Taiwan|Cantonese-style]], though Hong Kongers also have local inventions such as [[snow skin mooncake]].
File:Hong_Kong-style_Milk_Tea.jpg|A cup of [[Hong Kong-style milk tea]]
File:Sizzling Plate Dinner Set with Soup and Bun.JPG|[[Hong Kong cuisine#Hong Kong-style Western cuisine|Canto-Western cuisine]] is common in Hong Kong. It has both "Western" and Chinese (mainly Cantonese) influences.
File:HK Food Poon Choi Pen Cai Big Bowl Feast Cafe de Coral.JPG|A bowl of poon choi
File:Wun Tsai Chi.jpg|Imitation shark fin soup is a popular street snack invented in Hong Kong. It looks like [[shark fin soup]] but doesn't use actual shark fins. The soup is either made with synthetic shark fins, [[cellophane noodles]], [[Konjac|konjac gel]], or other alternatives.
</gallery>

==Traditional celebrations==
{{See also|Traditional Chinese holidays|Public holidays in Hong Kong}}
Hong Kong celebrates several distinctive holidays as part of eastern culture, which are not generally observed in western countries, apart from certain overseas communities (especially Cantonese). The best-known is [[Lunar New Year]], which falls in late January or early February, about a month after the Gregorian New Year. During this time, Hong Kong resdents traditionally go to flower fairs,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hong-kong-traveller.com/hong-kong-chinese-new-year-flower-market.html#.WVHbXuuGPDc |title=Hong Kong Chinese New Year Flower Markets |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615195922/http://www.hong-kong-traveller.com/hong-kong-chinese-new-year-flower-market.html#.WVHbXuuGPDc |archive-date=15 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> a practice also common among mainland Cantonese. Other Han Chinese events include the [[Duanwu Festival|Dragon Boat Festival]], when millions traditionally make ''[[zongzi]]'' at home, and the [[Mid-Autumn Festival]], marked by the widespread purchase of [[Mooncake]]s from bakeries.

There are also several celebrations found only in Hong Kong, namely the [[Cheung Chau Bun Festival]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-05 |title=Crowds flock to celebrate the century-old Bun Festival in Hong Kong |url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/crowds-flock-to-celebrate-the-century-old-bun-festival-in-hong-kong/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251013150536/https://www.pressdemocrat.com/2025/05/05/crowds-flock-to-celebrate-the-century-old-bun-festival-in-hong-kong/ |archive-date=2025-10-13 |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=The Press Democrat |language=en-US}}</ref> [[the Birthday of Che Kung]], and [[Hong Kong Well-wishing Festival]].
{{Gallery
|title=Hong Kong local celebrations
|width=240
|align=center
|File:CheungChaubun mountain.jpg|The [[Cheung Chau Bun Festival]]
|File:Hong Kong Che Kung Temple.jpg|At the Birthday of Che Kung, [[Che Kung Miu|Che Kung Temple]] in [[Sha Tin]] will become crowded.
|File:HK LamTsuenWishingtree 2010.JPG|Hong Kong Well-wishing Festival involves locals throwing their wishes onto a wishing tree.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hong-kong-traveller.com/well-wishing-festival.html#.WUn7_-uGPDc |title=Hong Kong Well Wishing Festival |access-date=2 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625183353/http://www.hong-kong-traveller.com/well-wishing-festival.html#.WUn7_-uGPDc |archive-date=25 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}

==Religions and beliefs==
{{main|Religion in Hong Kong}}
[[File:DaJiuFestival.jpg|thumb|People honouring gods in a ''[[dajiao]]'' celebration, the Cheung Chau Bun Festival]]

