View source for DOS/V

{{Short description|Variant of PC DOS/MS-DOS developed for Japan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox OS
| name = DOS/V
| logo = [[File:DOSV OADG logo.svg|128px]]
| screenshot = IBM DOS J4.06V boot-up.png
| caption = Screenshot of IBM DOS J4.0/V
| developer = [[IBM]] and [[Microsoft]]
| family = [[DOS]]
| source_model = [[Closed source]]
| released = {{Start date and age|1990|11|df=yes}}
| latest_release_version = PC DOS 2000
| latest_release_date = {{Start date and age|1998|07|df=yes}}
| kernel_type = [[Monolithic kernel]]
| ui = [[Command-line interface]]
| programmed_in = [[Assembly language]], [[C (programming language)|C]]
| supported_platforms = [[x86]]
| license = [[Commercial software|Commercial]] [[proprietary software]]
| working_state = No longer supported
| language = Japanese, Chinese, Korean
| website = 
}}
'''DOS/V''' is a Japanese computing initiative starting in 1990 to allow [[DOS]] on [[IBM PC compatible]]s with VGA cards to handle [[Double-byte character set|double-byte]] (DBCS) Japanese text via software alone.<ref name="Boyd_1997"/> It was initially developed from [[PC DOS]] by [[IBM]] for its [[IBM Personal System/55|PS/55]] machines (a localized version of the [[IBM Personal System/2|PS/2]]), but IBM gave the driver [[source code]] to [[Microsoft Corporation|Microsoft]], who then licensed a DOS/V-compatible version of [[MS-DOS]] to other companies.<ref name="Boyd_1997"/> 

[[Kanji]] fonts and other locale information are stored on the hard disk rather than on special chips as in the preceding [[AX architecture]]. As with AX, its great value for the Japanese computing industry is in allowing compatibility with foreign software. This had not been possible under [[NEC]]'s proprietary [[PC-9801|PC-98]] system, which was the market leader before DOS/V emerged. DOS/V stands for "Disk Operating System/[[VGA]]" (not "version 5"; DOS/V came out at approximately the same time as DOS 5). In Japan, IBM compatible PCs became popular along with DOS/V, so they were often referred to as "DOS/V machine" or "DOS/V [[personal computer|pasocom]]" even though DOS/V operating systems are no longer common by the late 1990s.<ref name="IT_20160507" />

The promotion of DOS/V was done by IBM and its consortium called [[PC Open Architecture Developers' Group]] (OADG).<ref name="Boyd_1997" /> [[Digital Research]] released a Japanese DOS/V-compatible version of [[DR-DOS|DR&nbsp;DOS]] 6.0 in 1992.<ref name="ASCII_1992_DRDOS60V"/><ref name="Wein_2012"/>

==History==
In the early 1980s, [[IBM Japan]] developed two [[x86]]-based personal computer lines for the Asia-Pacific region, [[IBM 5550]] and [[IBM JX]]. The 5550 reads Kanji fonts from the disk, and draws text as graphic characters on 1024×768 high resolution monitor. The JX extends [[IBM PCjr]] and [[IBM PC]] architecture. It supports English and Japanese versions of [[PC DOS]] with 720×512 resolution monitor. Both machines couldn't break dominant NEC's PC-98 in consumer market in Japan. Because the 5550 was expensive, it was mostly sold for large enterprises who used IBM's [[mainframe]]. The JX used [[Intel 8088|8088]] processor instead of faster [[Intel 8086|8086]] processor because IBM thought a consumer-class JX mustn't surpass a business-class 5550.<ref name="TheBASIC_1993"/> It damaged buyer's reputations whatever the actual speed was. In another point, a software company said IBM was uncooperative for developing JX software.<ref name="IBM_19860210"/> IBM Japan planned a 100% [[IBM Personal Computer/AT|PC/AT]] compatible machine codenamed "JX2", but cancelled it in 1986.<ref name="TheBASIC_1993"/><ref name=":6"/>

Masahiko Hatori {{Nihongo|2=羽鳥 正彦}} was a developer of JX's DOS. Through the development of JX, he learned the skills needed to localize an English computer into Japanese. In 1987, he started developing the DOS/V during spare time at [[IBM Yamato Facility|IBM Yamato Development Laboratory]]. He thought the 480-line mode of VGA and a processor as fast as the [[Intel 80386|80386]] would realize his idea, but they were expensive hardwares as of 1987. In this era, [[Toshiba]] released the [[J-3100]] laptop computer, and [[Microsoft]] introduced the [[AX architecture]]. IBM Japan didn't join in the AX consortium. His boss, Tsutomu Maruyama {{Nihongo|2=丸山 力}}, thought IBM's headquarters wouldn't allow to adopt the AX because they requested IBM Japan to use the same standard as worldwide IBM offices used.<ref name="NKS_2000_4-532-16331-5"/> In October 1987, IBM Japan released the PS/55 Model 5535 which was a proprietary laptop using a special version of DOS. It was more expensive than the J-3100 because its [[LCD]] display used a non-standard 720×512 resolution. Hatori thought IBM needed to shift their own proprietary PC to IBM PC compatibles. Maruyama and [[Nobuo Mii]] thought Japan's closed PC market needed to be changed and this attempt couldn't be done by IBM alone. In summer of 1989, they decided to carry out the development of DOS/V, disclose the architecture of PS/55, and found the [[PC Open Architecture Developers' Group]] (OADG).<ref name="AsahiPC_19950401"/>

The DOS/V development team designed the DOS/V to be simple for better [[scalability]] and compatibility with original PC DOS. They had difficulty reducing text drawing time. "A stopwatch was a necessity for DOS/V development", Hatori said.<ref name="Hatori_DOSV"/>

