View source for Cunoniaceae

{{Short description|Family of woody plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Santonian|Recent|earliest=Cenomanian|ref=<ref name=APWeb/>|PS=<small>(Possible Cenomanian representative)</small>}}
| image = Eucryphia.jpg
| image_caption = ''Eucryphia'' in flower
| taxon = Cunoniaceae
| authority = [[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|R.Br.]]<ref name=APGIII2009/>
| synonyms = * Baueraceae
* Davidsoniaceae
* Eucryphiaceae
|synonyms_ref = {{R|PLANTNET}}
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = 27 – see text {{R|POWO}}
}}

'''Cunoniaceae''' is a family of 27 [[Genus|genera]] and about 335 [[species]]<ref name="Bradford 2004"/> of [[woody plant]]s in the order [[Oxalidales]], mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of genera are in [[Australia]] and [[Tasmania]] (15 genera), [[New Guinea]] (9 genera), and [[New Caledonia]] (7 genera). The family is also present in  [[Central America]], [[South America]], the Caribbean, Malesia, the islands of the South Pacific, [[Madagascar]] and surrounding islands. The family is absent from mainland Asia except from Peninsular Malaysia, and almost absent from mainland Africa apart from two species from Southern Africa (''[[Cunonia capensis]]'' and ''[[Platylophus trifoliatus]]''). Several of the genera have remarkable disjunct ranges, found on more than one continent, e.g. ''[[Cunonia]]'' (Southern Africa and New Caledonia), ''[[Eucryphia]]'' (Australia and South America) ''[[Weinmannia]]'' (The Americas and the Mascarenes).

The family includes [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s; most are [[evergreen]] but a few are [[deciduous]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite or whorled (alternate in ''[[Davidsonia]]''), and simple or compound (pinnate or palmate), with entire or toothed margin, and often with conspicuous [[stipule]]s (interpetiolar or intrapetiolar). The [[flower]]s have four or five (rarely three or up to ten) [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s. The [[fruit]] is usually a woody capsule or a follicle containing several small [[seed]]s.

The family has a rich fossil record in Australia<ref name="Barnes 2001"/> and fossil representatives are known from the Northern Hemisphere. ''[[Platydiscus|Platydiscus peltatus]]'' was found in [[Upper Cretaceous]] rocks from Sweden and is likely a member of the Cunoniaceae.<ref name="Schönenberger 2001"/> An earlier possible fossil member is from the [[Cenomanian]]. ''[[Tropidogyne]]'', found in [[Burmese amber]], has flowers that strongly resemble the extant ''[[Ceratopetalum]]''.<ref name="Chambers 2010"/>

==Taxonomy==
The genera of the family have been divided into tribes.<ref name="Bradford 2001"/><ref name="Bradford 2004"/>
<div float="left">
{{col-begin|width=70%}}
{{col-1-of-2}}

'''Tribe Spiraeanthemeae'''
* ''[[Spiraeanthemum]]'' {{Au|A. Gray}}

'''Tribe Schizomerieae'''
* ''[[Anodopetalum]]'' {{Au|A. Cunn. ex Endl.}}
* ''[[Ceratopetalum]]'' {{Au|Sm.}}
* ''[[Schizomeria]]'' {{Au|D. Don}}
* ''[[Platylophus (plant)|Platylophus]]'' {{Au|D. Don}}

'''Tribe Geissoieae'''
* ''[[Geissois]]'' {{Au|Labill.}}
* ''[[Karrabina]]'' {{Au|Rozefelds & H.C. Hopkins}}
* ''[[Lamanonia]]'' {{Au|Vell.}}
* ''[[Pseudoweinmannia]]'' {{Au|Engl.}}

'''Tribe Caldcluvieae'''
* ''[[Ackama]]'' {{Au|A. Cunn.}}
* ''[[Caldcluvia]]'' {{Au|D. Don}}
* ''[[Opocunonia]]'' {{Au|Schltr.}}

'''Tribe Codieae'''
* ''[[Callicoma]]'' {{Au|Andrews}}
* ''[[Codia]]'' {{Au|J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.}}
* ''[[Pullea (plant)|Pullea]]'' {{Au|Schltr.}}

