View source for Cyrus Vance

{{short description|American lawyer and government official (1917–2002)}}
{{about|the former U.S. secretary of the army and secretary of state|his son, the New York County district attorney|Cyrus Vance Jr.}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Cyrus Vance
| image               = Cyrus Vance, Secretary of State (University of Georgia, College of Agriculture).jpg
| caption             = Vance in 1977
| order               = 57th
| office              = United States Secretary of State
| president           = [[Jimmy Carter]]
| deputy              = [[Warren Christopher]]
| term_start          = January 20, 1977
| term_end            = April 28, 1980
| predecessor         = [[Henry Kissinger]]
| successor           = [[Edmund Muskie]]
| office1             = 11th [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense]]
| president1          = [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
| term_start1         = January 28, 1964
| term_end1           = June 30, 1967
| predecessor1        = [[Roswell Gilpatric]]
| successor1          = [[Paul Nitze]]
| office2             = 7th [[United States Secretary of the Army]]
| president2          = [[John F. Kennedy]]<br>Lyndon B. Johnson
| term_start2         = July 5, 1962
| term_end2           = January 21, 1964
| predecessor2        = [[Elvis Jacob Stahr Jr.]]
| successor2          = [[Stephen Ailes]]
| office3             = [[General Counsel of the Department of Defense]]
| president3          = John F. Kennedy
| term_start3         = January 29, 1961
| term_end3           = June 30, 1962
| predecessor3        = Vincent Burke
| successor3          = [[John McNaughton (government official)|John McNaughton]]
| birth_name          = Cyrus Roberts Vance
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1917|3|27}}
| birth_place         = [[Clarksburg, West Virginia]], U.S.
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2002|1|12|1917|3|27}}
| death_place         = [[New York City]], U.S.
| restingplace        = [[Arlington National Cemetery]]
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|Gay Sloane|February 15, 1947<!--|January 12, 2002|end=his death-->}}
| children            = 5, including [[Cyrus Vance Jr.|Cyrus Jr.]]
| relatives           = [[John W. Davis]] (adoptive father)
| education           = [[Yale University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
| signature           = Cyrus Vance Signature.svg
| signature_alt       = Cursive signature in ink
| allegiance          = United States 
| branch              = [[United States Navy]]
| rank                = [[Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant]]
| serviceyears        = 1942–1946
| unit                = [[USS Hale (DD-642)|USS ''Hale'' (DD-642)]]
| battles             = [[World War II]]
}}

'''Cyrus Roberts Vance''' (March 27, 1917{{spaced ndash}}January 12, 2002) was an American lawyer and diplomat who served as the 57th [[United States Secretary of State]] under President [[Jimmy Carter]] from 1977 to 1980.<ref name=obit/> Prior to serving in that position, he was the [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense]] in the [[Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson administration]]. During the [[Presidency of John F. Kennedy|Kennedy administration]] he was [[Secretary of the Army]] and [[General Counsel of the Department of Defense]].<ref name="bell199">{{cite book |last=Bell |first=William Gardner |year=1992 |title=Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army: Portraits and Biographical Sketches |chapter=Cyrus Roberts Vance |chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/sw-sa/Vance.htm |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |access-date=September 22, 2007 |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/sw-sa/SWSA-Fm.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214152450/http://www.history.army.mil/books/Sw-SA/SWSA-Fm.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2007}}</ref>

As Secretary of State, Vance approached foreign policy with an emphasis on negotiation over conflict and a special interest in [[arms reduction]]. In April 1980, he resigned in protest of [[Operation Eagle Claw]], the secret mission to rescue [[Iran hostage crisis|American hostages in Iran]]. He was succeeded by [[Edmund Muskie]].

Vance was the cousin (and adoptive son) of [[1924 United States presidential election|1924 Democratic presidential nominee]] and lawyer [[John W. Davis]]. He was the father of [[New York County District Attorney|Manhattan District Attorney]] [[Cyrus Vance Jr.]]

