View source for Demographics of Belgium

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox place demographics
| place              = the [[Kingdom of Belgium]]
| image              = File:Belgium 2023 population pyramid.svg
| image_size         = 350
| caption            = Population pyramid of Belgium in 2022
| size_of_population = 11,763,650 (January 2024) [[List of countries and dependencies by population|82nd]]
| growth             = 0.54% (2021 est.)
| birth              = 9.4 births/1,000 population (2023)
| death              = 9.8 deaths/1,000 population (2021)
| life               = 82.28 years (2023 est.)<ref name='hble'>{{cite web|title=Life expectancy|url=https://www.healthybelgium.be/en/health-status/life-expectancy-and-quality-of-life/life-expectancy|date =2024|publisher=Healthy Belgium}}</ref>
| life_male          = 80.18 years (2023)<ref name='hble'/>
| life_female        = 84.30 years (2023)<ref name='hble'/>
| fertility          = {{DecreaseNegative}} 1.47 children born/woman (2023)<ref>{{cite news |date=29 July 2024|url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2024/07/29/birth-rate-in-belgium-at-its-lowest-level-in-81-years |title=Birth rate in Belgium at its lowest level in 81 years |work=[[VRT (broadcaster)]] }}</ref>
| age_0-14_years     = 16.1% (male 857,373/female 822,303)
| age_15-64_years    = 66.3% (male 3,480,072/female 3,419,721)
| age_65_years       = 17.6% (male 760,390/female 1,074,477) (2009 est.)
| total_mf_ratio     = 0.96 male(s)/female
| sr_at_birth        = 1.04 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
| sr_under_15        = 1.04 male(s)/female
| sr_15-64_years     = 1.02 male(s)/female
| sr_65_years_over   = 0.72 male(s)/female
| nation             = ''noun'': [[Belgians|Belgian(s)]] ''adjective'': Belgian
| major_ethnic       = {{unbulleted list
|64% [[Belgians]]
{{Tree list}}
** 37.1% [[Flemish people|Flemish]]
** 20.1% [[Walloons|Walloon]]
** 6.8% [[Demographics of Brussels|Brussels residents]]{{Tree list/end}}
}}
| minor_ethnic       = [[Italians]] (4.2%), [[Moroccans]] (3.7%), [[French people]] (3.2%), [[Turkish people]] (2.0%),
[[Dutch people]] (1.9%), [[Arabs]] (1.9%), [[Romanians]] (1.7%), [[Poles (people)|Poles]] (1.5%), [[Spaniards]] (1.3%), [[Germans]] (1.2%), [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]] (1.2%), [[Portuguese people]] (1.1%), [[Syrians]] (1%), [[Afghans]] (0.9%), [[Ukrainians]] (0.8%)
| minorities         = 
| infant_mortality   = 3.24 (2021 est.)
| official           = [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]]}}

[[File:Population density in Belgium.png|350px|thumb|Population density in Belgium by [[Arrondissements of Belgium|arrondissement]]]]

[[Demographic]] features of the [[population]] of [[Belgium]] include [[ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects. All figures are from the National Institute for Statistics unless otherwise indicated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statbel.fgov.be/nl/statistieken/cijfers/bevolking/index.jsp|title=Bevolking – Statistieken & Analyses – Home|website=Statbel.fgov.be|access-date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309101458/http://statbel.fgov.be/nl/statistieken/cijfers/bevolking/index.jsp|archive-date=9 March 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|type =
|percentages=pagr
|footnote = Source: [[Our World in Data]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Belgium Population |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population?time=0..latest&country=~BEL |website=Our World in Data |language=en}}</ref> [[Statistics Belgium]], 2018<ref name=Population>{{cite web |title=Chiffre global de la population par commune Situation au 1/11/2018 |url=http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/fr/pop/statistiques/stat-1-1_f.pdf |website=www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be |quote=[[Statistics Belgium]], [[Federal Public Service Economy]] |access-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701010802/http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/fr/pop/statistiques/stat-1-1_f.pdf |archive-date=1 July 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref><!-- Belgium does not work with censuses and estimates but has an always up-to-date population register, with official data for 1 January of each year. Monthly updated statistics are available via http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/Registre/nl/statistieken_bevolking/stat_1_n.pdf -->
|1000 | 400000
|1100 | 600000
|1200 | 900000
|1300 | 1250000
|1400 | 800000
|1500 | 1250000
|1600 | 1500000
|1700 | 1750000
|1800 | 3500000
|1846 | 4337196
|1856 | 4529460
|1866 | 4827833
|1876 | 5336185
|1880 | 5520009
|1890 | 6069321
|1900 | 6693548
|1910 | 7423784
|1920 | 7465782
|1930 | 8092004
|1947 | 8512195
|1961 | 9189741
|1970 | 9650944
|1981 | 9848647
|1991 | 9978681
|2001 | 10296350
|2011 | 11000638
|2021 | 11521238
}}

As of January 1, 2024, Belgium had a population of 11,763,650 and is the [[List of countries and dependencies by population|81st most populous]] country in the world. The population of Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels on January 1, 2024 was 6,821,770 (58.0% of Belgium), 3,692,283 (31.4% of Belgium) and 1,249,597 (10.6% of Belgium), respectively. The population density of Belgium is {{convert|383|/km2|abbr=on}} as of January 1, 2024, making it the [[List of countries and dependencies by population density|38th most densely populated]] country in the world, and the [[Area and population of European countries|7th most densely populated]] country in [[Europe]]. The most densely populated province is [[Antwerp province|Antwerp]], the least densely populated province is [[Luxembourg (Belgium)|Luxembourg]].<ref>[https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/structure-population Structure of the Population], STATBEL</ref>

As of January 1, 2020, Belgium had a population of 11,492,641, as compared to 2010 (10,839,905 people) an increase of about 653,000. 2010 compared to 2000 (10,239,085 people), an increase of about 601,000 people. 2000 compared to 1990 (9,947,782 people), an increase of about 291,000 people.

The following demographic statistics are from the World Population Review in 2019.<ref name="WPR2008">{{citation |title=World Population Review: Belgium Population 2018 |date=14 June 2018 |url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/belgium-population/}}</ref>[[File:Population development of Belgium.svg|thumb|300px|Historic population development of Belgium]]
*One birth every 4 minutes
*One death every 5 minutes
*One net migrant every 12 minutes
*Net gain of one person every 9 minutes


{{Chart|definition=Belgium Total Population.chart|data=Belgium Total Population.tab|Width=500}}
{{Chart|definition=Belgium Population Change.chart|data=Belgium Population Change.tab|Width=500}}
{{Chart|definition=Belgium TFR.chart|data=Belgium TFR.tab|Width=500}}

=== Fertility ===
The total fertility rate (TFR) gradually increased during the last decade from 1.60 in 1997, 1.65 in 2002 and 1.82 in 2007. The rates in Brussels are higher than the national average (1.79 in 1997, 1.93 in 2002 and 2.09 in 2007), while they are below the average in Flanders (1.54 in 1997, 1.56 in 2002 and 1.77 in 2007), due to the higher percentage of non-European immigrants with higher birth rates in Brussels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vruchtbaarheidscijfers volgens verstreken leeftijd van de moeder |url=http://statbel.fgov.be/nl/statistieken/cijfers/bevolking/geboorten_vruchtbaarheid/vruchtbaarheidsindicatoren/verstreken/index.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113191750/http://statbel.fgov.be/nl/statistieken/cijfers/bevolking/geboorten_vruchtbaarheid/vruchtbaarheidsindicatoren/verstreken/index.jsp |archive-date=2010-11-13 |access-date=2011-03-19}}</ref>

The [[total fertility rate]] is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: [[Our World In Data]] and [[Gapminder Foundation]].<ref name="ourworldindata.org">{{citation |author=Max Roser |title=Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last two centuries |date=2014 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800&country=BEL |work=[[Our World In Data]], [[Gapminder Foundation]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !!1830!!1831!!1832!!1833!!1834!!1835!!1836!!1837!!1838!!1839!!1840<ref name="ourworldindata.org" />
|-
| align="left" |Total Fertility Rate in Belgium|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.72|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.77|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.82|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.87|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.92|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.97|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.97|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.98|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.98|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.99|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |5
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !!1841!!1842!!1843!!1844!!1845!!1846!!1847!!1848!!1849!!1850<ref name="ourworldindata.org" />
|-
| align="left" |Total Fertility Rate in Belgium|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.94|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.88|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.82|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.76|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.7|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.64|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.58|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.51|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.45|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.38
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !!1851!!1852!!1853!!1854!!1855!!1856!!1857!!1858!!1859!!1860<ref name="ourworldindata.org" />
|-
| align="left" |Total Fertility Rate in Belgium|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.32|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.25|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.18|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.25|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.31|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.38|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.44|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.51|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.53|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.56
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !!1861!!1862!!1863!!1864!!1865!!1866!!1867!!1868!!1869!!1870<ref name="ourworldindata.org" />
|-
| align="left" |Total Fertility Rate in Belgium|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.58|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.61|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.63|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.66|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.68|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.71|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.73|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.76|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.78|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.8
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !!1871!!1872!!1873!!1874!!1875!!1876!!1877!!1878!!1879!!1880<ref name="ourworldindata.org" />
|-
| align="left" |[[Total Fertility Rate]] in Belgium|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.83|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.85|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.87|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.85|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.83|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.82|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.8|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.78|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.75|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.71
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !!1881!!1882!!1883!!1884!!1885!!1886!!1887!!1888!!1889!!1890<ref name="ourworldindata.org" />
|-
| align="left" |Total Fertility Rate in Belgium|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.68|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.64|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.61|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.55|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.49|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.42|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.36|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.3|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.27|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.25
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !!1891!!1892!!1893!!1894!!1895!!1896!!1897!!1898!!1899<ref name="ourworldindata.org" />
|-
| align="left" |Total Fertility Rate in Belgium|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.22|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.2|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.17|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.13|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.09|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.06|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.02|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |3.98|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |3.91
|}
'''Total fertility rate;''' 1.71 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 160th

'''Birth rate;''' 11.03 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 175th

'''Mother's mean age at first birth;''' 29 years (2018 est.)

=== Life expectancy ===

According to estimation of the [[Statistics Belgium]] (Statbel), [[life expectancy]] at birth in Belgium in 2023 was '''82.28''' years ('''80.18''' years for male and '''84.30''' years for female).<ref name="healthy_Belgium" /><ref name="statbel" />

According to alternative estimation of the [[World Bank Group]], in 2023 life expectancy in Belgium was 82.4 years (80.3 for male, 84.6 for female).<ref name="wbg_total">{{cite web|title=Life expectancy at birth, total – India|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=IN|publisher=[[World Bank Group]]}}</ref>

Estimation of the [[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs|United Nations]] for 2023: 82.11 years total (79.86 for male, 84.33 for female).<ref name="un_prospects">{{cite web |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |title=World Population Prospects 2024 |publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]] |format=XLSX |lang=en |date=27 July 2024 |access-date=23 June 2025 |archive-date=11 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |url-status=dead }} — see file "Compact (most used: estimates and medium projections)"</ref>

Estimation of [[Eurostat]] for 2023: 82.5 years total (80.4 for male, 84.5 for female).<ref>{{cite web|title=Life expectancy at birth by sex |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/tps00205 |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |language=en |date=5 June 2025 |access-date=24 June 2025}} — Dataset</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Life expectancy at birth by sex |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00205/default/table |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |language=en |date=5 June 2025 |access-date=24 June 2025}} — Table. For visualization use the tab "[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00205/default/map Map]"</ref>

According to estimation of the [[World Health Organization|WHO]] for 2019, at that year life expectancy in Belgium was 81.4 years (79.3 years for male and 83.5 years for female). And [[healthy life expectancy]] was 70.6 years (69.8 years for male and 71.3 years for female).<ref name="who" />

In 2021-2023 period, the difference in life expectancy between the most prosperous and disadvantaged provinces was 4.09 years. In 2020-2022, this difference was 4.23 years.<ref name="healthy_Belgium" /><ref name="statbel" />

==== Statistics by province ====
Belgium is [[Communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium|administratively divided]] into 3 regions: [[Flemish Region]], [[Wallonia|Walloon Region]] and a separate [[Brussels|Brussels Capital Region]]. In turn, Flemish and Walloon regions are divided into five provinces each. The table below contains average values for 3-year periods. The values are rounded, all calculations were done on raw data. By default, the table is sorted by the 2022-2024 period.<br>
Data source: [[Statistics Belgium]]<ref name="healthy_Belgium">{{cite web|title=Life expectancy |url=https://www.healthybelgium.be/en/health-status/life-expectancy-and-quality-of-life/life-expectancy |publisher=For a healthy Belgium |language=en |date=4 August 2025 |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="statbel">{{cite web|title=Life expectancy and life tables |url=https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/mortality-life-expectancy-and-causes-death/life-expectancy-and-life-tables |publisher=[[Statistics Belgium]] |language=en |date=9 July 2025 |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref>

[[File:Provinces of Belgium with CoA-en.svg|thumb|300px|Administrative division of Belgium]]