IBM Japan announced the first version of DOS/V, IBM DOS J4.0/V, on 11 October 1990, and shipped out in November 1990. At the same time, IBM Japan released the PS/55 Model 5535-S, a laptop computer with VGA resolution. The announcement letter stated DOS/V was designed for low-end desktops and laptops of PS/55,<ref name="IBM_1990"/> but users reported on [[Bulletin board system|BBS]] that they could run DOS/V on [[IBM PC compatible|IBM PC clone]]s.<ref name="NBP_1991"/> The development team unofficially confirmed these comments, and modified incompatibilities of DOS/V. It was a secret inside the company because it would prevent sales of PS/55 and meet with opposition. Hatori said,<ref name="AsahiPC_19950401"/>

{{Blockquote|text=We hid the DOS/V run on other IBM compatible machines. The fact was that we developed it could run on [[Gateway, Inc.|Gateway]]'s and any machines, but we had to keep the secret, not to spread it, because there are lots of enemies inside the company. In short, it was a double-edged sword. If the DOS/V run on such cheap compatible machines, conversely the 5550 series which had taken high profit up may not be sold. In fact, 80% of staff in Yamato office opposed it.|sign=|source=}}

Maruyama and Mii had to convince IBM's branches to agree with the plan. In the beginning of December 1990, Maruyama went to IBM's Management Committee, and presented his plan "The low-end PC strategy in Japan". At the committee, a topic usually took 15 minutes, but his topic took an hour. The plan was finally approved by [[John Fellows Akers|John Akers]].<ref name="AsahiPC_19950401"/>

After the committee, Susumu Furukawa, a president of [[Microsoft Japan]], could make an appointment with IBM Japan to share the source code of DOS/V.<ref name="Furukawa_2015"/> On 20 December 1990, IBM Japan announced they founded OADG and Microsoft would supply DOS/V for other PC manufacturers. From 1992 to 1994, many Japanese manufacturers began selling IBM PC clones with DOS/V. Some global PC manufacturers entered into the Japanese market, [[Compaq]] in 1992 and [[Dell]] in 1993. [[Fujitsu]] released IBM PC clones (FMV series) in October 1993, and about 200,000 units were shipped in 1994.<ref name="NBP_19941010"/>

The initial goal of DOS/V was to enable Japanese software to run on laptop computers based on the IBM global standards rather than the domestic computer architecture. As of 1989, the VGA was not common, but they expected the LCD panels with VGA resolution would be affordable within a few years. The DOS/V lacked its software library, so IBM Japan requested third-party companies to port their software to the DOS/V. The PS/55 Model 5535-S was released as a laptop terminal for the corporate sector. They only had to supply a few major business software to the DOS/V.<ref name="TheBASIC_1993"/>

In March 1991, IBM Japan released the [[PS/55note]] Model 5523-S which was the lower-price laptop computer. It was a strategically important product to popularize the DOS/V into the consumer market, and led to the success of subsequent consumer products such as the [[ThinkPad]].<ref name="ThinkPad_2002"/> However, the DOS/V itself sold much better than the 5523S because advanced users purchased it to build a Japanese language environment on their IBM compatible PCs.<ref name="AsahiPC_19981101"/>

In 1992, IBM Japan released the PS/V (similar to the [[IBM PS/ValuePoint|PS/ValuePoint]]) and the [[ThinkPad]]. They were based upon an architecture closer to PC compatibles, and intended to compete with rivals in the consumer market. As of December 1992, the PS/V was the most selling DOS/V computer.<ref name="NBP_1993-03-01"/> In January 1993, NEC released a new generation of the PC-98 to take back its initiative. NEC advertised that the scrolling speed of the word processor [[Ichitaro (word processor)|Ichitaro]] on the PC-9801BX was faster than on the PS/V 2405-W.<ref name="NikkeiPC_19930315"/> Yuzuru Takemura {{Nihongo|2=竹村 譲}} of IBM Japan said, "Let us suppose the movement towards Windows is inevitability. Processors and graphics cards will become faster and faster. If the PC-98 holds its architecture, it never beat our machine at speed. Windows is developed for the PC/AT architecture. Kanji glyphs are also supplied as a software font. The only thing IBM have to do is tuning up it for the video card. On the different architecture, it will be hard to tune up Windows".<ref name="TheBASIC_1993"/>[[File:Microsoft Windows 3.1 Jpn box.jpg|thumb|Windows 3.1 for MS-DOS 5.0/V]]In 1993, Microsoft Japan released first retail versions of Windows ([[Windows 3.1x|Windows 3.1]]) for both DOS/V and PC-98. The DOS/V contributed the dawn of IBM PC clones in Japan, yet PC-98 had kept 50% of market share until 1996.<ref name="NSS_19970424"/> It was turned round by the release of [[Windows 95]].

