View source for Dating sim

{{Original research|date=June 2025}}
{{Additional citations|date=June 2024}}{{short description|Video game subgenre of simulation games}}
{{VG Simulation}}

'''Dating sims''', also known as '''dating simulation games''', are a [[Video game genres|video game subgenre]] of [[Simulation video game|simulation games]] with romantic elements. While resembling the [[visual novel]] genre in presentation, dating sims utilize an additional statistical and time management layer in their gameplay. The player is given a specific amount of time on an in-game calendar, while scheduling dates, correctly answering questions, and performing various activities will increase a certain character's attraction to the player until the player gains their love. The additional subgenre{{Vague|date=June 2025}}{{Original research?|date=June 2025}} of erotic dating sims are a form of [[eroge]], and include sexually graphic cutscenes. The idea that love can only be earned through time and attention has prompted concern that it oversimplifies romance and depicts a "[[nice guy]]" view that may lead to unrealistic expectations from women.{{Relevant?|date=June 2025}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/ratedmformatures0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Rated M for Mature: Sex and Sexuality in Video Games |date=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-62892-576-0 |editor-last=Wysocki |editor-first=Matthew |location=New York |pages=234}}</ref>

Dating sims, typically in the form of ''[[bishōjo]]'' games with a male protagonist and female supporting characters, are extremely popular in Japan, taking up a large fraction of the software market, but far less prominent elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/beyondbarbiemort0000unse_e9h2/page/n127/mode/2up |title=Beyond Barbie and Mortal Kombat: New Perspectives on Gender and Gaming |publisher=The MIT Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-262-11319-9 |editor-last=Kafai |editor-first=Yasmin B. |edition=1st |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts London |pages=101 |editor-last2=Heeter |editor-first2=Carrie |editor-last3=Denner |editor-first3=Jill |editor-last4=Sun |editor-first4=Jennifer Y.}}</ref> In Western gaming media, the "dating sim" label is often given to any game with romanceable characters, regardless of their gameplay.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} [[Parody|Parodic]] dating sims are a more recent{{When?|date=June 2025}} phenomenon, poking fun at the genre by allowing the player to date unusual characters, such as realistic but sentient birds in ''[[Hatoful Boyfriend]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rogers |first=Reece |title='Raptor Boyfriend' Proves Absurd Dating Sims Are Here to Stay |url=https://www.wired.com/story/raptor-boyfriend-absurd-dating-sims-dream-daddy/ |access-date=2025-01-28 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>

== History ==
The dating simulator genre was preceded by the [[raising simulation]] genre best codified by the ''[[Princess Maker]]'' series by [[Gainax]], which focused on [[child raising]] rather than dating.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last1=Pollack |first1=Andrew |date=1996-11-25 |title=Japan's Newest Young Heartthrobs Are Sexy, Talented and Virtual |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/25/business/japan-s-newest-young-heartthrobs-are-sexy-talented-and-virtual.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129152846/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/25/business/japan-s-newest-young-heartthrobs-are-sexy-talented-and-virtual.html |archive-date=2018-01-29 |access-date=2018-05-30 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Other games such as Sega's ''[[Girl's Garden]]'' (1985) and  JAST's ''[[Tenshitachi no Gogo]]'' (1985) include elements of dating sims, though they have more adventure/arcade gameplay.

One of the first games exclusively centered on dating was ''[[Nakayama Miho no Tokimeki High School]]'' (1987) released for the [[Famicom Disk System]], about a boy trying to date a girl at his high school who looks like pop idol [[Miho Nakayama]]. Unlike more modern dating sims, the game's plot is progressed through text choices, and as such plays more like graphical text adventures of the time (similar to games such as ''[[Famicom Detective Club]]''.)

The first game which set the standard for the dating sim genre was ''[[Dōkyūsei (video game)|Dōkyūsei]]'' (1992), which relied more on timed events than dialogue choices. ''[[Tokimeki Memorial (video game)|Tokimeki Memorial]]'' (1994) truly popularized dating sims in Japan, in which the player, a high school student has the ability to date a dozen different girls.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The National Girlfriend: The Not-So-Innocent Story of Japan's Puppy Love Video Game Phenomenon |last=Barnholt |first=Ray |publisher=Bipedal Dog |year=2012}}</ref> The goal of the developers was to hearken back to high school days. Konami director Akihiko Nagata said "the person who created the game wanted to have experiences like this back in his high school days".<ref name=":02" /> The game was a strong hit in Japan, with 1.1 million copies by 1996.<ref name=":02" />

In general, [[simulation games]] (such as ''Tokimeki Memorial'') or the [[Train simulator|train sim]] like ''[[Densha de Go!]]'' were more popular in Japan than in America which preferred more action oriented video games.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-02-17 |title=Games the World over are not the Same |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/kenosha-news-video-games/79459914/ |access-date=2024-06-08 |work=[[Kenosha News]] |pages=47}}</ref>

Games such as ''[[Sakura Wars]]'' and ''[[Persona (series)|Persona]]'' (both series started in 1996, the latter would add dating sim elements in [[Persona 3|2006]]) are RPGs with dating sim elements.