{{static row numbers}}{{mw-datatable}}{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable static-row-numbers col1left col6right col11right" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle;"|[[Provinces of Belgium|province]]<br>or [[Communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium#Regions|region]]
! colspan=4|2020-2022
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle;width:4em;border-left-width:2px;"|{{tooltip|change 1|Change in overall life expectancy between periods}}
! colspan=4|2021-2023
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle;width:4em;border-left-width:2px;"|change 2
! colspan=4 style="border-left-width:2px;"|2022-2024
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|{{tooltip|overall|All population on average}}
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|male
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|female
! style="vertical-align:middle;"|{{tooltip|F <small>Δ</small> M|Difference in life expectancy for female and male}}
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;border-left-width:2px;"|overall
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|male
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|female
! style="vertical-align:middle;"|F <small>Δ</small> M
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;border-left-width:2px;"|overall
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|male
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|female
! style="vertical-align:middle;"|F <small>Δ</small> M
|-
|-class=static-row-header
| '''[[Belgium|Belgium on average]]''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| '''81.38''' ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| '''79.10''' ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| '''83.62''' || '''4.52''' ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| '''0.50''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| '''81.87''' ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| '''79.66''' ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| '''84.04''' || '''4.38''' ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| '''—''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| '''—''' ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| '''—''' ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| '''—''' || '''—'''
|-
| [[Limburg (Belgium)|Limburg]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.46 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.53 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.41 || 3.88 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.37 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.83 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.92 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.74 || 3.83 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.98 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 83.81 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 82.04 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.54 || 3.51
|-
| [[Flemish Brabant]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.93 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.81 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.99 || 4.18 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.44 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 83.37 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 81.29 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.37 || 4.08 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.28 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 83.65 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 81.72 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.50 || 3.78
|-
| [[East Flanders]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.19 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 79.99 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.36 || 4.37 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.31 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.50 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.34 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.62 || 4.28 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.61 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 83.11 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 81.09 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.06 || 3.97
|-
| [[Antwerp Province|Antwerp]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.34 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.44 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.23 || 3.79 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.46 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.80 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.95 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.60 || 3.65 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.29 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 83.09 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 81.33 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.81 || 3.48
|-
| [[West Flanders]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.29 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.04 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.57 || 4.53 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.40 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.69 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.48 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.91 || 4.44 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.29 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.98 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.88 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.07 || 4.19
|-
| [[Walloon Brabant]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.48 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.28 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.52 || 4.25 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.44 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.92 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.74 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.93 || 4.19 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.05 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.97 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.83 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.93 || 4.10
|-
| [[Brussels]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 80.82 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 78.19 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 83.27 || 5.08 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.86 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 81.68 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 79.13 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.01 || 4.88 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.29 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 81.97 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 79.51 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.21 || 4.70
|-
| [[Luxembourg (Belgium)|Belgian Luxembourg]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 80.07 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.56 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.67 || 5.11 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.25 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.32 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.78 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.91 || 5.14 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.32 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.63 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 78.26 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 83.05 || 4.79
|-
| [[Namur Province|Namur]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 79.78 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.17 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.39 || 5.22 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.52 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.30 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.87 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.66 || 4.79 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.32 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.62 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 78.34 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.82 || 4.48
|-
| [[Liège Province|Liège]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 79.49 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.13 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 81.83 || 4.71 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.75 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.24 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.99 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.42 || 4.44 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.23 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.47 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 78.37 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.50 || 4.13
|-
| [[Hainaut Province|Hainaut]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 78.70 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 75.87 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 81.48 || 5.61 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.58 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 79.28 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 76.48 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.00 || 5.52 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.35 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 79.63 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 76.90 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.29 || 5.39
|-class=static-row-header
| '''[[Flanders|Flanders on average]]''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| '''82.43''' ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| '''80.35''' ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| '''84.50''' || '''4.15''' ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| '''0.39''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| '''82.82''' ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| '''80.78''' ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| '''84.83''' || '''4.05''' ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| '''—''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| '''—''' ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| '''—''' ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| '''—''' || '''—'''
|-class=static-row-header
| '''[[Wallonia|Wallonia on average]]''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| '''79.61''' ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| '''77.04''' ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| '''82.14''' || '''5.11''' ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| '''0.57''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| '''80.18''' ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| '''77.68''' ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| '''82.61''' || '''—''' ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| '''—''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| '''—''' ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| '''—''' ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| '''—''' || '''—'''
|}

{{Multiple image|total_width = 1164
| align        = left
| direction    = horizontal
| image1       = Life expectancy map of Belgium 2020-2022 with names.png
| image2       = Life expectancy map of Belgium 2021-2023 with names.png
| image3       = Life expectancy map of Belgium 2022-2024 with names.png
| footer_align = left
| footer       = Life expectancy in Belgian provinces in periods, given in the table<ref name="healthy_Belgium" /><ref name="statbel" /> (legends on the maps are identical)
}}

{{clear|left}}

==== Statistics by region ====
{{mw-datatable}}{{sort under}}{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sort-under col1left col7right col9right col11right col13right" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle;"|[[Communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium#Regions|Region]]
! colspan=4|2023
! colspan=9 style="border-left-width:2px;"|Historical data
! rowspan=2 style="border-left-width:2px; text-align:middle;"|{{nobr|Recovery from}}<br>[[COVID-19]]:<br>2019→2023
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;width:4em;"|All
! style="vertical-align:middle;width:3.5em;"|Male
! style="vertical-align:middle;width:3.5em;"|Female
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:2.5em;"|{{tooltip|Sex<br>gap|Difference in life expectancy for female and male}}
! style="border-left-width:2px; vertical-align:middle; width:4em; padding-left:1em;"|2019
! style="text-align:left;"|{{tooltip|2019<br>→2020|Change of life expectancy from 2019 to 2020}}
! style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;"|2020
! style="text-align:left;"|2020<br>→2021
! style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;"|2021
! style="text-align:left;"|2021<br>→2022
! style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;"|2022
! style="text-align:left;"|2022<br>→2023
! style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;"|2023
|-
| [[Flanders]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 83.17 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 81.26 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.03 ||style="background:#fff8dc;"| 3.77 ||style="border-left-width:2px;padding-left:1em;"| 82.70 ||style="color:crimson;"| −0.70 || 82.00 ||style="color:darkgreen;"| 0.68 || 82.68 ||style="color:crimson;"| −0.06 || 82.62 ||style="color:darkgreen;"| 0.55 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 83.17 ||style="color:darkgreen;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.47
|-
| '''Belgium''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| '''82.28''' ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| '''80.18''' ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| '''84.30''' ||style="background:#fff8dc;"| '''4.12''' ||style="border-left-width:2px;padding-left:1em;"| '''81.83''' ||style="color:crimson;"| '''−1.04''' || '''80.79''' ||style="color:darkgreen;"| '''0.86''' || '''81.65''' ||style="color:darkgreen;"| '''0.04''' || '''81.69''' ||style="color:darkgreen;"| '''0.59''' ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| '''82.28''' ||style="color:darkgreen;border-left-width:2px;"| '''0.45'''
|-
| [[Brussels]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.18 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 79.73 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.41 ||style="background:#fff8dc;"| 4.68 ||style="border-left-width:2px;padding-left:1em;"| 81.59 ||style="color:crimson;"| −1.98 || 79.61 ||style="color:darkgreen;"| 1.67 || 81.28 ||style="color:darkgreen;"| 0.31 || 81.58 ||style="color:darkgreen;"| 0.59 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.18 ||style="color:darkgreen;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.59
|-
| [[Wallonia]] ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 80.64 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 78.25 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.94 ||style="background:#fff8dc;"| 4.69 ||style="border-left-width:2px;padding-left:1em;"| 80.28 ||style="color:crimson;"| −1.33 || 78.94 ||style="color:darkgreen;"| 0.93 || 79.87 ||style="color:darkgreen;"| 0.14 || 80.02 ||style="color:darkgreen;"| 0.63 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 80.64 ||style="color:darkgreen;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.37
|}

Data source: [[Statistics Belgium]]<ref name="healthy_Belgium" /><ref name="statbel" />

==== Historical data ====
[[File:Life-expectancy, 1841 to 2023, BEL.svg|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy]] in Belgium since 1841]]
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Belgium -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Belgium since 1960 by gender]]
Sources: [[Our World In Data]] and the [[United Nations]].

'''1841–1950'''
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1841
!1842
!1843
!1844
!1845
!1846
!1847
!1848
!1849
!1850<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Life expectancy |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?year=1810 |access-date=2018-08-28 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref>
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|40.3
|38.6
|40.4
|41.9
|41.0
|37.8
|35.1
|38.0
|35.0
|42.3
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1851
!1852
!1853
!1854
!1855
!1856
!1857
!1858
!1859
!1860<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|41.9
|41.8
|41.3
|39.7
|37.4
|40.9
|40.4
|40.1
|38.9
|45.1
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1861
!1862
!1863
!1864
!1865
!1866
!1867
!1868
!1869
!1870<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|41.2
|43.1
|41.3
|39.8
|37.7
|32.4
|43.0
|42.5
|42.6
|40.9
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1871
!1872
!1873
!1874
!1875
!1876
!1877
!1878
!1879
!1880<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|34.3
|40.0
|43.5
|44.7
|42.1
|43.7
|44.5
|44.2
|43.8
|42.4
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1881
!1882
!1883
!1884
!1885
!1886
!1887
!1888
!1889
!1890<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|44.4
|45.5
|44.9
|44.2
|45.4
|43.3
|46.0
|44.9
|45.0
|44.1
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1891
!1892
!1893
!1894
!1895
!1896
!1897
!1898
!1899
!1900<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|44.0
|43.1
|44.4
|46.6
|45.4
|48.0
|48.8
|48.1
|46.5
|46.5
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1901
!1902
!1903
!1904
!1905
!1906
!1907
!1908
!1909
!1910<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|49.4
|49.1
|49.2
|49.3
|49.9
|49.6
|51.0
|49.6
|50.6
|51.3
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1911
!1912
!1913
!1919
!1920<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|49.2
|52.3
|52.4
|49.8
|53.6
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1921
!1922
!1923
!1924
!1925
!1926
!1927
!1928
!1929
!1930<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|54.7
|55.1
|56.7
|57.4
|57.1
|56.9
|57.1
|57.4
|55.0
|57.1
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1931
!1932
!1933
!1934
!1935
!1936
!1937
!1938
!1939
!1940<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|58.4
|58.5
|58.7
|60.3
|59.9
|59.9
|60.0
|60.1
|60.0
|55.9
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Years
!1941
!1942
!1943
!1944
!1945
!1946
!1947
!1948
!1949
!1950<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Life expectancy in Belgium
|58.9
|59.1
|60.3
|56.9
|58.4
|61.9
|63.4
|64.9
|65.4
|66.3
|}

'''1950–2015'''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
|-
|1950–1955
|67.8
|1985–1990
|75.3
|-
|1955–1960
|69.5
|1990–1995
|76.4
|-
|1960–1965
|70.3
|1995–2000
|77.4
|-
|1965–1970
|70.7
|2000–2005
|78.4
|-
|1970–1975
|71.5
|2005–2010
|79.6
|-
|1975–1980
|72.7
|2010–2015
|80.5
|-
|1980–1985
|73.9
|2015–2020
|81.44
|}

=== Age structure ===
[[File:Belgium from 1950 to 2020 population pyramid.gif|thumb|444x444px|Population pyramid of Belgium from 1950 to 2020]]

:''0–14 years:'' 17.22% (male 1,033,383/female 984,624)
:''15–24 years:'' 11.2% (male 670,724/female 642,145)
:''25–54 years:'' 39.23% (male 2,319,777/female 2,278,450)
:''55–64 years:'' 13.14% (male 764,902/female 775,454)
:''65 years and over:'' 19.21% (male 988,148/female 1,263,109)

'''Median age in 2020 (estimation)'''; total: 41.6 years.

