View source for Daniel Pauly

{{short description|French-born marine biologist (born 1946)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Daniel Pauly
| image             = Daniel Pauly Pauly Symposium.jpg
| image_size        = 200px
| caption           = Daniel Pauly
| birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1946|05|02}}
| birth_place       = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| death_date        = 
| death_place       = 
| nationality       = French / Canadian
| alma_mater        = [[University of Kiel]]
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Gotthilf Hempel]]
| doctoral_students = <!--please insert-->
| known_for         = [[Sea Around Us Project]]<br />[[Shifting baselines]]<br />[[Fishing down marine food webs]]<br />[[FishBase]]<br />[[Ecopath|Ecopath with Ecosim]]
| footnotes         = 
| field             = [[Marine biologist]], [[fisheries scientist]]
| work_institutions = [[WorldFish|International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management]]<br />[[UBC Fisheries Centre]]<br />[[University of British Columbia]]
| prizes            = {{no wrap|[[International Cosmos Prize]] (2005)<br />[[Volvo Environment Prize]] (2006)<br />[[Ramon Margalef Prize in Ecology]] (2008)<br />[[Albert Ier Grand Medal in Science]] (2016)<br />[[Ocean Award]] (2017)}}
}}

'''Dr. Sir Daniel Pauly''' is a [[France|French]]-born [[marine biologist]], well known for his work in studying human impacts on global fisheries and in 2020 was the most cited fisheries scientist in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniel Pauly takes the top spot as the most cited fisheries scientist in PLoS Biology study – Sea Around Us |date=28 October 2020 |url=https://www.seaaroundus.org/daniel-pauly-takes-the-top-spot-as-the-most-cited-fisheries-scientists-in-plos-biology-study/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is a professor and the project leader of the [[Sea Around Us Project|Sea Around Us initiative]] at the [[UBC Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries|Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries]] at the [[University of British Columbia]].  He also served as Director of the UBC Fisheries Centre from November 2003 to October 2008.

In February 2023 Pauly was the co-recipient of the 2023 [[Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement]], with [[Ussif Rashid Sumaila]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=tylerprize |title=Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement |url=https://tylerprize.org/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement |language=en-US}}</ref> The award has been described as the ‘Nobel Prize for the Environment.’<ref>{{Cite web |title=UBC's Daniel Pauly and Rashid Sumaila win Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/980076 |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=EurekAlert! |language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Pauly was born in [[Paris]], [[France]].  He grew up, however, in [[La Chaux-de-Fonds|La Chaux de Fonds]], Switzerland in what was called a strange "Dickensian" childhood where he was forced to stay as a live-in servant to a new family.  For the first 16 years of his life, Pauly lived an inward life as he was mixed race in an all-white town, finding solace in books/reading and model construction.  At 16 he ran away and put himself through high school in Wuppertal, Germany after one year working with disabled people for a local church-run institution.  His work led to a scholarship to the [[University of Kiel]].

It was at the University of Kiel where Pauly decided on [[Fisheries science|fisheries biology]].  He said he wanted to work in the tropics because he felt that he would "fit in" better there. He also wanted to devote his life to an applied job where he could help people.

He did a master's degree at Kiel University at [[Gotthilf Hempel]] lab on ''"The ecology and fishery of a small West African lagoon"''.<ref>Pauly, D. 1973. Investigation on the ecology and fishery of a small West African Lagoon. M.Sc. Thesis.  In German with an English summary</ref> Pauly then spent two years conducting trawling surveys as a member of a German-Indonesian project aiming at introducing this relatively new gear.<ref>Malakoff 2002</ref> He began to write on tropical fisheries management; later his emphasis switched to global fisheries trends and conservation.

Pauly completed his Ph.D. at Kiel University in Germany supervised by Hempel, in which he established strong relationships between the surface area of gills and the growth of fishes and aquatic (gill-breathing) invertebrates.<ref>Pauly, D (1998) [http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/files/WhySquidsNotFishBetterUnderstoodPretending.pdf ''Why squids, though not fish, may be better understood by pretending they are'']{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} In: Payne AIL, Lipinkski MR, Clarke MR and Roeleveld MAC (eds). Cephalopod biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution. South African Journal of marine Science 20: 47-58</ref> His dissertation laid the foundation for his [[Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory]], which he would later develop in more detail.