==Early life and family==
Cyrus Vance was born on March 27, 1917, in [[Clarksburg, West Virginia]].<ref name = "WVDCH1">{{cite web |url=http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_bcdetail.aspx?Id=199260 |title=Birth Record Detail: Cyrus Roberts Vance |work=West Virginia Vital Research Records |publisher=West Virginia Division of Culture and History |access-date=August 10, 2015}}</ref> He was the son of John Carl Vance II and his wife, Amy (Roberts) Vance, and had an elder brother, John Carl Vance III.<ref name = "WVDCH1"/><ref name = "WVDCH2">{{cite web |url=http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_bcdetail.aspx?Id=97166 |title=Birth Record Detail: John Carl III Vance |work=West Virginia Vital Research Records |publisher=West Virginia Division of Culture and History |access-date=August 10, 2015}}</ref> Following Vance's birth, his family relocated to [[Bronxville, New York]], so that his father could commute to [[New York City]], where he was an insurance broker.<ref name = "Mihalkanin1">{{Harvnb|Mihalkanin|2004|p=512.}}</ref> Vance's father was also a landowner and worked for a government agency during [[World War I]]. He died unexpectedly of [[pneumonia]] in 1922.<ref name="bell1992">{{cite book |last=Bell |first=William Gardner |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/sw-sa/SWSA-Fm.htm |title=Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army: Portraits and Biographical Sketches |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |year=1992 |chapter="Cyrus Roberts Vance" |access-date=September 22, 2007 |chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/sw-sa/Vance.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214152450/http://www.history.army.mil/books/Sw-SA/SWSA-Fm.htm |archive-date=December 14, 2007 |url-status=dead}}<!-- both the links are dead --></ref>

Vance's mother was Amy Roberts Vance, who had a prominent family history in [[Philadelphia]] and was active in civic affairs.<ref name="bell1992"/> Following her husband's death, she moved her family to Switzerland for a year, where Vance and his brother learned French at L'Institut Sillig in [[Vevey]].<ref name = "Mihalkanin1"/>  Vance's much older cousin (referred to as an "uncle" within the family) [[John W. Davis]], an [[United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom|Ambassador to the United Kingdom]] and [[1924 United States presidential election|1924 United States presidential candidate]], became his mentor and adopted him.<ref name = "Harbaugh1">{{Harvnb|Harbaugh|1973|pp=389–390.}}</ref>

Vance graduated from [[Kent School]] in 1935 and earned a [[bachelor's degree]] in 1939 from [[Yale College]], where he was a member of the secret [[Scroll and Key]] society and earned three [[varsity letter]]s in [[ice hockey]]. He graduated from [[Yale Law School]] in 1942.<ref name="bell1992"/> While there, his classmates included [[Sargent Shriver]], [[William Scranton]], [[Stanley Rogers Resor]], and [[William Bundy]], with all of whom he would later work.<ref name=obit/>

During [[World War II]], Vance served in the [[United States Navy]] as a gunnery officer on the [[destroyer]] [[USS Hale (DD-642)|USS ''Hale'' (DD-642)]] until 1946. He saw sea action in the [[Battle of Tarawa]], the [[Battle of Saipan]], the [[Battle of Guam (1944)]], the [[Bougainville Campaign]], and the [[Philippines Campaign (1944–1945)]]. After the war, he worked for the [[Mead Corporation]] for a year before joining the law firm [[Simpson Thacher & Bartlett]] in New York City.<ref name=obit/>

At the age of 29, Vance married Grace Elsie "Gay" Sloane on February 15, 1947. She was a [[Bryn Mawr College]] graduate and was the daughter of the board chairman of the [[W. & J. Sloane]] furniture company in [[New York City]]. They had five children:
* Elsie Nicoll Vance
* Amy Sloane Vance
* Grace Roberts Vance
* Camilla Vance Holmes
* [[Cyrus R. Vance Jr.]]

==Political career==
In 1957, Senator [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] asked Vance to leave Wall Street to work for the [[United States Senate Committee on Armed Services]], where he helped draft the [[National Aeronautics and Space Act]], leading to the [[creation of NASA]].<ref name=obit/>

In 1961, Defense Secretary [[Robert McNamara]] recruited Vance to become [[General Counsel of the Department of Defense]].<ref name=obit/> He was then made the [[United States Secretary of the Army|Secretary of the Army]] by President [[John F. Kennedy]]. He was Secretary when Army units were sent to northern [[Mississippi]] in 1962 to [[Ole Miss riot of 1962|protect James Meredith]] and ensure that the [[Court order|court-ordered]] [[Racial integration|integration]] of the [[University of Mississippi]] took place.<ref name="bell1992"/>