=={{anchor|$FONT.SYS|$DISP.SYS|$IAS.SYS|$PRN.SYS|$PRNUSER.SYS|$PRNESCP.SYS|FONTX|FONTX2|DSPXVBE}}Drivers==
Three device drivers enable DBCS [[code page]] support in DOS on IBM PC compatibles with VGA; the font driver, the display driver and the input assisted subsystem driver. The font driver loads a complete set of the glyphs from a font file into the [[extended memory]]. The display driver sets the 640×480 graphics mode on the VGA, and allocates about 20&nbsp;KB of the [[conventional memory]] for text, called the simulated [[video buffer]]. A DOS/V program writes the codes of the characters to the simulated video buffer through DOS output functions, or writes them directly and calls driver's function to refresh the screen. The display driver copies the font bitmap data from the extended memory to the actual [[video memory]], corresponding to the simulated video buffer. The input assisted subsystem driver communicates with optional [[input method]]s and enables the text editing in the on-the-spot or below-the-spot styles. Without installing these drivers, the DOS/V is equivalent to the generic MS-DOS without DBCS code page support.
* $FONT.SYS – Font driver<ref name="$FONT.SYS"/><ref name="Myers_1995_DOSV"/><ref name="ChaN_2012_FONTX"/>
* $DISP.SYS – Display driver<ref name="$DISP.SYS"/><ref name="Myers_1995_DOSV"/><ref name="ChaN_2012_FONTX"/>
* $IAS.SYS – Input assist subsystem (IAS) with front end processor (FEP) support driver<ref name="Myers_1995_DOSV"/>
* $PRN.SYS – Printer driver<ref name="Myers_1995_DOSV"/>
* $PRNUSER.SYS – Printer driver<ref name="Myers_1995_DOSV"/>
* $PRNESCP.SYS – Printer driver for [[Epson]] [[ESC/P J84]]<ref name="Myers_1995_DOSV"/>

=={{anchor|J-DOS|V-Text|Hi-Text}}Versions==
[[File:IBM DOS K3.31 boot-up.png|thumb|IBM Japanese DOS K3.3]]
In 1988, IBM Japan released a new model of the PS/55 which was based on the PS/2 with Japanese language support. It is equipped with a proprietary video card, the Display Adapter, which has a high resolution [[text mode]] and a Japanese character set stored in a [[Read-only memory|ROM]] on the card. It supports Japanese DOS K3.3, PC DOS 3.3 (English) and [[OS/2]].<ref name="ASCII_1988"/>

IBM DOS J4.0 was released in 1989.<ref name="ASCII_1989"/> It combines Japanese DOS and PC DOS, which runs Japanese DOS as the Japanese mode (PS/55 mode) and PC DOS as the English mode (PS/2 mode). Although it had two separated modes that needed a reboot to switch between them, IBM Japan called it ''bilingual''. This version requires the PS/55 display adapter.

[[File:Screen tearing on DOSV.png|thumb|Screen tearing with [[Paradise Systems|Paradise]] [[Super VGA|SVGA]]]]
The first version of DOS/V, IBM DOS J4.0/V (J4.05/V), was released in the end of 1990. The word 'DOS/V' was quickly known to Japanese computer industry, but the DOS/V itself didn't spread quickly. As of 1991, some small companies sold American or Taiwanese computers in Japan, but DOS J4.0/V caused some issues on PC compatibles.<ref name="NBP_19910916"/> Its [[Expanded memory|EMS]] driver only supports IBM's [[Expanded Memory Adapter]]. The [[input method]] doesn't support the US keyboard nor the Japanese AX keyboard, so it locates some keys at the wrong place. PS/55 keyboards were available from IBM, but it must be used with an AT to [[PS/2 port|PS/2]] adapter because AX machines (thus PC/AT clones) generally have the older 5-pin [[DIN connector]]. Scrolling text with the common [[Tseng Labs ET4000]] graphics controller makes the screen unreadable. This issue can be fixed by the new <code>/HS=LC</code> switch of <code>$DISP.SYS</code> in DOS J4.07/V.<ref name=":6"/><ref name="Schwarzschild_2009"/><ref name="ITmedia_2018"/> "Some VGA clones did not correctly implement the [[Video_display_controller#Types|CRTC]] address wraparound.<ref name="OS2Museum_DOSV"/> Most likely those were Super VGAs with more video memory than the original VGA (i.e. more than 256&nbsp;KB). Software relying on the address wraparound was very rare and therefore the functionality was not necessarily correctly implemented in hardware. On the other hand, the split screen technique was relatively well documented and well understood, and commercial software (especially games) sometimes used it. It was therefore likely to be tested and properly implemented in hardware."

IBM Japan released DOS J5.0/V in October 1991, and DOS J5.0 in December 1991.<ref name="CQ_1712"/> DOS J5.0 combines Japanese DOS and DOS/V. This is the last version developed for the PS/55 display adapter. DOS J5.02/V was released in March 1992.<ref name=":5"/> It added official support for the IBM PS/2 and the US English layout keyboard.

The development of [[MS-DOS]] 5.0/V was delayed because IBM and Microsoft disputed how to implement the [[API]] for input methods. It took a few months to make an agreement that the [[Original equipment manufacturer|OEM]] adaptation kit (OAK) of MS-DOS 5.0/V provided both IAS (Input Assist Subsystem) and MKKC (Microsoft [[Kana]]-Kanji Conversion). Microsoft planned to add the AX application support into DOS/V, but cancelled it because its beta release was strongly criticized by users for lacking compatibility. Some PC manufacturers couldn't wait Microsoft's DOS/V. Toshiba developed a DOS/V [[emulator]] that could run DOS/V applications on a VGA-equipped J-3100 computer. [[AST Research]] Japan and [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]] decided to bundle IBM DOS J5.0/V. Compaq developed own DOS/V drivers, and released their first DOS/V computers in April 1992.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":3"/>

On 10 December 1993, Microsoft Japan and IBM Japan released new versions of DOS/V, MS-DOS 6.2/V Upgrade and PC DOS J6.1/V.<ref name="NSS_19931207"/> Although both were released at the same time, they were separately developed.<ref name="NBP_1993_118"/> MS-DOS 6.2/V Upgrade is the only Japanese version of MS-DOS released by Microsoft under its own brand for retail sales. Microsoft Japan continued selling it after Microsoft released MS-DOS 6.22 to resolve [[patent infringement]] of [[DoubleSpace]] [[disk compression]].<ref name="PCW_20020122"/>

IBM Japan ended support for PC DOS 2000 on 31 January 2001,<ref name=":4"/> and Microsoft Japan ended support for MS-DOS on 31 December 2001.<ref name="MS_20010907"/>