[[File:Daniel Pauly, The Green Interview.webm|thumb|Daniel Pauly in conversation with [[Silver Donald Cameron]] about his work.]]
After his Ph.D., Pauly worked for 15 years at the ''International Center for Living and Aquatic Resources Management'' ([[ICLARM]]), in [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]. Early in his career at ICLARM, Pauly worked in the tropics and developed new methods for estimating [[Population dynamics of fisheries|fish populations]]. Pauly helped to design, implement, and perfect methods using length-frequency data instead of the age of fish to estimate parameters of fisheries statistics such as growth and mortality.

Later, he helped develop two major projects: ELEFAN and [[FishBase]].  ELEFAN (ELectronic Length Frequency ANalysis) made it possible to use length-frequency data to estimate the growth and mortality of fishes. [[FishBase]] is an online encyclopedia of fish and fisheries information comprising information on more than 30,000 different species. Both projects received worldwide attention and through multiple upgrades and additions, are still prominent in fisheries biology.

Through the 1990s, Pauly’s work centered on the effects of [[overfishing]]. The author of several books and more than 500 scientific papers, Pauly is a prolific writer and communicator. He developed the concept of [[shifting baselines]] in 1995 and authored the seminal paper, [[Fishing down marine food webs]], in 1998.<ref>Pauly D, V Christensen, J Dalsgaard, R Froese, and F Torres Jr. (1998) [http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/journalArticles/1998/FishingDownMarineFoodWebs.pdf ''Fishing down marine food webs''] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080221234255/http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/journalArticles/1998/FishingDownMarineFoodWebs.pdf |date=2008-02-21 }} Science 279: 860-863.</ref> For working to protect the environment, he earned a place in the "[[Scientific American]] 50" in 2003, the same year ''[[The New York Times]]'' labeled him an "iconoclast".  Pauly won the [[International Cosmos Prize]] in 2005, the [[Volvo Environment Prize]] in 2006, the Excellence in Ecology Prize and [[Ted Danson]] Ocean Hero Award in 2007, the [[Ramon Margalef Prize in Ecology and Environmental Sciences]] in 2008,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://presidencia.gencat.cat/ca/detalls/Article/2008.-Daniel-Pauly|title=2008. Daniel Pauly|access-date=2019-12-07|archive-date=2023-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507142028/https://presidencia.gencat.cat/ca/detalls/Article/2008.-Daniel-Pauly|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[Nierenberg Prize]] for Science in the Public Interest from the [[Scripps Institution of Oceanography]] in 2012.  In 2015, Pauly received the Peter Benchley Ocean Award for Excellence in Science.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-17 |title=Peter Benchley Ocean Award Recipients « Blue Frontier |url=http://www.bluefront.org/wordpress/peter-benchley-ocean-award-recipients/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817013252/http://www.bluefront.org/wordpress/peter-benchley-ocean-award-recipients/ |archive-date=17 August 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016, he was honored in Paris with the Albert Ier Grand Medal in the Science category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniel Pauly awarded the 2016 Albert Ier Grand Medal – Sea Around Us |date=22 November 2016 |url=https://www.seaaroundus.org/daniel-pauly-awarded-the-2016-albert-ier-grand-medal/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2017, he received, together with Dirk Zeller as part of the ''Sea Around Us'' leading team, the Ocean Award in the Science category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniel Pauly and Dirk Zeller win Ocean Award – Sea Around Us |date=11 January 2017 |url=https://www.seaaroundus.org/daniel-pauly-and-dirk-zeller-win-ocean-award/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Also in 2017 and specifically on French National Day, he was named Chevalier de la Légion D’Honneur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniel Pauly named Chevalier de la Légion D'Honneur – Sea Around Us |date=14 July 2017 |url=https://www.seaaroundus.org/daniel-pauly-named-chevalier-de-la-legion-dhonneur/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Pauly has written several books, including ''Darwin's Fishes''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Darwin's Fishes |url=http://stdb.hnue.edu.vn/portal/books.download.php?key=224 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=stdb.hnue.edu.vn}}</ref> (Cambridge University Press), ''Five Easy Pieces: How Fishing Impacts Marine Ecosystems'' (Island Press) and ''Gasping Fish and Panting Squids: Oxygen, Temperature and the Growth of Water-Breathing Animals.''

