View source for Delta Virginis

{{Short description|Star in the constellation Virgo}}

{{Starbox begin
 | name = δ Virginis<br>(Minelauva)
}}
{{Starbox image
 | image=
{{Location mark
|image=Virgo constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=280
|label=|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=10|mark_link=δ Virginis
|x=520|y=382
}}
|caption=Location of δ Virginis (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe
 | epoch    = J2000
 | ra       = {{RA|12|55|36.20861}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | dec      = {{DEC|+3|23|50.8932}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | appmag_v = 3.32 - 3.40<ref name=mnras400_4_1945/>
 | constell = [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
}}
{{Starbox character
 | type      = [[asymptotic giant branch|AGB]]<ref name=Eggen1992/>
 | class     = M3+ III<ref name=Keenan1989/>
 | b-v       = +1.565<ref name=aaass22_9/>
 | u-b       = +1.825<ref name=aaass22_9/>
 | variable  = [[Semiregular variable star|Semiregular]]<ref name=mnras400_4_1945/>
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
 | radial_v  = {{val|-18.14|0.55}}<ref name=aj135_1_209/>
 | prop_mo_ra  = −469.99<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | prop_mo_dec = −52.83<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | parallax  = 16.44
 | p_error   = 0.22
 | parallax_footnote = <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | dist_footnote = <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | absmag_bol  = {{val|-2.4|0.3}}<ref name=aaa489_3_1271/>
}}
{{Starbox detail
 | mass     = {{val|1.19|0.2}}<ref name=halabi/>
 | radius   = {{val|67.4|1}}<ref name=baines2021/>
 | luminosity  = 697<ref name=Lee2023/>
 | temperature = 3,643<ref name=halabi/>
 | gravity  = 0.8<ref name=Lee2023/>
 | metal_fe = −0.06<ref name=Lee2023/>
 | rotational_velocity = 8.1<ref name=Lee2023/>
 | age_gyr  =
}}
{{Starbox catalog
 | names = Minelauva, [[Flamsteed designation|43]] Virginis, [[Bonner Durchmusterung|BD]]+04°2669, [[Fifth Fundamental Catalogue|FK5]] 484, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]] 112300, [[Hipparcos catalogue|HIP]] 63090, [[Harvard Revised catalogue|HR]] 4910, [[Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue|LTT]] 13714, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]] 119674, [[Washington Double Star Catalog|WDS]] 12556+0324<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}
{{Starbox reference
|Simbad=del+Vir
}}
{{Starbox end}}
'''Delta Virginis''' ('''δ Virginis''', abbreviated '''Del Vir''', '''δ Vir'''), formally named '''Minelauva''' {{IPAc-en|,|m|I|n|@|'|l|ɔː|v|@}},<ref name="IAU-LSN"/> is a [[star]] in the [[zodiac]] [[constellation]] of [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]. With an [[apparent visual magnitude]] of 3.4,<ref name=aaass22_9/> this star is bright enough to be seen with the [[naked eye]]. It is located at a distance of about {{Convert|200|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}} from Earth.

== Nomenclature ==
''δ Virginis'' ([[Latinisation of names|Latinised]] to ''Delta Virginis'') is the star's [[Bayer designation]].

It bore the traditional, [[medieval]] names ''Auva'' and ''Minelauva''<ref name=hoffleit/> from the [[Arabic]] من العواء ''min al-ʽawwāʼ'', meaning "in the [[lunar mansion]] of ''ʽawwaʼ''" (a name of unknown meaning).<ref name=Kunitzsch/> In 2016, the IAU organized a [[IAU Working Group on Star Names|Working Group on Star Names]] (WGSN)<ref name="WGSN"/> to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name ''Minelauva'' for this star on 30 June 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.<ref name="IAU-LSN"/>

This star, along with [[Beta Virginis]] (Zavijava), [[Gamma Virginis]] (Porrima), [[Eta Virginis]] (Zaniah) and [[Epsilon Virginis]] (Vindemiatrix), were ''Al ʽAwwāʼ'', 'the Barker'.<ref name=sb0/>

