View source for Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole

{{Short description|Portuguese-based creole of western India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{Expand Portuguese}}
{{Infobox language
|name        = Daman and Diu Portuguese
|nativename  = {{lang|idb-IN|Língua da Casa}}
|region      = [[Damaon, Diu & Silvassa]], especially in the [[Daman district, India|Damaon]] and [[Diu district]]s.
|states      = India
|speakers    = 4,000 in Daman district and ca. 180 in Diu district
|date=2010
|ref=<ref name="http://www.openthemagazine.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/art-culture/the-death-of-an-indian-born-language |title=The Death of an Indian-born Language |last=Cardoso |first=Hugo  |date=30 October 2010 |website=Open Magazine}}</ref>
|familycolor = Creole
|fam1        = [[Portuguese creole]]
|fam2        = [[Indo-Portuguese Creoles|Indo-Portuguese]]
|fam3        = [[Indo-Portuguese Creoles|Northern Indo-Portuguese]]
|isoexception=dialect
|ietf=idb-u-sd-indh
|glotto=dama1278
|glottorefname=Daman-Diu Portuguese 
|lingua=51-AAC-agb
|map=[[File:MapaDamãoDiu.png|250px]]
|mapcaption=Damao and Diu in the Indian Union.
}}

The '''Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole''', {{langx|pt|'''Língua Crioula de Damãon e Dio'''}} & by its speakers as '''{{lang|idb-IN|Língua da Casa}}''' meaning "home language", refers to the variety of [[Indo-Portuguese creole]] spoken in the [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] ([[Damaon territory]]), in the northern [[Konkan region]] of India. Before the Indian annexation of the territory, the creole spoken by the Damanese natives underwent a profound [[decreolisation]] in the erstwhile [[Portuguese Goa and Damaon]] colony, a phenomenon whereby the Indo-Portuguese creole reconverged with [[European Portuguese]].

==Daman Indo-Portuguese==
The Daman creole is a descendant of the [[Norteiro Indo-Portuguese language|Norteiro creole]], spoken originally by the ''[[Norteiro people|Norteiro]]s'' on the coast from [[Chaul]],  [[Vasai (Bassein)]], [[Bombay]], to [[Daman, India|Damaon]].

The [[Superstratum|superstrate]] language is Portuguese. The [[Substrata (linguistics)|substrate]] of the Daman creole is likely to be [[Konkani language|Konkani]]. [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] has also been suggested as a possible substrate, but this is doubtful since the [[Gujarati people]] moved into the area only ''after'' the Portuguese arrived.

==Diu Indo-Portuguese==
The Diu Indo-Portuguese or Diu Portuguese is spoken in [[Diu district]], [[India]].  It is a [[creole language]] based mainly on [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]. It is a member of the larger family of [[Indo-Portuguese creoles]], particularly close to the variety of Daman.<ref name="http://www.openthemagazine.com"/> There is a considerably vital oral tradition in this language, with songs regularly performed in Diu, elsewhere in India and among Indo-Portuguese communities abroad.

Widely spoken in the past, it was first documented in the 19th century by the initiative of [[Hugo Schuchardt]].<ref>{{harvp|Schuchardt|1883}}</ref> At present, the language is spoken natively by most of the local Catholics, numbering about 180, but is potentially endangered by the pressure of other languages such as [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[English language|English]] and [[Portuguese language|standard Portuguese]].<ref name="http://www.openthemagazine.com"/><ref>{{harvp|Cardoso|2009}}</ref>

==Number of speakers==
The Portuguese heritage in Daman is more common and lively than in Goa and this helped to keep the language alive. The language is spoken by an estimated number of 2,000 [[Damanese people|Damanese]].

Besides the {{lang|idb-IN|lingua da casa}}, Gujarati, Portuguese & Konkani are also found in the territory.

==See also==
*[[Kristi language]]
*[[Portuguese in Goa and Bombay]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
;Daman
* {{Cite book |title=Dialecto indo-português de Damão |last=Dalgado |first=Sebastião Rodolfo |year=1903 |location=Lisbon }}
;Diu
* {{Cite book |url=http://schuchardt.uni-graz.at/werk/online/772 |title=Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften |last=Schuchardt |first=Hugo |year=1883 |volume=103 |location=Wien |pages=3–18 |chapter=Kreolische Studien III. Ueber das Indoportugiesische von Diu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223164949/http://schuchardt.uni-graz.at/werk/online/772 |archive-date=23 December 2014 }}
* {{Cite book |url=https://www.lotpublications.nl/Documents/210_fulltext.pdf |title=The Indo-Portuguese language of Diu |last=Cardoso |first=Hugo C. |publisher=LOT |year=2009 |isbn=978-9078328872 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Cardoso |first=Hugo C. |date=2018 |title=The Creole of Diu in Hugo Schuchardt's Archive |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323917802 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=17–32 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2018.1440058 |s2cid=192346477 }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* [https://apics-online.info/surveys/39 APiCS Online - Survey chapter: Diu Indo-Portuguese]

{{Portuguese Creoles}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daman and Diu Indo-Portuguese}}
[[Category:Portuguese-based pidgins and creoles]]
[[Category:Portuguese dialects]]
[[Category:Konkan]]
[[Category:Portuguese diaspora in Asia]]
[[Category:Daman and Diu]]
[[Category:Portuguese language in Asia]]