== Views ==
To date, he frequently expresses opinions about public policy. Specifically, he argues that governments should abolish [[subsidies]] to [[fishing fleet]]s<ref name="AAAS 2007">[[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]] (2007) [https://www.mcbi.org/what/what_pdfs/LastWildHuntPR_FinalFeb14_2007.pdf?ID=150 ''The last wild hunt – Deep-sea fisheries scrape bottom of the sea'']</ref> and establish [[Marine Protected Area|marine reserves]]. He is a member of the Board of [[Oceana (non-profit group)|Oceana]].  In a 2009 article written for ''[[The New Republic]]'', Pauly compares today's fisheries to a global [[Ponzi scheme]].<ref>[https://www.tnr.com/article/environment-energy/aquacalypse-now Aquacalypse Now, The New Republic, September 28, 2009]</ref>

==Publications==
{{scholia}}
*[https://www.seaaroundus.org/daniel-paulys-publications-with-pdfs/ Publications by Daniel Pauly]

Select publications
* Pauly D (2019) ''[https://greystonebooks.com/products/vanishing-fish Vanishing Fish: Shifting baselines and the future of global fisheries]'' Greystone Books {{ISBN|978-1-77164-398-6}}
*Cheung W. and Pauly D (2017). [[doi:10.1111/gcb.13831|Sound physiological knowledge and principles in modelling shrinking of fishes under climate change]]. Global Change Biology 24:e15–e26
*Pauly D and Zeller D (2016) [https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/legacy.seaaroundus/researcher/dpauly/PDF/2016/Nature+Comms+Catch+Reconstructions.pdf Catch reconstructions reveal that global marine fisheries catches are higher than reported and declining]. ''Nature Communications'', 1-9.
* Pauly D (2010) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fnr5IXL5EDIC ''5 easy pieces: how fishing impacts marine ecosystems'']  Island Press. {{ISBN|978-1-59726-719-9}}.
* Pauly D (2009) [https://www.tnr.com/article/environment-energy/aquacalypse-now?page=0,2 "Aquacalypse Now"] ''The New Republic'', September 28.
* Pauly D, [[Villy Christensen|Christensen V]], Guénette S, [[Tony J. Pitcher|Pitcher TJ]], [[Ussif Rashid Sumaila|Sumaila UR]], [[Carl Walters|Walters CJ]], Watson R, Zeller D (2002) [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6898/full/nature01017.html "Towards sustainability in world fisheries"] ''Nature'', '''418''': 689-695.
* Pauly D (1998) "Why squids, though not fish, may be better understood by pretending they are". In: Payne, A.I.L., Lipinkski, M.R., Clarke, M.R. and Roeleveld, M.A.C. (eds.). Cephalopod biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution. ''South African Journal of Marine Science,'' '''20''': 47-58.
* Pauly D, [[Villy Christensen|Christensen V]], Dalsgaard J, Froese R and Torres F (1998) [http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/journalArticles/1998/FishingDownMarineFoodWebs.pdf "Fishing down marine food webs"] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080221234255/http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/journalArticles/1998/FishingDownMarineFoodWebs.pdf |date=2008-02-21 }} ''Science'', '''279''': 860-863.
* Pauly D (1998) "Beyond our original horizons: the tropicalization of Beverton and Holt". ''Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,'' '''8'''(3): 307-334.
* Pauly D (1995) "Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries". ''TREE'' '''10'''(10): 430
* Pauly D and Christensen V (1995) [http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/journalArticles/1995/PrimaryProductionRequiredToSustainGlobalFisheries.pdf "Primary production required to sustain global fisheries"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418202215/http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/journalArticles/1995/PrimaryProductionRequiredToSustainGlobalFisheries.pdf |date=2008-04-18 }} ''Nature,'' '''374'''(6519): 255-257.
* Pauly D (1981) "The relationships between gill surface area and growth performance in fish: a generalization of von Bertalanffy’s theory of growth". ''Berichte der Deutschen Wissenchaftlichen Kommission für Meeresforschung,'' '''28'''(4): 251-282.
* Pauly D (1981) "On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks". ''Journal du Conseil international pour l'Exploration de la Mert,'' '''39'''(3): 175-192.
* Pauly D and David N (1981) "ELEFAN I, a BASIC, program for the objective extraction of growth parameters from length-frequency data". ''Reports on Marine Research'', pp.&nbsp;205–211.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* [http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/ Dr. Daniel Pauly biography on the UBC Fisheries Centre website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207124758/http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/ |date=2006-12-07 }}
* Grémillet, D. (2021) ''The Ocean's Whistleblower: The Remarkable Life and Work of Daniel Pauly'', trans. Georgia Lyon Froman, [[Greystone Books]]. (ISBN 9781771647540) [https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=58298 online review]
* Malakoff D (2002) [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/296/5567/458 "Daniel Pauly profile: Going to the Edge to Protect the Sea"] ''Science'', '''296''' (5567): 458–461.
* Powell, G. 2002. Lifelines: Daniel Pauly. Nature 421: 22-23