==Characteristics==
[[Image:Tokimekimemorial pccd 03.png|thumb|256px|Screenshot from the original [[PC Engine]] version of ''[[Tokimeki Memorial (video game)|Tokimeki Memorial]]'' illustrating the complex system of statistics standard of the genre]]

In a typical dating sim, the player controls a male avatar surrounded by female characters. The gameplay involves conversing with a selection of girls, attempting to increase their internal "love meter" through correct choices of dialogue. The game lasts for a fixed period of game time, such as one month or three years. When the game ends, the player either loses the game if he failed to properly win over any of the girls, or "finishes" one of the girls, often by having sex with her, marrying her (as in [[Magical Date]]), and/or achieving eternal love. This gives the games more [[replay value]], since the player can focus on a different girl each time, trying to get a different ending.

Dating sims often revolve almost entirely around relationship-building, usually featuring complex character interactions and branching [[dialogue tree]]s, and often presenting the player's possible responses word-for-word as the [[player character]] would say them. Dating sims such as ''Tokimeki Memorial'', and some role-playing games with similar relationship based mechanics to the genre such as ''[[Persona (series)|Persona]]'', often give choices that have a different number of associated "mood points" which influence a player character's relationship and future conversations with a [[non-player character]]. These games often feature a [[Persistent world|day-night cycle]] with a time scheduling system that provides context and relevance to character interactions, allowing players to choose when and if to interact with certain characters, which in turn influences their responses during later conversations.<ref name="Gamasutra">{{cite web|title=Defining Dialogue Systems|author=Brent Ellison|date=July 8, 2008|publisher=[[Gamasutra]]|url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/defining-dialogue-systems|access-date=2011-03-30|archive-date=2012-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513020622/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3719/defining_dialogue_systems.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

While [[bishōjo game]]s make up the bulk of dating sims, other types of games exist. Games where the player character is female and potential objects of affection are male are known as GxB or [[otome game]]s. Homosexual relationships are also possible, as there are games with no specific gender lines ("all pairings"). There are also [[girls' love]] games, which focus on female/female relationships, and [[boys' love]] games, which focus on male/male pairings.

There are many variations on this theme: high-school romances are the most common, but a dating sim may also take place in a fantasy setting and involve such challenges as defending one's girl from monsters.

One game series that often includes dating, with the goal of marriage, is the [[farm life sim]] series ''[[Harvest Moon series|Harvest Moon]]''. The subplot of dating is more focused towards choosing one of several girls or guys (dependent on the player character's gender) and offering them presents or joining them on events in the game. The ''[[Star Ocean]]'' series of RPGs also feature dating sim elements in a similar manner.

Some Japanese dating sims may allow the player to have romantic or sexual relationships with characters in their teens.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} The degree of sexual content varies, but may often include intercourse. Sexually explicit dating sims may fall into the category of [[H Game]] or [[Eroge]]. Eroge only gets released to PC because large Japanese game companies do not want to release games with sexual content on their game consoles. Because of this, Eroge companies make a censored all-ages (15+) version of the PC version for various consoles. Censored versions often contain additional endings and added scenes to compensate for the absence of sexual scenes.{{Citation needed|date=December 2014}}

These games also often involve raising stats that reflect the player's skills and can be combined with other genres. Series such as ''[[Sakura Wars]]'' and ''[[Persona (series)|Persona]]'' combine [[role-playing game]] (RPG) gameplay with dating sim gameplay.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lebowitz |first=Josiah |url=https://archive.org/details/interactivestory00lebo |title=Interactive Storytelling for Video Games: a Player-centered Approach to Creating Memorable Characters and Stories |date=2011 |publisher=Focal Press |others=Klug, Chris |isbn=9780240817187 |location=Burlington, MA |pages=[https://archive.org/details/interactivestory00lebo/page/n57 45] |oclc=706802880 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

== Examples ==
* ''[[Girl's Garden]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Tenshitachi no Gogo]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Nakayama Miho no Tokimeki High School]]'' (1987)
* [[Dōkyūsei (video game series)|''Dōkyūsei'' series]] (1992 onwards)
* [[Tokimeki Memorial (series)|''Tokimeki Memorial'' series]] (1994 onwards)
* ''[[True Love (video game)|True Love]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Magical Date]]'' (1996)
* [[Sakura Wars|''Sakura Wars'' series]] (1996 onwards)
* ''[[Thousand Arms]]'' (1998)
* [[Persona (series)|''Persona'' series]] (2006 onwards)
* ''[[Summer Session]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Amagami]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Love Plus]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Conception (video game)|Conception]]'' (2012 onwards)
* ''[[Hatoful Boyfriend]]'' (2012 onwards)
* ''[[Boyfriend Maker (Smartphone App)|Boyfriend Maker]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Mystic Messenger]]'' (2016)
* ''[[House Party (video game)|House Party]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Monster Prom]]'' (2018)
* ''[[I Love You, Colonel Sanders!]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Eternights]]'' (2023)

==See also==
* [[Bishōjo game]]
* [[Eroge]]
* [[Harem (genre)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{VideoGameGenre}}
{{Dating sims and visual novels}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dating Sim}}
[[Category:Dating sims| ]]
[[Category:Visual novels]]
[[Category:Video game genres]]