: male: 40.4 years
: female: 42.8 years

=== Density ===
'''Urbanization;''' urban population: 98.1% of total population (2020)

:rate of urbanization: 0.62% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

== Vital statistics ==
[[File:Belgium Population 1950-2021 Forecast 2022-2032 UN World Population Prospects 2022.svg|thumb|[[Population]], [[fertility rate]] and [[net reproduction rate]] since 1950, United Nations estimates|500x500px]]
Source: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Structure of the Population {{!}} Statbel |url=https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/structure-population |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=statbel.fgov.be}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rothenbacher |first=Franz |title=The European population, 1850-1945 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan London |year=2002 |pages=}}</ref><ref name="cia.gov">{{citation |title=World Factbook EUROPE : BELGIUM |date=February 4, 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belgium/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mitchell |first=Brian |title=International Historical Statistics Europe 1750–1988 |publisher=Stockton Press |year=1992 |pages=78, 91}}</ref> 

Territorial changes in [[German-speaking Community of Belgium|East-Belgium]] occurred in 1940 (Germany re-annexed [[Eupen-Malmedy]] to Germany after the [[German invasion of Belgium (1940)|invasion of Belgium]]) and 1944 (Return to Belgium)

Notable events in Belgian demographics:
* 1866 – [[1863–1875 cholera pandemic|Cholera pandemic]]
* 1914-1919 – [[World War I]]
* 1940-1944 – [[World War II]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! width="80pt"|Average population (January 1)
! width="80pt"|Live births
! width="80pt"|Deaths
! width="80pt"|Natural change
! width="80pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1,000)
! width="80pt"|Crude death rate (per 1,000)
! width="80pt"|Natural change (per 1,000)
! width="80pt"|Crude migration change (per 1,000)
! width="80pt"|[[Total Fertility Rate|Total fertility rates]]{{refn|group=fn|In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases. }}<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/><ref>{{citation |author=Max Roser |title=Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries |date=2014 |work=[[Our World In Data]], [[Gapminder Foundation]] |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800&country=BEL |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807185751/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800&country=BEL |archive-date=7 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|1840
|
|138,142
|103,902
|34,240
|
|
|
|
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|1841
|
|138,135
|97,108
|41,027
|
|
|
|
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|1842
|
|135,027
|103,068
|31,959
|
|
|
|
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|1843
|
|132,911
|97,055
|35,856
|
|
|
|
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|1844
|
|133,976
|94,911
|39,065
|
|
|
|
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|1845
|
|137,012
|97,783
|39,229
|
|
|
|
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|1846
|
|119,610
|107,835
|11,775
|
|
|
|
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|1847
|
|118,106
|120,168
| style="color: red" | -2,062
|
|
|
|
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|1848
|
|120,383
|108,287
|12,096
|
|
|
|
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|1849
|
|133,185
|121,462
|11,723
|
|
|
|
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|1850
| style="color: red" |4,403,222
|131,416
|92,820
|38,596
|29.8
|21.1
|8.7
| 1.8
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.38
|-
|1851
|4,449,733
|134,382
|94,779
|39,603
|30.2
|21.3
|8.9
| 1.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.32
|-
|1852
|4,494,811
|134,395
|96,189
|38,206
|29.9
|21.4
|8.5
| -0.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.25
|-
|1853
|4,532,434
|127,815
|100,166
|27,649
|28.2
|22.1
|6.1
| 1.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.18
|-
|1854
|4,566,802
|131,981
|103,210
|28,771
|28.9
|22.6
|6.3
| 0.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.25
|-
|1855
|4,596,081
|125,933
|112,604
|13,329
|27.4
|24.5
|2.9
| -9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.31
|-
|1856
|4,568,264
|134,307
|97,304
|37,003
|29.4
|21.3
|8.1
| -11.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.38
|-
|1857
|4,553,349
|143,430
|103,361
|40,069
|31.5
|22.7
|8.8
| 1.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.44
|-
|1858
|4,600,217
|144,907
|108,105
|36,802
|31.5
|23.5
|8.0
| 2.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.51
|-
|1859
|4,647,212
|149,640
|111,533
|38,107
|32.2
|24.0
|8.2
| 3.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.53
|-
|1860
|4,701,611
|144,810
|93,092
|51,718
|30.8
|19.8
|11.0
| 0.8
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.56
|-
|1861
|4,757,126
|147,471
|106,560
|40,911
|31.0
|22.4
|8.6
| 2.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.58
|-
|1862
|4,809,411
|145,725
|100,036
|45,689
|30.3
|20.8
|9.5
| 2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.61
|-
|1863
|4,864,794
|155,673
|107,998
|47,675
|32.0
|22.2
|9.8
| 0.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.63
|-
|1864
|4,916,796
|155,862
|116,036
|39,826
|31.7
|23.6
|8.1
| 1.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.66
|-
|1865
|4,962,461
|156,318
|122,573
|33,745
|31.5
|24.7
|6.8
| -18.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.68
|-
|1866
|4,906,092
|157,976
|151,108
|6,868
|32.2
|style="color: red" |30.8
|1.4
| -10.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.71
|-
|1867
|4,862,814
|157,069
|105,523
|51,546
|32.3
|21.7
|10.6
|3.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.73
|-
|1868
|4,929,719
|156,237
|107,454
|48,783
|31.7
|21.8
|9.9
|2.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.76
|-
|1869
|4,991,490
|158,071
|109,813
|48,258
|31.8
|22.0
|9.8
| 3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.78
|-
|1870
|5,054,581
|164,460
|118,283
|46,177
|32.6
|23.4
|9.2
| 0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.80
|-
|1871
|5,100,753
|158,723
|145,378
|13,345
|31.1
|28.6
|2.5
| 5.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.83
|-
|1872
|5,144,359
|167,474
|120,427
|47,047
|32.5
|23.4
|9.1
| 4.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.85
|-
|1873
|5,214,416
|170,365
|112,554
|57,811
|32.7
|21.6
|11.1
| 4.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.87
|-
|1874
|5,295,214
|174,104
|109,588
|64,516
|style="color: blue" |32.9
|20.7
|12.2
| 1.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.85
|-
|1875
|5,369,786
|175,604
|122,396
|53,208
|32.7
|22.8
|9.9
| -10
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.83
|-
|1876
|5,369,562
|176,655
|116,583
|60,072
|style="color: blue" |32.9
|21.7
|11.2
| -10.3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.82
|-
|1877
|5,374,458
|175,081
|114,500
|60,581
|32.6
|21.3
|11.3
| 1.8
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.80
|-
|1878
|5,444,835
|172,727
|117,240
|55,487
|31.7
|21.5
|10.2
| 1.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.78
|-
|1879
|5,506,897
|174,044
|121,152
|52,892
|31.7
|22.0
|9.7
| -5.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.75
|-
|1880
|5,528,432
|171,992
|123,311
|48,681
|31.1
|22.3
|8.8
| -4.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.71
|-
|1881
|5,552,928
|175,473
|117,167
|58,306
|31.6
|21.1
|10.5
| 1.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.68
|-
|1882
|5,620,522
|176,474
|114,088
|62,386
|31.4
|20.3
|11.1
| 0.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.64
|-
|1883
|5,688,002
|174,618
|119,448
|55,170
|30.7
|21.0
|9.7
| 1.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.61
|-
|1884
|5,752,883
|176,633
|120,810
|55,823
|30.7
|21.0
|9.7
| 1.8
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.55
|-
|1885
|5,819,118
|175,168
|117,554
|57,614
|30.1
|20.2
| 0.8
|2.0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.49
|-
|1886
|5,881,627
|175,261
|124,693
|50,568
|29.8
|21.2
|8.6
| 1.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.42
|-
|1887
|5,942,359
|175,302
|115,278
|60,024
|29.5
|19.4
|10.1
| 0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.36
|-
|1888
|6,002,393
|175,880
|121,249
|54,631
|29.3
|20.2
|9.1
| 0.8
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.30
|-
|1889
|6,061,921
|177,612
|120,027
|57,585
|29.3
|19.8
|9.5
| -6.3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.27
|-
|1890
|6,081,560
|176,366
|126,498
|49,868
|29.0
|20.8
|8.2
| -4.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.25
|-
|1891
|6,102,883
|181,868
|128,275
|53,593
|29.8
|21.1
|8.8
| 1.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.22
|-
|1892
|6,165,900
|177,576
|133,815
|43,761
|28.8
|21.7
|7.1
| 3.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.20
|-
|1893
|6,228,814
|183,113
|125,820
|57,293
|29.4
|20.2
|9.2
|2.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.17
|-
|1894
|6,302,115
|181,497
|118,482
|63,015
|28.8
|18.8
|10.0
| 1.8
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.13
|-
|1895
|6,376,371
|183,002
|124,969
|58,033
|28.7
|19.6
|9.1
| 3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.09
|-
|1896
|6,453,335
|188,433
|113,576
|74,857
|29.2
|17.6
|11.6
| 2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.06
|-
|1897
|6,541,240
|191,013
|113,822
|77,191
|29.2
|17.4
|11.8
| 1.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.02
|-
|1898
|6,628,163
|190,906
|113,000(e)
|77,906
|28.8
|17.1
|11.7
| 0.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.98
|-
|1899
|6,707,132
|194,507
|113,000(e)
|81,507
|29.0
|16.9
|12.1
| -10.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.91
|-
| 1900
| align="right" | 6,719,000
| align="right" | 193,230
| align="right" | 126,633
| align="right" | 66,597
| align="right" | 28.8
| align="right" | 18.8
| align="right" | 9.9
| −5.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.84
|-
| 1901
| align="right" | 6,747,000
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 199,068
| align="right" | 113,136
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 85,932
| 29.5
| align="right" | 16.8
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 12.7
| 2.3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.79
|-
| 1902
| align="right" | 6,848,000
| align="right" | 195,076
| align="right" | 116,075
| align="right" | 79,001
| align="right" | 28.5
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" | 11.5
| 2.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.73
|-
| 1903
| align="right" | 6,941,000
| align="right" | 191,563
| align="right" | 115,884
| align="right" | 75,679
| align="right" | 27.6
| align="right" | 16.7
| align="right" | 10.9
| 1.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.68
|-
| 1904
| align="right" | 7,030,000
| align="right" | 191,067
| align="right" | 117,097
| align="right" | 73,970
| align="right" | 27.2
| align="right" | 16.7
| align="right" | 10.5
| 2.0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.63
|-
| 1905
| align="right" | 7,118,000
| align="right" | 186,665
| align="right" | 115,486
| align="right" | 71,179
| align="right" | 26.2
| align="right" | 16.2
| align="right" | 10.0
| 1.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.57
|-
| 1906
| align="right" | 7,200,000
| align="right" | 185,508
| align="right" | 115,514
| align="right" | 69,994
| align="right" | 25.8
| align="right" | 16.0
| align="right" | 9.7
| 1.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.52
|-
| 1907
| align="right" | 7,278,000
| align="right" | 184,371
| align="right" | 112,656
| align="right" | 71,715
| align="right" | 25.3
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 9.9
| 0.3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.47
|-
| 1908
| align="right" | 7,352,000
| align="right" | 183,046
| align="right" | 118,997
| align="right" | 64,049
| align="right" | 24.9
| align="right" | 16.2
| align="right" | 8.7
| 0.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.42
|-
| 1909
| align="right" | 7,419,000
| align="right" | 175,714
| align="right" | 115,027
| align="right" | 60,687
| align="right" | 23.7
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 8.2
| −5.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.95
|-
| 1910
| align="right" | 7,438,000
| align="right" | 175,768
| align="right" | 110,403
| align="right" | 65,365
| align="right" | 23.6
| align="right" | 14.8
| align="right" | 8.8
| −6.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.31
|-
| 1911
| align="right" | 7,457,000
| align="right" | 171,029
| align="right" | 119,896
| align="right" | 51,133
| align="right" | 22.9
| align="right" | 16.1
| align="right" | 6.9
| 3.0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.26
|-
| 1912
| align="right" | 7,531,000
| align="right" | 170,465
| align="right" | 109,405
| align="right" | 61,060
| align="right" | 22.6
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right;" | 8.1
| 1.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.2
|-
| 1913
| align="right" | 7,605,000
| align="right" | 170,102
| align="right" | 108,296
| align="right" | 61,806
| align="right" | 22.4
| align="right" | 14.2
| align="right" | 8.1
| -0.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.15
|-
| 1914
| align="right" | 7,662,000
| align="right" | 156,389
| align="right" | 108,720
| align="right" | 47,669
| align="right" | 20.4
| align="right" | 14.2
| align="right" | 6.2
| −1.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.22
|-
| 1915
| align="right" | 7,697,000
| align="right" | 124,291
| align="right" | 100,674
| align="right" | 23,617
| align="right" | 16.1
| align="right" | 13.1
| align="right" | 3.1
| −2.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.04
|-
| 1916
| align="right" | 7,701,000
| align="right" | 99,360
| align="right" | 101,044
| align="right" style="color: red" | −1,684
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 13.1
| align="right" style="color: red" | −0.2
| −4.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.99
|-
| 1917
| align="right" | 7,667,000
| align="right" | 86,675
| align="right" | 124,824
| align="right" style="color: red" | −38,149
| align="right" | 11.3
| align="right" | 16.3
| align="right" style="color: red" | −5.0
| −3.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.94
|-
| 1918
| align="right" | 7,599,000
|style="text-align:right; color:red;" | 85,056
|style="text-align:right; color:red;" | 157,340
| align="right" style="color: red" | −72,284
| align="right" | 11.2
| style="color: red" | 20.7
| align="right" style="color: red" | −9.5
| 5.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.89
|-
| 1919
| align="right" | 7,566,000
| align="right" | 128,236
| align="right" | 112,986
| align="right" | 15,250
| align="right" | 16.9
| align="right" | 14.9
| align="right" | 2.0
| −11.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.87
|-
| 1920
| align="right" | 7,491,000
| align="right" | 164,257
| align="right" | 102,706
| align="right" | 61,551
| align="right" | 21.9
| align="right" | 13.7
| align="right" | 8.2
| style="color: red"|−14.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.78
|-
| 1921
| align="right" | 7,444,000
| align="right" | 162,401
| align="right" | 100,468
| align="right" | 61,933
| align="right" | 21.8
| align="right" | 13.5
| align="right" | 8.3
| 0.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.73
|-
| 1922
| align="right" | 7,511,000
| align="right" | 152,779
| align="right" | 104,155
| align="right" | 48,624
| align="right" | 20.3
| align="right" | 13.9
| align="right" | 6.5
| 1.8
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.67
|-
| 1923
| align="right" | 7,573,000
| align="right" | 156,005
| align="right" | 99,113
| align="right" | 56,892
| align="right" | 20.6
| align="right" | 13.1
| align="right" | 7.5
| 2.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.62
|-
| 1924
| align="right" | 7,646,000
| align="right" | 153,387
| align="right" | 98,332
| align="right" | 55,055
| align="right" | 20.1
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 7.2
| 6.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.57
|-
| 1925
| align="right" | 7,748,000
| align="right" | 153,190
| align="right" | 99,569
| align="right" | 53,621
| align="right" | 19.8
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 6.9
| 5.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.51
|-
| 1926
| align="right" | 7,843,000
| align="right" | 148,840
| align="right" | 101,018
| align="right" | 47,822
| align="right" | 19.0
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 6.1
| 1.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.46
|-
| 1927
| align="right" | 7,903,000
| align="right" | 144,211
| align="right" | 103,007
| align="right" | 41,204
| align="right" | 18.2
| align="right" | 13.0
| align="right" | 5.2
| 3.0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.41
|-
| 1928
| align="right" | 7,968,000
| align="right" | 145,953
| align="right" | 102,270
| align="right" | 43,683
| align="right" | 18.3
| align="right" | 12.8
| align="right" | 5.5
| 2.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.36
|-
| 1929
| align="right" | 8,032,000
| align="right" | 145,542
| align="right" | 115,901
| align="right" | 29,641
| align="right" | 18.1
| align="right" | 14.4
| align="right" | 3.7
| 1.8
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|2.3
|-
| 1930
| align="right" | 8,076,000
| align="right" | 150,271
| align="right" | 103,397
| align="right" | 46,874
| align="right" | 18.6
| align="right" | 12.8
| align="right" | 5.8
| 0.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.25
|-
| 1931
| align="right" | 8,126,000
| align="right" | 147,489
| align="right" | 103,773
| align="right" | 43,716
| align="right" | 18.2
| align="right" | 12.8
| align="right" | 5.4
| 2.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.22
|-
| 1932
| align="right" | 8,186,000
| align="right" | 143,824
| align="right" | 104,221
| align="right" | 39,603
| align="right" | 17.6
| align="right" | 12.7
| align="right" | 4.8
| 0.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.19
|-
| 1933
| align="right" | 8,231,000
| align="right" | 134,754
| align="right" | 104,640
| align="right" | 30,114
| align="right" | 16.4
| align="right" | 12.7
| align="right" | 3.7
| 0.1
| align="right" | 2.08
|-
| 1934
| align="right" | 8,262,000
| align="right" | 131,736
| align="right" style="color: blue"| 96,851
| align="right" | 34,885
| align="right" | 15.9
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 4.2
| −1.1
| align="right" | 2.04
|-
| 1935
| align="right" | 8,288,000
| align="right" | 126,304
| align="right" | 102,132
| align="right" | 24,172
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 12.3
| align="right" | 2.9
| 0.4
| align="right" | 1.94
|-
| 1936
| align="right" | 8,315,000
| align="right" | 125,511
| align="right" | 101,595
| align="right" | 23,916
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" | 12.2
| align="right" | 2.9
| 0.8
| align="right" | 1.95
|-
| 1937
| align="right" | 8,346,000
| align="right" | 125,495
| align="right" | 104,163
| align="right" | 21,332
| align="right" | 15.0
| align="right" | 12.5
| align="right" | 2.6
| 0.8
| align="right" | 1.99
|-
| 1938
| align="right" | 8,374,000
| align="right" | 130,133
| align="right" | 104,684
| align="right" | 25,449
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 12.5
| align="right" | 3.0