In [[Chinese astronomy|Chinese]], {{lang|zh|太微左垣}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán}}), meaning ''[[Supreme Palace enclosure|Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure]]'', refers to an [[asterism (astronomy)|asterism]] consisting of Delta Virginis, Eta Virginis, Gamma Virginis, Epsilon Virginis and [[Alpha Comae Berenices]].<ref name=zh/> Consequently, the [[Chinese star names|Chinese name]] for Delta Virginis itself is {{lang|zh|太微左垣三}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán sān}}, {{langx|en|the Third Star of Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure}}),<ref name=lcsd/> representing {{lang|zh|東次相}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Dōngcìxiāng}}), meaning 'The Second Eastern Minister'.<ref name=SEM/> 東次相 (Dōngcìxiāng), westernized into ''Tsze Seang'' by R.H. Allen and meaning "the Second Minister of State".<ref name=pue/>

== Properties ==
The [[stellar spectrum|spectrum]] of Delta Virginis matches a [[stellar classification]] of M3&nbsp;III,<ref name=Keenan1989/> which places it among the category of [[stellar evolution|evolved]] stars called [[red giant]]s. Indeed, the [[stellar atmosphere|outer atmosphere]] of this star has expanded to around 67 times the radius [[solar radius|of the Sun]].<ref name=baines2021/> Even though it has just 1.19 times the mass [[solar mass|of the Sun]],<ref name=halabi/> this wide envelope gives it a luminosity of nearly 700 times [[solar luminosity|the Sun's]].<ref name="Lee2023"/> This energy is being radiated from a relatively cool outer atmosphere that has an [[effective temperature]] of 3,643&nbsp;K.<ref name=halabi/> It is this cool temperature that gives it the orange-red glow of an [[Stellar classification#Class M|M-type]] star.<ref name=csiro/>

[[File:DeltaVirLightCurve.png|thumb|left|A [[light curve]] for Delta Virginis, plotted from ''[[Hipparcos]]'' data<ref name="CDS"/>]]
The outer envelope of this star is undergoing a type of pulsation that occurs in a class of [[variable star]]s known as [[semiregular variable]]s and its brightness varies from magnitude +3.32 to +3.40.<ref name=mnras400_4_1945/> Based upon [[frequency analysis]] of the observed light curve, the star's variability exhibits multiple periods of pulsation. The detected periods are 13.0, 17.2, 25.6, 110.1 and 125.8 days.<ref name=mnras400_4_1945/> This is a [[high-velocity star]] with a [[peculiar velocity]] of more than {{nowrap|30 km s<sup>−1</sup>}} relative to the mean motion of other stars in the vicinity.<ref name=aaa430_165/>

Delta Virginis is a possible [[binary star]], as an 11th magnitude star is located at an [[angular separation]] of 80 [[arcsecond]]s. This [[Stellar classification#Class K|K-type]] dwarf may have an [[orbital period]] of over 200,000 years, but this has not been confirmed.<ref name=kaler/>
{{clear left}}

==Substellar companion==
A 2023 study detected [[radial velocity]] variations in Delta Virginis (HD 112300), showing evidence of a substellar companion, likely a [[brown dwarf]].<ref name="Lee2023"/>

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin
| table_ref = <ref name="Lee2023"/>
| period_unit = day
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = b
| mass = {{val|15.83|2.33|2.74|p=≥}}
| radius = 
| semimajor = {{val|1.33|0.08|0.11}}
| period = {{val|466.63|1.47|1.28}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.36|0.06|0.11}}
| inclination = 
}}
{{Orbitbox end}}

==References==
{{reflist||refs=

<ref name=pue>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Virgo*.html Richard Hinckley Allen: Star Names — Their Lore and Meaning: Virgo] 13 July 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2022.</ref>