In 1964, Vance became the [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense]] and now-President Johnson sent him to the [[Panama Canal Zone]] after [[Martyrs' Day (Panama)|student riots]]. After the [[1967 Detroit riot]], Johnson sent him to Michigan. Vance next attempted to delay the [[Cyprus dispute]] as the President's personal envoy, brokering the Greek-Turkish agreement of Dec. 1, 1967.<ref>[https://repository.library.cofc.edu/items/e7764f47-c5e2-41ea-8ee9-1a65b1d66b90 Cyrus in Cyprus: Cyrus Vance and crisis management in the Cyprus crisis of 1967]</ref> In 1968, Johnson sent him to [[South Korea]] to deal with the {{USS|Pueblo|AGER-2|6}} hostage situation.<ref name=obit/>

Vance first [[Joint warfare in South Vietnam 1963–1969|supported the Vietnam War]] but by the late 1960s changed his views and resigned from office, advising the president to withdraw US troops from [[South Vietnam]]. Vance served as a deputy to [[W. Averell Harriman]] during the [[Paris Peace Accords]], which were a failure due to the duplicity of the South Vietnamese. Vance called the failed peace talks "one of the great tragedies in history".<ref name=obit/> He received the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in January 1969.<ref name="bell1992"/>

In May 1970, Vance was appointed to serve as a commissioner in a landmark panel known as the [[Knapp Commission]], which was formed and assigned by New York City Mayor [[John V. Lindsay]] to investigate systemic corruption in the [[New York Police Department]]. The Knapp Commission held televised hearings into police corruption and issued a final report of its findings in 1972. The work of the Knapp Commission led to the prosecution of police officers on charges of corruption and culminated in significant, if short-lived, reforms and oversight of the police department, including the appointment of a temporary special prosecutor to investigate and prosecute corruption committed by NYPD officers, district attorneys, and judges.

From 1974 to 1976, Vance served as president of the [[New York City Bar Association]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.nycbar.org/vancecenter/index.php/who-we-are/cyrus-r-vance |title=The Legacy of Cyrus R. Vance |publisher=New York City Bar - Vance Center |access-date=20 September 2012}}</ref> Vance returned to his law practice at [[Simpson Thacher & Bartlett]] in 1980, but was repeatedly called back to public service throughout the 1980s and 1990s, participating in diplomatic missions to [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]], [[Croatia]], and [[South Africa]]. Vance helped negotiate the dispute over the [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] region.<ref name=obit/>

===Secretary of State===
{{main|Foreign policy of the Jimmy Carter administration}}
[[File:Vance Carter 1977.gif|left|thumb|250px|Vance talks with [[President of the United States|President]] [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] on the [[White House]] lawn, March 1977]]
[[File:The Shah with Atherton, Sullivan, Vance, Carter and Brzezinski, 1977.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The [[Pahlavi dynasty|Shah of Iran]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] meeting with [[Alfred Leroy Atherton]], [[William H. Sullivan]], Vance, President [[Jimmy Carter]], and [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]] in 1977]]
President [[Jimmy Carter]] initially wanted to nominate [[George Ball (diplomat)|George Ball]] to become  [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]], but, fearing Ball was too liberal to be confirmed, nominated Vance instead.<ref name=NYTmag>{{cite news |last1=Douglas Brinkley |title=THE LIVES THEY LIVED; Out of the Loop |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/29/magazine/the-lives-they-lived-out-of-the-loop.html |access-date=3 May 2017 |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |date=29 December 2002 |author1-link=Douglas Brinkley}}</ref> Vance played an integral role as the administration negotiated the [[Panama Canal Treaties]], along with peace talks in [[Rhodesia]], [[Namibia]] and [[South Africa]].  He worked closely with Israeli Ministers [[Moshe Dayan]] and [[Ezer Weizman]] to secure the [[Camp David Accords]] in 1978. Vance insisted that the President make [[Paul Warnke]] Director of the [[Arms Control and Disarmament Agency]], over strong opposition by Senator [[Henry M. Jackson]].<ref name=obit/>

Vance also pushed for détente with the Soviet Union, and clashed frequently with the more hawkish [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]]. Vance tried to advance arms limitations by working on the [[Strategic Arms Limitation Talks|SALT II]] agreement with the Soviet Union, which he saw as the central diplomatic issue of the time, but Brzezinski lobbied for a tougher more assertive policy vis-a-vis the Soviets. He argued for strong condemnation of Soviet activity in Africa and in the Third World and successfully lobbied for normalized relations with the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1978.