Japanese versions of [[Windows 2000]] and [[Windows XP|XP]] have a DOS/V environment in [[NTVDM]]. It was removed in [[Windows Vista]].<ref name="Exconn_20060616"/>

===PC DOS versions===
[[PC&nbsp;DOS]] versions of DOS/V (J for Japanese, P for Chinese (PRC), T for Taiwanese, H for Korean (Hangul)):<ref name="IBM_2007_SurePOS"/>
* IBM DOS J4.0/V "5605-PNA" (version 4.00 – 4.04 were not released for DOS/V)<ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/>
** IBM DOS J4.05/V for [[PS/55]] (announced 1990-10-11, shipped 1990-11-05)<!-- https://www.betaarchive.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=32715 --><ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/><ref name="IBM_1990"/><ref name="NBP_1991"/>
** IBM DOS J4.06/V (1991-04)<!-- https://www.betaarchive.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=33144 --><ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/><ref name="NBP_1991-04-29"/>
** IBM DOS J4.07/V (1991-07)<!-- https://www.betaarchive.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=32886 --><ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/><ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/>
* IBM DOS J5.0/V "5605-PJA" (1991-10),<ref name="IBM_1997_AS400"/><ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/><ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/> IBM DOS T5.0/V,<ref name="IBM_1997_AS400"/> IBM DOS H5.0/V<ref name="IBM_1997_AS400"/>
** IBM DOS J5.02/V for PS/55 (1992-03)<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/><ref name=":5"/>
** IBM DOS J5.02A/V<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
** IBM DOS J5.02B/V<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
** IBM DOS J5.02C/V<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
** IBM DOS J5.02D/V (1993-05)<ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/><ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
** Sony OADG DOS/V (includes IBM DOS J5.0/V and drivers for AX machines)<ref name="NBP_1992"/>
* PC DOS J6.1/V "5605-PTA" (1993-12),<ref name="IBM_1997_AS400"/><ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/><ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/> PC DOS P6.1/V,<ref name="IBM_1997_AS400"/> PC DOS T6.10/V<!-- update release -->
** PC DOS J6.10A/V (1994-03)<ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/><ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
* PC DOS J6.3/V "5605-PDA" (1994-05)<ref name="IBM_1997_AS400"/><ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/><ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/>
** PC DOS J6.30A/V<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
** PC DOS J6.30B/V<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
** PC DOS J6.30C/V (1995-06)<ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/><ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
* PC DOS J7.0/V "5605-PPW" (1995-08),<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/><ref name="IBM_2007_SurePOS"/><ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/> PC DOS P7/V,<ref name="IBM_2007_SurePOS"/> PC DOS T7/V,<ref name="IBM_2007_SurePOS"/> PC DOS H7/V<ref name="IBM_2007_SurePOS"/>
** PC DOS J7.00A/V<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
** PC DOS J7.00B/V<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
** PC DOS J7.00C/V (1998-07)<ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/><ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/>
* PC DOS 2000 Japanese Edition "04L5610" (1998-07)<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV"/><ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/><ref name=":4"/>
<gallery>
IBM DOS J5.02V disks.jpg|IBM DOS J5.02/V
</gallery>

===MS-DOS versions===
[[MS-DOS]] versions of DOS/V:
* Toshiba Nichi-Ei (日英; Japanese-English) MS-DOS 5.0<ref name=":2"/>
* Compaq MS-DOS 5.0J/V (1992-04)<ref name=":3"/>
* MS-DOS 5.0/V (OEM, generic MS-DOS 5.0/V)
* MS-DOS 6.0/V{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}
* MS-DOS 6.2/V (Retail, 1993-12)<ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/>
* MS-DOS 6.22/V (1994-08){{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}
* [[Fujitsu]] [[Towns OS]] for [[FM Towns]] (only late issues had DOS/V compatibility added){{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}<!-- exact versions with DOS/V support unknown yet -->
<gallery>
MS-DOS 6.2V floppy disks.jpg|Japanese MS-DOS 6.2/V floppy disks
MS-DOS 6.2-V User's Guide Japanese cover 20130608.jpg|MS-DOS 6.2/V user's guide
</gallery>

===DR DOS versions===
[[DR&nbsp;DOS]] versions of DOS/V:
* [[DR DOS 6.0/V]] (Japanese) (1992-07),<ref group="nb" name="NB_DRDOS_ANSI-SYS"/><ref name="ASCII_1992_DRDOS60V"/><ref name="Wein_2012"/><ref name="DRDOS60V_ViewMAX"/><ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV"/> [[DR DOS 6.0/V]] (Korean)<ref group="nb" name="NB_DRDOS_ANSI-SYS"/>
** [[ViewMAX 2]] (Japanese) (1991–1992)<ref name="DRDOS60V_ViewMAX"/>
** [[NetWare Lite 1.1J]] (Japanese) (1992–1997)<ref group="nb" name="NB_NWL11"/><ref name="Novell_2006_PWN10-NWL11-Patches"/>
* [[Novell DOS 7]] (Japanese)?<ref group="nb" name="NB_NWD70"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/>
** [[Personal NetWare J 1.0]] (Japanese) (1994–1995)<ref group="nb" name="NB_PNW10"/><ref name="Novell_2006_PWN10-NWL11-Patches"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/>
* (DR-DOS 7.0x/V) (2001–2006) (an attempt to build a DR-DOS/V from existing components)<ref name="DRDOS/V"/>

