View source for De Nederlandsche Bank

{{Short description|Central bank of the Netherlands}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox central bank
|name = De Nederlandsche Bank
|logo = De Nederlandsche Bank logo.svg
|image = File:Amsterdam DNB.jpg
|headquarters = [[Amsterdam]]
|established =  {{Start date and age|df=yes|1814|3|25}}
|president = [[Olaf Sleijpen]]
|bank_of = the [[Netherlands]]
|currency_iso =
|reserves = 8 840 million USD<ref name="dnbinfo">{{cite web |last1=Weidner |first1=Jan |title=The Organisation and Structure of Central Banks |url=https://d-nb.info/1138787981/34 |website=Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek|year=2017|format=PDF}}</ref>
<!--DO NOT add info on currency, rates, printer or mints, as these are controlled by ECB -->
|website = {{url|dnb.nl}}
| preceded =
|succeeded = [[European Central Bank]] (1999)<sup>1</sup>
|footnotes = <sup>1</sup> De Nederlandsche Bank still exists but many functions have been taken over by the ECB.
}}
'''De Nederlandsche Bank''' ({{IPA|nl|də ˈneːdərlɑntsə bɑŋk}}, {{lit|The Dutch Bank}}, abbr. '''DNB''') is the [[National central bank (Eurosystem)|national central bank]] for the [[Netherlands]] within the [[Eurosystem]]. It was the Dutch [[central bank]] from 1814 to 1998, issuing the [[Dutch guilder|guilder]]. It was originally founded by [[William I of the Netherlands|King William I]], and has been since transformed into a state-owned [[public limited company]] ({{langx|nl|[[naamloze vennootschap]]}}, abbreviated NV).

Whereas it is governed under a national framework of accountability, De Nederlandsche Bank increasingly implements policies set at the [[European Union]] level. In addition to its Eurosystem role, it is the national competent authority for Austria within [[European Banking Supervision]].<ref>{{cite web |accessdate={{date|2025-11-19}} |website=ECB Banking Supervision |url=https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/organisation/nationalsupervisors/html/index.en.html |title=National supervisors}}</ref> It is a voting member of the respective Boards of Supervisors of the [[European Banking Authority]] (EBA)<ref>{{cite web |website=European Banking Authority |url=https://www.eba.europa.eu/members-and-observers |accessdate={{date|2025-11-19}} |title=Members and Observers}}</ref> and [[European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority]] (EIOPA).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/about/governance-structure/board-supervisors_en |website=EIOPA |accessdate={{date|2025-11-19}} |title=Board of Supervisors}}</ref> It is Austria's designated [[National Resolution Authority]] and plenary session member of the [[Single Resolution Board]] (SRB).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.srb.europa.eu/en/national-resolution-authorities |website=Single Resolution Board |accessdate={{date|2025-11-19}} |title=National Resolution Authorities}}</ref> It provides the permanent single common representative for Austria in the Supervisory composition of the General Board of the [[Anti-Money Laundering Authority]] (AMLA).<ref>{{cite web |website=AMLA |url=https://www.amla.europa.eu/governance/general-board/general-board-supervisory-composition_en |date={{date|2025-11-13}} |title=General Board in Supervisory composition}}</ref>

==History==
On 2 May 1998, the European heads of state or government decided that the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) would begin on 1 January 1999 with eleven member states of the European Union (EU), the Netherlands included. As from 1 June 1998, the Dutch central bank, De Nederlandsche Bank, forms part of the [[European System of Central Banks]] (ESCB). On the same day, the new Bank Act (of 1998) came into force. Nearly 185 years into its existence, the Nederlandsche Bank entered a new phase.

== Tasks ==

Under the 1998 Bank Act – replacing that of 1948 – the bank has the following tasks:

* Within the framework of the ESCB, the bank shall contribute to the definition and implementation of monetary policy within the European Community (EC). The bank has the objective to maintain price stability. Without prejudice to this objective, the bank shall support the general economic policy in the EC.
* The bank shall hold and manage the official foreign reserves, and shall conduct foreign-exchange operations.
* The bank shall collect statistical data and produce statistics.
* The bank shall promote the smooth operation of payment systems; it shall take care of the banknote circulation.
* The bank shall supervise banks, investment institutions and exchange offices.
* The bank may, subject to permission by royal decree, perform other tasks in the public interest. The European Central Bank (ECB) may also ask the bank to perform extra tasks.

The first two tasks – also known as the ESCB tasks – ensue entirely from the Maastricht Treaty. Decisions in these areas are taken at the European level by the ECB Governing Council, on which the president of the Nederlandsche Bank has a seat. Promoting the smooth operation of payment systems has both a European and a national dimension. The statistical task is also partly ESCB-related and partly a national concern. The DNB is responsible for international macro-economic statistical analysis for countries outside the EU.<ref>{{Cite SSRN|last=Ahmed|first=Asif|date=2 July 2010|title=Analysis of the Mission Statement of the Commercial Banks of Bangladesh|ssrn=1633225}}</ref> These two tasks will not be transferred to ESCB level at the start of EMU. Here the Nederlandsche Bank remains fully in control. However, in a Europe where economies are becoming increasingly interlocked, many banking supervisory rules are drawn up at the international level. DNB serves as the banker's bank to general Dutch banks.