As Brzezinski took control of the negotiations, Vance was marginalized and his influence began to wane. When revolution erupted in Iran in late 1978, the two were divided on how to support the United States' ally the [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah of Iran]]. Vance argued in favor of reforms while Brzezinski urged him to crack down – the 'iron fist' approach. Unable to receive a direct course of action from Carter, the mixed messages that the Shah received from Vance and Brzezinski contributed to his confusion and indecision as he fled Iran in January 1979 and his [[Iranian Revolution|regime collapsed]].

Vance negotiated the [[SALT II]] agreement directly with Soviet Ambassador [[Anatoly Dobrynin]], bypassing American Ambassador [[Malcolm Toon]], who then criticized the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldstein |first1=Richard |title=Malcolm Toon Made Waves as a Diplomat, but His Death Went Largely Unreported |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/world/europe/malcolm-toon-dead-us-ambassador-to-soviet-union.html |access-date=3 May 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 May 2017 |page=B14}}</ref> In June 1979, President Carter and Soviet General Secretary [[Leonid Brezhnev]] signed the treaty in Vienna's [[Hofburg]] Imperial Palace, in front of the international press, but the Senate ultimately did not ratify it. After the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]] on December 27, 1979, Vance's opposition to what he had called "visceral anti-Sovietism" led to a rapid reduction of his stature.<ref name="NYTmag" /> 
[[File:Iran hostage negotiations, State Magazine 2006-04- Iss 500 (IA sim state-magazine 2006-04 500) (page 16 crop).jpg|thumb|Vance working to free hostages in the [[United States Department of State Operations Center|State Department Operations Center]], 1979]]
Vance's attempt to surreptitiously negotiate a solution to the [[Iran hostage crisis]] with Ayatollah [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] through the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] failed badly. Believing that diplomatic initiatives could see the hostages safely returned home, Vance initially fought off attempts by Brzezinski to pursue a military solution. Vance, struggling with [[gout]], went to Florida on April 10, 1980, for a long weekend. On April 11, the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] held a newly scheduled meeting and authorized [[Operation Eagle Claw]], a military expedition into Tehran to rescue the hostages. Deputy Secretary [[Warren Christopher]], who attended the meeting in Vance's place, did not inform him.<ref name=NYTmag/> Furious, on April 21 Vance handed in his resignation,<ref>{{cite book|title=Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President|date=October 1, 1982|first=Jimmy|last=Carter|publisher=Bantam Books|page=513}}</ref> calling Brzezinski "evil".<ref name="NYTmag" /><ref>{{cite book |author=Betty Glad |title=An Outsider in the White House: Jimmy Carter, His Advisors, and the Making of American Foreign Policy |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |url=https://archive.org/details/outsiderinwhiteh00glad |url-access=registration |year=2009 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/outsiderinwhiteh00glad/page/264 264]–68|isbn=9780801448157 }}</ref> The only secretaries of State who had previously resigned in protest were [[Lewis Cass]], who resigned in the buildup to the Civil War, and [[William Jennings Bryan]], who resigned in the buildup to World War I. 

President Carter aborted the operation after only five of the eight helicopters he had sent into the [[Dasht-e Kavir]] desert arrived in operational condition. As U.S. forces prepared to depart from the staging area, a helicopter collided with a transport plane, causing a fire that killed eight servicemen.<ref name="NYTmag" /> Vance's resignation was confirmed several days later, and he was replaced by Senator [[Edmund Muskie]]. A second rescue mission was planned but never carried out, and the diplomatic efforts to negotiate the release of the hostages were handed over to Deputy Secretary Christopher. The hostages were released during the [[first inauguration of Ronald Reagan]], after 444 days in captivity.<ref name="obit" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chriswallisblog.wordpress.com/cyrus-r-vance/|title=Cyrus R. Vance|date=Dec 22, 2016|website=chriswallisblog.wordpress.com|accessdate=Sep 17, 2022}}</ref>

==Later career in law and as special envoy==
In 1991, he was named [[Special Envoy]] of the [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] for Croatia and proposed the [[Vance plan]] for solution of [[Croatian War of Independence|conflict in Croatia]]. Authorities of [[Croatia]] and [[Serbia]] agreed to Vance's plan, but the leaders of [[SAO Krajina]] rejected it, even though it offered Serbs quite a large degree of autonomy by the rest of the world's standards, as it did not include full independence for Krajina. He continued his work as member of [[Z-4 plan|Zagreb 4 group]]. The plan they drafted, named [[Z-4 plan|Z-4]], was effectively superseded when Croatian forces retook the Krajina region ([[Operation Storm]]) in 1995.