===Extensions===
IBM DOS/V Extension extends DOS/V drivers to set up a variety of text modes for certain video adapters. The High-quality Text Mode is the default 80 columns by 25 rows with 12×24 pixels large characters. The High-density Text Mode (Variable Text; V-Text) offers large text modes with various font sizes. DOS/V Extension V1.0 included drivers for VGA, [[XGA]], PS/55 Display Adapter, [[Super VGA|SVGA]] (800×600) and [[Tseng Labs ET4000|ET4000]] (1024×768).<ref name="NBP_1993-05-10"/> Some of its drivers were included in PC DOS J6.1/V and later.
* IBM DOS/V Extension V1.0 (1993-01) includes V-Text support<ref name="V-Text"/>
* IBM DOS/V Extension V2.0 "5605-PXB"<ref name="V-Text"/>

==See also==
* [[Unicode]]
* [[List of DOS commands]]
* [[Kanji CP/M-86]] (1984)
* {{ill|DOS/V Power Report|ja|DOS/V POWER REPORT}} (A Japanese magazine on IBM clones)

==Notes==
{{reflist|group="nb"|refs=
<ref group="nb" name="NB_NWD70">A Japanese version of [[Novell DOS 7]] was announced and is referred to in various English documents, but was apparently never released.</ref>
<ref group="nb" name="NB_NWL11">A Japanese version of [[Novell]] [[NetWare Lite]] named "[[NetWare Lite 1.1J]]" existed for four Japanese platforms: DOS/V, [[Fujitsu FM-R]], [[NEC PC-98]]/[[Epson PC]] and [[Toshiba J-3100]]. DOS/V-related updates were distributed by Novell as <code>DOSV6.EXE</code>, <code>DOSV.EXE</code>, <code>TSBODI.LZH</code> and were supported up to 1997.</ref>
<ref group="nb" name="NB_PNW10">A Japanese version of [[Novell]] [[Personal NetWare 1.0]] named "[[Personal NetWare J]]" existed for four Japanese platforms: DOS/V, [[Fujitsu FM-R]], [[NEC PC-98]]/[[Epson PC]] and [[Toshiba J-3100]], some of which were distributed by CONTEC.<!-- Contec Personal NetWare J with pictures: http://yahoo.aleado.com/lot?auctionID=l363876083 https://web.archive.org/web/20170116225000/http://yahoo.aleado.com/lot?auctionID=l363876083 --> DOS/V-related updates were distributed by Novell as <code>P10J0?.EXE</code> (with <code>?</code> replaced by <code>1</code> - <code>5</code>), <code>PNDOSV2.EXE</code>, <code>PNDOSV1.LZH</code> and were supported up to 1995.</ref>
<ref group="nb" name="NB_DRDOS_ANSI-SYS">Japanese and Korean issues of the [[DR&nbsp;DOS]] <code>[[ANSI.SYS]]</code> driver contain support for a number of special arguments to switch to Japanese video modes and toggle between Korean and English input modes.</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="ASCII_1992_DRDOS60V">{{Cite journal |author-last=土井 |author-first=誠二 |date=1992 |script-title=ja:DR DOS 6.0/V 試用レポート |language=ja |journal=[[ASCII (magazine)|ASCII]] |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=238–240 |issn=0386-5428}}</ref>
<ref name="$FONT.SYS">{{cite web |url=http://fpcu.on.coocan.jp/dosvcmd/_font.htm |access-date=2017-01-15 |title=$FONT.SYS |publisher=PC Users' Guide Forums (FPCU)}}</ref>
<ref name="$DISP.SYS">{{cite web|url=http://fpcu.on.coocan.jp/dosvcmd/_disp.htm |access-date=2017-01-15 |title=$DISP.SYS |publisher=PC Users' Guide Forums (FPCU)}}</ref>
<ref name="Myers_1995_DOSV">{{cite journal |author-first1=Steven |author-last1=Myers |author-first2=Greg |author-last2=Smith |title=DOS/V: The Soft(ware) Solution to Hard(ware) Problems |date=March 1995 |journal=Computing Japan Magazine |url=http://www.japaninc.com/cpj/magazine/issues/1995/mar95/03dosv.html |access-date=2017-01-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115192029/http://www.japaninc.com/cpj/magazine/issues/1995/mar95/03dosv.html |archive-date=2017-01-15}}</ref>
<ref name="ChaN_2012_FONTX">{{cite web |author=Cha. N. |title=DOS/V - FONTX - Electronics Projects |date=2012-10-21 |url=http://elm-chan.org/docs/dosv/fontx_e.html |access-date=2017-01-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110164141/http://elm-chan.org/docs/dosv/fontx_e.html |archive-date=2017-01-10}}</ref>
<ref name="IBM_1997_AS400">{{cite web |title=IBM AS/400 Client Access Branches into Two New Families -- AS/400 Client Access Family for Windows and AS/400 Client Access Family Version 4 Release 1 - Software Announcement |date=1997-08-19 |id=Announcement Letter Number: 297-302 |url=https://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/rep_ca/2/897/ENUS297-302/index.html |publisher=[[IBM]] |access-date=2017-01-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116195231/https://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/rep_ca/2/897/ENUS297-302/index.html |archive-date=2017-01-16}}</ref>
<ref name="akm_2013_DOSV">{{cite web |author=akm |title=What's DOS/V |date=2013 |orig-date=2007 |url=http://radioc.web.fc2.com/column/pcad/dosvpc.htm |access-date=2020-03-06}}</ref>
<ref name="IBM_2007_SurePOS">{{cite web |title=SurePOS 100 IBM 4613 Point of Sale Terminal Technical Reference |publisher=[[IBM Corporation]] |date=2007-12-31 |orig-date=2001 |version=1.0 |url=http://pdfstream.manualsonline.com/a/a1d9ec59-8911-491c-a53d-ae74cf4b861b.pdf |access-date=2017-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806231003/http://pdfstream.manualsonline.com/a/a1d9ec59-8911-491c-a53d-ae74cf4b861b.pdf |archive-date=2016-08-06 }}</ref>
<ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP">{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &mdash; Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-07-30 |edition=3 |version=Release 157 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |access-date=2012-01-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910194752/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |archive-date=2017-09-10}} (NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on [[Novell DOS 7]] and [[OpenDOS 7.01]], including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger <code>MPDOSTIP.ZIP</code> collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the <code>NWDOSTIP.TXT</code> file.)</ref>
<ref name="Novell_2006_PWN10-NWL11-Patches">{{cite web |title=Minimum Patch List (Japanese) |language=ja, en |publisher=[[Novell]] |date=2006-01-19 |url=https://www.novell.com/ja-jp/support/support-j/patlst.html#nwlitej<!-- #pnwj --> |access-date=2017-01-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116231636/https://www.novell.com/ja-jp/support/support-j/patlst.html |archive-date=2017-01-16}}</ref>
<ref name="Boyd_1997">{{cite journal |author-first=John |author-last=Boyd |title=From Chaos to Competition - Japan's PC industry in transformation |date=April 1997 |journal=Computing Japan Magazine |url=http://www.japaninc.com/cpj/magazine/issues/1997/apr97/chaos.html |access-date=2017-01-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116023428/http://www.japaninc.com/cpj/magazine/issues/1997/apr97/chaos.html |archive-date=2017-01-16}}</ref>
<ref name="Timeline_2014_DOSV">{{cite web |title=Timeline of DOS/V versions |date=2014-11-28 |language=ja |url=https://diarywind.com/blog/e/timeline-of-dosv-versions.html |access-date=2020-03-06}}</ref>
<ref name="V-Text">{{cite web |title=V-Text-24 |language=ja |date=2011-10-13 |url=https://diarywind.com/blog/e/g13_168_v-text24_dos.html |access-date=2017-01-16}}</ref>
<ref name="DRDOS60V_ViewMAX">{{cite web |author-first1=Roy |author-last1=Tam |author-first2=John C. |author-last2=Elliott |title=DR DOS 6.0/V |date=2014-01-12 |url=https://www.betaarchive.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=30331 |access-date=2017-01-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903045928/https://www.betaarchive.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=30331 |archive-date=2018-09-03}} (NB. Has screenshots of a [[DBCS]]-enabled version of [[ViewMAX 2]] running on [[DR DOS 6.0/V]] and a [[hex dump]] of the corresponding DRFONT database <code>SCREENHZ.FNT</code> for its <code>[[$FONT.SYS]]</code>.</ref>
<ref name="IBM_1990">{{cite journal |author=IBM Japan |journal=Jōhō Kagaku |author-link=IBM Japan |date=1990-10-11 |script-title=ja:PS/55に業界最高速モデル登場 |trans-title=The industry's fastest model is now added on PS/55 |url=http://radioc.web.fc2.com/column/dosj4v_news.html |script-journal=ja:情報科学 |language=ja |publisher=情報科学研究所 |publication-date=1991 |volume=27 |pages=53–61 |issn=0368-3354 |access-date=2018-06-29}}</ref>
<ref name="NBP_1991">{{cite journal |date=January 1991 |script-title=ja:MIXハイライト : ibm.pc 会議 : PC/AT互換パソコンでDOS/Vが動いた |trans-title=MIX highlights: ibm.pc forum: I found the DOS/V could run on PC/AT compatibles |script-journal=ja:日経バイト |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |pages=326–329 |issn=0289-6508 |url=http://radioc.web.fc2.com/column/dosv_firstreport.html |access-date=2020-03-06 |journal=Nikkei Baito = Nikkei Byte}}</ref>
<ref name="NBP_1992">{{cite journal |date=September 1992 |script-title=ja:トレンド : 混迷深まるDOS/V |script-journal=ja:日経バイト |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |pages=116–124 |issn=0289-6508 |journal=Nikkei Baito = Nikkei Byte}}</ref>
<ref name="Wein_2012">{{cite web |title=Resume: Joe Wein |author-first=Josef "Joe" |author-last=Wein |date=2012 |orig-date=2003 |url=http://www.joewein.de/resume.htm |access-date=2017-09-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910215759/http://www.joewein.de/resume.htm |archive-date=2017-09-10 |quote=[…] [up to] 1992 [[Digital Research GmbH]] […] [[DR DOS 6.0]] […] Japanese input support for Japanese version of DR DOS. […]}}</ref>
<ref name="DRDOS/V">{{cite web |script-title=ja:DR DOS 7.0x/V 非公式インストールマニュアル - 管理人関係リンク |trans-title=DR DOS 7.0x/V - Unofficial installation, manual administration, links  |language=ja |editor-first=Yu |editor-last=Izumi |publisher=Japanese DR DOS User's Group (JDUG) |version=4.7.4 |date=2006-06-11 |orig-date=2001-03-03 |url=http://ifs.nog.cc/drdos.at.infoseek.co.jp/docs/drinst.html}}</ref>
<ref name="IT_20160507">{{cite web |date=2016-05-07 |script-title=ja:DOS/Vとは - IT用語辞典 |url=http://e-words.jp/w/DOS-V.html |access-date=2020-11-05 |website=IT用語辞典 e-Words |publisher=Incept Inc. |language=ja}}</ref>