<ref name=SEM>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/e_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm#SupremePalaceEnclosure English-Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Name] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810114313/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/e_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm#SupremePalaceEnclosure |date=August 10, 2010 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed online November 23, 2010.</ref>

<ref name=lcsd>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_ama_b.htm 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811014924/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_ama_b.htm |date=2010-08-11 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed online November 23, 2010.</ref>

<ref name=zh>{{in lang|zh}} ''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.</ref>

<ref name="WGSN">{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref>

<ref name=Keenan1989>{{Cite journal |last=Keenan |first=Philip C. |last2=McNeil |first2=Raymond C. |date=1989-10-01 |title=The Perkins Catalog of Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars |bibcode=1989ApJS...71..245K |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=71 |pages=245 |doi=10.1086/191373 |issn=0067-0049}} [https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=III/150&Name=HD%20112300 Delta Virginis' database entry] at [[VizieR]].</ref>

<ref name=Kunitzsch>{{cite book  |last1=Kunitzsch |first1=Paul  |last2=Smart |first2=Tim  |date = 2006  |edition = 2nd rev.  |title = A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations  |publisher = Sky Pub |location = Cambridge, Massachusetts  |isbn = 978-1-931559-44-7}}</ref>

<ref name="IAU-LSN">{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/ | title=Naming Stars |publisher=IAU.org |access-date=16 December 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="CDS">{{cite web
 | url=https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/ftp-index?/ftp/cats/more/HIP/cdroms/cats
 | website=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | title=/ftp/cats/more/HIP/cdroms/cats
 | publisher=Strasbourg astronomical Data Center |access-date=15 October 2022}}</ref>

<ref name=baines2021>{{Cite journal|last1=Baines|first1=Ellyn K.|last2=Thomas Armstrong|first2=J.|last3=Clark|first3=James H.|last4=Gorney|first4=Jim|last5=Hutter|first5=Donald J.|last6=Jorgensen|first6=Anders M.|last7=Kyte|first7=Casey|last8=Mozurkewich|first8=David|last9=Nisley|first9=Ishara|last10=Sanborn|first10=Jason|last11=Schmitt|first11=Henrique R.|date=November 2021|title=Angular Diameters and Fundamental Parameters of Forty-four Stars from the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=162|issue=5 |pages=198|bibcode=2021AJ....162..198B|doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ac2431|arxiv=2211.09030 |s2cid=238998021 |issn=0004-6256 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{citation | first=F. | last=van Leeuwen |date=November 2007 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |arxiv = 0708.1752 | s2cid=18759600 }}</ref>

<!-- <ref name=aaa352_495>{{citation | last1=Mallik | first1=Sushma V. | title=Lithium abundance and mass | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=352 | pages=495–507 |date=December 1999 | bibcode=1999A&A...352..495M }}</ref> -->

<ref name=halabi>{{cite journal|bibcode=2015MNRAS.451.2957H|arxiv=1507.01517|title=Exploring masses and CNO surface abundances of red giant stars|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=451|issue=3|pages=2957|last1=Halabi|first1=Ghina M.|last2=Eid|first2=Mounib El|year=2015|doi=10.1093/mnras/stv1141|doi-access=free |s2cid=118707332}}</ref>

<ref name=aj135_1_209>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Massarotti | first1=Alessandro | last2=Latham | first2=David W. | last3=Stefanik | first3=Robert P. | last4=Fogel | first4=Jeffrey | title=Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=135 | issue=1 | pages=209–231 |date=January 2008 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209 | bibcode=2008AJ....135..209M | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=aaass22_9>{{citation | last1=Celis S. | first1=L. | title=Photoelectric photometry of late-type variable stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series | volume=22 | pages=9–17 |date=October 1975 |bibcode = 1975A&AS...22....9C }}</ref>

<ref name=SIMBAD>{{citation | title=del Vir -- Variable Star | work=SIMBAD | publisher=[[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg]] | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Delta+Virginis | access-date=2012-02-07 }}</ref>