'''Tribe Cunonieae'''
* ''[[Cunonia]]'' {{Au|L.}}
* ''[[Pancheria]]'' {{Au|Brongn. & Gris}}
* ''[[Pterophylla (plant)|Pterophylla]]'' {{Au|D. Don}}
* ''[[Vesselowskya]]'' {{Au|Pamp.}}
* ''[[Weinmannia]]'' {{Au|L.}}

{{col-2-of-2}}
'''Unplaced to tribe'''
* ''[[Acrophyllum (plant)|Acrophyllum]]'' {{Au|Benth.}}
* ''[[Aistopetalum]]'' {{Au|Schltr.}}
* ''[[Bauera]]'' {{Au|Banks ex Andrews}}
* ''[[Davidsonia]]'' {{Au|E. Muell.}}
* ''[[Eucryphia]]'' {{Au|Cav.}}
* ''[[Hooglandia]]'' {{Au|McPherson & Lowry}}
* ''[[Gillbeea]]'' {{Au|F. Muell.}}
{{col-end}}
</div>

==References==
{{Commons category|Cunoniaceae}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist|28em|refs=

<ref name=APGIII2009>
{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}
</ref>

<ref name=APWeb>
{{cite web|url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/oxalidalesweb.htm#Cunoniaceae |title=Cunoniaceae |publisher=APWeb |author=Peter F. Stevens|author-link=Peter F. Stevens }}
</ref>

<ref name="Barnes 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Barnes |first1=Richard W. |last2=Hill |first2=Robert S. |last3=Bradford |first3=Jason C. |title=The history of Cunoniaceae in Australia from macrofossil evidence |journal=Australian Journal of Botany |date=2001 |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=301–320 |doi=10.1071/BT00036|bibcode=2001AuJB...49..301B }}</ref>

<ref name="Bradford 2004">{{cite book |last1=Bradford |first1=J.C. |last2=Hopkins |first2=H.CF. |last3=Barnes |first3=R.W |editor1-last=Kubitzki |editor1-first=Klaus |title=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Volume VI, Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales |date=2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |location=Heidelberg |pages=91–111 |isbn=978-3662072578}}</ref>

<ref name="Bradford 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Bradford |first1=Jason C. |last2=Barnes |first2=Richard W. |title=Phylogenetics and classification of Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales) using chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology |journal=Systematic Botany |date=2001 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=354–385 |doi=10.1043/0363-6445-26.2.354 |publisher=American Society of Plant Taxonomists|doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |jstor=2666712 |s2cid=86030653 |url=https://bioone.org/journals/systematic-botany/volume-26/issue-2/0363-6445-26.2.354/Phylogenetics-and-Classification-of-Cunoniaceae-Oxalidales-Using-Chloroplast-DNA-Sequences/10.1043/0363-6445-26.2.354.short |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Chambers 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Chambers |first1=Kenton L. |last2=Poinar |first2=George |last3=Buckley |first3=Ron |title=''Tropidogyne'', a new genus of early Cretaceous Eudicots (Angiospermae) from Burmese amber |journal=Novon |date=2010 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=23–29 |doi=10.3417/2008039|bibcode=2010Novon..20...23C |s2cid=86227328 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/121972 }}</ref>

<ref name="Schönenberger 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Schönenberger |first1=Jurg |last2=Friis |first2=Else Marie |last3=Matthews |first3=Merran L. |last4=Endress |first4=Peter K. |title=Cunoniaceae in the Cretaceous of Europe: evidence from fossil flowers |journal=Annals of Botany |date=2001 |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=423–437 |doi=10.1006/anbo.2001.1488|bibcode=2001AnBot..88..423S }}</ref>

<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126639-1 |title=''Cunoniaceae'' R.Br. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |year=2025 |access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>

<ref name="PLANTNET">{{cite web |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Cunoniaceae |title=Family Cunoniaceae |author1=G.J. Harden |year=1990 |website=PlantNET (The NSW Plant Information Network System) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney |access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>
}}

{{Angiosperm families}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q131764}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cunoniaceae| ]]
[[Category:Rosid families]]
[[Category:Santonian first appearances]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)]]
[[Category:Extant Santonian first appearances]]