* ''[[Scientific American]]'', December 2003, p.&nbsp;59
* Yoon, C.K. 2003. [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/21/science/scientist-at-work-daniel-pauly-iconoclast-looks-for-fish-and-finds-disaster.html ''Iconoclast looks for fish and finds disaster''] The New York Times 1/21/2003

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* [https://oceans.ubc.ca/ University of British Columbia's Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries]
* [http://www.fishBase.org/ FishBase]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/21/science/scientist-at-work-daniel-pauly-iconoclast-looks-for-fish-and-finds-disaster.html/ New York Times Profile]
* [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120013107 Interview on Fresh Air] - Nov 2, 2009
* Fisherman Life (2008) [https://www.seaaroundus.org/magazines/2008/FishermanLife_AnInterviewWithDanielPauly.pdf An interview with Daniel Pauly] by Margaret Boyes
* [https://www.ecoshock.org/2007/03/ocean-fisheries-gloom-doom-daniel-pauly.html Ocean fisheries – gloom and doom]
* [https://www.ecoshock.org/downloads/ecoshock/ES_Fisheries_Daniel_Pauly.mp3 The granddad of fisheries science] audio
* [https://archive.today/20130917153210/http://illahee.org/lectures/archive/speakers/danielpaulylecture Daniel Pauly]
* [https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18324626.900-daniel-pauly.html Daniel Pauly] New Scientist.
* [https://archive.today/20121203073937/http://www.kuleuven.ac.be/patroonsfeest/2008/laudatio_pauly_EN.html Laudatio for Professor Daniel Pauly]
* [http://en.ird.fr/the-media-library/videos-on-line-canal-ird/overfishing-the-point-of-view-of-daniel-pauly/overfishing-the-point-of-view-of-daniel-pauly Video: interview with Daniel Pauly (April, 2009)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123184220/http://en.ird.fr/the-media-library/videos-on-line-canal-ird/overfishing-the-point-of-view-of-daniel-pauly/overfishing-the-point-of-view-of-daniel-pauly |date=2009-11-23 }}
* {{YouTube|A24n-HQ8sLg|Daniel Pauly's Keynote Lecture at the International Marine Conservation Congress in May 2009}}
* {{YouTube|YACTNvuijQY| Video: Daniel Pauly explains fishing down marine food webs, from 2015 web-film Troubled Waters}}
* [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=daniel-pauly-perfect-ocean Daniel Pauly: Fishing for a Perfect Ocean]  ''Scientific American,''  11 May 2009.
*[https://www.ted.com/talks/daniel_pauly_the_ocean_s_shifting_baseline ''The ocean's shifting baseline'']  Pauly's April 2010 [[TED Talk]] regarding [https://mission-blue.org ''Mission Blue'']


{{Authority control}}

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<!--Categories-->
[[Category:21st-century Canadian zoologists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Fisheries scientists]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of British Columbia]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Winners of the Ramon Margalef Prize in Ecology]]
[[Category:People from La Chaux-de-Fonds]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian zoologists]]