| −1.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.11
|-
| 1939
| align="right" | 8,391,000
| align="right" | 126,257
| align="right" | 110,393
| align="right" | 15,864
| align="right" | 15.0
| align="right" | 13.2
| align="right" | 1.9
| −12.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.1
|-
| 1940
| align="right" | 8,301,000
| align="right" | 110,323
| align="right" | 125,083
| align="right" style="color: red" | −14,760
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" style="color: red" | −1.8
| −1.2
| align="right" | 1.84
|-
| 1941
| align="right" | 8,276,000
| align="right" | 98,417
| align="right" | 118,670
| align="right" style="color: red" | −20,253
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 14.3
| align="right" style="color: red" | −2.4
| −1.2
| align="right" | 1.66
|-
| 1942
| align="right" | 8,246,000
| align="right" | 105,749
| align="right" | 117,291
| align="right" style="color: red" | −11,542
| align="right" | 12.8
| align="right" | 14.2
| align="right" style="color: red" | −1.4
| 0.8
| align="right" | 1.81
|-
| 1943
| align="right" | 8,241,000
| align="right" | 120,665
| align="right" | 107,767
| align="right" | 12,898
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 13.1
| align="right" | 1.6
| 4.5
| align="right" | 2.06
|-
| 1944
| align="right" | 8,291,000
| align="right" | 124,075
| align="right" | 124,861
| align="right" style="color: red" | −786
| align="right" | 15.0
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" style="color: red" | −0.1
| 5.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.12
|-
| 1945
| align="right" | 8,339,000
| align="right" | 127,245
| align="right" | 121,155
| align="right" | 6,090
| align="right" | 15.3
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" | 0.7
| 2.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.17
|-
| 1946
| align="right" | 8,367,000
| align="right" | 146,731
| align="right" | 110,413
| align="right" | 36,318
| align="right" | 17.5
| align="right" | 13.2
| align="right" | 4.3
| 5.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.53
|-
| 1947
| align="right" | 8,450,000
| align="right" | 144,979
| align="right" | 108,136
| align="right" | 36,843
| align="right" | 17.2
| align="right" | 12.8
| align="right" | 4.4
| 8.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.47
|-
| 1948
| align="right" | 8,557,000
| align="right" | 148,210
| align="right" | 103,576
| align="right" | 44,634
| align="right" | 17.3
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 5.2
| 1.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.45
|-
| 1949
| align="right" | 8,614,000
| align="right" | 144,670
| align="right" | 106,704
| align="right" | 37,966
| align="right" | 16.8
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 4.4
| −1.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.39
|-
| 1950
| align="right" | 8,639,000
| align="right" | 142,970
| align="right" | 104,039
| align="right" | 38,931
| align="right" | 16.5
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" | 4.5
| 0
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.33
|-
| 1951
| align="right" | 8,678,000
| align="right" | 142,524
| align="right" | 107,688
| align="right" | 34,836
| align="right" | 16.4
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 4.0
| 2.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.34
|-
| 1952
| align="right" | 8,730,000
| align="right" | 146,142
| align="right" | 103,624
| align="right" | 42,518
| align="right" | 16.7
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 4.9
| 0.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.35
|-
| 1953
| align="right" | 8,778,000
| align="right" | 146,522
| align="right" | 106,024
| align="right" | 40,498
| align="right" | 16.7
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 4.6
| 0.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.37
|-
| 1954
| align="right" | 8,819,000
| align="right" | 148,128
| align="right" | 104,795
| align="right" | 43,333
| align="right" | 16.8
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 4.9
| 0.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.4
|-
| 1955
| align="right" | 8,868,000
| align="right" | 148,798
| align="right" | 108,316
| align="right" | 40,482
| align="right" | 16.8
| align="right" | 12.2
| align="right" | 4.6
| 1.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.42
|-
| 1956
| align="right" | 8,924,000
| align="right" | 150,181
| align="right" | 108,016
| align="right" | 42,165
| align="right" | 16.8
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 4.7
| 2.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.6
|-
| 1957
| align="right" | 8,989,000
| align="right" | 152,388
| align="right" | 107,236
| align="right" | 45,152
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 5.0
| 2.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.49
|-
| 1958
| align="right" | 9,053,000
| align="right" | 155,694
| align="right" | 105,746
| align="right" | 49,948
| align="right" | 17.2
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 5.5
| 0.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.53
|-
| 1959
| align="right" | 9,104,000
| align="right" | 160,662
| align="right" | 103,513
| align="right" | 57,149
| align="right" | 17.6
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 6.3
| −0.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.57
|-
| 1960
| align="right" | 9,153,000
| align="right" | 155,520
| align="right" | 113,106
| align="right" | 42,414
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 4.6
| −1.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.6
|-
| 1961
| align="right" | 9,184,000
| align="right" | 158,262
| align="right" | 106,259
| align="right" | 52,003
| align="right" | 17.2
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 5.7
| 1.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.64
|-
| 1962
| align="right" | 9,251,000
| align="right" | 154,338
| align="right" | 111,545
| align="right" | 42,793
| align="right" | 16.7
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 4.6
| 3.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.59
|-
| 1963
| align="right" | 9,328,000
| align="right" | 158,196
| align="right" | 115,618
| align="right" | 42,578
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 4.6
| 6.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.68
|-
| 1964
| align="right" | 9,428,000
| align="right" | 160,371
| align="right" | 109,342
| align="right" | 51,029
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 5.4
| 2.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.71
|-
| 1965
| align="right" | 9,499,000
| align="right" | 154,856
| align="right" | 114,507
| align="right" | 40,349
| align="right" | 16.3
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 4.2
| −1.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.62
|-
| 1966
| align="right" | 9,528,000
| align="right" | 150,636
| align="right" | 114,557
| align="right" | 36,079
| align="right" | 15.8
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" | 3.8
| 1.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.52
|-
| 1967
| align="right" | 9,581,000
| align="right" | 145,899
| align="right" | 114,509
| align="right" | 31,390
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" | 3.3
| 0.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.41
|-
| 1968
| align="right" | 9,619,000
| align="right" | 141,242
| align="right" | 121,275
| align="right" | 19,967
| align="right" | 14.7
| align="right" | 12.6
| align="right" | 2.1
| 2.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.31
|-
| 1969
| align="right" | 9,660,000
| align="right" | 140,834
| align="right" | 119,375
| align="right" | 21,459
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 2.2
| −2.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.27
|-
| 1970
| align="right" | 9,656,000
| align="right" | 141,119
| align="right" | 119,623
| align="right" | 21,496
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 2.2
| 1.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.25
|-
| 1971
| align="right" | 9,695,000
| align="right" | 139,104
| align="right" | 118,853
| align="right" | 20,251
| align="right" | 14.3
| align="right" | 12.3
| align="right" | 2.1
| −0.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.21
|-
| 1972
| align="right" | 9,711,000
| align="right" | 134,437
| align="right" | 116,743
| align="right" | 17,694
| align="right" | 13.8
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" | 1.8
| 1.4
| align="right" | 2.09
|-
| 1973
| align="right" | 9,742,000
| align="right" | 129,425
| align="right" | 118,313
| align="right" | 11,112
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 1.1
| 2.0
| align="right" | 1.95
|-
| 1974
| align="right" | 9,772,000
| align="right" | 123,155
| align="right" | 116,039
| align="right" | 7,116
| align="right" | 12.6
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 0.7
| 2.3
| align="right" | 1.83
|-
| 1975
| align="right" | 9,801,000
| align="right" | 119,273
| align="right" | 119,273
| align="right" | 0
| align="right" | 12.2
| align="right" | 12.2
| align="right" | 0.0
| 1.7
| align="right" | 1.74
|-
| 1976
| align="right" | 9,818,000
| align="right" | 120,472
| align="right" | 118,765
| align="right" | 1,707
| align="right" | 12.3
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 0.2
| 1.0
| align="right" | 1.72
|-
| 1977
| align="right" | 9,830,000
| align="right" | 121,523
| align="right" | 112,208
| align="right" | 9,315
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 0.9
| 0.1
| align="right" | 1.71
|-
| 1978
| align="right" | 9,840,000
| align="right" | 121,983
| align="right" | 115,060
| align="right" | 6,923
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 0.7
| 0.1
| align="right" | 1.69
|-
| 1979
| align="right" | 9,848,000
| align="right" | 123,658
| align="right" | 112,156
| align="right" | 11,502
| align="right" | 12.6
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 1.2
| −1.1
| align="right" | 1.69
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 9,849,000
| align="right" | 124,794
| align="right" | 114,364
| align="right" | 10,430
| align="right" | 12.7
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 1.1
| −0.1
| align="right" | 1.69
|-
| 1981
| align="right" | 9,859,000
| align="right" | 124,827
| align="right" | 113,308
| align="right" | 11,519
| align="right" | 12.7
| align="right" | 11.5
| align="right" | 1.2
| −1.5
| align="right" | 1.67
|-
| 1982
| align="right" | 9,856,000
| align="right" | 120,382
| align="right" | 112,506
| align="right" | 7,876
| align="right" | 12.2
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 0.8
| −0.8
| align="right" | 1.61
|-
| 1983
| align="right" | 9,856,000
| align="right" | 117,395
| align="right" | 114,814
| align="right" | 2,581
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 0.3
| −0.4
| align="right" | 1.56
|-
| 1984
| align="right" | 9,855,000
| align="right" | 115,790
| align="right" | 110,577
| align="right" | 5,213
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 11.2
| align="right" | 0.5
| −0.2
| align="right" | 1.53
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 9,858,000
| align="right" | 114,283
| align="right" | 112,691
| align="right" | 1,592
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 0.2
| 0.2
| align="right" | 1.51
|-
| 1986
| align="right" | 9,862,000
| align="right" | 117,271
| align="right" | 111,671
| align="right" | 5,600
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 11.3
| align="right" | 0.6
| 0.2
| align="right" | 1.54
|-
| 1987
| align="right" | 9,870,000
| align="right" | 117,448
| align="right" | 105,840
| align="right" | 11,608
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 10.7
| align="right" | 1.2
| 2.0
| align="right" | 1.57
|-
| 1988
| align="right" | 9,902,000
| align="right" | 118,764
| align="right" | 104,551
| align="right" | 14,213
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" | 10.6
| align="right" | 1.4
| 2.2
| align="right" | 1.57
|-
| 1989
| align="right" | 9,938,000
| align="right" | 120,550
| align="right" | 107,332
| align="right" | 13,218
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 1.3
| 1.6
| align="right" | 1.58
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 9,967,000
| align="right" | 123,554
| align="right" | 104,545
| align="right" | 19,009
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 10.5
| align="right" | 1.9
| −0.7
| align="right" | 1.62
|-
| 1991
| align="right" | 9,978,681 <ref>[https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/structure-population#figures Structure of the Population, statbel.be, visited 20-08-2023]</ref>
| align="right" | 125,412
| align="right" | 104,223
| align="right" | 21,189
| align="right" | 12.5
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 2.1
| 2.2
| align="right" | 1.66
|-
| 1992
| align="right" | 10,021,997
| align="right" | 125,322
| align="right" | 103,858
| align="right" | 21,464
| align="right" | 12.5
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 2.1
| 2.5
| align="right" | 1.65
|-
| 1993
| align="right" | 10,068,319
| align="right" | 120,835
| align="right" | 106,715
| align="right" | 14,120
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" | 10.6
| align="right" | 1.4
| 1.8
| align="right" | 1.61
|-
| 1994
| align="right" | 10,100,341
| align="right" | 116,408
| align="right" | 103,688
| align="right" | 12,720
| align="right" | 11.5
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" | 1.3
| 1.7
| align="right" | 1.56
|-
| 1995
| align="right" | 10,130,398
| align="right" | 115,327
| align="right" | 104,710
| align="right" | 10,617
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 1.0
| 0.2
| align="right" | 1.56
|-
| 1996
| align="right" | 10,142,776
| align="right" | 116,262
| align="right" | 104,228
| align="right" | 12,034
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 1.2
| 1.5
| align="right" | 1.59
|-
| 1997
| align="right" | 10,170,226
| align="right" | 116,125
| align="right" | 103,822
| align="right" | 12,303
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" | 1.2
| 1.0
| align="right" | 1.60
|-
| 1998
| align="right" | 10,192,264
| align="right" | 114,561
| align="right" | 104,607
| align="right" | 9,954
| align="right" | 11.2
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 1.0
| 1.1
| align="right" | 1.60
|-
| 1999
| align="right" | 10,213,752
| align="right" | 113,710
| align="right" | 104,933
| align="right" | 8,777
| align="right" | 11.1
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 0.9
| 1.6
| align="right" | 1.62
|-
| 2000
| align="right" | 10,239,085
| align="right" | 115,157
| align="right" | 104,921
| align="right" | 10,236
| align="right" | 11.2
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" | 1.0
| 1.4
| align="right" | 1.67
|-
| 2001
| align="right" | 10,263,414
| align="right" | 114,428
| align="right" | 103,474
| align="right" | 10,954
| align="right" | 11.1
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 1.1
| 3.4
| align="right" | 1.67
|-
| 2002
| align="right" | 10,309,725
| align="right" | 111,484
| align="right" | 105,667
| align="right" | 5,817
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" | 0.6
| 3.9
| align="right" | 1.65
|-
| 2003
| align="right" | 10,355,844
| align="right" | 112,388
| align="right" | 107,068
| align="right" | 5,320
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 0.5
| 3.4
| align="right" | 1.67
|-
| 2004
| align="right" | 10,396,421
| align="right" | 115,908
| align="right" | 101,964
| align="right" | 13,944
| align="right" | 11.1
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 1.3
| 3.5
| align="right" | 1.72
|-
| 2005
| align="right" | 10,445,852
| align="right" | 118,290
| align="right" | 103,305
| align="right" | 14,985
| align="right" | 11.3
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 1.4
| 4.9
| align="right" | 1.76
|-
| 2006
| align="right" | 10,511,382
| align="right" | 121,695
| align="right" | 101,614
| align="right" | 20,081
| align="right" | 11.5
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 1.9
| 5.1
| align="right" | 1.80
|-
| 2007
| align="right" | 10,584,534
| align="right" | 125,228
| align="right" | 102,060
| align="right" | 23,168
| align="right" | 11.8
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 2.2
| 5.4
| align="right" | 1.82
|-
| 2008
| align="right" | 10,665,140
| align="right" | 128,049
| align="right" | 104,587
| align="right" | 23,462
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 2.2
| 6.0
| align="right" | 1.85
|-
| 2009
| align="right" | 10,753,080
| align="right" | 127,297
| align="right" | 104,509
| align="right" | 22,788
| align="right" | 11.8
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 2.1
| 6.0
| align="right" | 1.84
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 10,839,905
| align="right" | 129,173
| align="right" | 105,094
| align="right" | 24,079
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 2.2
| 8.1
| align="right" | 1.85
|-
| 2011
| align="right" | 10,951,266
| align="right" | 127,655
| align="right" | 104,247
| align="right" | 23,408
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 9.5
| align="right" | 2.1
| 5.6
| align="right" | 1.81
|-
| 2012
| align="right" | 11,035,948
| align="right" | 126,993
| align="right" | 109,034
| align="right" | 17,959
| align="right" | 11.5
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 1.6
| 4.2
| align="right" | 1.79
|-
| 2013
| align="right" | 11,099,554
| align="right" | 124,862
| align="right" | 109,295
| align="right" | 15,567
| align="right" | 11.2
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 1.4
| 3.2
| align="right" | 1.75
|-
| 2014
| align="right" | 11,150,516
| align="right" | 124,415
| align="right" | 104,723
| align="right" | 19,692
| align="right" | 11.2
| style="color: blue" | 9.4
| align="right" | 1.8
| 3.4
| align="right" | 1.74
|-
| 2015
| align="right" | 11,209,044
| align="right" | 121,713
| align="right" | 110,508
| align="right" | 11,205
| align="right" | 10.9
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 1.0
| 4.3
| align="right" | 1.69
|-
| 2016
| align="right" | 11,267,910
| align="right" | 121,161
| align="right" | 108,056
| align="right" | 13,105
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 1.2
| 3.6
| align="right" | 1.68
|-
| 2017
| align="right" | 11,322,088
| align="right" | 119,102
| align="right" | 109,629
| align="right" | 9,473
| align="right" | 10.5
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 0.8
| 4.0
| align="right" | 1.64
|-
| 2018
| align="right" | 11,376,070
| align="right" | 117,800
| align="right" | 110,645
| align="right" | 7,155
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 0.6
| 4.3
| align="right" | 1.61
|-
| 2019
| 11,431,406
| 117,103
| 108,745
| 8,358
| 10.2
| 9.5
| 0.7
| 4.6
| 1.60
|-
| 2020
| 11,492,641
| 113,739
| 126,850
| style="color: red" | −13,111
| 9.9
| 11.0
| style="color: red"  | −1.1
| 3.6
| 1.55
|-
| 2021
| 11,521,238
| 117,914
| 112,291
| 5,623
| 10.3
| 9.8
| 0.5
| 5.0
| 1.60
|-
| 2022
| 11,584,008
| 113,593
| 116,380
| style="color: red" | −2,787
| 9.8
| 10.0
| style="color: red" | −0.3
| style="color: blue"|10.1
| 1.53
|-
| 2023
|style="text-align:right; | 11,697,557
| 110,198
| 111,255
| style="color: red" | −1,057
| 9.5
| 9.6
| style="color: red" | −0.1
| 5.7
| 1.47
|-
| 2024
|style="text-align:right; | 11,763,650
| 108,150
| 112,029
| style="color: red" | −3,879
| style="color: red" | 9.2
| 9.5
| style="color: red" | −0.3
| 4.4
| style="color: red" | 1.45(e)
|-
| 2025
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 11,825,551
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

