View source for Decane

{{Other uses|Dečane (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Decene|Decyne}}
{{short description|Alkane hydrocarbon; component of gasoline (petrol) and kerosene}}
{{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464188665
| Name = 
| ImageFile = Decane-2D-Skeletal.svg
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSize = 250
| ImageClass = skin-invert
| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of decane
| ImageFile1 = DecaneFull.png
| ImageFile1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSize1 = 250
| ImageClass1 = skin-invert
| ImageAlt1 = Skeletal formula of decane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
| ImageFile2 = Decane 3D ball.png
| ImageClass2 = bg-transparent
| ImageSize2 = 250
| ImageFile2_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageAlt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the decane molecule
| OtherNames = Decyl hydride
| PIN = Decane<ref>{{Cite web|title=decane - Compound Summary|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/15600|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=5 January 2012|location=USA|date=16 September 2004|at=Identification and Related Records}}</ref>
| SystematicName = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 124-18-5
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = NK85062OIY
| PubChem = 15600
| ChemSpiderID = 14840
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| EINECS = 204-686-4
| UNNumber = 2247
| DrugBank = DB02826
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| MeSHName = decane
| ChEBI = 41808
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 134537
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| RTECS = HD6550000
| Beilstein = 1696981
| SMILES = CCCCCCCCCC
| StdInChI = 1S/C10H22/c1-3-5-7-9-10-8-6-4-2/h3-10H2,1-2H3
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C = 10
| H = 22
| Appearance = Colorless liquid
| Odor = Gasoline-like (in high concentrations)  
| Density = 0.730 g mL<sup>−1</sup>
| MeltingPtK = 242.7 to 243.9
| BoilingPtK = 446.9 to 447.5
| LogP = 5.802
| VaporPressure = 195 Pa<ref name="Yaws">{{cite book |last1=Yaws |first1=Carl L.|title= Chemical Properties Handbook|year= 1999|publisher= McGraw-Hill|location= New York|isbn= 0-07-073401-1|pages= 159–179}}</ref>
| HenryConstant = 2.1 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>
| RefractIndex = 1.411–1.412
| ThermalConductivity = 0.1381 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> (300 K)<ref>Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.</ref>
| Viscosity = {{plainlist|
* 0.850 mPa·s (25&nbsp;°C)<ref name="Dymond1994">{{cite journal|last1=Dymond|first1=J. H.|last2=Oye|first2=H. A.|title=Viscosity of Selected Liquid n-Alkanes|journal=Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data|volume=23|issue=1|year=1994|pages=41–53|issn=0047-2689|doi=10.1063/1.555943|bibcode=1994JPCRD..23...41D }}</ref>
* 0.920 mPa·s (20&nbsp;°C)}}
| MagSus = −119.74·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −302.1 – −299.9 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| DeltaHc = −6779.21 – −6777.45 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Entropy = 425.89 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
| HeatCapacity = 315.46 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = Flammable, moderately toxic
| ExternalSDS = [http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/d0136.htm hazard.com]
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}} {{GHS health hazard}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER'''
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|226|302|304|305}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|301+310|331}}
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 2
| NFPA-R = 0
| FlashPtC = 46.0
| AutoignitionPtC = 210.0
| ExploLimits = 0.8–2.6%
| LD50 = {{Unbulleted list|>2 g kg<sup>−1</sup> <small>(dermal, rabbit)</small>|601 mg/kg<sup>−1</sup> <small>(oral, rat)</small>}}
}}
| Section5 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = alkanes
| OtherFunction = {{Unbulleted list|[[Nonane]]|[[Undecane]]}}
}}
| Section6 = 
}}
'''Decane''' is an [[alkane]] [[hydrocarbon]] with the [[chemical formula]] C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub>.  Although 75 structural [[isomer]]s are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("''n''-decane"), with the formula CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>8</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>.  All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition.<ref name="Isomers">{{cite web | title=75 Isomers of Decane | website=The Third Millennium Online! | url=http://www.3rd1000.com/chem301/decane.htm | language=la | access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> These isomers  are [[flammable]] [[liquid]]s. Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in [[gasoline]] (petrol) and [[kerosene]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name|url = http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ny-Pi/Petroleum.html|website = www.chemistryexplained.com|access-date = 2016-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=n-Decane (Annotation) |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/63#section=Other-Environmental-Concentrations-(Complete) |website=Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>  Like other alkanes, it is a [[nonpolar]] solvent, and does not dissolve in [[water]], and is readily combustible.  Although it is a component of [[fuel]]s, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.<ref name="Griesbaum">{{citation | last1=Griesbaum | first1=Karl | last2=Behr | first2=Arno | last3=Biedenkapp | first3=Dieter | last4=Voges | first4=Heinz-Werner | last5=Garbe | first5=Dorothea | last6=Paetz | first6=Christian | last7=Collin | first7=Gerd | last8=Mayer | first8=Dieter | last9=Höke | first9=Hartmut | title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry | chapter=Hydrocarbons | publisher=Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA | publication-place=Weinheim, Germany | date=15 June 2000 | doi=10.1002/14356007.a13_227 | page=| isbn=3527306730 }}</ref>

==Reactions==
Decane undergoes [[combustion]], just like other [[alkanes]]. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form [[water]] and [[carbon dioxide]].

:2 C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub>  +  31 O<sub>2</sub>  →  20 CO<sub>2</sub>  +  22 H<sub>2</sub>O
With insufficient oxygen, [[carbon monoxide]] is also formed.

It can be manufactured in the laboratory without fossil fuels.<ref>{{cite web | title=Method for preparing n-decane at normal pressure | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101987805A/en }}</ref>

==Physical properties==
It has a [[surface tension]] of 0.0238 N·m<sup>−1</sup>.<ref name="KRÜSS">''[http://www.kruss.de/en/theory/substance-properties/liquids.html Website of Krüss] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201023708/http://www.kruss.de/en/theory/substance-properties/liquids.html |date=2013-12-01 }}'' (8.10.2009)</ref>

==See also==
* [[Higher alkanes]]
* [[List of isomers of decane]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/DE/decane.html Material Safety Data Sheet for Decane] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123020257/http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/DE/decane.html |date=23 January 2011}}
* [http://www.intox.org/databank/documents/chemical/decane/cie252.htm CHEMINFO Decane] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061105223535/http://www.intox.org/databank/documents/chemical/decane/cie252.htm |date=5 November 2006}}

{{Alkanes}}
{{Hydrides by group}}

[[Category:Alkanes]]