Religion in Hong Kong is varied, although most Hong Kongers are of [[Cantonese people|Cantonese / Guangdong]] descent and thus practice the Cantonese branch of [[Chinese folk religion]],<ref name="Chan">{{Cite web |last=Chan |first=Shun-Hing |date=January 2001 |title=Rethinking Folk Religion in Hong Kong: Social Capital, Civic Community and the State |url=http://pnclink.org/annual/annual2001/hk%20pdf/shun-hing%20chan.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602194900/http://pnclink.org/annual/annual2001/hk%20pdf/shun-hing%20chan.pdf |archive-date=2014-06-02}}</ref> which also has elements of [[Confucianism|Confucian]] doctrines, [[Mahayana Buddhism]] and [[Taoism|Taoist]] ritual traditions. In their Taoist traditions, Hong Kongers also show Cantonese characteristics. They, like the Cantonese people in the mainland, traditionally worship [[Wong Tai Sin]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wong Tai Sin Temple |url=http://www.discoverhongkong.com/nz/see-do/culture-heritage/chinese-temples/wong-tai-sin-temple.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607103303/http://www.discoverhongkong.com/nz/see-do/culture-heritage/chinese-temples/wong-tai-sin-temple.jsp |archive-date=7 June 2017 |access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref> and several other Taoist sea deities, such as [[Hung Shing]] and [[Mazu (Goddess)|Mazu]].

According to official statistics for the year 2010, about 50% of the utter population belongs to organised religions, specifically there are: 1.5 million Hong Kong Buddhists, 1 million Taoists, 480,000 [[Protestants]], 353,000 [[Catholic Church|Catholics]], 220,000 [[Muslims]], 40,000 [[Hinduism|Hindus]], 10,000 [[Sikhism|Sikhs]], and other smaller communities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Hong Kong 2010 Yearbook - CH 18 - Religion and Custom |url=http://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2010/en/pdf/E18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113111558/https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2010/en/pdf/E18.pdf |archive-date=2012-11-13 |website=yearbook.gov.hk}}</ref> A significant amount of the adherents of non-indigenous Chinese religions, in some cases the majority, are Hong Kong citizens of non-Han descent.

The other half of the population mostly takes part in other [[Chinese folk religion]]s, which comprehend the worship of local gods and ancestors, in many cases not declaring this practice as a religious affiliation in surveys. The traditional Cantonese religiosity, including Mahayana Buddhism, was generally discouraged during the [[British Hong Kong|British rule over Hong Kong]], which favoured Christianity.<ref name="Chan"/> With the end of British rule and the handover of the sovereignty of the city-state to China, there has been a revival of Buddhism and Chinese folk religions.<ref name="Chan"/>

===Hong Kong death traditions===
The art of "asking the dead" (Jyutping: {{transliteration|yue|jyutping|Man<sup>6</sup> mai<sup>5</sup>}}; Traditional Chinese: 問米) has long been a tradition in Hong Kong. It is often common for living people to want to ask dead people about their lives in the underworld. In these rituals, people bring paper-made garments, paper-made money, and paper-made food to burn them, traditionally believing that this could pass the objects to dead people and give the latter a more comfortable afterlife.<ref>{{Cite web |title=問米經歷, 我不想相信, 但如何解釋? |url=http://www.hongkongerinusa.com/psychic-experience-that-left-me-speechless/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821130011/http://www.hongkongerinusa.com/psychic-experience-that-left-me-speechless/ |archive-date=21 August 2017 |access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref>

This tradition originated from the Warring States period in China, at about 476 BCE. This is a common ancient practice in certain parts of Southern China and Hong Kong. However, the number of shops supporting this has been on the decline as people increasingly view this as superstition nowadays.

==Leisure==
{{See also|Leisure and Cultural Services Department}}
Hong Kongers devote much time to leisure. [[Mahjong]] is a popular social activity that most locals have played at some point in their lives. The game is a popular sight at family gatherings and is also played in mahjong parlours.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberliza |date=2021-05-16 |title=Mahjong Mania: How mahjong conquered Hong Kong and then the world... |url=https://igafencu.com/articles/mahjong-mania |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518191928/https://igafencu.com/articles/mahjong-mania |archive-date=2025-05-18 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=Gafencu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Springer |first=Kate |date=2017-04-10 |title=Hong Kong mahjong: How the game is changing |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hong-kong-mahjong-carver |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251015141045/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hong-kong-mahjong-carver |archive-date=2025-10-15 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> The sight of elderly men playing [[Chinese chess]] in public parks, surrounded by watching crowds, is also common.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ohtsuka |first1=Keis |last2=Chan |first2=Chi Chuen |date=2014-07-12 |title=Senior gambling in Hong Kong: through the lenses of Chinese senior gamblers – an exploratory study |journal=Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=4 |doi=10.1186/s40405-014-0004-y |doi-access=free |issn=2195-3007 }}</ref> Other board games, such as [[Chinese checkers]] are enjoyed by people of all ages.