===Current vital statistics===
{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Period
! Live births
! Deaths
! Natural increase
|-
| '''January–September 2024'''
| 81,826
| 82,996
| −1,170
|-
| '''January–September 2025'''
| 82,520
| 84,668
| −2,148
|-
| '''Difference'''
| {{increase}} +694 (+0.85%)
| {{increasenegative}} +1,672 (+2.01%)
| {{decrease}} –978
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | '''Source:'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/natality-and-fertility|title=Natality and fertility &#124; Statbel|website=statbel.fgov.be}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statbel.fgov.be/en/about-statbel/what-we-do/visualisations/mortality|title=Mortality &#124; Statbel|website=statbel.fgov.be}}</ref>
|}

===Total fertility rates by province===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Total fertility rate by NUTS 2 region |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00100/default/table |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref>
!Province
!TFR
|-
|{{flag|Luxembourg (Belgium)|name=Luxembourg}}
|1.58
|-
|{{flag|Antwerp}}
|1.56
|-
|{{flag|Hainaut}}
|1.52
|-
|{{flag|West Flanders}}
|1.52
|-
|{{flag|Flemish Brabant}}
|1.51
|-
|{{flag|Liège}}
|1.48
|-
|'''{{flag|Belgium}}'''
|'''1.47'''
|-
|{{flag|East Flanders}}
|1.45
|-
|{{flag|Namur}}
|1.44
|-
|{{flag|Limburg (Belgium)|name=Limburg}}
|1.41
|-
|{{flag|Walloon Brabant}}
|1.40
|-
|{{flag|Brussels}}
|1.36
|}

===Structure of the population===

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.I.2011): <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 5 401 718
| align="right" | 5 598 920 
| align="right" | 11 000 638
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 330 184
| align="right" | 315 328
| align="right" | 645 512
| align="right" | 5.87
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 310 560 
| align="right" | 296 765
| align="right" | 607 325
| align="right" | 5.52
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 313 738
| align="right" | 300 722
| align="right" | 614 460
| align="right" | 5.59
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 331 790
| align="right" | 317 228
| align="right" | 649 018
| align="right" | 5.90
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 344 647
| align="right" | 339 446
| align="right" | 684 093
| align="right" | 6.22
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 351 045
| align="right" | 349 328
| align="right" | 700 373
| align="right" | 6.37
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 364 728
| align="right" | 358 208
| align="right" | 722 936
| align="right" | 6.57
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 375 815
| align="right" | 365 389
| align="right" | 741 204
| align="right" | 6.74
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 401 530
| align="right" | 388 365
| align="right" | 789 895
| align="right" | 7.18
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 418 827
| align="right" | 409 340
| align="right" | 828 167
| align="right" | 7.53
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 391 809
| align="right" | 389 431
| align="right" | 781 240
| align="right" | 7.10
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 349 489
| align="right" | 352 842
| align="right" | 702 331
| align="right" | 6.38
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 320 714
| align="right" | 330 190
| align="right" | 650 904
| align="right" | 5.92
|-
| align="right" | 65−69
| align="right" | 230 217
| align="right" | 249 982
| align="right" | 480 199
| align="right" | 4.37
|-
| align="right" | 70−74
| align="right" | 205 382
| align="right" | 242 992
| align="right" | 448 374
| align="right" | 4.08
|-
| align="right" | 75−79
| align="right" | 171 538
| align="right" | 230 056
| align="right" | 401 594
| align="right" | 3.65
|-
| align="right" | 80−84
| align="right" | 115 591
| align="right" | 189 197
| align="right" | 304 788
| align="right" | 2.77
|-
| align="right" | 85−89
| align="right" | 57 963
| align="right" | 122 532
| align="right" | 180 495
| align="right" | 1.64
|-
| align="right" | 90−94
| align="right" | 13 541
| align="right" | 39 167
| align="right" | 52 708
| align="right" | 0.48
|-
| align="right" | 95−99
| align="right" | 2 412
| align="right" | 10 980
| align="right" | 13 392
| align="right" | 0.12
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 198
| align="right" | 1 432
| align="right" | 1 630
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 954 482
| align="right" | 912 815
| align="right" | 1 867 297
| align="right" | 16.97
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 3 650 394
| align="right" | 3 599 767
| align="right" | 7 250 161
| align="right" | 65.91
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 796 842
| align="right" | 1 086 338
| align="right" | 1 883 180
| align="right" | 17.12
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2019): <ref name="auto"/>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 5 644 826
| align="right" | 5 810 693 
| align="right" | 11 455 519
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 315 177
| align="right" | 300 999
| align="right" | 616 176
| align="right" | 5.38
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 340 923 
| align="right" | 325 662
| align="right" | 666 585
| align="right" | 5.82
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 336 284
| align="right" | 320 521
| align="right" | 656 805
| align="right" | 5.73
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 323 790
| align="right" | 307 712
| align="right" | 631 502
| align="right" | 5.51
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 341 598
| align="right" | 328 722
| align="right" | 670 320
| align="right" | 5.85
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 374 924
| align="right" | 371 623
| align="right" | 746 547
| align="right" | 6.52
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 368 166
| align="right" | 368 614
| align="right" | 736 780
| align="right" | 6.43
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 377 157
| align="right" | 374 627
| align="right" | 751 784
| align="right" | 6.56
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 368 567
| align="right" | 362 807
| align="right" | 731 374
| align="right" | 6.38
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 393 483
| align="right" | 384 045
| align="right" | 777 528
| align="right" | 6.79
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 406 309
| align="right" | 396 620
| align="right" | 802 929
| align="right" | 7.01
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 395 854
| align="right" | 395 473
| align="right" | 791 327
| align="right" | 6.91
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 349 994
| align="right" | 360 409
| align="right" | 710 403
| align="right" | 6.20
|-
| align="right" | 65−69
| align="right" | 298 587
| align="right" | 317 045
| align="right" | 615 632
| align="right" | 5.37
|-
| align="right" | 70−74
| align="right" | 249 942
| align="right" | 281 596
| align="right" | 531 538
| align="right" | 4.64
|-
| align="right" | 75−79
| align="right" | 165 281
| align="right" | 206 039
| align="right" | 371 320
| align="right" | 3.24
|-
| align="right" | 80−84
| align="right" | 131 154
| align="right" | 188 231
| align="right" | 319 385
| align="right" | 2.79
|-
| align="right" | 85−89
| align="right" | 76 742
| align="right" | 138 520
| align="right" | 215 262
| align="right" | 1.88
|-
| align="right" | 90−94
| align="right" | 26 044
| align="right" | 63 743
| align="right" | 89 787
| align="right" | 0.78
|-
| align="right" | 95−99
| align="right" | 4 640
| align="right" | 16 410
| align="right" | 21 050
| align="right" | 0.18
|-
| align="right" | 100−104
| align="right" | 201
| align="right" | 1 188
| align="right" | 1 389
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| align="right" | 105−109
| align="right" | 9
| align="right" | 84
| align="right" | 93
| align="right" | <0.01
|-
| align="right" | 110+
| align="right" | 0
| align="right" | 3
| align="right" | 3
| align="right" | <0.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 992 384
| align="right" | 947 182
| align="right" | 1 939 566
| align="right" | 16.93
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 3 699 842
| align="right" | 3 650 652
| align="right" | 7 350 494
| align="right" | 64.17
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 952 600
| align="right" | 1 212 859
| align="right" | 2 165 459
| align="right" | 18.90
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

==Immigration==
Since the relaxation of the Belgian nationality law, more than 1.3 million migrants have acquired Belgian citizenship and are now considered ''new Belgians''. 89.2% of inhabitants of [[Turkish people|Turkish]] origin have been naturalized, as have 88.4% of people of Moroccan background, 75.4% of Italians, 56.2% of the French and 47.8% of Dutch people.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |title=Verkiezingen 2012 eigen-wijs |url=http://www.npdata.be/BuG/159-Verkiezingen-2012/Verkiezingen-2012.htm |access-date=24 August 2017 |website=Npdata.be}}</ref>{{dubious|date=October 2020}}

In 2007, there were 1.38 million foreign-born residents in Belgium, corresponding to 12.9% of the total population. Of these, 685 000 (6.4%) were born outside the EU and 695 000 (6.5%) were born in another EU Member State.