In January 1993, as the [[United Nations]] Special Envoy to Bosnia, Vance and Lord [[David Owen]], the [[European Union|EU]] representative, began negotiating a [[Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War#Vance-Owen|peace plan]] for the ending the [[War in Bosnia]]. The plan was rejected, and Vance announced his resignation as Special Envoy to the UN Secretary-General. He was replaced by Norwegian Foreign Minister [[Thorvald Stoltenberg]].

In 1997, he was made the original honorary chair of the [[American Iranian Council]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Khoda Hafez |url=http://www.american-iranian.org/sites/default/files/aicupdates/9._aic_update_issue_no._91_.html |title=A Message from AIC on the Occasion of the New Year |publisher=American Iranian Council |access-date=September 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614005654/http://american-iranian.org/sites/default/files/aicupdates/9._aic_update_issue_no._91_.html |archive-date=June 14, 2011}}</ref>

==Later life==
Vance was a member of both the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] and the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cyrus Roberts Vance |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/cyrus-roberts-vance |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Cyrus+R.+Vance&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>

In 1993, Vance was awarded the [[United States Military Academy]]'s [[Sylvanus Thayer Award]].

In 1995 he again acted as [[Special Envoy]] of the [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] and signed the [[Macedonia naming dispute#Interim accord|interim accord]] as witness in the negotiations between the [[Republic of Macedonia]] and [[Greece]]. Vance was a member of the [[Trilateral Commission]].<ref name=obit/>

Vance also served on the [[board of directors]] of [[IBM]], [[Pan American World Airways]], [[Manufacturers Hanover Trust]], [[U.S. Steel]], and ''[[The New York Times]]'', as a trustee of the [[Yale Corporation]], as chairman of the board of the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], and vice chairman of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref name=obit/>

==Death==
Vance suffered for several years from [[Alzheimer's disease]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jan/14/guardianobituaries.haroldjackson|title=Obituary: Cyrus Vance|date=Jan 14, 2002|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=Sep 17, 2022}}</ref> and died at [[Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan)|Mount Sinai Hospital]] in [[New York City]], on January 12, 2002, aged 84, of [[pneumonia]] and other complications. His funeral was held at the [[Church of the Heavenly Rest]] in Manhattan.<ref name=obit>{{cite news |last1=Marilyn Berger |title=Cyrus R. Vance, a Confidant Of Presidents, Is Dead at 84 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/13/world/cyrus-r-vance-a-confidant-of-presidents-is-dead-at-84.html |access-date=3 May 2017 |work=The New York Times |date=13 January 2002 |page=A1 |author1-link=Marilyn Berger}}</ref> His remains are interred at the [[Arlington National Cemetery]] in [[Arlington County, Virginia]]. His wife Grace died in New York City on March 22, 2008, at the age of 89.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vance, Grace Sloane |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE1DC133AF935A15750C0A96E9C8B63 |date=March 26, 2008 |work=The New York Times |type=Paid Notice: Deaths |access-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref>

==Legacy==
He received the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 1969.

In 1980, Vance received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by [[Jefferson Awards for Public Service|Jefferson Awards]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://jeffersonawards.org/past%20winners|title=Jefferson Awards Foundation Past Winners|work=Jefferson Awards Foundation|access-date=2018-03-15|archive-date=2018-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216062813/http://www.jeffersonawards.org/past%20winners/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He received the [[Four Freedoms Award#Freedom Medal|Freedom Medal]] in 1993.

The house of Vance's mother, which was known as the [[Stealey-Goff-Vance House]], was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1979.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref> It is home to the Harrison County Historical Society.<ref>[http://www.scenicwv.org/History.html Harrison County Historical Society] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703154731/http://www.scenicwv.org/History.html |date=July 3, 2008}}</ref>

In 1999, Vance was presented the Lifetime Contributions to American Diplomacy Award by the [[American Foreign Service Association]].