<ref name="IBM_19860210">{{cite journal |script-title=ja:戦略研究 パソコンビジネス―日本IBM |script-journal=ja:日経パソコン |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei McGraw-Hill]] |volume=1986-02-10 |date=1986-02-10 |pages=180–184 |issn=0287-9506|journal=Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing }}</ref>
<ref name="TheBASIC_1993">{{cite journal |date=1993 |script-title=ja:Special Interview キーマンが語る: 日本IBM情報システム(株) 竹村譲 氏、日本IBM(株) 羽鳥正彦 氏 |trans-title=Special Interview: Key persons talks: IBM Japan Information System, Joe Takemura and IBM Japan, Masahiko Hatori |script-journal=ja:ザ・ベーシック |language=ja |publisher=技術評論社 |volume=120 |pages=33–40}}</ref>
<ref name=":6">{{cite web |author-last=Hatori |author-first=Masahiko |title=WingBird Lab. by M.hatori: DOS/V |url=http://www.tk.airnet.ne.jp:80/wingbird/dosv/dosv.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020106024832/http://www.tk.airnet.ne.jp/wingbird/dosv/dosv.html |archive-date=2002-01-06 |access-date=2018-06-21 |language=ja}}</ref>
<ref name="NKS_2000_4-532-16331-5">{{cite book |author-last=関口 |author-first=和一 |script-title=ja:パソコン革命の旗手たち |publisher=[[Nihon Keizai Shimbun]] |date=2000 |isbn=4-532-16331-5 |pages=271 |language=ja}}</ref>
<ref name="AsahiPC_19950401">{{cite journal |script-title=ja:DOS/V 5周年 実録 日本アイ・ビー・エム物語 |trans-title=5th Anniversary of DOS/V: Report: The story of IBM Japan |script-journal=ja:Asahiパソコン |language=ja |publisher=[[Asahi Shimbun]] |volume=1995-04-01 |date=1995-04-01 |pages=142–152 |issn=0916-0302|journal=Asahi Pasokon }}</ref>
<ref name="Hatori_DOSV">{{cite web |url=http://www.tk.airnet.ne.jp:80/wingbird/lab/dosv.html |title=DOS/V architecture |author-last=Hatori |author-first=Masahiko |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990503162537/http://www.tk.airnet.ne.jp/wingbird/lab/dosv.html |archive-date=1999-05-03 |access-date=2018-06-25}}</ref>
<ref name="Furukawa_2015">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk0pCwAAQBAJ&q=%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%9D%E4%BA%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%83%91%E3%82%BD%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E7%A7%98%E5%8F%B2 |script-title=ja:僕が伝えたかったこと、古川享のパソコン秘史 |author-last=Furukawa |author-first=Susumu |publisher=Impress R&D |date=2015 |isbn=978-4-8443-9700-7 |location=Japan |author-link=:ja:古川享}}</ref>
<ref name="NBP_19941010">{{cite journal |script-title=ja:戦略研究 富士通 |script-journal=ja:日経パソコン |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |volume=1994-10-10 |date=1994-10-10 |pages=166–173 |issn=0287-9506|journal=Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing }}</ref>
<ref name="ThinkPad_2002">{{cite web |author-last=伊勢 |author-first=雅英 |date=2002-10-29 |script-title=ja:ThinkPad 10th Anniversary Special 10: 日本IBMデザイン部門担当部長 山崎和彦氏インタビュー [前編] |url=https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2002/1029/tp10.htm |access-date=2021-03-24 |website=pc.watch.impress.co.jp |publisher=Impress Corporation |language=ja}}</ref>
<ref name="AsahiPC_19981101">{{cite journal |title=Ten Persons in the decade: Masahiko Hatori |journal=Asahi Pasokon |script-journal=ja:Asahiパソコン |language=ja |publisher=[[Asahi Shimbun]] |volume=1998-11-01 |date=1998-11-01 |page=104 |issn=0916-0302}}</ref>
<ref name="NBP_1993-03-01">{{cite journal |author-last=渡辺 |author-first=和博 |journal=Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing |script-title=ja:NPCレポート マーケット: 急速に立ち上がったDOS/Vパソコン市場 |script-journal=ja:日経パソコン |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |volume=1993-03-01 |date=1993-03-01 |pages=142–148 |issn=0287-9506}}</ref>
<ref name="NikkeiPC_19930315">{{cite journal |script-title=ja:特集 : 追う98、追われる98 |script-journal=ja:日経パソコン |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |volume=1993-03-15 |date=1993-03-15 |pages=130–145 |issn=0287-9506|journal=Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing }}</ref>
<ref name="NSS_19970424">{{cite news |script-title=ja:96年度パソコン国内出荷台数、前年度比29.7%増―マルチメディア総研 |date=1997-04-24 |work=[[Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun]] |page=9}}</ref>
<ref name="ASCII_1988">{{cite journal |date=1988 |script-title=ja:特集 最新機種レポート'88：PS/2互換の日本語マシン 日本アイ・ビー・エム IBMパーソナルシステム/55 モデル5550-S/T モデル5570-T |journal=[[ASCII (magazine)|ASCII]] |language=ja |publisher=[[ASCII Corporation|ASCII]] |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=158–161 |issn=0386-5428}}</ref>
<ref name="ASCII_1989">{{cite journal |date=1989 |script-title=ja:ASCII EXPRESS: 第68回ビジネスショウ |journal=[[ASCII (magazine)|ASCII]] |language=ja |publisher=[[ASCII Corporation|ASCII]] |volume=13 |issue=7 |page=231 |issn=0386-5428}}</ref>
<ref name="NBP_19910916">{{cite journal |author-last=永沼 |author-first=成子 |journal=Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing |script-title=ja:How to パソコン: AT互換機でDOS/V動かす |script-journal=ja:日経パソコン |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |volume=1991-09-16 |date=1991-09-16 |pages=278–284 |issn=0287-9506}}</ref>