One of the government appointed members of the [[Social-Economic Council]] is always a representative of DNB.

==Head office==
[[File:Klaas Knot, Octavian Armașu & Pierre Wunsch.jpg|thumb|Current DNB gorvenor [[Klaas Knot]] metting with fellow bank gorvenors [[Octavian Armașu]] ([[National Bank of Moldova|NBM]]) and {{ill|Pierre Wunsch|nl}} ([[National Bank of Belgium|NBB]]), April 2022]]
The bank was established from the start on {{ill|Oude Turfmarkt|nl}}, where it occupied 17th-century houses. In the 1860s, a purpose-built head office, designed by architect {{ill|Willem Anthonie Froger|nl}}, was erected on the same location and inaugurated in 1869. Nearly a century later in 1968, as the bank has left the building for its new seat, it was taken over by the [[University of Amsterdam]] which had long been established just nearby, and subsequently repurposed as the location of the [[Allard Pierson Museum]], which opened there in October 1976.<ref>{{cite web |website=Allard Pierson Museum |title=Our Buildings |url=https://allardpierson.nl/en/about-us/our-buildings/ |access-date=1 October 2022 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526135438/https://allardpierson.nl/en/about-us/our-buildings/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the 1960s, a new head office complex was constructed on {{ill|Frederiksplein (Amsterdam){{!}}Frederiksplein|nl|Frederiksplein (Amsterdam)}} and inaugurated by [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Queen Juliana]] in May 1968. Architect {{ill|Marius Duintjer|nl}}'s stark design of 1961 consisted on a low square base and a rectangular office tower. In the late 1980s, as the bank was running out of space, it was complemented with a second, round tower designed in 1984 by architects {{ill|Jelle Abma|nl}} and Marc a Campo, the construction of which was finished in 1989.<ref>{{citation |title=Kachel hoeft in nieuwe toren vrijwel niet aan |trans-title=Heating hardly needs to be used in new tower |date=20 September 1989 |work=Het Parool |page=9|volume=49 |issue=13676}}</ref> In 2008, Marc a Campo designed a further extension by adding an extra floor to the square base. In a comprehensive renovation during the early 2020s, the round tower was demolished and the base remodeled to return the building to an exterior appearance more similar to the original one of the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web |website=De Nederlandsche Bank |title=Renovation of DNB's head office |url=https://www.dnb.nl/en/about-us/renovation-of-dnb-s-head-office/ }}</ref>

<gallery>
File:De Nederlandsche Bank, Oude Turfmarkt 127-129, met links de kraamkliniek in aanbouw.jpg|DNB head office at time of inauguration, 1869
File:Nederlandsche Bank.jpg|Old head office in 2006, repurposed as [[Allard Pierson Museum]]
File:Bouw van het nieuwe kantoor van de Nederlandse Bank aan het Frederiksplein vanaf, Bestanddeelnr 915-5861.jpg|Construction works, 1963
File:Overzicht Frederiksplein, Bestanddeelnr 920-2053.jpg|New head office complex, 1967
File:Bouw van de toren van de Nederlandse Bank te Amsterdam, Bestanddeelnr 934-4915.jpg|Construction of round tower, 1989
File:NederlandscheBank.jpg|Late-1980s extension, photographed in 2004
File:Hekwerk DNB 2018 (2).jpg|Street-level fence, 2018
File:De Nederlandsche Bank (2025), Westeinde side.jpg|De Nederlandsche Bank, after finishing the refurbishment, 2025
File:Zadkine La Demeure Humaine 2025.jpg|La Demeure Humaine by [[Ossip Zadkine]], at the DNB entrance
</gallery>

== List of presidents ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=3|President of De <br/> Nederlandsche Bank
!Term of office
!Previous experience(s)
!Party
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
|
|[[Paul Iwan Hogguer]]
|1814-1816
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
|
|[[Jan Hodshon]]
|1816-1827
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
|
|[[Jaques Teysset]]
|1827-1828
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
|
|[[Jacob Fock]]
|1828-1835
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
| [[File:Willem Ferdinand Mogge Muilman (1778-1849). President van de Nederlandse Bank Rijksmuseum SK-A-728.jpeg|120px|Willem Mogge Muilman]]
|[[Willem Mogge Muilman]]
|1835-1844
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
|
|[[Abraham Fock]]
|1844-1858
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
|
|[[Hendrik Croockewit]]
|1858-1863
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
|
|[[Willem Mees]]
|1863-1884
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Liberal Union (Netherlands)}};"|
| [[File:NicolaasPierson.jpg|120px|Nicolaas Pierson]]
|[[Nicolaas Pierson]]
|1885-1891
|
|[[Liberal Union (Netherlands)|Liberal Union]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
| [[File:Portrait of Norbertus van den Berg by Jan Veth.jpg|120px|Norbertus van den Berg]]
|[[Norbertus van den Berg]]
|1891-1912
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
| [[File:VisseringMerkelbach1920.jpg|120px|Gerard Vissering]] 
|[[Gerard Vissering]]
|1912-1931
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
| [[File:Leonardus Trip.jpg|120px|Leonardus Trip]]
|[[Leonardus Trip]]
|1931–1941
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Fascist Party}};"|
| [[File:Meinoud_Rost_van_Tonningen_Anefo.jpg|120px|Meinoud Rost van Tonningen]]
|[[Meinoud Rost van Tonningen]]
|1941-1945
|
|[[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands|National Socialist Movement]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|