In the 2012 movie ''[[Argo (2012 film)|Argo]]'', he was portrayed by actor [[Bob Gunton]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==

* {{cite book | last= Harbaugh | first= William Henry | year=1973 | title=Lawyer's Lawyer: The Life of John W. Davis | publisher=Oxford University Press | location = New York City | isbn= 9780195016994 | oclc = 777309 | url=https://archive.org/details/lawyerslawyerlif00harb | url-access= registration }}
* McLellan, David S. ''Cyrus Vance''. Rowman & Littlefield, 1985. Scholarly biography.
* {{cite book | last=Mihalkanin | first=Edward S. | year=2004 | title=American Statesmen: Secretaries of State from John Jay to Colin Powell | publisher= [[Greenwood Publishing Group]] | location = [[Westport, Connecticut]] | isbn= 9780313308284 | oclc = 57534433 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c_ORomNygLcC }}
* Mulcahy, Kevin V. "The secretary of State and the national security adviser: Foreign policymaking in the Carter and Reagan administrations." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 16.2 (1986): 280–299.
* Rosati,  Jerel A. "Continuity and change in the foreign policy beliefs of political leaders: Addressing the controversy over the Carter administration." ''Political Psychology'' (1988): 471–505.
* Sexton, Mary DuBois. [https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553133/sextonMaryDuBois.pdf ''The wages of principle and power: Cyrus R. Vance and the making of foreign policy in the Carter administration''] (Ph.D. thesis, Georgetown University, 2009).
* Smith, Gaddis. ''Morality, Reason, and Power: American Diplomacy in the Carter Years'' (1986). 
* Wallis, Christopher. [http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/37648/1/Wallis%2C%20Christopher%20phd.pdf ''The Thinker, the Doer and the Decider: Zbigniew Brzezinski, Cyrus Vance and the Bureaucratic Wars of the Carter Administration''] (PhD Thesis, Northumbria University 2018).

===Primary sources===
* Talbott, Strobe, ''Endgame: The Inside Story of Salt II'' (New York: Harpercollins, 1979) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.147132 online]
* Vance, Cyrus. ''Hard Choices: Four Critical Years in Managing America's Foreign Policy'' (1983) memoir as Secretary of State. [https://archive.org/details/hardchoicescriti00vanc online]
* "U.S. Foreign Policy: A Discussion with Former Secretaries of State Dean Rusk, William P. Rogers, Cyrus R. Vance, and Alexander M. Haig, Jr." ''International Studies Notes'', Vol. 11, No. 1, ''Special Edition: The Secretaries of State'', Fall 1984. {{JSTOR|44234902}} (pp.&nbsp;10–20)
* Vance, Cyrus R. "The Human Rights Imperative". ''Foreign Policy'' 63 (1986): 3–19. {{JSTOR|1148753}}.

==External links==
{{portal|Biography}}
* [https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/4513 Cyrus R. and Grace Sloane Vance Papers at Yale University]
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.afsa.org/foreign-service-journal-julyaugust-1999#page=35 Foreign Service Journal article on his Lifetime Contributions to American Diplomacy Award.] 
* {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011126071107/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/vance-c/vance.asp |title=Oral History Interviews with Cyrus Vance |date=2001-11-26}}, from the [[Lyndon Baines Johnson Library]]
* [http://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/mssa.ms.1664 Cyrus R. Vance and Grace Sloane Vance Papers, 1957-1992], held at [[Yale University Library]], [http://www.library.yale.edu/mssa/ Manuscripts & Archives]
* [https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgV2YW5jZRIFY3lydXM-/ Arlington National Cemetery]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081128154820/http://www.ina.fr/archivespourtous/index.php?vue=notice |title=Interview on French TV |date=2008-11-28}}: Cartes sur table, 31 March 1980 (40 minutes)
*{{C-SPAN}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef | before = [[General Counsel of the Department of Defense#Office Holders|J. Vincent Byrne Jr.]]}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[General Counsel of the Department of Defense]]| years = January 29, 1961 – June 30, 1962}}
{{s-aft | after = [[John McNaughton (government official)|John McNaughton]]}}
{{S-off}}
{{U.S. Cabinet official box
|before=[[Elvis Jacob Stahr Jr.]]
|after=[[Stephen Ailes]]
|years=July 1962 – January 1964
|president= [[John F. Kennedy]], [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
|department= Secretary of the Army}}
{{Succession box
|before= [[Roswell Gilpatric]]
|title= [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense]]
|years= 1964–1967
|after= [[Paul Nitze]]
}}
{{U.S. Cabinet official box
|before = [[Henry Kissinger]]
|after = [[Edmund Muskie]]
|years = 1977–1980
|president= [[Jimmy Carter]]
|department= Secretary of State}}
{{s-npo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[C. Douglas Dillon]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Rockefeller Foundation|Chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation]]|years=1975 — 1977}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Theodore Hesburgh]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Carter cabinet}}
{{USSecState}}
{{USDepSecDef}}
{{USArmySecs}}
{{Yugoslav Wars}}
{{Freedom Award laureates}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vance, Cyrus R.}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
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