<ref name=sb0>{{citation | last=Allen | first=R. H. | year=1963 | author-link=Richard Hinckley Allen | title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning | url=https://archive.org/details/starnamestheirlo00alle/page/469 | access-date=2010-12-12 | edition=Reprint | publisher=Dover Publications Inc | location=New York, NY | isbn=((0-486-21079-0)) | page=[https://archive.org/details/starnamestheirlo00alle/page/469 469] | url-access=registration }}</ref>

<ref name=mnras400_4_1945>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Tabur | first1=V. | last2=Bedding | first2=T. R. | last3=Kiss | first3=L. L. | last4=Moon | first4=T. T. | last5=Szeidl | first5=B. | last6=Kjeldsen | first6=H. | title=Long-term photometry and periods for 261 nearby pulsating M giants | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=400 | issue=4 | pages=1945–1961 |date=December 2009 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15588.x | doi-access=free | bibcode=2009MNRAS.400.1945T |arxiv = 0908.3228 | s2cid=15358380 }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa430_165>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Famaey | first1=B. | last2=Jorissen | first2=A. | last3=Luri | first3=X. | last4=Mayor | first4=M. | last5=Udry | first5=S. | last6=Dejonghe | first6=H. | last7=Turon | first7=C. | title=Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | year=2005 | volume=430 | pages=165–186 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20041272 | bibcode=2005A&A...430..165F |arxiv = astro-ph/0409579 | s2cid=17804304 }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa489_3_1271>{{citation | last1=Tsuji | first1=T. | title=Cool luminous stars: the hybrid nature of their infrared spectra | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=489 | issue=3 | pages=1271–1289 |date=October 2008 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:200809869 | bibcode=2008A&A...489.1271T |arxiv = 0807.4387 | s2cid=19007399 }}</ref>

<ref name=csiro>{{citation |title=The Colour of Stars |date=December 21, 2004 |work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education |publisher=[[Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation]] |url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |access-date=2012-01-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318151427/http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |archive-date=2012-03-18 }}</ref>

<ref name=kaler>{{citation | first1=James B. | last1=Kaler | title=Delta Virginis | work=Stars | publisher=[[University of Illinois]] | url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/deltavir.html | access-date=2012-02-07 }}</ref>

<ref name=hoffleit>{{cite journal | bibcode=1995yCat.5050....0H | title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991) | journal=VizieR On-line Data Catalog: V/50. Originally Published in: 1964BS....C......0H | volume=5050 | last1=Hoffleit | first1=D. | last2=Warren | first2=W. H. | year=1995 }}</ref>

<ref name=Eggen1992>{{citation | last1=Eggen | first1=Olin J. | title=Asymptotic giant branch stars near the sun | journal=Astronomical Journal | postscript=. | volume=104 | issue=1 | pages=275–313 | date=July 1992 | doi=10.1086/116239 | bibcode=1992AJ....104..275E }}</ref>

<ref name="Lee2023">{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Byeong-Cheol |last2=Do |first2=Hee-Jin |display-authors=etal |date=July 2023 |title=Long-period radial velocity variations of nine M red giants: The detection of sub-stellar companions around HD 6860 and HD 112300 |journal=[[Astronomy & Astrophysics]] |volume= 678|issue= |pages= |doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/202243725|arxiv=2307.15897|bibcode=2023A&A...678A.106L }}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.alcyone.de/SIT/mainstars/SIT000836.htm Alcyone ephemeris]

{{Virgo}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Delta Virginis}}
[[Category:M-type giants]]
[[Category:K-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Asymptotic-giant-branch stars]]
[[Category:Semiregular variable stars]]
[[Category:Double stars]]
[[Category:Virgo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Bayer objects|Virginis, Delta]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects|BD+04 2669]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Virginis, 043]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|063090]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|4910]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|112300]]
[[Category:Stars with proper names|Minelauva]]
[[Category:TIC objects|411188061]]
[[Category:Planetary systems with one confirmed planet]]
[[Category:Brown dwarfs]]