'''Net migration rate'''; 4.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)

===Belgium migration data===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Belgium migration data, 1948–present
! Year !! Immigration !! Emigration !! Net migration
|-
| 1948 || 89,924 || 60,061 || 29,863
|-
| 1949 || 31,795 || 63,801 || −32,006
|-
| 1950 || 27,922 || 46,569 || −18,647
|-
| 1951 || 59,954 || 51,620 || 8,334
|-
| 1952 || 52,150 || 46,566 || 5,584
|-
| 1953 || 39,964 || 45,613 || −5,649
|-
| 1954 || 34,604 || 41,834 || −7,230
|-
| 1955 || 51,106 || 39,037 || 12,069
|-
| 1956 || 52,593 || 43,724 || 8,869
|-
| 1957 || 68,794 || 43,221 || 25,573
|-
| 1958 || 47,124 || 49,322 || −2,198
|-
| 1959 || 32,315 || 43,215 || −10,900
|-
| 1960 || 42,248 || 39,127 || 3,121
|-
| 1961 || 36,088 || 42,646 || −6,558
|-
| 1962 || 52,744 || 39,084 || 13,660
|-
| 1963 || 72,586 || 43,161 || 29,425
|-
| 1964 || 92,334 || 48,511 || 43,823
|-
| 1965 || 80,761 || 54,167 || 26,594
|-
| 1966 || 71,078 || 53,887 || 17,191
|-
| 1967 || 63,713 || 52,967 || 10,746
|-
| 1968 || 57,122 || 56,628 || 494
|-
| 1969 || 55,243 || 50,988 || 4,255
|-
| 1970 || 62,143 || 56,371 || 5,772
|-
| 1971 || 62,708 || 43,341 || 19,367
|-
| 1972 || 62,474 || 54,791 || 7,683
|-
| 1973 || 64,250 || 52,603 || 11,647
|-
| 1974 || 71,866 || 52,670 || 19,196
|-
| 1975 || 69,886 || 53,739 || 16,147
|-
| 1976 || 58,724 || 56,921 || 1,803
|-
| 1977 || 55,298 || 55,076 || 222
|-
| 1978 || 52,594 || 58,495 || −5,901
|-
| 1979 || 54,854 || 59,552 || −4,698
|-
| 1980 || 54,694 || 58,212 || −3,518
|-
| 1981 || 49,298 || 60,194 || −10,896
|-
| 1982 || 44,659 || 61,931 || −17,272
|-
| 1983 || 43,657 || 61,339 || −17,682
|-
| 1984 || 47,002 || 56,447 || −9,445
|-
| 1985 || 47,042 || 54,021 || −6,979
|-
| 1986 || 48,959 || 53,793 || −4,834
|-
| 1987 || 49,750 || 57,033 || −7,283
|-
| 1988 || 54,048 || 54,082 || −34
|-
| 1989 || 60,067 || 49,439 || 10,628
|-
| 1990 || 68,929 || 49,246 || 19,683
|-
| 1991 || 74,617 || 60,471 || 14,146
|-
| 1992 || 80,191 || 55,411 || 24,780
|-
| 1993 || 78,376 || 59,843 || 18,533
|-
| 1994 || 81,865 || 64,234 || 17,631
|-
| 1995 || 78,459 || 64,822 || 13,637
|-
| 1996 || 78,046 || 65,167 || 12,879
|-
| 1997 || 76,449 || 69,716 || 6,733
|-
| 1998 || 80,194 || 73,199 || 6,995
|-
| 1999 || 87,915 || 75,866 || 12,049
|-
| 2000 || 90,412 || 76,848 || 13,564
|-
| 2001 || 111,866 || 76,566 || 35,300
|-
| 2002 || 115,542 || 77,121 || 38,421
|-
| 2003 || 113,794 || 80,764 || 33,030
|-
| 2004 || 119,143 || 85,474 || 33,669
|-
| 2005 || 135,289 || 88,216 || 47,073
|-
| 2006 || 139,595 || 89,576 || 50,019
|-
| 2007 || 151,069 || 93,952 || 57,117
|-
| 2008 || 164,152 || 100,275 || 63,877
|-
| 2009 || 166,479 || 103,718 || 62,761
|-
| 2010 || 166,188 || 86,719 || 79,469
|-
| 2011 || 161,508 || 99,422 || 62,086
|-
| 2012 || 149,095 || 104,697 || 44,398
|-
| 2013 || 146,645 || 111,814 || 34,831
|-
| 2014 || 153,926 || 113,975 || 39,951
|-
| 2015 || 158,032 || 110,360 || 47,672
|-
| 2016 || 160,480 || 118,245 || 42,235
|-
| 2017 || 163,918 || 119,382 || 44,536
|-
| 2018 || 166,894 || 116,714 || 50,180
|-
| 2019 || 174,591 || 119,560 || 55,031
|-
| 2020 || 144,169 || 102,413 || 41,756
|-
| 2021 || 165,534 || 107,416 || 58,118
|-
| 2022 || 233,629 || 117,085 || 116,544
|-
| 2023 || 194,887 || 128,538 || 66,349
|-
| 2024 || 194,212 || 128,168 || 66,044
|}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Distribution of foreigners by nationality in Belgium<ref>{{cite web |title=Population par nationalité et par sexe 2015-2016 - - Home |url=http://statbel.fgov.be/fr/modules/publications/statistiques/population/downloads/population_totale_etrangere_et_belge.jsp |website=statbel.fgov.be}}</ref><ref name="Database - Eurostat">{{cite web|access-date=17 October 2020 |title=Database - Eurostat |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database |website=ec.europa.eu}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=17 October 2020 |title=Structure de la population - Statbel |url=https://statbel.fgov.be/fr/themes/population/structure-de-la-population#figures |website=statbel.fgov.be}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref>
!Country of origin
!2013
!2015
!2017
!2019
!2020
!2021
!2022
!2023
!2024
|-
| Total population
| align="right" |11,099,554
| align="right" |11,209,044
| align="right" |11,322,088
| align="right" |11,431,406
| align="right" |11,492,641
| align="right" |11,521,238
| align="right" |11,584,008
| align="right" |11,697,597
| align="right" |11,763,650
|-
| {{flag|Belgium}}
| align="right" |9,904,432
| align="right" |9,953,758
| align="right" |9,994,312
| align="right" |10,039,981
| align="right" |10,065,990
| align="right" |10,073,385
| align="right" |10,100,333
| align="right" |10,124,284
| align="right" |10,155,943
|-
| Total foreigners
| align="right" |'''1,195,122'''
| align="right" |'''1,255,286'''
| align="right" |'''1,327,776'''
| align="right" |'''1,391,425'''
| align="right" |'''1,426,651'''
| align="right" |'''1,447,853'''
| align="right" |'''1,483,675'''
| align="right" |'''1,573,313'''
| align="right" |'''1,607,707'''
|-
| {{flag|France}}
| align="right" |153,413
| align="right" |159,352
| align="right" |164,410
| align="right" |167,508
| align="right" |170,324
| align="right" |173,282
| align="right" |176,199
| align="right" |179,272
| align="right" |181,143
|-
| {{flag|The Netherlands}}
| align="right" |143,977
| align="right" |149,199
| align="right" |153,736
| align="right" |157,474
| align="right" |159,319
| align="right" |160,875
| align="right" |163,474
| align="right" |166,360
| align="right" |168,242
|-
| {{flag|Italy}}
| align="right" |157,426
| align="right" |156,977
| align="right" |156,726
| align="right" |155,866
| align="right" |155,696
| align="right" |154,544
| align="right" |153,813
| align="right" |153,416
| align="right" |152,524
|-
| {{flag|Romania}}
| align="right" |50,906
| align="right" |65,768
| align="right" |80,669
| align="right" |96,034
| align="right" |105,358
| align="right" |110,917
| align="right" |117,274
| align="right" |124,876
| align="right" |128,898
|-
| {{flag|Morocco}}
| align="right" |83,271
| align="right" |82,009
| align="right" |82,586
| align="right" |80,295
| align="right" |80,579
| align="right" |80,550
| align="right" |81,420
| align="right" |81,667
| align="right" |81,872
|-
| {{flag|Spain}}
| align="right" |54,406
| align="right" |60,386
| align="right" |63,043
| align="right" |65,476
| align="right" |67,861
| align="right" |69,933
| align="right" |73,556
| align="right" |77,333
| align="right" |80,790
|-
| {{flag|Poland}}
| align="right" |61,524
| align="right" |68,403
| align="right" |71,457
| align="right" |71,331
| align="right" |70,671
| align="right" |69,820
| align="right" |69,082
| align="right" |68,838
| align="right" |68,136
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}}
| align="right" |4,109
| align="right" |4,382
| align="right" |4,695
| align="right" |5,072
| align="right" |5,426
| align="right" |5,624
| align="right" |5,988
| align="right" |58,029
| align="right" |64,420
|-
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| align="right" |38,812
| align="right" |42,793
| align="right" |45,816
| align="right" |47,677
| align="right" |48,979
| align="right" |50,116
| align="right" |51,802
| align="right" |53,598
| align="right" |55,609
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}}
| align="right" |23,386
| align="right" |28,721
| align="right" |33,152
| align="right" |37,277
| align="right" |40,687
| align="right" |43,104
| align="right" |45,590
| align="right" |48,474
| align="right" |49,404
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}}
| align="right" |37,989
| align="right" |36,747
| align="right" |36,167
| align="right" |36,678
| align="right" |37,492
| align="right" |37,717
| align="right" |38,936
| align="right" |40,250
| align="right" |41,700
|-
| {{flag|Germany}}
| align="right" |39,745
| align="right" |39,294
| align="right" |39,501
| align="right" |39,608
| align="right" |39,714
| align="right" |39,936
| align="right" |40,331
| align="right" |40,850
| align="right" |41,206
|-
| {{flag|Syria}}
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |32,594
| align="right" |32,614
| align="right" |32,264
| align="right" |32,274
|
|-
| Unknown and stateless
| align="right" |8,909
| align="right" |11,529
| align="right" |14,844
| align="right" |21,380
| align="right" |23,286
| align="right" |25,326
| align="right" |26,270
| align="right" |26,790
| align="right" |24,314
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}
| align="right" |5,100
| align="right" |8,030
| align="right" |11,133
| align="right" |16,372
| align="right" |17,717
| align="right" |18,263
| align="right" |19,561
| align="right" |21,451
| align="right" |23,306
|-
|{{flag|DRC}}
| align="right" |20,066
| align="right" |20,625
| align="right" |21,282
| align="right" |21,526
| align="right" |21,357
| align="right" |21,395
| align="right" |21,617
| align="right" |21,363
| align="right" |21,131
|-
| {{flag|India}}
| align="right" |8,864
| align="right" |10,383
| align="right" |11,733
| align="right" |14,683
| align="right" |15,747
| align="right" |15,999
| align="right" |17,050
| align="right" |18,696
| align="right" |20,141
|-
| {{flag|Greece}}
| align="right" |15,513
| align="right" |16,275
| align="right" |17,017
| align="right" |17,921
| align="right" |18,297
| align="right" |18,375
| align="right" |18,720
| align="right" |19,204
| align="right" |19,638
|-
| {{flag|Cameroon}}
| align="right" |10,035
| align="right" |10,732
| align="right" |11,842
| align="right" |12,831
| align="right" |13,201
| align="right" |13,756
| align="right" |15,169
| align="right" |15,485
| align="right" |15,912
|-
| {{flag|China}}
| align="right" |10,454
| align="right" |11,275
| align="right" |12,155
| align="right" |12,930
| align="right" |13,479
| align="right" |13,037
| align="right" |13,544
| align="right" |14,075
| align="right" |14,490
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| align="right" |24,543
| align="right" |23,794
| align="right" |22,949
| align="right" |20,344
| align="right" |19,026
| align="right" |18,574
| align="right" |16,273
| align="right" |14,816
| align="right" |13,840
|-
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| align="right" |7,463
| align="right" |8,047
| align="right" |8,456
| align="right" |9,210
| align="right" |9,745
| align="right" |10,092
| align="right" |10,880
| align="right" |11,778
| align="right" |12,817
|-
| {{flag|Palestine}}
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |6,784
| align="right" |7,198
| align="right" |8 500
| align="right" |11,753
|
|-
| {{flag|Russia}}
| align="right" |13,831
| align="right" |12,434
| align="right" |12,259
| align="right" |12,045
| align="right" |11,836
| align="right" |11,514
| align="right" |11,414
| align="right" |11,244
| align="right" |11,125
|-
| {{flag|Algeria}}
| align="right" |10,075
| align="right" |9,944
| align="right" |9,961
| align="right" |9,784
| align="right" |9,938
| align="right" |10,073
| align="right" |10,313
| align="right" |10,634
| align="right" |10,807
|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| align="right" |11,526
| align="right" |11,489
| align="right" |11,252
| align="right" |10,793
| align="right" |10,877
| align="right" |10,356
| align="right" |10,497
| align="right" |10,354
| align="right" |10 365
|-
| {{flag|Guinea}}
| align="right" |6,930
| align="right" |8,262
| align="right" |9,657
| align="right" |9,903
| align="right" |9,948
| align="right" |10,022
| align="right" |10,241
| align="right" |10,154
| align="right" |9,997
|-
| {{flag|Iraq}}
| align="right" |6,195
| align="right" |6,559
| align="right" |10,838
| align="right" |13,227
| align="right" |13,375
| align="right" |13,003
| align="right" |11,585
| align="right" |10,052
| align="right" |8,747
|-
| {{flag|Tunisia}}
| align="right" |4,996
| align="right" |5,524
| align="right" |6,091
| align="right" |6,398
| align="right" |6,627
| align="right" |6,967
| align="right" |7,268
| align="right" |7,819
| align="right" |8,517
|-
| {{flag|Slovakia}}
| align="right" |5,350
| align="right" |5,707
| align="right" |6,121
| align="right" |6,463
| align="right" |6,820
| align="right" |6,879
| align="right" |7,230
| align="right" |7,416
| align="right" |7,659
|-
| {{flag|Albania}}
| align="right" |4,941
| align="right" |5,100
| align="right" |5,167
| align="right" |5,582
| align="right" |5,943
| align="right" |6,288
| align="right" |6,610
| align="right" |7,054
| align="right" |7,518
|-
| {{flag|Eritrea}}
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |4,068
| align="right" |4,585
| align="right" |5,810
| align="right" |7,476
|
|-
| {{flag|Hungary}}
| align="right" |5,300
| align="right" |6,167
| align="right" |6,509
| align="right" |6,761
| align="right" |6,897
| align="right" |6,929
| align="right" |7,009
| align="right" |7,145
| align="right" |7,439
|-
| {{flag|Somalia}}
| align="right" |1,286
| align="right" |1,660
| align="right" |3,440
| align="right" |5,237
| align="right" |5,784
| align="right" |6,205
| align="right" |6,321
| align="right" |6,227
| align="right" |6,247
|-
| {{flag|Kosovo}}
| align="right" |4,597
| align="right" |4,553
| align="right" |4,533
| align="right" |4,830
| align="right" |5,147
| align="right" |5,401
| align="right" |5,606
| align="right" |5,785
| align="right" |6,043
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| align="right" |4,673
| align="right" |4,959
| align="right" |5,287
| align="right" |5,293
| align="right" |5,295
| align="right" |5,320
| align="right" |5,484
| align="right" |5,669
| align="right" |6,001
|-
| {{flag|Iran}}
| align="right" |4,480
| align="right" |4,381
| align="right" |4,107
| align="right" |4,549
| align="right" |4,756
| align="right" |4,948
| align="right" |5,196
| align="right" |5,305
| align="right" |5,765
|-
| {{flag|North Macedonia}}
| align="right" |4,630
| align="right" |4,280
| align="right" |4,436
| align="right" |4,662
| align="right" |4,786
| align="right" |4,802
| align="right" |4,696
| align="right" |4,524
| align="right" |5,417
|-
| {{flag|Ireland}}
| align="right" |4,003
| align="right" |4,035
| align="right" |4,168
| align="right" |4,321
| align="right" |4,460
| align="right" |4,631
| align="right" |5,008
| align="right" |5,230
| align="right" |5,334
|-
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align="right" |4,361
| align="right" |4,335
| align="right" |4,384
| align="right" |4,452
| align="right" |4,522
| align="right" |4,648
| align="right" |4,892
| align="right" |5,123
| align="right" |5,261
|-
| {{flag|Armenia}}
| align="right" |6,765
| align="right" |6,578
| align="right" |4,747
| align="right" |4,434
| align="right" |4,830
| align="right" |5,106
| align="right" |5,085
| align="right" |5,267
| align="right" |5,177
|-
| {{flag|Serbia}}
| align="right" |4,091
| align="right" |3,718
| align="right" |3,961
| align="right" |4,247
| align="right" |4,576
| align="right" |4,862
| align="right" |5,041
| align="right" |5,077
| align="right" |5,151
|-
| {{flag|Ghana}}
| align="right" |3,940
| align="right" |4,449
| align="right" |4,635
| align="right" |4,528
| align="right" |4,647
| align="right" |4,625
| align="right" |4,760
| align="right" |4,852
| align="right" |4,842
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
| align="right" |3,774
| align="right" |4,142
| align="right" |4,398
| align="right" |4,346
| align="right" |4,330
| align="right" |4,319
| align="right" |4,349
| align="right" |4,597
| align="right" |4,720
|-
| {{flag|Burundi}}
| align="right" |
| align="right" |1,587
| align="right" |1,782
| align="right" |2,379
| align="right" |2,806
| align="right" |3,167
| align="right" |3,563
| align="right" |3,691
| align="right" |4,483
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}}
| align="right" |4,262
| align="right" |3,918
| align="right" |3,859
| align="right" |3,763
| align="right" |3,749
| align="right" |3,754
| align="right" |3,919
| align="right" |4,058
| align="right" |4,247
|-
| {{flag|Japan}}
| align="right" |4,464
| align="right" |4,386
| align="right" |4,263
| align="right" |4,385
| align="right" |4,406
| align="right" |4,111
| align="right" |4,260
| align="right" |4,241
| align="right" |4,242
|-
| {{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align="right" |3,212
| align="right" |3,407
| align="right" |3,490
| align="right" |3,468
| align="right" |3,614
| align="right" |3,676
| align="right" |3,782
| align="right" |3,798
| align="right" |3,848
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| align="right" |3,293
| align="right" |3,671
| align="right" |3,786
| align="right" |3,755
| align="right" |3,731
| align="right" |3,738
| align="right" |3,783
| align="right" |3,831
| align="right" |3,816
|-
| {{flag|Thailand}}
| align="right" |3,398
| align="right" |3,499
| align="right" |3,705
| align="right" |3,842
| align="right" |3,889
| align="right" |3,777
| align="right" |3,862
| align="right" |3,881
| align="right" |3,747
|-
| {{flag|Lebanon}}
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |1,952
| align="right" |2,169
| align="right" |2,868
| align="right" |3,414
| align="right" |3,768
|-
| {{flag|Moldova}}
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |1,866
| align="right" |2,163
| align="right" |2,682
| align="right" |3,730
|
|-
| {{flag|Lithuania}}
| align="right" |2,168
| align="right" |2,472
| align="right" |2,506
| align="right" |2,836
| align="right" |3,054
| align="right" |3,165
| align="right" |3,347
| align="right" |3,511
| align="right" |3,589
|-
| {{flag|Croatia}}
| align="right" |1,026
| align="right" |1,491
| align="right" |2,040
| align="right" |2,601
| align="right" |2,815
| align="right" |3,023
| align="right" |3,173
| align="right" |3,366
| align="right" |3,533
|-
| {{flag|Senegal}}
| align="right" |1,890
| align="right" |2,223
| align="right" |2,610
| align="right" |2,792
| align="right" |2,896
| align="right" |2,937
| align="right" |3,108
| align="right" |3,223
| align="right" |3,351
|-
| {{flag|Austria}}
| align="right" |2,712
| align="right" |2,767
| align="right" |2,814
| align="right" |2,844
| align="right" |2,883
| align="right" |2,889
| align="right" |2,983
| align="right" |3,085
| align="right" |3,159
|-
| {{flag|Finland}}
| align="right" |2,926
| align="right" |2,859
| align="right" |2,863
| align="right" |2,946
| align="right" |2,935
| align="right" |2,860
| align="right" |2,916
| align="right" |2,980
| align="right" |3,001
|-
| {{flag|Rwanda}}
| align="right" |3,607
| align="right" |3,316
| align="right" |3,116
| align="right" |3,023
| align="right" |2,923
| align="right" |2,850
| align="right" |2,790
| align="right" |2,753
| align="right" |2,766
|-
| {{flag|Colombia}}
| align="right" |
| align="right" |1,806
| align="right" |1,840
| align="right" |1,992
| align="right" |2,160
| align="right" |2 237
| align="right" |2,381
| align="right" |2,589
| align="right" |2,734
|-
| {{flag|Nepal}}
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |2,140
| align="right" |2,409
| align="right" |2,687
|-
| {{flag|Canada}}
| align="right" |2,816
| align="right" |2,839
| align="right" |2,719
| align="right" |2,723
| align="right" |2,767
| align="right" |2,615
| align="right" |2,515
| align="right" |2,585
| align="right" |2,644
|-
| {{flag|Denmark}}
| align="right" |2,861
| align="right" |2,774
| align="right" |2,792
| align="right" |2,733
| align="right" |2,675
| align="right" |2,670
| align="right" |2,663
| align="right" |2,653
| align="right" |2,625
|-
| {{flag|Angola}}
| align="right" |3,026
| align="right" |2,973
| align="right" |2,864
| align="right" |2,749
| align="right" |2,662
| align="right" |2,644
| align="right" |2,628
| align="right" |2,612
| align="right" |2,595
|-
| {{flag|Ivory Coast}}
| align="right" |2,169
| align="right" |2,239
| align="right" |2,287
| align="right" |2,352
| align="right" |2,391
| align="right" |2,441
| align="right" |2,543
| align="right" |2,552
| align="right" |2,559
|-
| {{flag|Latvia}}
| align="right" |1,643
| align="right" |1,764
| align="right" |1,851
| align="right" |2,020
| align="right" |2,112
| align="right" |2,180
| align="right" |2,245
| align="right" |2,404
| align="right" |2,494
|-
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
| align="right" |2,089
| align="right" |2,092
| align="right" |2,118
| align="right" |2,158
| align="right" |2,233
| align="right" |2,250
| align="right" |2,308
| align="right" |2,369
| align="right" |2,375
|-
| {{flag|Togo}}
| align="right" |2,478
| align="right" |2,472
| align="right" |2,434
| align="right" |2,317
| align="right" |2,341
| align="right" |2,335
| align="right" |2,346
| align="right" |2,269
| align="right" |2,213
|-
| {{flag|Georgia}}
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |1,873
| align="right" |2,051
| align="right" |2,162
|-
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |1,888
| align="right" |2,012
|}