| [[File:Leonardus Trip.jpg|120px|Leonardus Trip]]
|[[Leonardus Trip]]
|1945–1946
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
| [[File:Marius Wilhelm Holtrop (1967).jpg|120px|Marius Holtrop]]
| <br/> [[Marius Holtrop]] <br/> <small>(1902–1988)</small>
| 1 May 1946 – <br/> 1 May 1967 <br/> <small>({{Age in years and days|1946|05|01|1967|05|01}})</small>
| 
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Anti Revolutionary Party}};"|
| rowspan=2|[[File:Jelle Zijlstra 1980 (1).jpg|120px|Jelle Zijlstra]]
| rowspan=2|<br/> [[Jelle Zijlstra]] <br/> <small>(1918–2001)</small>
| rowspan=2|1 May 1967 – <br/> 1 January 1982 <br/> <small>({{Age in years and days|1967|05|01|1982|01|01}})</small>
| rowspan=2|[[List of Ministers of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Economic Affairs]] <br/> <small>(1952–1959)</small> <br/> [[List of Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands|Minister of Finance]] <br/> <small>(1958–1963) (1966–1967)</small> <br/> [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Prime Minister]] <br/> <small>(1966–1967)</small>
| [[Anti-Revolutionary Party]] <br/> <small>(1967–1980)</small>
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Appeal}};"|
| [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] <br/> <small>(1980–1982)</small>
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Labour Party (Netherlands)}};"|
| [[File:Dr. W.F. Duisenberg (op Schiphol), Bestanddeelnr 931-8478.jpg|120px|Wim Duisenberg]] 
| <br/> [[Wim Duisenberg]] <br/> <small>(1935–2005)</small>
| 1 January 1982 – <br/> 1 July 1997 <br/> <small>({{Age in years and days|1982|01|01|1997|06|01}})</small>
| [[List of Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands|Minister of Finance]] <br/> <small>(1973–1977)</small>
| [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Appeal}};"|
| [[File:Nout Wellink.jpg|120px|Nout Wellink]] 
| <br/> [[Nout Wellink]] <br/> <small>(born 1943)</small>
| 1 July 1997 – <br/> 1 July 2011 <br/> <small>({{Age in years and days|1997|07|01|2011|07|01}})</small>
| [[Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)|Treasurer–General]] <br/> <small>(1977–1981)</small>
| [[Christian Democratic Appeal]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
| [[File:Klaas Knot (born 1967) at World Economic Forum Davos 2022 (cropped).png|thumbtime=2:37|179x179px|Klaas Knot]]
| <br/> [[Klaas Knot]] <br/> <small>(born 1967)</small>
| 1 July 2011 – <br/> 30 June 2025 <br/> <small>({{Age in years and days|2011|07|01}})</small>
| 
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
| 
| <br/> [[Olaf Sleijpen]] <br/> <small>(born 1970)</small>
| 1 July 2025 – <br/> ''Incumbent'' <br/> <small>({{Age in years and days|2025|07|01}})</small>
| 
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Banks}}
* [[Economy of the Netherlands]]
* [[Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten]]
* [[Central Bank of Aruba]]
* [[Bank of Java]]
* [[Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets]]
* [[List of central banks]]
* [[List of financial supervisory authorities by country]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.dnb.nl Official website of De Nederlandsche Bank]
*{{PM20|FID=co/063511|TEXT=Documents and clippings about|NAME=}}

{{Netherlands topics}}
{{Central banks of the European Union}}
{{Members of Euro Banking Association}}
{{Central banks by country}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord|52|21|31.40|N|4|54|0.0|E|region:NL_type:landmark|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nederlandsche Bank}}
[[Category:Government-owned companies of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Banks based in Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Skyscrapers in Amsterdam]]
[[Category:European System of Central Banks|Netherlands]]
[[Category:Eurosystem|Netherlands]]
[[Category:Central banks]]
[[Category:Banks established in 1814]]
[[Category:1814 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Financial regulatory authorities of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:European Banking Supervision|Netherlands]]
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