Among teenagers, shopping, eating out, [[karaoke]], and video games are popular. Japan is a major source of digital entertainment for cultural and proximity reasons. There are also popular local inventions such as the video game [[Little Fighter Online]]. In the mid 20th century, Hong Kong had some of the most up-to-date [[Arcade cabinet|arcade]] games available outside Japan. Negative associations were drawn between [[Triad society|triads]] and [[Video arcade|video game arcades]]. Today, soaring popularity of home video game consoles has somewhat diminished the arcade culture.

===Shopping===
{{Main|Shopping in Hong Kong}}
[[File:HK Kln Bay Telford Garden U2 Clothing.JPG|thumb|right|Westernised stores such as [[U2 Clothing|U2]] are numerous.]]

Hong Kong, nicknamed "shopping paradise", is well known for its shopping district with multiple department stores. Many imported goods transported to Hong Kong have lower tax duties than the international standard, making most items affordable for the general public.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://bbs.16fan.com/thread-1212-1-1.html | title=2017 香港购物攻略（海港城、DFS、时代广场、铜锣湾Sogo） - 战斗的狼 - 十六番 | access-date=29 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914225335/http://bbs.16fan.com/thread-1212-1-1.html | archive-date=14 September 2012 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Hong Kong is identified by its [[Economic materialism|materialistic]] culture and high levels of [[consumerism]]. Shops from the lowest end to the most upscale pack the streets in close proximity. Some popular shopping destinations include [[Mongkok]], [[Tsim Sha Tsui]], and [[Causeway Bay]].

[[File:MahjongSet2.jpg|thumb|right|Mahjong table setup]]

===Gambling===
{{main|Gambling in Hong Kong}}
Gambling is popular in [[Lingnan culture|Cantonese culture]] and Hong Kong is no different. Movies such as the 1980s ''[[God of Gamblers]]'' have given a rather glamorous image to gambling in Hong Kong. However, gambling is legal only at three established and licensed institutions approved and supervised by the government of Hong Kong: [[horse racing]] (in Happy Valley and Sha Tin), the [[Mark Six]] lottery, and recently, football (soccer) [[sports betting|betting]].

Games such as mahjong and many types of [[card games]] can be played for pleasure or with money at stake, with many mahjong parlours available. However, mahjong parlours are slowly diminishing as licences are no longer obtainable and, as a result, many old mahjong parlours have been forced to close.

====Gambling organisations====
The [[Hong Kong Jockey Club]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://corporate.hkjc.com/corporate/english/history-and-reports/index.aspx |title=Hong Kong Jockey Club History & Reports |access-date=21 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125506/http://corporate.hkjc.com/corporate/english/history-and-reports/index.aspx |archive-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> provides the only legal avenue for horse racing and gambling to locals, mostly middle-aged males. The club was established in 1844 by the [[Colonial Hong Kong|British colonial government]], with the first racecourse being built in [[Happy Valley, Hong Kong|Happy Valley]]. The club closed for a few years during [[World War II]] due to the [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong]]. In 1975, lottery Mark Six was introduced.  And in 2002, the Club offered wagerings for football world championship games including the [[Premier League|English FA Premier League]] and the [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]].

==Martial arts==
{{Main|Lingnan culture#Martial arts}}
{{See also|Chinese martial arts|List of Chinese martial arts}}
Martial arts in Hong Kong is accepted as a form of entertainment or exercise. [[Tai chi]] is one of the most popular, especially among the [[elderly]]. Groups of people can be seen practicing tai chi in parks early in the morning. Many forms of martial arts are also passed down from different generations of Cantonese ancestry. The atmosphere is also distinct as people practice outdoor in [[List of mountains, peaks and hills in Hong Kong|peaks]] next to  modern high rise buildings. [[Bruce Lee]], a famous [[Martial arts|martial artist]] and [[actor]], was born and raised in Hong Kong, later developing his own hybrid martial art, ''[[Jeet Kune Do]],'' based on [[Taekwondo]], [[Wing Chun]] and [[boxing]].