== Employment and income ==
'''Unemployment, youth ages 15–24;''' total: 15.8%. 
:male: 16.2%
:female: 15.3% (2018 est.)

== Education ==
Literacy; Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2003 est.)
:Total population: 99%
:Male: 99%
:Female: 99%
'''School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education);''' total: 20 years

:male: 19 years
:female: 21 years (2018)

==Origin groups==
{{further|Belgians}}
[[File:Belgians of Belgian origin in Brussels in 2021 percentage in districts.svg|thumb|269x269px|Belgians with a Belgian background in Brussels]]
Belgium does not collect data on ethnicity or race, but does collect data on the country of origin of citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shendruk |first=Amanda |date=2021-07-08 |title=Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race? |url=https://qz.com/2029525/the-20-countries-that-dont-collect-racial-and-ethnic-census-data/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref>

The largest group of immigrants and their descendants in Belgium are [[Italian Belgians]], with more than 450,000<ref name="npdata.be">{{cite web|url=http://www.npdata.be/BuG/155-Vreemde-afkomst/Vreemde-afkomst.htm|title=Vreemde afkomst 01/01/2012|website=Npdata.be|access-date=24 August 2017}}</ref> people, which is well over 4% of Belgium's total population. The [[Moroccans in Belgium|Moroccan Belgians]] are the third-largest group, and the largest Muslim ethnic group, numbering 340,359.<ref name="npdata.be" /><ref name="hbvl.be">[http://www.hbvl.be/Archief/guid/voor-het-eerst-meer-marokkaanse-dan-italiaanse-migranten.aspx?artikel=e2214650-9013-4207-8139-68ab46554b87 Voor het eerst meer Marokkaanse dan Italiaanse migranten], Hbvl.be, {{Nowrap|21 May}} 2007</ref> According to Michèle Tribalat in the beginning of 2020, people of foreign background and their descendants were estimated to have formed 32.1% of the total population.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=POPULATION D'ORIGINE ÉTRANGÈRE EN BELGIQUE |url=http://www.micheletribalat.fr/448383449 |access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref> According to Statbel, 65.5% of the Belgian population was Belgian with a Belgian background in 2024. The Belgian background by age group was 51.8% among those under 18, 62.1% among 18-64-year-olds and 85.5% among those aged 65 and over.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/structure-population/origin|title=Origin &#124; Statbel|website=statbel.fgov.be}}</ref>

Of these 'New Belgians', 55.1% are of non-Belgian European ancestry and 44.9% are from [[non-Western]] countries.

