View source for DF-4

{{Short description|Chinese ICBM}}
{{For|the locomotive|China Railways DF4}}
{{Infobox weapon
| is_missile         = yes
| name               = DF-4/CSS-3
| image              = Misil DF-4.svg
| image_size         = 120
| type               = [[ICBM]]
| origin             = [[People's Republic of China]]
| vehicle_range      = 5,500 km<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/china/theater/df-4.htm|title=DF-4 - China Nuclear Forces|website=nuke.fas.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/china/df-4.htm|title=DF-4 - China Nuclear Forces|website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref>
| filling            = One,<ref name="FAS">The Federation of American Scientists & The Natural Resources Defense Council ''Chinese Nuclear Forces and U.S. Nuclear War Planning'' p. 202 [http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/china/Book2006.pdf]</ref> or three (DF-4A)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.5school.com/wap.aspx?nid=12900&p=2&cid=100&sp=87 |title=中国东风系列导弹简介 |access-date=2010-04-28 |archive-date=2012-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801025217/http://www.5school.com/wap.aspx?nid=12900&p=2&cid=100&sp=87 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://csatm.cn/f0309110006.html{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| yield              = 3.3 Mt<ref name="FAS" />
| engine             = Liquid fueled
| guidance           = [[Astro-inertial guidance]]
| accuracy           = 1.5 km
| speed              = ?
| length             = 28.05 m
| diameter           = 2.25 m
| weight             = 82,000 kg
| payload_capacity   = 3300 kt
| manufacturer       = Factory 211 (Capital Astronautics Co.)
| unit_cost          = ?
| service            = 1975/1976<ref name="FAS" /><ref>PRC Defense Policy and Armed Forces, National Intelligence Estimate 13-76, November 11, 1976, p. 47.</ref>–present
| used_by            = [[People's Liberation Army Rocket Force|PLA Rocket Force]]
}}

The '''Dong Feng 4''' ({{zh|s=东风-4|p=Dōng Fēng Sì|l=East Wind 4}}) or '''DF-4''' (also known as the '''CSS-3''') is a first-generation two-stage [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] [[intercontinental ballistic missile]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wpeu.net/article/Article.asp?ArticleId=1485 |title=东风4型洲际导弹 (Dongfeng VI intercontinental ballistic missile) |access-date=2009-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915210157/http://www.wpeu.net/article/Article.asp?ArticleId=1485 |archive-date=2009-09-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> with liquid fuel ([[Nitric acid]]/[[Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine]]).  It was thought to be deployed in limited numbers in underground silos beginning in the late 1970s and early 1980s.  The Dong Feng 4 has a takeoff thrust of 1,224.00&nbsp;kN, a takeoff weight of 82000&nbsp;kg, a diameter of 2.25 m, a length of 28.05 m and a fin span of 2.74 m.  The range of the Dong Feng 4, which is equipped with a 2,190&nbsp;kg [[thermonuclear weapon|nuclear warhead]] with 3.3 [[TNT equivalent|Megaton]] yield, with a nominal range of 5,500&nbsp;km. This gives it sufficient range to strike targets as far away as [[Russia]], India, and American bases in the Pacific.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Howard|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1P3-45738834|title=Chinese Strategic Plans Move Forward with Missile Test|journal=Arms Control Today|publisher=Arms Control Association|date=July 1, 1999|issn=0196-125X|access-date=|url-access=|via=|archive-date=October 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019145142/https://www.questia.com/read/1P3-45738834|url-status=dead}}</ref> The missile uses an [[inertial guidance]] system, resulting in a large [[Circular error probable|CEP]] of 1,500 meters.  As of 2017, 10–15 launchers are deployed.<ref name=nasic-20170601>{{cite report |page=29 |url=https://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19 |title=Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat |id=NASIC-1031-0985-17 |publisher=Defense Intelligence Ballistic Missile Analysis Committee |date=June 2017 |access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref>

==History==
[[Image:PLA ballistic missiles range.jpg|thumb|300px|Range of various Chinese missiles (2007); DF-4 range in light blue.]]
The decision to develop the DF-4 was made in 1965<ref>U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense, The Military Power of the People’s Republic of China, 2005, 2005, p. 28</ref> in response to the U.S. ballistic missile submarine patrols that began operating out of Guam.  The missile's designer has been variously identified as [[Ren Xinmin]] or [[Tu Shou'e]]  [屠守锷], and it was produced at Factory 211 (Capital Astronautics Co. [首都航天机械公司], also known as Capital Machine Shop [首都机械厂]).

In 1972 US intelligence estimated an IOC for this system as being expected in 1974 or 1975. Deployment actually began in 1975–76, but only four DF-4s were believed to be in place by 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/china/theater/df-4.htm |title=DF-4 – China Nuclear Forces |publisher=Fas.org |access-date=2010-03-21}}</ref>

There were two versions of the missile developed,<ref>U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense, ''The Military Power of the People’s Republic of China, 2000'', 2000, p. 17.</ref> one version housed in caves or garages to be rolled out on launch and another silo based version.

The US DoD estimates that the missile will continue to serve as a regional deterrence instrument until they can be replaced by the [[DF-31]].<ref>U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Military Power of the People’s Republic of China, 2006, May 22, 2006, p. 50.</ref> This will be a significant capability gain for the [[Second Artillery Corps]]. The DF-31A has a range of 11,700 kilometers (as opposed to just 7,000 for the DF-4) and is road- and rail-mobile, and thus more survivable than the silo-based DF-4.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://missilethreat.com/missiles/df-31-31a-css-9/?country=china#china |title= DF-31/-31A (CSS-9) - Missile ThreatMissile Threat|website=missilethreat.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113061756/http://missilethreat.com/missiles/df-31-31a-css-9/?country=china |archive-date=2016-01-13}}</ref>

== Operators ==
* {{CHN}}: The [[People's Liberation Army Rocket Force]] is the only operator of the Dong-Feng 4.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030904120038/http://astronautix.com/lvs/df4.htm Astronautix]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121103103539/http://www.sinodefence.com/strategic/missile/df4.asp DongFeng 4 (CSS-3) Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile - SinoDefence.com]
* {{cite web |url=http://missilethreat.com/missiles/df-4-css-3/?country=china#china |title=DF-4 (CSS-3) |website=Missile Threat |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140201004534/http://missilethreat.com/missiles/df-4-css-3/?country=china%23china |archive-date=2014-02-01}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before=[[DF-3A|DF-3]]
|title=DF-4
|years=
|after=[[DF-5]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Chinese missiles|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Df-4}}
[[Category:Intercontinental ballistic missiles of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Nuclear missiles of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Cold War weapons of China]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s]]