==Sports==
{{Main|Sport in Hong Kong}}
Despite limited land area, Hong Kong offers many recreational and competitive sports. Locally, sports in Hong Kong is described as "Club Life". Major multipurpose venues like [[Hong Kong Coliseum]] and civic facilities like [[Macpherson Stadium, Hong Kong|Macpherson Stadium]] are available across the city. Internationally, Hong Kong has participated in various [[Olympic Games]], and numerous other [[Asian Games]] events. The newly-built [[Kai Tak Sports Park]] is the largest stadium in Hong Kong, boasting a maximum capacity of 50,000 people. 

==Video games==
[[Arcade games]] first appeared in Hong Kong in the late 1970s. Most games during the [[golden age of arcade video games]] were designed by Japanese companies such as [[Namco]] and [[Taito]] but licensed by American game developers such as [[Midway Games]] and [[Atari]]. The first game to center the Hong Kong market was ''[[Pong]]'' but the most popular were Namco's ''[[Pac-Man]]'', Taito's ''[[Space Invaders]]'' and [[Nintendo]]'s ''[[Mario Bros.]]'' (released in 1978, 1980 and 1983 respectively). The games were so popular Pac-Man was featured in the 1983 animated film version of the [[manhua]] ''[[Old Master Q|Old Master Q, San-T]]'' In 1987 [[Capcom]]'s ''[[Street Fighter]]'' enjoyed unprecedented success and unlicensed film adaptations and comics flooded the market, including one by [[Xu Jingcheng]] incorporating elements of [[Chinese martial arts]]. Similarly [[SNK]]'s ''[[The King of Fighters]]'' released in 1994 influenced youth fashion for years and at least 30 local "kung fu comics" were based on the game.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wolf |first1=Mark J. |title=Video Games Around the World |publisher=The MIT Press |page=208}}</ref> While not produced in Hong Kong, [[United Front Games]]' ''[[Sleeping Dogs (video game)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' released in 2012 is set in Hong Kong, and contains elements of [[Chinese martial arts]] and [[parkour]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moriarty |first=Colin |date=2014-10-08 |title=Sleeping Dogs: Definitive Edition Review |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/10/08/sleeping-dogs-definitive-edition-review |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref>

==Images from Hong Kong==
<gallery widths="230">
File:Regional Emblem of Hong Kong.svg|The [[emblem of Hong Kong]] has a Hong Kong orchid design.
File:HK 1985.jpg|Hong Kong in 1985
File:HK AM Central Star Ferry Golden Star Far East Finance Centre.JPG| The [[Star Ferry]] is an icon of Hong Kong, being one of the oldest public transport systems in the city. It was the only way to cross the harbor before [[Cross-Harbour Tunnel|tunnels]] were built, and is still popular today, providing a scenic view of [[Victoria Harbour|Victoria Harbor]].
File:Hong Kong Pawn Shop Logo.jpg|[[Pawnbroker]]s are still common in Hong Kong.
File:HK Wan Chai Empire Hotel Hong Kong Buffet 2a.jpg|Hong Kong is known as the "gourmet paradise", with cuisines from many parts of the world.
File:HKStyleFrenchtoast.jpg|Hong Kong-style [[French toast]]
File:Japanese Cuisine in Hong Kong.jpg|[[Japanese cuisine]] is popular in Hong Kong.
File:HK Citywalk Ground Floor Corridor 200807.jpg|Hong Kong has also been dubbed the "shopping paradise" by many, with various malls across the city.
File:Sightseeing Sampan.jpg|[[Sampan]]s used to be living spaces of fishermen. Nowadays, they are mostly used for carrying tourists.
File:Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong).jpg|[[Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong)|Bank of China Tower]] in [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]]
File:Hong kong tram.jpg|Hong Kong Tramways is common in [[Hong Kong Island]]
File:HK Shuttle Bus Salisbury Road 香港太空館 Hong Kong Space Museum 1.JPG|[[Hong Kong Space Museum]] in [[Tsim Sha Tsui]]
File:HongKongHeritageMuseum2.jpg|[[Hong Kong Heritage Museum]] in [[Sha Tin]]
File:Lunar New Year Fair 2012, Victoria Park (Hong Kong).jpg|Lunar New Year flower fair at [[Victoria Park, Hong Kong|Victoria Park]] in 2012
File:Mid-Autumn Lantern Carnival 2012, Victoria Park (Hong Kong).jpg|Mid-Autumn Festival carnival at Victoria Park in 2012 
File:Hong Kong Victoria Harbor night.jpg|[[Victoria Harbour]] at night
File:HK Yaumatei 碧街 Pitt Street night Walkway 大排檔 restaurant.jpg|A [[dai pai dong]] in [[Pitt Street, Hong Kong]]
File:粉嶺圍村公所 2017.jpg|A walled village in [[Fanling]] (2017)
File:HK Mei Lam Estate Plase2.jpg|Typical [[public housing]] in Hong Kong
File:Ocean Park 2, Hong Kong, Mar 06.JPG|Entrance of [[Hong Kong Ocean Park]] (2006)
File:The University of Hong Kong in 1912.jpg|[[University of Hong Kong]] (1912)
</gallery>