The rest consists mostly of French-speaking people from Brussels, [[Turkish people|Turks]], [[Kurds]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gva.be/cnt/dmf20171027_03157602/de-situatie-van-de-koerden-is-nog-een-stuk-beroerder-dan-die-van-de-catalanen|title=De situatie van de Koerden is nog een stuk beroerder dan die van de Catalanen|website=Gazet van Antwerpen|date=28 October 2017 }}</ref> [[Dutch people|Dutch]], [[French people|French]], [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], [[Spanish people|Spaniards]], [[Greek people|Greeks]], [[Bosniaks]], [[Algeria]]ns, [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]], [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]], [[Polish people|Poles]], [[Indian people|Indians]], and [[Guineans]] (around 23% of Belgium's population is of non-[[Belgians|Belgian]] origin).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npdata.be/BuG/125-Vreemde-afkomst/|title=Non-Profit Data|website=Npdata.be|access-date=24 August 2017}}</ref> Approximately 30,000 [[Romani people|Roma]] live in Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/news/belgium-returns-to-ethnic-profiling-raids-and-roundups|title=Belgium Returns to Ethnic Profiling, Raids, and Roundups|website=European Roma Rights Centre}}</ref>

The exact number of French-speakers in Brussels is hard to determine, but it is estimated that 85% of the people living in Brussels use French and 10% use Dutch in their households, as the sole language or secondary language, while Arabic is also largely spoken. See the [[Brussels]] article for more details.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethnic demography of Brussels|url=https://ibsa.brussels/sites/default/files/documents/1.3_population_Nationalit%C3%A9s_20200924_0.xlsx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124213043/https://ibsa.brussels/sites/default/files/documents/1.3_population_Nationalit%C3%A9s_20200924_0.xlsx |archive-date=2021-11-24 }}</ref>

In the table are the top 30 countries by origin of the population of Belgium in 2020{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="3" |Group of origin
! colspan="10" |Year
!
!
|-
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name=":7" />
! colspan="2" |2006<ref name=":7" />
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name=":7" />
! colspan="2" |2016<ref name=":7" />
! colspan="2" |2023<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Origin {{!}} Statbel |url=https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/origin |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=statbel.fgov.be}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2024<ref name=":7" />
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!
!
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Belgians with Belgian background
! style="color: blue" |8,394,413
!81.8%
!8,252,547
!78.5%
!8,132,782
!74.3%
!7,966,385
!70.7%
!7,665,100
!65.5%
!7,618,446
!64.8%
|-
!Belgians with foreign background{{refn|group=fn|The number includes Belgian nationals who either previously were foreign nationals themselves or at least one of their parents was a foreign national. }}
!1,007,316
!9.8%
!1,358,362
!12.9%
!1,699,228
!15.5%
!2,005,865
!17.8%
!2,459,184 
!21.0%
!2,537,497
!'''21.6%''' 
|-
|Neighbouring country{{refn|group=fn|This category includes; 
*Germany;
*France;
*Luxembourg;
*the Netherlands;
*the United Kingdom;}}
|265,422
|2.6%
|299,651
|
|334,500
|
|362,196
|
|398,149
|3.4%
|
|
|-
|Other EU
|319,180
|3.1%
|375,091
|
|429,945
|
|481,977
|
|547,298
|4.7%
|
|
|-
|Other Europe
|100,019
|1%
|160,650
|
|215,141
|
|260,067
|
|316,125
|2.7%
|
|
|-
|Africa
|210,601
|2.1%
|363,476
|
|505,113
|
|639,146
|
|823,402
|7%
|
|
|-
|Asia and Oceania
|54,409
|0.5%
|77,410
|
|106,973
|
|133,603
|
|199,302
|1.7%
|
|
|-
|Other
|19,655
|0.2%
|29,446
|
|40,386
|
|49,113
|
|65,623
|0.6%
|
|
|-
|Not classified
|38,030
|0.4%
|52,638
|
|67,170
|
|79,763
|
|109,285
|0.9%
|
|
|-
!Non-Belgians
!861,685
!8.4%
!900,473
!8.6%
!1,119,256
!10.2%
!1,295,660
!11.5%
!1,573,273 
!13.4%
!1,607,707
!'''13.7%''' 
|-
|Neighbouring country{{refn|group=fn|This category includes; 
*Germany;
*France;
*Luxembourg;
*the Netherlands;
*the United Kingdom;}}
|257,981
|2.5%
|289,826
|
|336,102
|
|360,731
|
|383,151
|3.3%
|
|
|-
|Other EU
|313,827
|3.1%
|314,549
|
|387,389
|
|481,218
|
|569,989
|4.9%
|
|
|-
|Other Europe
|68,323
|0.7%
|67,277
|
|87,645
|
|83,783
|
|144,633
|1.2%
|
|
|-
|Africa
|153,603
|1.5%
|139,458
|
|182,605
|
|207,957
|
|234,162
|2%
|
|
|-
|Asia and Oceania
|30,609
|0.3%
|44,866
|
|64,238
|
|93,839
|
|149,313
|1.3%
|
|
|-
|Other
|23,155
|0.2%
|26,355
|
|33,904
|
|39,605
|
|47,547
|0.4%
|
|
|-
|Not classified
|14,187
|0.1%
|18,142
|
|27,373
|
|28,527
|
|44,478
|0.4%
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total
!10,263,414
!100%
!10,511,382
!100%
!10,951,266
!100%
!11,267,910
!100%
!11,697,557
!100%
!11,763,650
!100%
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="3" |Place of Birth
! colspan="2" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=CensusHub2 |url=https://ec.europa.eu/CensusHub2/query.do?step=selectHyperCube&qhc=false |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|-
!Place of birth in reporting country
|9,371,282
!
|-
!Place of birth not in reporting country
|1,517,608
!
|-
|Other EU Member State
|765,523
|
|-
|Outside EU but within Europe
|25,764
|
|-
|Outside Europe/ Non-European
|752,085
|
|-
|Africa
|418,576
|
|-
|Asia
|239,474
|
|-
|North America
|20,488
|
|-
|Caribbean, South or Central America
|45,650
|
|-
|
|
|
|-
!Total
|'''11,000,638'''
!100%
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-right: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 85%;"
|+Countries of origin of Belgian population (2020)
! Country
! Number (2020)
! % of population of foreign origin
! % of total population
|-
| {{flag|Morocco}}
| align="right" |340,359
| align="right" |13.3%
| align="right" |3.0%
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Italy}}
| align="right" |278,877
| align="right" |11.1%
| align="right" |2.4%
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|France}}
| align="right" |217,200
| align="right" |8.7%
| align="right" |1.9%
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align="right" |190,271
| align="right" |7.3%
| align="right" |1.7%
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}}
| align="right" |161,581
| align="right" |6.2%
| align="right" |1.4%
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Romania}}
| align="right" |120,929
| align="right" |4.8%
| align="right" |1.1%
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Poland}}
| align="right" |97,183
| align="right" |3.9%
| align="right" |0.8%
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Spain}}
| align="right" |78,745
| align="right" |3.1%
| align="right" |0.7%
|-
| {{flagicon|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
| align="right" |65,687
| align="right" |2.7%
| align="right" |0.6%
|-
| {{flag|Russia}}
| align="right" |62,059
| align="right" |2.5%
| align="right" |0.5%
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Portugal}}
| align="right" |54,719
| align="right" |2.1%
| align="right" |0.5%
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Germany}}
| align="right" |50,772
| align="right" |2.0%
| align="right" |0.4%
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Bulgaria}}
| align="right" |46,876
| align="right" |1.9%
| align="right" |0.4%
|-
| {{flag|Syria}}
| align="right" |35,626
| align="right" |1.4%
| align="right" |0.3%
|-
| {{flag|Algeria}}
| align="right" |31,956
| align="right" |1.2%
| align="right" |0.3%
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| align="right" |29,504
| align="right" |1.1%
| align="right" |0.3%
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Greece}}
| align="right" |28,643
| align="right" |1.1%
| align="right" |0.2%
|-
| {{flag|India}}
| align="right" |27,267
| align="right" |1.0%
| align="right" |0.2%
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| align="right" |25,727
| align="right" |1.0%
| align="right" |0.2%
|-
| {{flag|Cameroon}}
| align="right" |24,267
| align="right" |0.9%
| align="right" |0.2%
|-
| {{flag|China}}
| align="right" |22,283
| align="right" |0.9%
| align="right" |0.2%
|-
| {{flag|Tunisia}}
| align="right" |20,921
| align="right" |0.8%
| align="right" |0.2%
|-
| {{flag|Iraq}}
| align="right" |20,882
| align="right" |0.8%
| align="right" |0.2%
|-
| {{flag|Guinea}}
| align="right" |19,244
| align="right" |0.7%
| align="right" |0.2%
|-
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| align="right" |15,158
| align="right" |0.6%
| align="right" |0.1%
|-
| {{flag|Rwanda}}
| align="right" |14,729
| align="right" |0.6%
| align="right" |0.1%
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| align="right" |14,580
| align="right" |0.6%
| align="right" |0.1%
|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| align="right" |13,820
| align="right" |0.5%
| align="right" |0.1%
|-
| {{flag|Iran}}
| align="right" |12,891
| align="right" |0.5%
| align="right" |0.1%
|-
| {{flag|Albania}}
| align="right" |12,641
| align="right" |0.5%
| align="right" |0.1%
|-
| {{flag|Senegal}}
| align="right" |11,876
| align="right" |0.5%
| align="right" |0.1%
|-
| Other countries
| align="right" |414,327
| align="right" |16.2%
| align="right" |3.6%
|-
|-
| '''Total'''
| align="right" |'''2,549,724'''
| align="right" |'''100%'''
| align="right" |'''22.2%'''
|}

==Naturalisation==

Foreign nationals can only apply for Belgian nationality after 5 years of legal residence in Belgium. The requirements for Belgium nationality are You have been legally resident in Belgium for at least 5 years, You have a right to remain indefinitely, You are integrated in Belgium, for example you have a certificate of integration, You speak and write 1 of the 3 national languages, and You have already worked at least 468 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Obtaining Belgian nationality ed|url=https://www.fedasilinfo.be/en/obtaining-belgian-nationality |website=Fedasil |access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref> Since the year 2000 there has been 910,067 naturalised persons.

{| class="wikitable" e
|+ Naturalisation Data by Continent (2000–2023)
|-
! Continent !! Naturalised Persons !! Percentage of Total
|-
| Europe || 344,923 || 37.9%
|-
| Asia || 133,183 || 14.6%
|-
| Africa || 362,308 || 39.8%
|-
| America || 30,783 || 3.4%
|-
| Oceania || 454 || 0.05%
|-
| Others || 38,416 || 4.2%
|-
| '''Total''' || '''910,067''' || '''100%'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Main Nationalities Granted Belgian Citizenship (2000–2023)
|-
! Rank !! Country !! Number of Naturalised Persons
|-
| 1 || {{flag|Morocco}} || 189,826
|-
| 2 || {{flag|Turkey}} || 85,156
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Italy}} || 48,839
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} || 39,677
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Romania}} || 26,877
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Russia}} || 22,055
|-
| 7 || {{flag|Poland}} || 21,652
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Netherlands}} || 21,287
|-
| 9 || {{flag|France}} || 20,571
|-
| 10 || {{flag|Syria}} || 17,118
|-
| 11 || {{flag|Afghanistan}} || 15,269
|-
| 12 || {{flag|Cameroon}} || 15,302
|-
| 13 || {{flag|Iraq}} || 13,717
|-
| 14 || {{flag|Spain}} || 10,529
|-
| 15 || {{flag|India}} || 10,522
|}

<ref>{{cite web |title=Changes of nationality |url=https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/population-movement/changes-nationality |website=Statbel |publisher=Statistics Belgium |access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref>

==Languages==
{{Main|Languages of Belgium}}
Belgium's three official languages are [[Dutch language|Dutch]], spoken by about 60% of the population, French, spoken by about 40%, and German, spoken by less than 1%. The vast majority of Belgium's population, 99%, is literate as defined by the Belgian government, i.e. capable of reading and writing in an official language by the time a citizen has reached the age of 15. English is the official (meetings) language of the European Commission, 10% of the job market in Brussels.

==Religion==
{{Main|Religion in Belgium}}
As of 2012, 58% of Belgians identify as [[Catholic Church in Belgium|Catholic]]. Other Christians comprise 7% of the population. [[Islam|Muslims]] comprise 5%. 27% of Belgians are agnostics, atheists or otherwise irreligious.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_393_en.pdf |title=Special Eurobarometer 393 – Discrimination in the EU in 2012 |access-date=2013-08-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202023700/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_393_en.pdf |archive-date=2012-12-02 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Belgian nationality law]]
*[[Metropolitan areas in Belgium]]
*[[Demographics of Brussels]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=fn|refs=
}}

==References==
{{CIA World Factbook|year=2016}}
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

{{Belgium topics}}
{{Ethnic groups in Belgium}}
{{Demographics of Europe}}

[[Category:Demographics of Belgium| ]]
[[Category:Society of Belgium]]