<ref name="Schwarzschild_2009">{{cite web |date=2009-06-05 |script-title=ja:退廃的互換機趣味（其之二十）【ET4000】|url=http://www.funkygoods.com/schwarzschild/2009_06/2009_06_05.html |access-date=2020-11-02 |website=Schwarzschild Cafe |language=ja|title=Schwarzschild Cafe}}</ref>
<ref name="ITmedia_2018">{{cite news |author-last=長浜 |author-first=和也 |date=2018-08-15 |script-title=ja:「大和研究所は憎悪の対象だった」――初代IBM PC開封の儀で明らかになった「ThinkPad誕生の奇跡」 |language=ja |work=ITmedia PC USER |url=https://www.itmedia.co.jp/pcuser/articles/1808/15/news069_2.html |access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref>
<ref name="OS2Museum_DOSV">{{Cite web|url=http://www.os2museum.com/wp/dosv-graphics-text-modes-and-scrolling/|title=DOS/V graphics text modes and scrolling &#124; OS/2 Museum}}</ref>
<ref name="CQ_1712">{{cite journal |script-title=ja:ソフト新製品: IBM OS/2 J2.0とDOS 5.0/V |journal=Interface |language=ja |publisher=CQ Publishing Co., Ltd. |volume=17 |issue=12 |page=302 |issn=0387-9569}}</ref>
<ref name=":5">{{cite journal |script-title=ja:ニューズレター: 米IBM、DOS/Vの販売とサポートを開始 |script-journal=ja:日経パソコン |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |volume=1992-03-30 |date=1992-03-30 |page=44 |issn=0287-9506|journal=Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing }}</ref>
<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |author-last=星野 |author-first=友彦 |journal=Nikkei Baito = Nikkei Byte |date=1991 |script-title=ja:トレンド: 離陸準備を完了したDOS/Vマシン、ゴー・サイン点灯は来春か |script-journal=ja:日経バイト |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |volume=93 |pages=154–167 |issn=0289-6508}}</ref>
<ref name=":3">{{cite journal |date=1992 |script-title=ja:ASCII EXPRESS: コンパックが日本市場に参入、5機種25モデルを発売 |journal=[[ASCII (magazine)|ASCII]] |language=ja |publisher=[[ASCII Corporation|ASCII]] |volume=16 |issue=4 |issn=0386-5428}}</ref>
<ref name="NSS_19931207">{{cite news |date=1993-12-07 |script-title=ja:マイクロソフト、MS-DOS最新版、自社ブランドで発売。 |language=ja |page=6 |work=[[Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun]]}}</ref>
<ref name="NBP_1993_118">{{cite journal |author-last=本間 |author-first=健司 |journal=Nikkei Baito = Nikkei Byte |date=1993 |script-title=ja:バイト・レポート: MSと日本IBMが異なる新DOS/Vを発売へ |script-journal=ja:日経バイト |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |volume=118 |page=94 |issn=0289-6508}}</ref>
<ref name="PCW_20020122">{{cite web |author-last=鈴木 |author-first=直美 |date=2002-01-22 |script-title=ja:鈴木直美の「PC Watch先週のキーワード」 |url=https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2002/0204/key195.htm |access-date=2020-10-30 |website=pc.watch.impress.co.jp |publisher=Impress Corporation |language=ja}}</ref>
<ref name="MS_20010907">{{cite web |date=2001-09-07 |script-title=ja:デスクトップ オペレーティングシステム（OS）の提供およびサポートの提供期間に関するガイドライン |url=http://www.microsoft.com/JAPAN/windows/lifecycle.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011108135340/http://www.microsoft.com/JAPAN/windows/lifecycle.asp |archive-date=2001-11-08 |access-date=2020-10-30 |publisher=[[Microsoft Corporation]] |language=ja}}</ref>
<ref name="Exconn_20060616">{{cite web |author-last=及川 |author-first=卓也 |date=2006-06-16 |script-title=ja:Windows Vista における 16 ビットサポート |url=http://www.exconn.net/Blogs/windows/archive/2006/06/16/13349.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060701074801/http://www.exconn.net/Blogs/windows/archive/2006/06/16/13349.aspx |archive-date=2006-07-01 |access-date=2020-10-31 |language=ja}}</ref>
<ref name="NBP_1991-04-29">{{cite journal |script-title=ja:ニューズレター: 日本IBM、ESC/P採用のDOS発売、30%値下げる |script-journal=ja:日経パソコン |language=ja |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |volume=1991-04-29 |date=1991-04-29 |page=60 |issn=0287-9506|journal=Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing }}</ref>
<ref name=":4">{{cite web |date=1998-06-10 |script-title=ja:IBM PC DOS 2000 日本語版 および 英語版 の発表 |url=https://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/3/760/PSP98003/index.html&lang=ja |access-date=2020-09-18 |website=www-01.ibm.com |language=ja}}</ref>
<ref name="NBP_1993-05-10">{{cite journal |author-last=石井 |author-first=智明 |journal=Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing |script-title=ja:新製品レビュー: IBM DOS/V Extension V1.0 - DOSのソフトで高解像度が利用できる拡張ソフト |script-journal=ja:日経パソコン |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |volume=1993-05-10 |date=1993-05-10 |pages=64–65 |issn=0287-9506}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |author-last=Adachi |author-first=Tsuyoshi |title=DOS/V Technical Reference Manual |publisher=[[Softbank Books]] |date=1994}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Tsuchiya |author-first=Masaru |title=PC DOS 6/V Handbook |publisher=Natsumesha, Inc. |date=1994}}
* {{cite book |author=Compaq Seran Kikaku Division |title=DOS/V Pasokon |publisher=Seitousha, Inc. |date=1993}}

{{IBM operating systems}}
{{Microsoft operating systems}}
{{Disk operating systems}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:DOS V}}
[[Category:DOS variants]]
[[Category:1990 software]]
[[Category:Discontinued Microsoft operating systems]]