==See also==
[[File:GoldenBauhiniaSquare.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Golden Bauhinia Square]] on Christmas night; the square has a giant golden statue of the Hong Kong orchid.]]
[[File:Lionrock.jpg|thumb|230px|Lion Rock is a symbol of Hong Kong. There is a term, {{lang|zh-Hant-HK|獅子山下}} (Beneath Lion Rock), which refers to the [[collective memory]] of 20th century Hong Kong. ]]
{{Portal|Hong Kong}}

*[[Hong Kong studies]]
*[[Street performance in Hong Kong]]

===Symbols of Hong Kong===
*[[Hong Kong orchid]]
*[[Lion Rock]]

===Other Hong Kong cultures===
*[[Lion Rock Spirit]] (aka "Hong Kong's core values"; {{zh|t=香港核心價值|labels=no}})
*[[Walled villages of Hong Kong]]
*[[Cantonese wedding]]
*[[Chinese pre-wedding customs#Cantonese traditions|Cantonese pre-wedding customs]]
*[[Villain hitting]]
*[[Bone collecting]]
*[[Hong Kong Kids phenomenon]]
*[[Ngai jong]]
*[[Pawnbrokers in Hong Kong]]

===Hong Kong cultural policy===
*[[Hong Kong cultural policy]]
*[[Leisure and Cultural Services Department]]
*[[Museums in Hong Kong]]

===Related cultures===
*[[Cantonese culture]]
*[[British culture]]
*[[Chinese culture]]:
**[[Chinese mythology]]
**[[Mahjong culture]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Chan, Ka-yan and Jennifer Kwok. "[http://www.com.cuhk.edu.hk/varsity/1011/culture.pdf Endangered Hong Kong Cultures and Dialects]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053145/http://www.com.cuhk.edu.hk/varsity/1011/culture.pdf Archive]). ''Varsity''. School of Journalism and Communication at the [[Chinese University of Hong Kong]], November 2010. Issue 117. p.&nbsp;40-43.
*Cheung, Kwok-hung Stephen ({{lang|zh-Hant-HK|張國雄}}). "[http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/39937/15/FullText.pdf?accept=1 Traditional folksongs in an urban setting: a study of Hakka Shange in Tai Po, Hong Kong]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140817101201/http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/39937/15/FullText.pdf?accept=1 Archive]). [[University of Hong Kong]], 2004. - [http://hdl.handle.net/10722/39937 Information]<!--Permalink at https://hub.hku.hk/R44qNl1U9S/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJuYW1lIjoiNTg5Y2VhOTAxNzFjZjFhZWM3Nzg3OGMyZmUwNyIsImVtYWlsIjoiNzg5Y2VhOTAxNzEyZDFhZWM3Nzg3OGMyZmUwNzRlMDMyODE0YmJmYTU3MmM1OGJiIiwiaGFuZGxlIjoiMTA3MjIvMzk5MzciLCJzZXEiOiIxNSIsImlhdCI6MTUzMDU0MTMwMSwiZXhwIjoxNTMwNjI3NzAxfQ.n9zx9FWz-FZX6clqXAvSvboZbMEU9YltsQytvn8uqW0/FullText.pdf-->
* [https://digital.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/film-tv/ Hong Kong's TV and Film Publication Database], a growing collection of full-text publications (currently 1,850+) published between 1946 and 1997. Developed by HKBU Library
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{{Culture of Asia}}

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[[Category:Culture of Hong Kong| ]]